libbpf: Fix UAF in strset__add_str()

strset_add_str_mem() might reallocate the strset data buffer in order to
accommodate the provided string 's'. However, if 's' points to a string
already present in the buffer, it becomes dangling after the realloc.
This leads to a use-after-free when attempting to memcpy() the string
into the new buffer.

One scenario that triggers this problematic path is when resolve_btfids
attempts to patch kfunc prototypes using existing BTF parameter names:

 | resolve_btfids: function bpf_list_push_back_impl already exists in BTF
 | Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Compiling resolve_btfids with fsanitize=address generates a detailed
report of the UAF:

 | =================================================================
 | ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x7f4c4a500bd4
 | ==1507892==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x7f4c4a500bd4 at pc 0x55d25155a2a8 bp 0x7ffcef879060 sp 0x7ffcef878818
 | READ of size 5 at 0x7f4c4a500bd4 thread T0
 |     #0 0x55d25155a2a7 in memcpy (tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids+0xcf2a7)
 |     #1 0x55d2515d708e in strset__add_str tools/lib/bpf/strset.c:162:2
 |     #2 0x55d2515c730b in btf__add_str tools/lib/bpf/btf.c:2109:8
 |     #3 0x55d2515c9020 in btf__add_func_param tools/lib/bpf/btf.c:3108:14
 |     #4 0x55d25159f0b5 in process_kfunc_with_implicit_args tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/main.c:1196:9
 |     #5 0x55d25159e004 in btf2btf tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/main.c:1229:9
 |     #6 0x55d25159cee7 in main tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/main.c:1535:6
 |     #7 0x7f4c78e29f76 in __libc_start_call_main csu/../sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h:58:16
 |     #8 0x7f4c78e2a026 in __libc_start_main csu/../csu/libc-start.c:360:3
 |     #9 0x55d2514bb860 in _start (tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids+0x30860)
 |
 | 0x7f4c4a500bd4 is located 13268 bytes inside of 2829000-byte region [0x7f4c4a4fd800,0x7f4c4a7b02c8)
 | freed by thread T0 here:
 |     #0 0x55d25155b700 in realloc (tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids+0xd0700)
 |     #1 0x55d2515c426c in libbpf_reallocarray tools/lib/bpf/./libbpf_internal.h:220:9
 |     #2 0x55d2515c426c in libbpf_add_mem tools/lib/bpf/btf.c:224:13
 |
 | previously allocated by thread T0 here:
 |     #0 0x55d25155b2e3 in malloc (tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids+0xd02e3)
 |     #1 0x55d2515d6e7d in strset__new tools/lib/bpf/strset.c:58:20

While resolve_btfids could be refactored to avoid this call path, let's
instead fix this issue at the source in strset__add_str() and avoid
similar scenarios.

Let's check if set->strs_data was reallocated and whether 's' points to
an internal string within the old strset buffer. In such case, 's' is
reconstructed to point to the new buffer.

While already here, also fix strset__find_str() which suffers from the
same problem by factoring out the common operations into a new helper
function strset_str_append().

Fixes: 90d76d3ececc ("libbpf: Extract internal set-of-strings datastructure APIs")
Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260523162722.2718940-1-cmllamas@google.com

0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions