path: root/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/video-interface-devices.yaml

# SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
%YAML 1.2
---
$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/media/video-interface-devices.yaml#
$schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#

title: Common bindings for video receiver and transmitter devices

maintainers:
  - Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
  - Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>

properties:
  flash-leds:
    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array
    description:
      An array of phandles, each referring to a flash LED, a sub-node of the LED
      driver device node.

  lens-focus:
    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle
    description:
      A phandle to the node of the focus lens controller.

  rotation:
    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32
    enum: [ 0, 90, 180, 270 ]
    description: |
      The camera rotation is expressed as the angular difference in degrees
      between two reference systems, one relative to the camera module, and one
      defined on the external world scene to be captured when projected on the
      image sensor pixel array.

      A camera sensor has a 2-dimensional reference system 'Rc' defined by its
      pixel array read-out order. The origin is set to the first pixel being
      read out, the X-axis points along the column read-out direction towards
      the last columns, and the Y-axis along the row read-out direction towards
      the last row.

      A typical example for a sensor with a 2592x1944 pixel array matrix
      observed from the front is:

              2591       X-axis          0
                <------------------------+ 0
                .......... ... ..........!
                .......... ... ..........! Y-axis
                           ...           !
                .......... ... ..........!
                .......... ... ..........! 1943
                                         V

      The external world scene reference system 'Rs' is a 2-dimensional
      reference system on the focal plane of the camera module. The origin is
      placed on the top-left corner of the visible scene, the X-axis points
      towards the right, and the Y-axis points towards the bottom of the scene.
      The top, bottom, left and right directions are intentionally not defined
      and depend on the environment in which the camera is used.

      A typical example of a (very common) picture of a shark swimming from left
      to right, as seen from the camera, is:

               0               X-axis
             0 +------------------------------------->
               !
               !
               !
               !           |\____)\___
               !           ) _____  __`<
               !           |/     )/
               !
               !
               !
               V
             Y-axis

      with the reference system 'Rs' placed on the camera focal plane:

                                  ¸.·˙!
                              ¸.·˙    !
                  _       ¸.·˙        !
               +-/ \-+¸.·˙            !
               | (o) |                ! Camera focal plane
               +-----+˙·.¸            !
                          ˙·.¸        !
                              ˙·.¸    !
                                  ˙·.¸!

      When projected on the sensor's pixel array, the image and the associated
      reference system 'Rs' are typically (but not always) inverted, due to the
      camera module's lens optical inversion effect.

      Assuming the above represented scene of the swimming shark, the lens
      inversion projects the scene and its reference system onto the sensor
      pixel array, seen from the front of the camera sensor, as follows:

            Y-axis
               ^
               !
               !
               !
               !            |\_____)\__
               !            ) ____  ___.<
               !            |/    )/
               !
               !
               !
             0 +------------------------------------->
               0               X-axis

      Note the shark being upside-down.

      The resulting projected reference system is named 'Rp'.

      The camera rotation property is then defined as the angular difference in
      the counter-clockwise direction between the camera reference system 'Rc'
      and the projected scene reference system 'Rp'. It is expressed in degrees
      as a number in the range [0, 360[.

      Examples

      0 degrees camera rotation:


                    Y-Rp
                     ^
              Y-Rc   !
               ^     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !   0 +------------------------------------->
               !     0               X-Rp
             0 +------------------------------------->
               0               X-Rc


                                X-Rc                0
               <------------------------------------+ 0
                           X-Rp                 0   !
           <------------------------------------+ 0 !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   !
                                                !   V
                                                !  Y-Rc
                                                V
                                               Y-Rp

      90 degrees camera rotation:

               0        Y-Rc
             0 +-------------------->
               !   Y-Rp
               !    ^
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !  0 +------------------------------------->
               !    0              X-Rp
               !
               !
               !
               !
               V
              X-Rc

      180 degrees camera rotation:

                                            0
       <------------------------------------+ 0
                        X-Rc                !
              Y-Rp                          !
               ^                            !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            V
               !                           Y-Rc
             0 +------------------------------------->
               0              X-Rp

      270 degrees camera rotation:

               0        Y-Rc
             0 +-------------------->
               !                                        0
               !    <-----------------------------------+ 0
               !                    X-Rp                !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        !
               !                                        V
               !                                       Y-Rp
               !
               !
               !
               !
               V
              X-Rc


      Example one - Webcam

      A camera module installed on the user facing part of a laptop screen
      casing used for video calls. The captured images are meant to be displayed
      in landscape mode (width > height) on the laptop screen.

      The camera is typically mounted upside-down to compensate the lens optical
      inversion effect:

                    Y-Rp
              Y-Rc   ^
               ^     !
               !     !
               !     !       |\_____)\__
               !     !       ) ____  ___.<
               !     !       |/    )/
               !     !
               !     !
               !     !
               !   0 +------------------------------------->
               !     0           X-Rp
             0 +------------------------------------->
               0            X-Rc

      The two reference systems are aligned, the resulting camera rotation is
      0 degrees, no rotation correction needs to be applied to the resulting
      image once captured to memory buffers to correctly display it to users:

               +--------------------------------------+
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !             |\____)\___              !
               !             ) _____  __`<            !
               !             |/     )/                !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               +--------------------------------------+

      If the camera sensor is not mounted upside-down to compensate for the lens
      optical inversion, the two reference systems will not be aligned, with
      'Rp' being rotated 180 degrees relatively to 'Rc':


                        X-Rc                0
       <------------------------------------+ 0
                                            !
              Y-Rp                          !
               ^                            !
               !                            !
               !       |\_____)\__          !
               !       ) ____  ___.<        !
               !       |/    )/             !
               !                            !
               !                            !
               !                            V
               !                           Y-Rc
             0 +------------------------------------->
               0            X-Rp

      The image once captured to memory will then be rotated by 180 degrees:

               +--------------------------------------+
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !              __/(_____/|             !
               !            >.___  ____ (             !
               !                 \(    \|             !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               +--------------------------------------+

      A software rotation correction of 180 degrees should be applied to
      correctly display the image:

               +--------------------------------------+
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !             |\____)\___              !
               !             ) _____  __`<            !
               !             |/     )/                !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               !                                      !
               +--------------------------------------+

      Example two - Phone camera

      A camera installed on the back side of a mobile device facing away from
      the user. The captured images are meant to be displayed in portrait mode
      (height > width) to match the device screen orientation and the device
      usage orientation used when taking the picture.

      The camera sensor is typically mounted with its pixel array longer side
      aligned to the device longer side, upside-down mounted to compensate for
      the lens optical inversion effect:

               0        Y-Rc
             0 +-------------------->
               !   Y-Rp
               !    ^
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !            |\_____)\__
               !    !            ) ____  ___.<
               !    !            |/    )/
               !    !
               !    !
               !    !
               !  0 +------------------------------------->
               !    0                X-Rp
               !
               !
               !
               !
               V
              X-Rc

      The two reference systems are not aligned and the 'Rp' reference system is
      rotated by 90 degrees in the counter-clockwise direction relatively to the
      'Rc' reference system.

      The image once captured to memory will be rotated:

               +-------------------------------------+
               |                 _ _                 |
               |                \   /                |
               |                 | |                 |
               |                 | |                 |
               |                 |  >                |
               |                <  |                 |
               |                 | |                 |
               |                   .                 |
               |                  V                  |
               +-------------------------------------+

      A correction of 90 degrees in counter-clockwise direction has to be
      applied to correctly display the image in portrait mode on the device
      screen:

                        +--------------------+
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |   |\____)\___      |
                        |   ) _____  __`<    |
                        |   |/     )/        |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        |                    |
                        +--------------------+

  orientation:
    description:
      The orientation of a device (typically an image sensor or a flash LED)
      describing its mounting position relative to the usage orientation of the
      system where the device is installed on.
    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32
    enum:
        # Front. The device is mounted on the front facing side of the system. For
        # mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops the front side
        # is the user facing side.
      - 0
        # Back. The device is mounted on the back side of the system, which is
        # defined as the opposite side of the front facing one.
      - 1
        # External. The device is not attached directly to the system but is
        # attached in a way that allows it to move freely.
      - 2

additionalProperties: true

...