Merge branch 'cgroup-bpf_link'

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================
bpf_link abstraction itself was formalized in [0] with justifications for why
its semantics is a good fit for attaching BPF programs of various types. This
patch set adds bpf_link-based BPF program attachment mechanism for cgroup BPF
programs.

Cgroup BPF link is semantically compatible with current BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI
semantics of attaching cgroup BPF programs directly. Thus cgroup bpf_link can
co-exist with legacy BPF program multi-attachment.

bpf_link is destroyed and automatically detached when the last open FD holding
the reference to bpf_link is closed. This means that by default, when the
process that created bpf_link exits, attached BPF program will be
automatically detached due to bpf_link's clean up code. Cgroup bpf_link, like
any other bpf_link, can be pinned in BPF FS and by those means survive the
exit of process that created the link. This is useful in many scenarios to
provide long-living BPF program attachments. Pinning also means that there
could be many owners of bpf_link through independent FDs.

Additionally, auto-detachmet of cgroup bpf_link is implemented. When cgroup is
dying it will automatically detach all active bpf_links. This ensures that
cgroup clean up is not delayed due to active bpf_link even despite no chance
for any BPF program to be run for a given cgroup. In that sense it's similar
to existing behavior of dropping refcnt of attached bpf_prog. But in the case
of bpf_link, bpf_link is not destroyed and is still available to user as long
as at least one active FD is still open (or if it's pinned in BPF FS).

There are two main cgroup-specific differences between bpf_link-based and
direct bpf_prog-based attachment.

First, as opposed to direct bpf_prog attachment, cgroup itself doesn't "own"
bpf_link, which makes it possible to auto-clean up attached bpf_link when user
process abruptly exits without explicitly detaching BPF program. This makes
for a safe default behavior proven in BPF tracing program types. But bpf_link
doesn't bump cgroup->bpf.refcnt as well and because of that doesn't prevent
cgroup from cleaning up its BPF state.

Second, only owners of bpf_link (those who created bpf_link in the first place
or obtained a new FD by opening bpf_link from BPF FS) can detach and/or update
it. This makes sure that no other process can accidentally remove/replace BPF
program.

This patch set also implements LINK_UPDATE sub-command, which allows to
replace bpf_link's underlying bpf_prog, similarly to BPF_F_REPLACE flag
behavior for direct bpf_prog cgroup attachment. Similarly to LINK_CREATE, it
is supposed to be generic command for different types of bpf_links.

  [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200228223948.360936-1-andriin@fb.com/

v2->v3:
  - revert back to just MULTI mode (Alexei);
  - fix tinyconfig compilation warning (kbuild test robot);

v1->v2:
  - implement exclusive and overridable exclusive modes (Andrey Ignatov);
  - fix build for !CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF build;
  - add more selftests for non-multi mode and inter-operability;
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

8 files changed, 399 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 9f786a5a44ac..2e29a671d67e 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ enum bpf_cmd {
 	BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH,
 	BPF_MAP_UPDATE_BATCH,
 	BPF_MAP_DELETE_BATCH,
+	BPF_LINK_CREATE,
+	BPF_LINK_UPDATE,
 };
 
 enum bpf_map_type {
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		__u32		prog_cnt;
 	} query;
 
-	struct {
+	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
 		__u64 name;
 		__u32 prog_fd;
 	} raw_tracepoint;
@@ -569,6 +571,24 @@ union bpf_attr {
 		__u64		probe_offset;	/* output: probe_offset */
 		__u64		probe_addr;	/* output: probe_addr */
 	} task_fd_query;
+
+	struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_CREATE command */
+		__u32		prog_fd;	/* eBPF program to attach */
+		__u32		target_fd;	/* object to attach to */
+		__u32		attach_type;	/* attach type */
+		__u32		flags;		/* extra flags */
+	} link_create;
+
+	struct { /* struct used by BPF_LINK_UPDATE command */
+		__u32		link_fd;	/* link fd */
+		/* new program fd to update link with */
+		__u32		new_prog_fd;
+		__u32		flags;		/* extra flags */
+		/* expected link's program fd; is specified only if
+		 * BPF_F_REPLACE flag is set in flags */
+		__u32		old_prog_fd;
+	} link_update;
+
 } __attribute__((aligned(8)));
 
 /* The description below is an attempt at providing documentation to eBPF
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
index 73220176728d..5cc1b0785d18 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
@@ -585,6 +585,40 @@ int bpf_prog_detach2(int prog_fd, int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
 	return sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
 }
 
+int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
+		    enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
+		    const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts)
+{
+	union bpf_attr attr;
+
+	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_link_create_opts))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
+	attr.link_create.prog_fd = prog_fd;
+	attr.link_create.target_fd = target_fd;
+	attr.link_create.attach_type = attach_type;
+
+	return sys_bpf(BPF_LINK_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+}
+
+int bpf_link_update(int link_fd, int new_prog_fd,
+		    const struct bpf_link_update_opts *opts)
+{
+	union bpf_attr attr;
+
+	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_link_update_opts))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
+	attr.link_update.link_fd = link_fd;
+	attr.link_update.new_prog_fd = new_prog_fd;
+	attr.link_update.flags = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
+	attr.link_update.old_prog_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, old_prog_fd, 0);
+
+	return sys_bpf(BPF_LINK_UPDATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+}
+
 int bpf_prog_query(int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type, __u32 query_flags,
 		   __u32 *attach_flags, __u32 *prog_ids, __u32 *prog_cnt)
 {
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
index b976e77316cc..46d47afdd887 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
@@ -168,6 +168,25 @@ LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_detach(int attachable_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_detach2(int prog_fd, int attachable_fd,
 				enum bpf_attach_type type);
 
+struct bpf_link_create_opts {
+	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
+};
+#define bpf_link_create_opts__last_field sz
+
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
+			       enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
+			       const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts);
+
+struct bpf_link_update_opts {
+	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
+	__u32 flags;	   /* extra flags */
+	__u32 old_prog_fd; /* expected old program FD */
+};
+#define bpf_link_update_opts__last_field old_prog_fd
+
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_link_update(int link_fd, int new_prog_fd,
+			       const struct bpf_link_update_opts *opts);
+
 struct bpf_prog_test_run_attr {
 	int prog_fd;
 	int repeat;
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index 0638e717f502..ff9174282a8c 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -6978,6 +6978,12 @@ struct bpf_link {
 	bool disconnected;
 };
 
+/* Replace link's underlying BPF program with the new one */
+int bpf_link__update_program(struct bpf_link *link, struct bpf_program *prog)
+{
+	return bpf_link_update(bpf_link__fd(link), bpf_program__fd(prog), NULL);
+}
+
 /* Release "ownership" of underlying BPF resource (typically, BPF program
  * attached to some BPF hook, e.g., tracepoint, kprobe, etc). Disconnected
  * link, when destructed through bpf_link__destroy() call won't attempt to
@@ -7533,6 +7539,46 @@ static struct bpf_link *attach_lsm(const struct bpf_sec_def *sec,
 	return bpf_program__attach_lsm(prog);
 }
 
+struct bpf_link *
+bpf_program__attach_cgroup(struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd)
+{
+	const struct bpf_sec_def *sec_def;
+	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int prog_fd, link_fd;
+
+	prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
+	if (prog_fd < 0) {
+		pr_warn("program '%s': can't attach before loaded\n",
+			bpf_program__title(prog, false));
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	link = calloc(1, sizeof(*link));
+	if (!link)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	link->detach = &bpf_link__detach_fd;
+
+	attach_type = bpf_program__get_expected_attach_type(prog);
+	if (!attach_type) {
+		sec_def = find_sec_def(bpf_program__title(prog, false));
+		if (sec_def)
+			attach_type = sec_def->attach_type;
+	}
+	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, cgroup_fd, attach_type, NULL);
+	if (link_fd < 0) {
+		link_fd = -errno;
+		free(link);
+		pr_warn("program '%s': failed to attach to cgroup: %s\n",
+			bpf_program__title(prog, false),
+			libbpf_strerror_r(link_fd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+		return ERR_PTR(link_fd);
+	}
+	link->fd = link_fd;
+	return link;
+}
+
 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach(struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
 	const struct bpf_sec_def *sec_def;
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
index 55348724c355..44df1d3e7287 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ LIBBPF_API int bpf_link__fd(const struct bpf_link *link);
 LIBBPF_API const char *bpf_link__pin_path(const struct bpf_link *link);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_link__pin(struct bpf_link *link, const char *path);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_link__unpin(struct bpf_link *link);
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_link__update_program(struct bpf_link *link,
+					struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API void bpf_link__disconnect(struct bpf_link *link);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_link__destroy(struct bpf_link *link);
 
@@ -245,13 +247,17 @@ bpf_program__attach_tracepoint(struct bpf_program *prog,
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_raw_tracepoint(struct bpf_program *prog,
 				   const char *tp_name);
-
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_trace(struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_lsm(struct bpf_program *prog);
+LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
+bpf_program__attach_cgroup(struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd);
+
 struct bpf_map;
+
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(struct bpf_map *map);
+
 struct bpf_insn;
 
 /*
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
index eabd3d3e689f..bb8831605b25 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
@@ -243,7 +243,11 @@ LIBBPF_0.0.8 {
 		bpf_link__pin;
 		bpf_link__pin_path;
 		bpf_link__unpin;
+		bpf_link__update_program;
+		bpf_link_create;
+		bpf_link_update;
 		bpf_map__set_initial_value;
+		bpf_program__attach_cgroup;
 		bpf_program__attach_lsm;
 		bpf_program__is_lsm;
 		bpf_program__set_attach_target;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e04f8d1d15b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgroup_link.c
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <test_progs.h>
+#include "cgroup_helpers.h"
+#include "test_cgroup_link.skel.h"
+
+static __u32 duration = 0;
+#define PING_CMD	"ping -q -c1 -w1 127.0.0.1 > /dev/null"
+
+static struct test_cgroup_link *skel = NULL;
+
+int ping_and_check(int exp_calls, int exp_alt_calls)
+{
+	skel->bss->calls = 0;
+	skel->bss->alt_calls = 0;
+	CHECK_FAIL(system(PING_CMD));
+	if (CHECK(skel->bss->calls != exp_calls, "call_cnt",
+		  "exp %d, got %d\n", exp_calls, skel->bss->calls))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (CHECK(skel->bss->alt_calls != exp_alt_calls, "alt_call_cnt",
+		  "exp %d, got %d\n", exp_alt_calls, skel->bss->alt_calls))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void test_cgroup_link(void)
+{
+	struct {
+		const char *path;
+		int fd;
+	} cgs[] = {
+		{ "/cg1" },
+		{ "/cg1/cg2" },
+		{ "/cg1/cg2/cg3" },
+		{ "/cg1/cg2/cg3/cg4" },
+	};
+	int last_cg = ARRAY_SIZE(cgs) - 1, cg_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(cgs);
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_update_opts, link_upd_opts);
+	struct bpf_link *links[ARRAY_SIZE(cgs)] = {}, *tmp_link;
+	__u32 prog_ids[ARRAY_SIZE(cgs)], prog_cnt = 0, attach_flags;
+	int i = 0, err, prog_fd;
+	bool detach_legacy = false;
+
+	skel = test_cgroup_link__open_and_load();
+	if (CHECK(!skel, "skel_open_load", "failed to open/load skeleton\n"))
+		return;
+	prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.egress);
+
+	err = setup_cgroup_environment();
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_init", "failed: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		cgs[i].fd = create_and_get_cgroup(cgs[i].path);
+		if (CHECK(cgs[i].fd < 0, "cg_create", "fail: %d\n", cgs[i].fd))
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	err = join_cgroup(cgs[last_cg].path);
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_join", "fail: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		links[i] = bpf_program__attach_cgroup(skel->progs.egress,
+						      cgs[i].fd);
+		if (CHECK(IS_ERR(links[i]), "cg_attach", "i: %d, err: %ld\n",
+				 i, PTR_ERR(links[i])))
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr, 0);
+
+	/* query the number of effective progs and attach flags in root cg */
+	err = bpf_prog_query(cgs[0].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
+			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, &attach_flags, NULL,
+			     &prog_cnt);
+	CHECK_FAIL(err);
+	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != 1, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n", 1, prog_cnt))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* query the number of effective progs in last cg */
+	err = bpf_prog_query(cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
+			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, NULL, NULL,
+			     &prog_cnt);
+	CHECK_FAIL(err);
+	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != cg_nr, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n",
+		  cg_nr, prog_cnt))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* query the effective prog IDs in last cg */
+	err = bpf_prog_query(cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS,
+			     BPF_F_QUERY_EFFECTIVE, &attach_flags,
+			     prog_ids, &prog_cnt);
+	CHECK_FAIL(err);
+	CHECK_FAIL(attach_flags != BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (CHECK(prog_cnt != cg_nr, "effect_cnt", "exp %d, got %d\n",
+		  cg_nr, prog_cnt))
+		goto cleanup;
+	for (i = 1; i < prog_cnt; i++) {
+		CHECK(prog_ids[i - 1] != prog_ids[i], "prog_id_check",
+		      "idx %d, prev id %d, cur id %d\n",
+		      i, prog_ids[i - 1], prog_ids[i]);
+	}
+
+	/* detach bottom program and ping again */
+	bpf_link__destroy(links[last_cg]);
+	links[last_cg] = NULL;
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr - 1, 0);
+
+	/* mix in with non link-based multi-attachments */
+	err = bpf_prog_attach(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd,
+			      BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS, BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_attach_legacy", "errno=%d\n", errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+	detach_legacy = true;
+
+	links[last_cg] = bpf_program__attach_cgroup(skel->progs.egress,
+						    cgs[last_cg].fd);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(links[last_cg]), "cg_attach", "err: %ld\n",
+		  PTR_ERR(links[last_cg])))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr + 1, 0);
+
+	/* detach link */
+	bpf_link__destroy(links[last_cg]);
+	links[last_cg] = NULL;
+
+	/* detach legacy */
+	err = bpf_prog_detach2(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS);
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_detach_legacy", "errno=%d\n", errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+	detach_legacy = false;
+
+	/* attach legacy exclusive prog attachment */
+	err = bpf_prog_attach(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd,
+			      BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS, 0);
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_attach_exclusive", "errno=%d\n", errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+	detach_legacy = true;
+
+	/* attempt to mix in with multi-attach bpf_link */
+	tmp_link = bpf_program__attach_cgroup(skel->progs.egress,
+					      cgs[last_cg].fd);
+	if (CHECK(!IS_ERR(tmp_link), "cg_attach_fail", "unexpected success!\n")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(tmp_link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr, 0);
+
+	/* detach */
+	err = bpf_prog_detach2(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS);
+	if (CHECK(err, "cg_detach_legacy", "errno=%d\n", errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+	detach_legacy = false;
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr - 1, 0);
+
+	/* attach back link-based one */
+	links[last_cg] = bpf_program__attach_cgroup(skel->progs.egress,
+						    cgs[last_cg].fd);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(links[last_cg]), "cg_attach", "err: %ld\n",
+		  PTR_ERR(links[last_cg])))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ping_and_check(cg_nr, 0);
+
+	/* check legacy exclusive prog can't be attached */
+	err = bpf_prog_attach(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd,
+			      BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS, 0);
+	if (CHECK(!err, "cg_attach_exclusive", "unexpected success")) {
+		bpf_prog_detach2(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/* replace BPF programs inside their links for all but first link */
+	for (i = 1; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		err = bpf_link__update_program(links[i], skel->progs.egress_alt);
+		if (CHECK(err, "prog_upd", "link #%d\n", i))
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	ping_and_check(1, cg_nr - 1);
+
+	/* Attempt program update with wrong expected BPF program */
+	link_upd_opts.old_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.egress_alt);
+	link_upd_opts.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE;
+	err = bpf_link_update(bpf_link__fd(links[0]),
+			      bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.egress_alt),
+			      &link_upd_opts);
+	if (CHECK(err == 0 || errno != EPERM, "prog_cmpxchg1",
+		  "unexpectedly succeeded, err %d, errno %d\n", err, -errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* Compare-exchange single link program from egress to egress_alt */
+	link_upd_opts.old_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.egress);
+	link_upd_opts.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE;
+	err = bpf_link_update(bpf_link__fd(links[0]),
+			      bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.egress_alt),
+			      &link_upd_opts);
+	if (CHECK(err, "prog_cmpxchg2", "errno %d\n", -errno))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	/* ping */
+	ping_and_check(0, cg_nr);
+
+	/* close cgroup FDs before detaching links */
+	for (i = 0; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		if (cgs[i].fd > 0) {
+			close(cgs[i].fd);
+			cgs[i].fd = -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* BPF programs should still get called */
+	ping_and_check(0, cg_nr);
+
+	/* leave cgroup and remove them, don't detach programs */
+	cleanup_cgroup_environment();
+
+	/* BPF programs should have been auto-detached */
+	ping_and_check(0, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	if (detach_legacy)
+		bpf_prog_detach2(prog_fd, cgs[last_cg].fd,
+				 BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		if (!IS_ERR(links[i]))
+			bpf_link__destroy(links[i]);
+	}
+	test_cgroup_link__destroy(skel);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cg_nr; i++) {
+		if (cgs[i].fd > 0)
+			close(cgs[i].fd);
+	}
+	cleanup_cgroup_environment();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_cgroup_link.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_cgroup_link.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..77e47b9e4446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_cgroup_link.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+
+int calls = 0;
+int alt_calls = 0;
+
+SEC("cgroup_skb/egress1")
+int egress(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	__sync_fetch_and_add(&calls, 1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+SEC("cgroup_skb/egress2")
+int egress_alt(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	__sync_fetch_and_add(&alt_calls, 1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+