Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm

Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:

 - Replace pcommit with ADR / directed-flushing.

   The pcommit instruction, which has not shipped on any product, is
   deprecated.  Instead, the requirement is that platforms implement
   either ADR, or provide one or more flush addresses per nvdimm.

   ADR (Asynchronous DRAM Refresh) flushes data in posted write buffers
   to the memory controller on a power-fail event.

   Flush addresses are defined in ACPI 6.x as an NVDIMM Firmware
   Interface Table (NFIT) sub-structure: "Flush Hint Address Structure".
   A flush hint is an mmio address that when written and fenced assures
   that all previous posted writes targeting a given dimm have been
   flushed to media.

 - On-demand ARS (address range scrub).

   Linux uses the results of the ACPI ARS commands to track bad blocks
   in pmem devices.  When latent errors are detected we re-scrub the
   media to refresh the bad block list, userspace can also request a
   re-scrub at any time.

 - Support for the Microsoft DSM (device specific method) command
   format.

 - Support for EDK2/OVMF virtual disk device memory ranges.

 - Various fixes and cleanups across the subsystem.

* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (41 commits)
  libnvdimm-btt: Delete an unnecessary check before the function call "__nd_device_register"
  nfit: do an ARS scrub on hitting a latent media error
  nfit: move to nfit/ sub-directory
  nfit, libnvdimm: allow an ARS scrub to be triggered on demand
  libnvdimm: register nvdimm_bus devices with an nd_bus driver
  pmem: clarify a debug print in pmem_clear_poison
  x86/insn: remove pcommit
  Revert "KVM: x86: add pcommit support"
  nfit, tools/testing/nvdimm/: unify shutdown paths
  libnvdimm: move ->module to struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor
  nfit: cleanup acpi_nfit_init calling convention
  nfit: fix _FIT evaluation memory leak + use after free
  tools/testing/nvdimm: add manufacturing_{date|location} dimm properties
  tools/testing/nvdimm: add virtual ramdisk range
  acpi, nfit: treat virtual ramdisk SPA as pmem region
  pmem: kill __pmem address space
  pmem: kill wmb_pmem()
  libnvdimm, pmem: use nvdimm_flush() for namespace I/O writes
  fs/dax: remove wmb_pmem()
  libnvdimm, pmem: flush posted-write queues on shutdown
  ...

30 files changed, 1113 insertions, 572 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/acpi/Kconfig b/drivers/acpi/Kconfig
index acad70a0bb0d..aebd944bdaa1 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/acpi/Kconfig
@@ -454,32 +454,7 @@ config ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE_ONLY
 
 	  If you are unsure what to do, do not enable this option.
 
-config ACPI_NFIT
-	tristate "ACPI NVDIMM Firmware Interface Table (NFIT)"
-	depends on PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
-	depends on BLK_DEV
-	depends on ARCH_HAS_MMIO_FLUSH
-	select LIBNVDIMM
-	help
-	  Infrastructure to probe ACPI 6 compliant platforms for
-	  NVDIMMs (NFIT) and register a libnvdimm device tree.  In
-	  addition to storage devices this also enables libnvdimm to pass
-	  ACPI._DSM messages for platform/dimm configuration.
-
-	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here:
-	  the module will be called nfit.
-
-config ACPI_NFIT_DEBUG
-	bool "NFIT DSM debug"
-	depends on ACPI_NFIT
-	depends on DYNAMIC_DEBUG
-	default n
-	help
-	  Enabling this option causes the nfit driver to dump the
-	  input and output buffers of _DSM operations on the ACPI0012
-	  device and its children.  This can be very verbose, so leave
-	  it disabled unless you are debugging a hardware / firmware
-	  issue.
+source "drivers/acpi/nfit/Kconfig"
 
 source "drivers/acpi/apei/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/acpi/dptf/Kconfig"
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/Makefile b/drivers/acpi/Makefile
index 88f54f03e3d2..35a6ccbe3025 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/acpi/Makefile
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_PCI_SLOT)	+= pci_slot.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_PROCESSOR)	+= processor.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI)		+= container.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_THERMAL)	+= thermal.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_NFIT)		+= nfit.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_NFIT)		+= nfit/
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI)		+= acpi_memhotplug.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_HOTPLUG_IOAPIC) += ioapic.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_BATTERY)	+= battery.o
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/Kconfig b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd0d53c52552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+config ACPI_NFIT
+	tristate "ACPI NVDIMM Firmware Interface Table (NFIT)"
+	depends on PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
+	depends on BLK_DEV
+	depends on ARCH_HAS_MMIO_FLUSH
+	select LIBNVDIMM
+	help
+	  Infrastructure to probe ACPI 6 compliant platforms for
+	  NVDIMMs (NFIT) and register a libnvdimm device tree.  In
+	  addition to storage devices this also enables libnvdimm to pass
+	  ACPI._DSM messages for platform/dimm configuration.
+
+	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here:
+	  the module will be called nfit.
+
+config ACPI_NFIT_DEBUG
+	bool "NFIT DSM debug"
+	depends on ACPI_NFIT
+	depends on DYNAMIC_DEBUG
+	default n
+	help
+	  Enabling this option causes the nfit driver to dump the
+	  input and output buffers of _DSM operations on the ACPI0012
+	  device and its children.  This can be very verbose, so leave
+	  it disabled unless you are debugging a hardware / firmware
+	  issue.
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a407e769f103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_NFIT) := nfit.o
+nfit-y := core.o
+nfit-$(CONFIG_X86_MCE) += mce.o
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit.c b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
index 1f0e06065ae6..8c234dd9b8bc 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/core.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/ndctl.h>
+#include <linux/sysfs.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ module_param(disable_vendor_specific, bool, S_IRUGO);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(disable_vendor_specific,
 		"Limit commands to the publicly specified set\n");
 
+LIST_HEAD(acpi_descs);
+DEFINE_MUTEX(acpi_desc_lock);
+
 static struct workqueue_struct *nfit_wq;
 
 struct nfit_table_prev {
@@ -360,7 +364,7 @@ static const char *spa_type_name(u16 type)
 	return to_name[type];
 }
 
-static int nfit_spa_type(struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
+int nfit_spa_type(struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -374,22 +378,25 @@ static bool add_spa(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*spa), spa->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_spa *nfit_spa;
 
+	if (spa->header.length != sizeof(*spa))
+		return false;
+
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_spa, &prev->spas, list) {
-		if (memcmp(nfit_spa->spa, spa, length) == 0) {
+		if (memcmp(nfit_spa->spa, spa, sizeof(*spa)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_spa->list, &acpi_desc->spas);
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
 
-	nfit_spa = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_spa), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_spa = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_spa) + sizeof(*spa),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_spa)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_spa->list);
-	nfit_spa->spa = spa;
+	memcpy(nfit_spa->spa, spa, sizeof(*spa));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_spa->list, &acpi_desc->spas);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: spa index: %d type: %s\n", __func__,
 			spa->range_index,
@@ -401,21 +408,24 @@ static bool add_memdev(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_memory_map *memdev)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*memdev), memdev->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_memdev *nfit_memdev;
 
+	if (memdev->header.length != sizeof(*memdev))
+		return false;
+
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_memdev, &prev->memdevs, list)
-		if (memcmp(nfit_memdev->memdev, memdev, length) == 0) {
+		if (memcmp(nfit_memdev->memdev, memdev, sizeof(*memdev)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_memdev->list, &acpi_desc->memdevs);
 			return true;
 		}
 
-	nfit_memdev = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_memdev), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_memdev = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_memdev) + sizeof(*memdev),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_memdev)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_memdev->list);
-	nfit_memdev->memdev = memdev;
+	memcpy(nfit_memdev->memdev, memdev, sizeof(*memdev));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_memdev->list, &acpi_desc->memdevs);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: memdev handle: %#x spa: %d dcr: %d\n",
 			__func__, memdev->device_handle, memdev->range_index,
@@ -423,25 +433,42 @@ static bool add_memdev(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	return true;
 }
 
+/*
+ * An implementation may provide a truncated control region if no block windows
+ * are defined.
+ */
+static size_t sizeof_dcr(struct acpi_nfit_control_region *dcr)
+{
+	if (dcr->header.length < offsetof(struct acpi_nfit_control_region,
+				window_size))
+		return 0;
+	if (dcr->windows)
+		return sizeof(*dcr);
+	return offsetof(struct acpi_nfit_control_region, window_size);
+}
+
 static bool add_dcr(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_control_region *dcr)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*dcr), dcr->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_dcr *nfit_dcr;
 
+	if (!sizeof_dcr(dcr))
+		return false;
+
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_dcr, &prev->dcrs, list)
-		if (memcmp(nfit_dcr->dcr, dcr, length) == 0) {
+		if (memcmp(nfit_dcr->dcr, dcr, sizeof_dcr(dcr)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_dcr->list, &acpi_desc->dcrs);
 			return true;
 		}
 
-	nfit_dcr = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_dcr), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_dcr = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_dcr) + sizeof(*dcr),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_dcr)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_dcr->list);
-	nfit_dcr->dcr = dcr;
+	memcpy(nfit_dcr->dcr, dcr, sizeof_dcr(dcr));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_dcr->list, &acpi_desc->dcrs);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: dcr index: %d windows: %d\n", __func__,
 			dcr->region_index, dcr->windows);
@@ -452,71 +479,102 @@ static bool add_bdw(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_data_region *bdw)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*bdw), bdw->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_bdw *nfit_bdw;
 
+	if (bdw->header.length != sizeof(*bdw))
+		return false;
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_bdw, &prev->bdws, list)
-		if (memcmp(nfit_bdw->bdw, bdw, length) == 0) {
+		if (memcmp(nfit_bdw->bdw, bdw, sizeof(*bdw)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_bdw->list, &acpi_desc->bdws);
 			return true;
 		}
 
-	nfit_bdw = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_bdw), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_bdw = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_bdw) + sizeof(*bdw),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_bdw)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_bdw->list);
-	nfit_bdw->bdw = bdw;
+	memcpy(nfit_bdw->bdw, bdw, sizeof(*bdw));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_bdw->list, &acpi_desc->bdws);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: bdw dcr: %d windows: %d\n", __func__,
 			bdw->region_index, bdw->windows);
 	return true;
 }
 
+static size_t sizeof_idt(struct acpi_nfit_interleave *idt)
+{
+	if (idt->header.length < sizeof(*idt))
+		return 0;
+	return sizeof(*idt) + sizeof(u32) * (idt->line_count - 1);
+}
+
 static bool add_idt(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_interleave *idt)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*idt), idt->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_idt *nfit_idt;
 
-	list_for_each_entry(nfit_idt, &prev->idts, list)
-		if (memcmp(nfit_idt->idt, idt, length) == 0) {
+	if (!sizeof_idt(idt))
+		return false;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(nfit_idt, &prev->idts, list) {
+		if (sizeof_idt(nfit_idt->idt) != sizeof_idt(idt))
+			continue;
+
+		if (memcmp(nfit_idt->idt, idt, sizeof_idt(idt)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_idt->list, &acpi_desc->idts);
 			return true;
 		}
+	}
 
-	nfit_idt = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_idt), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_idt = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_idt) + sizeof_idt(idt),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_idt)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_idt->list);
-	nfit_idt->idt = idt;
+	memcpy(nfit_idt->idt, idt, sizeof_idt(idt));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_idt->list, &acpi_desc->idts);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: idt index: %d num_lines: %d\n", __func__,
 			idt->interleave_index, idt->line_count);
 	return true;
 }
 
+static size_t sizeof_flush(struct acpi_nfit_flush_address *flush)
+{
+	if (flush->header.length < sizeof(*flush))
+		return 0;
+	return sizeof(*flush) + sizeof(u64) * (flush->hint_count - 1);
+}
+
 static bool add_flush(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_table_prev *prev,
 		struct acpi_nfit_flush_address *flush)
 {
-	size_t length = min_t(size_t, sizeof(*flush), flush->header.length);
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_flush *nfit_flush;
 
-	list_for_each_entry(nfit_flush, &prev->flushes, list)
-		if (memcmp(nfit_flush->flush, flush, length) == 0) {
+	if (!sizeof_flush(flush))
+		return false;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(nfit_flush, &prev->flushes, list) {
+		if (sizeof_flush(nfit_flush->flush) != sizeof_flush(flush))
+			continue;
+
+		if (memcmp(nfit_flush->flush, flush,
+					sizeof_flush(flush)) == 0) {
 			list_move_tail(&nfit_flush->list, &acpi_desc->flushes);
 			return true;
 		}
+	}
 
-	nfit_flush = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_flush), GFP_KERNEL);
+	nfit_flush = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*nfit_flush)
+			+ sizeof_flush(flush), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nfit_flush)
 		return false;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nfit_flush->list);
-	nfit_flush->flush = flush;
+	memcpy(nfit_flush->flush, flush, sizeof_flush(flush));
 	list_add_tail(&nfit_flush->list, &acpi_desc->flushes);
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: nfit_flush handle: %d hint_count: %d\n", __func__,
 			flush->device_handle, flush->hint_count);
@@ -614,7 +672,6 @@ static void nfit_mem_init_bdw(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 {
 	u16 dcr = __to_nfit_memdev(nfit_mem)->region_index;
 	struct nfit_memdev *nfit_memdev;
-	struct nfit_flush *nfit_flush;
 	struct nfit_bdw *nfit_bdw;
 	struct nfit_idt *nfit_idt;
 	u16 idt_idx, range_index;
@@ -647,14 +704,6 @@ static void nfit_mem_init_bdw(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 			nfit_mem->idt_bdw = nfit_idt->idt;
 			break;
 		}
-
-		list_for_each_entry(nfit_flush, &acpi_desc->flushes, list) {
-			if (nfit_flush->flush->device_handle !=
-					nfit_memdev->memdev->device_handle)
-				continue;
-			nfit_mem->nfit_flush = nfit_flush;
-			break;
-		}
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -675,6 +724,7 @@ static int nfit_mem_dcr_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	}
 
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_memdev, &acpi_desc->memdevs, list) {
+		struct nfit_flush *nfit_flush;
 		struct nfit_dcr *nfit_dcr;
 		u32 device_handle;
 		u16 dcr;
@@ -721,6 +771,28 @@ static int nfit_mem_dcr_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 			break;
 		}
 
+		list_for_each_entry(nfit_flush, &acpi_desc->flushes, list) {
+			struct acpi_nfit_flush_address *flush;
+			u16 i;
+
+			if (nfit_flush->flush->device_handle != device_handle)
+				continue;
+			nfit_mem->nfit_flush = nfit_flush;
+			flush = nfit_flush->flush;
+			nfit_mem->flush_wpq = devm_kzalloc(acpi_desc->dev,
+					flush->hint_count
+					* sizeof(struct resource), GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!nfit_mem->flush_wpq)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			for (i = 0; i < flush->hint_count; i++) {
+				struct resource *res = &nfit_mem->flush_wpq[i];
+
+				res->start = flush->hint_address[i];
+				res->end = res->start + 8 - 1;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+
 		if (dcr && !nfit_mem->dcr) {
 			dev_err(acpi_desc->dev, "SPA %d missing DCR %d\n",
 					spa->range_index, dcr);
@@ -806,14 +878,85 @@ static ssize_t revision_show(struct device *dev,
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(revision);
 
+/*
+ * This shows the number of full Address Range Scrubs that have been
+ * completed since driver load time. Userspace can wait on this using
+ * select/poll etc. A '+' at the end indicates an ARS is in progress
+ */
+static ssize_t scrub_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc;
+	ssize_t rc = -ENXIO;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nd_desc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	if (nd_desc) {
+		struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = to_acpi_desc(nd_desc);
+
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "%d%s", acpi_desc->scrub_count,
+				(work_busy(&acpi_desc->work)) ? "+\n" : "\n");
+	}
+	device_unlock(dev);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static ssize_t scrub_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc;
+	ssize_t rc;
+	long val;
+
+	rc = kstrtol(buf, 0, &val);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+	if (val != 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nd_desc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	if (nd_desc) {
+		struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = to_acpi_desc(nd_desc);
+
+		rc = acpi_nfit_ars_rescan(acpi_desc);
+	}
+	device_unlock(dev);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+	return size;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(scrub);
+
+static bool ars_supported(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc = to_nd_desc(nvdimm_bus);
+	const unsigned long mask = 1 << ND_CMD_ARS_CAP | 1 << ND_CMD_ARS_START
+		| 1 << ND_CMD_ARS_STATUS;
+
+	return (nd_desc->cmd_mask & mask) == mask;
+}
+
+static umode_t nfit_visible(struct kobject *kobj, struct attribute *a, int n)
+{
+	struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+
+	if (a == &dev_attr_scrub.attr && !ars_supported(nvdimm_bus))
+		return 0;
+	return a->mode;
+}
+
 static struct attribute *acpi_nfit_attributes[] = {
 	&dev_attr_revision.attr,
+	&dev_attr_scrub.attr,
 	NULL,
 };
 
 static struct attribute_group acpi_nfit_attribute_group = {
 	.name = "nfit",
 	.attrs = acpi_nfit_attributes,
+	.is_visible = nfit_visible,
 };
 
 static const struct attribute_group *acpi_nfit_attribute_groups[] = {
@@ -1130,11 +1273,11 @@ static int acpi_nfit_add_dimm(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Until standardization materializes we need to consider up to 3
+	 * Until standardization materializes we need to consider 4
 	 * different command sets.  Note, that checking for function0 (bit0)
 	 * tells us if any commands are reachable through this uuid.
 	 */
-	for (i = NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL; i <= NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE2; i++)
+	for (i = NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL; i <= NVDIMM_FAMILY_MSFT; i++)
 		if (acpi_check_dsm(adev_dimm->handle, to_nfit_uuid(i), 1, 1))
 			break;
 
@@ -1144,12 +1287,14 @@ static int acpi_nfit_add_dimm(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		dsm_mask = 0x3fe;
 		if (disable_vendor_specific)
 			dsm_mask &= ~(1 << ND_CMD_VENDOR);
-	} else if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE1)
+	} else if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE1) {
 		dsm_mask = 0x1c3c76;
-	else if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE2) {
+	} else if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE2) {
 		dsm_mask = 0x1fe;
 		if (disable_vendor_specific)
 			dsm_mask &= ~(1 << 8);
+	} else if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_MSFT) {
+		dsm_mask = 0xffffffff;
 	} else {
 		dev_dbg(dev, "unknown dimm command family\n");
 		nfit_mem->family = -1;
@@ -1171,6 +1316,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_register_dimms(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc)
 	int dimm_count = 0;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_mem, &acpi_desc->dimms, list) {
+		struct acpi_nfit_flush_address *flush;
 		unsigned long flags = 0, cmd_mask;
 		struct nvdimm *nvdimm;
 		u32 device_handle;
@@ -1204,9 +1350,12 @@ static int acpi_nfit_register_dimms(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc)
 		if (nfit_mem->family == NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL)
 			cmd_mask |= nfit_mem->dsm_mask;
 
+		flush = nfit_mem->nfit_flush ? nfit_mem->nfit_flush->flush
+			: NULL;
 		nvdimm = nvdimm_create(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus, nfit_mem,
 				acpi_nfit_dimm_attribute_groups,
-				flags, cmd_mask);
+				flags, cmd_mask, flush ? flush->hint_count : 0,
+				nfit_mem->flush_wpq);
 		if (!nvdimm)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1374,24 +1523,6 @@ static u64 to_interleave_offset(u64 offset, struct nfit_blk_mmio *mmio)
 	return mmio->base_offset + line_offset + table_offset + sub_line_offset;
 }
 
-static void wmb_blk(struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk)
-{
-
-	if (nfit_blk->nvdimm_flush) {
-		/*
-		 * The first wmb() is needed to 'sfence' all previous writes
-		 * such that they are architecturally visible for the platform
-		 * buffer flush.  Note that we've already arranged for pmem
-		 * writes to avoid the cache via arch_memcpy_to_pmem().  The
-		 * final wmb() ensures ordering for the NVDIMM flush write.
-		 */
-		wmb();
-		writeq(1, nfit_blk->nvdimm_flush);
-		wmb();
-	} else
-		wmb_pmem();
-}
-
 static u32 read_blk_stat(struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk, unsigned int bw)
 {
 	struct nfit_blk_mmio *mmio = &nfit_blk->mmio[DCR];
@@ -1426,7 +1557,7 @@ static void write_blk_ctl(struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk, unsigned int bw,
 		offset = to_interleave_offset(offset, mmio);
 
 	writeq(cmd, mmio->addr.base + offset);
-	wmb_blk(nfit_blk);
+	nvdimm_flush(nfit_blk->nd_region);
 
 	if (nfit_blk->dimm_flags & NFIT_BLK_DCR_LATCH)
 		readq(mmio->addr.base + offset);
@@ -1477,7 +1608,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_single_io(struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk,
 	}
 
 	if (rw)
-		wmb_blk(nfit_blk);
+		nvdimm_flush(nfit_blk->nd_region);
 
 	rc = read_blk_stat(nfit_blk, lane) ? -EIO : 0;
 	return rc;
@@ -1509,125 +1640,6 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_do_io(struct nd_blk_region *ndbr,
 	return rc;
 }
 
-static void nfit_spa_mapping_release(struct kref *kref)
-{
-	struct nfit_spa_mapping *spa_map = to_spa_map(kref);
-	struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa = spa_map->spa;
-	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = spa_map->acpi_desc;
-
-	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex));
-	dev_dbg(acpi_desc->dev, "%s: SPA%d\n", __func__, spa->range_index);
-	if (spa_map->type == SPA_MAP_APERTURE)
-		memunmap((void __force *)spa_map->addr.aperture);
-	else
-		iounmap(spa_map->addr.base);
-	release_mem_region(spa->address, spa->length);
-	list_del(&spa_map->list);
-	kfree(spa_map);
-}
-
-static struct nfit_spa_mapping *find_spa_mapping(
-		struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
-		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
-{
-	struct nfit_spa_mapping *spa_map;
-
-	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex));
-	list_for_each_entry(spa_map, &acpi_desc->spa_maps, list)
-		if (spa_map->spa == spa)
-			return spa_map;
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void nfit_spa_unmap(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
-		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
-{
-	struct nfit_spa_mapping *spa_map;
-
-	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex);
-	spa_map = find_spa_mapping(acpi_desc, spa);
-
-	if (spa_map)
-		kref_put(&spa_map->kref, nfit_spa_mapping_release);
-	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex);
-}
-
-static void __iomem *__nfit_spa_map(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
-		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa, enum spa_map_type type)
-{
-	resource_size_t start = spa->address;
-	resource_size_t n = spa->length;
-	struct nfit_spa_mapping *spa_map;
-	struct resource *res;
-
-	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex));
-
-	spa_map = find_spa_mapping(acpi_desc, spa);
-	if (spa_map) {
-		kref_get(&spa_map->kref);
-		return spa_map->addr.base;
-	}
-
-	spa_map = kzalloc(sizeof(*spa_map), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!spa_map)
-		return NULL;
-
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&spa_map->list);
-	spa_map->spa = spa;
-	kref_init(&spa_map->kref);
-	spa_map->acpi_desc = acpi_desc;
-
-	res = request_mem_region(start, n, dev_name(acpi_desc->dev));
-	if (!res)
-		goto err_mem;
-
-	spa_map->type = type;
-	if (type == SPA_MAP_APERTURE)
-		spa_map->addr.aperture = (void __pmem *)memremap(start, n,
-							ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM);
-	else
-		spa_map->addr.base = ioremap_nocache(start, n);
-
-
-	if (!spa_map->addr.base)
-		goto err_map;
-
-	list_add_tail(&spa_map->list, &acpi_desc->spa_maps);
-	return spa_map->addr.base;
-
- err_map:
-	release_mem_region(start, n);
- err_mem:
-	kfree(spa_map);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/**
- * nfit_spa_map - interleave-aware managed-mappings of acpi_nfit_system_address ranges
- * @nvdimm_bus: NFIT-bus that provided the spa table entry
- * @nfit_spa: spa table to map
- * @type: aperture or control region
- *
- * In the case where block-data-window apertures and
- * dimm-control-regions are interleaved they will end up sharing a
- * single request_mem_region() + ioremap() for the address range.  In
- * the style of devm nfit_spa_map() mappings are automatically dropped
- * when all region devices referencing the same mapping are disabled /
- * unbound.
- */
-static void __iomem *nfit_spa_map(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
-		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa, enum spa_map_type type)
-{
-	void __iomem *iomem;
-
-	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex);
-	iomem = __nfit_spa_map(acpi_desc, spa, type);
-	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex);
-
-	return iomem;
-}
-
 static int nfit_blk_init_interleave(struct nfit_blk_mmio *mmio,
 		struct acpi_nfit_interleave *idt, u16 interleave_ways)
 {
@@ -1669,9 +1681,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 		struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc = to_nd_desc(nvdimm_bus);
-	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = to_acpi_desc(nd_desc);
 	struct nd_blk_region *ndbr = to_nd_blk_region(dev);
-	struct nfit_flush *nfit_flush;
 	struct nfit_blk_mmio *mmio;
 	struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk;
 	struct nfit_mem *nfit_mem;
@@ -1697,8 +1707,8 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 	/* map block aperture memory */
 	nfit_blk->bdw_offset = nfit_mem->bdw->offset;
 	mmio = &nfit_blk->mmio[BDW];
-	mmio->addr.base = nfit_spa_map(acpi_desc, nfit_mem->spa_bdw,
-			SPA_MAP_APERTURE);
+	mmio->addr.base = devm_nvdimm_memremap(dev, nfit_mem->spa_bdw->address,
+                        nfit_mem->spa_bdw->length, ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM);
 	if (!mmio->addr.base) {
 		dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %s failed to map bdw\n", __func__,
 				nvdimm_name(nvdimm));
@@ -1720,8 +1730,8 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 	nfit_blk->cmd_offset = nfit_mem->dcr->command_offset;
 	nfit_blk->stat_offset = nfit_mem->dcr->status_offset;
 	mmio = &nfit_blk->mmio[DCR];
-	mmio->addr.base = nfit_spa_map(acpi_desc, nfit_mem->spa_dcr,
-			SPA_MAP_CONTROL);
+	mmio->addr.base = devm_nvdimm_ioremap(dev, nfit_mem->spa_dcr->address,
+			nfit_mem->spa_dcr->length);
 	if (!mmio->addr.base) {
 		dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %s failed to map dcr\n", __func__,
 				nvdimm_name(nvdimm));
@@ -1746,15 +1756,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 		return rc;
 	}
 
-	nfit_flush = nfit_mem->nfit_flush;
-	if (nfit_flush && nfit_flush->flush->hint_count != 0) {
-		nfit_blk->nvdimm_flush = devm_ioremap_nocache(dev,
-				nfit_flush->flush->hint_address[0], 8);
-		if (!nfit_blk->nvdimm_flush)
-			return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-
-	if (!arch_has_wmb_pmem() && !nfit_blk->nvdimm_flush)
+	if (nvdimm_has_flush(nfit_blk->nd_region) < 0)
 		dev_warn(dev, "unable to guarantee persistence of writes\n");
 
 	if (mmio->line_size == 0)
@@ -1773,29 +1775,6 @@ static int acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void acpi_nfit_blk_region_disable(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
-		struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc = to_nd_desc(nvdimm_bus);
-	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = to_acpi_desc(nd_desc);
-	struct nd_blk_region *ndbr = to_nd_blk_region(dev);
-	struct nfit_blk *nfit_blk = nd_blk_region_provider_data(ndbr);
-	int i;
-
-	if (!nfit_blk)
-		return; /* never enabled */
-
-	/* auto-free BLK spa mappings */
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		struct nfit_blk_mmio *mmio = &nfit_blk->mmio[i];
-
-		if (mmio->addr.base)
-			nfit_spa_unmap(acpi_desc, mmio->spa);
-	}
-	nd_blk_region_set_provider_data(ndbr, NULL);
-	/* devm will free nfit_blk */
-}
-
 static int ars_get_cap(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nd_cmd_ars_cap *cmd, struct nfit_spa *nfit_spa)
 {
@@ -1919,11 +1898,11 @@ static int acpi_nfit_insert_resource(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	ret = devm_add_action(acpi_desc->dev, acpi_nfit_remove_resource, res);
-	if (ret) {
-		remove_resource(res);
+	ret = devm_add_action_or_reset(acpi_desc->dev,
+					acpi_nfit_remove_resource,
+					res);
+	if (ret)
 		return ret;
-	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1969,7 +1948,6 @@ static int acpi_nfit_init_mapping(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		ndr_desc->num_mappings = blk_valid;
 		ndbr_desc = to_blk_region_desc(ndr_desc);
 		ndbr_desc->enable = acpi_nfit_blk_region_enable;
-		ndbr_desc->disable = acpi_nfit_blk_region_disable;
 		ndbr_desc->do_io = acpi_desc->blk_do_io;
 		nfit_spa->nd_region = nvdimm_blk_region_create(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus,
 				ndr_desc);
@@ -1981,6 +1959,14 @@ static int acpi_nfit_init_mapping(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool nfit_spa_is_virtual(struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa)
+{
+	return (nfit_spa_type(spa) == NFIT_SPA_VDISK ||
+		nfit_spa_type(spa) == NFIT_SPA_VCD   ||
+		nfit_spa_type(spa) == NFIT_SPA_PDISK ||
+		nfit_spa_type(spa) == NFIT_SPA_PCD);
+}
+
 static int acpi_nfit_register_region(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 		struct nfit_spa *nfit_spa)
 {
@@ -1996,7 +1982,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_register_region(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	if (nfit_spa->nd_region)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (spa->range_index == 0) {
+	if (spa->range_index == 0 && !nfit_spa_is_virtual(spa)) {
 		dev_dbg(acpi_desc->dev, "%s: detected invalid spa index\n",
 				__func__);
 		return 0;
@@ -2060,6 +2046,11 @@ static int acpi_nfit_register_region(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 				ndr_desc);
 		if (!nfit_spa->nd_region)
 			rc = -ENOMEM;
+	} else if (nfit_spa_is_virtual(spa)) {
+		nfit_spa->nd_region = nvdimm_pmem_region_create(nvdimm_bus,
+				ndr_desc);
+		if (!nfit_spa->nd_region)
+			rc = -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
  out:
@@ -2139,7 +2130,7 @@ static void acpi_nfit_async_scrub(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	unsigned int tmo = scrub_timeout;
 	int rc;
 
-	if (nfit_spa->ars_done || !nfit_spa->nd_region)
+	if (!nfit_spa->ars_required || !nfit_spa->nd_region)
 		return;
 
 	rc = ars_start(acpi_desc, nfit_spa);
@@ -2228,7 +2219,9 @@ static void acpi_nfit_scrub(struct work_struct *work)
 	 * firmware initiated scrubs to complete and then we go search for the
 	 * affected spa regions to mark them scanned.  In the second phase we
 	 * initiate a directed scrub for every range that was not scrubbed in
-	 * phase 1.
+	 * phase 1. If we're called for a 'rescan', we harmlessly pass through
+	 * the first phase, but really only care about running phase 2, where
+	 * regions can be notified of new poison.
 	 */
 
 	/* process platform firmware initiated scrubs */
@@ -2331,14 +2324,17 @@ static void acpi_nfit_scrub(struct work_struct *work)
 		 * Flag all the ranges that still need scrubbing, but
 		 * register them now to make data available.
 		 */
-		if (nfit_spa->nd_region)
-			nfit_spa->ars_done = 1;
-		else
+		if (!nfit_spa->nd_region) {
+			nfit_spa->ars_required = 1;
 			acpi_nfit_register_region(acpi_desc, nfit_spa);
+		}
 	}
 
 	list_for_each_entry(nfit_spa, &acpi_desc->spas, list)
 		acpi_nfit_async_scrub(acpi_desc, nfit_spa);
+	acpi_desc->scrub_count++;
+	if (acpi_desc->scrub_count_state)
+		sysfs_notify_dirent(acpi_desc->scrub_count_state);
 	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
 }
 
@@ -2376,14 +2372,89 @@ static int acpi_nfit_check_deletions(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, acpi_size sz)
+static int acpi_nfit_desc_init_scrub_attr(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc)
+{
+	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
+	struct kernfs_node *nfit;
+	struct device *bus_dev;
+
+	if (!ars_supported(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus))
+		return 0;
+
+	bus_dev = to_nvdimm_bus_dev(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus);
+	nfit = sysfs_get_dirent(bus_dev->kobj.sd, "nfit");
+	if (!nfit) {
+		dev_err(dev, "sysfs_get_dirent 'nfit' failed\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+	acpi_desc->scrub_count_state = sysfs_get_dirent(nfit, "scrub");
+	sysfs_put(nfit);
+	if (!acpi_desc->scrub_count_state) {
+		dev_err(dev, "sysfs_get_dirent 'scrub' failed\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void acpi_nfit_destruct(void *data)
+{
+	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = data;
+	struct device *bus_dev = to_nvdimm_bus_dev(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus);
+
+	/*
+	 * Destruct under acpi_desc_lock so that nfit_handle_mce does not
+	 * race teardown
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+	acpi_desc->cancel = 1;
+	/*
+	 * Bounce the nvdimm bus lock to make sure any in-flight
+	 * acpi_nfit_ars_rescan() submissions have had a chance to
+	 * either submit or see ->cancel set.
+	 */
+	device_lock(bus_dev);
+	device_unlock(bus_dev);
+
+	flush_workqueue(nfit_wq);
+	if (acpi_desc->scrub_count_state)
+		sysfs_put(acpi_desc->scrub_count_state);
+	nvdimm_bus_unregister(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus);
+	acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus = NULL;
+	list_del(&acpi_desc->list);
+	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+}
+
+int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, void *data, acpi_size sz)
 {
 	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
 	struct nfit_table_prev prev;
 	const void *end;
-	u8 *data;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (!acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus) {
+		acpi_nfit_init_dsms(acpi_desc);
+
+		acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus_register(dev,
+				&acpi_desc->nd_desc);
+		if (!acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		rc = devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, acpi_nfit_destruct,
+				acpi_desc);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+
+		rc = acpi_nfit_desc_init_scrub_attr(acpi_desc);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+
+		/* register this acpi_desc for mce notifications */
+		mutex_lock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+		list_add_tail(&acpi_desc->list, &acpi_descs);
+		mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+	}
+
 	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&prev.spas);
@@ -2406,7 +2477,6 @@ int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, acpi_size sz)
 	list_cut_position(&prev.flushes, &acpi_desc->flushes,
 				acpi_desc->flushes.prev);
 
-	data = (u8 *) acpi_desc->nfit;
 	end = data + sz;
 	while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(data))
 		data = add_table(acpi_desc, &prev, data, end);
@@ -2422,12 +2492,9 @@ int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, acpi_size sz)
 	if (rc)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
-	if (nfit_mem_init(acpi_desc) != 0) {
-		rc = -ENOMEM;
+	rc = nfit_mem_init(acpi_desc);
+	if (rc)
 		goto out_unlock;
-	}
-
-	acpi_nfit_init_dsms(acpi_desc);
 
 	rc = acpi_nfit_register_dimms(acpi_desc);
 	if (rc)
@@ -2496,6 +2563,33 @@ static int acpi_nfit_clear_to_send(struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int acpi_nfit_ars_rescan(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc)
+{
+	struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
+	struct nfit_spa *nfit_spa;
+
+	if (work_busy(&acpi_desc->work))
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	if (acpi_desc->cancel)
+		return 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
+	list_for_each_entry(nfit_spa, &acpi_desc->spas, list) {
+		struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa = nfit_spa->spa;
+
+		if (nfit_spa_type(spa) != NFIT_SPA_PM)
+			continue;
+
+		nfit_spa->ars_required = 1;
+	}
+	queue_work(nfit_wq, &acpi_desc->work);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: ars_scan triggered\n", __func__);
+	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void acpi_nfit_desc_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc;
@@ -2505,12 +2599,12 @@ void acpi_nfit_desc_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, struct device *dev)
 	acpi_desc->blk_do_io = acpi_nfit_blk_region_do_io;
 	nd_desc = &acpi_desc->nd_desc;
 	nd_desc->provider_name = "ACPI.NFIT";
+	nd_desc->module = THIS_MODULE;
 	nd_desc->ndctl = acpi_nfit_ctl;
 	nd_desc->flush_probe = acpi_nfit_flush_probe;
 	nd_desc->clear_to_send = acpi_nfit_clear_to_send;
 	nd_desc->attr_groups = acpi_nfit_attribute_groups;
 
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->spa_maps);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->spas);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->dcrs);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->bdws);
@@ -2518,7 +2612,7 @@ void acpi_nfit_desc_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, struct device *dev)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->flushes);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->memdevs);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->dimms);
-	mutex_init(&acpi_desc->spa_map_mutex);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&acpi_desc->list);
 	mutex_init(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
 	INIT_WORK(&acpi_desc->work, acpi_nfit_scrub);
 }
@@ -2532,7 +2626,7 @@ static int acpi_nfit_add(struct acpi_device *adev)
 	struct acpi_table_header *tbl;
 	acpi_status status = AE_OK;
 	acpi_size sz;
-	int rc;
+	int rc = 0;
 
 	status = acpi_get_table_with_size(ACPI_SIG_NFIT, 0, &tbl, &sz);
 	if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
@@ -2545,50 +2639,33 @@ static int acpi_nfit_add(struct acpi_device *adev)
 	if (!acpi_desc)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	acpi_nfit_desc_init(acpi_desc, &adev->dev);
-	acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus_register(dev, &acpi_desc->nd_desc);
-	if (!acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus)
-		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	/*
-	 * Save the acpi header for later and then skip it,
-	 * making nfit point to the first nfit table header.
-	 */
+	/* Save the acpi header for exporting the revision via sysfs */
 	acpi_desc->acpi_header = *tbl;
-	acpi_desc->nfit = (void *) tbl + sizeof(struct acpi_table_nfit);
-	sz -= sizeof(struct acpi_table_nfit);
 
 	/* Evaluate _FIT and override with that if present */
 	status = acpi_evaluate_object(adev->handle, "_FIT", NULL, &buf);
 	if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status) && buf.length > 0) {
-		union acpi_object *obj;
-		/*
-		 * Adjust for the acpi_object header of the _FIT
-		 */
-		obj = buf.pointer;
-		if (obj->type == ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER) {
-			acpi_desc->nfit =
-				(struct acpi_nfit_header *)obj->buffer.pointer;
-			sz = obj->buffer.length;
-		} else
+		union acpi_object *obj = buf.pointer;
+
+		if (obj->type == ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER)
+			rc = acpi_nfit_init(acpi_desc, obj->buffer.pointer,
+					obj->buffer.length);
+		else
 			dev_dbg(dev, "%s invalid type %d, ignoring _FIT\n",
 				 __func__, (int) obj->type);
-	}
-
-	rc = acpi_nfit_init(acpi_desc, sz);
-	if (rc) {
-		nvdimm_bus_unregister(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus);
-		return rc;
-	}
-	return 0;
+		kfree(buf.pointer);
+	} else
+		/* skip over the lead-in header table */
+		rc = acpi_nfit_init(acpi_desc, (void *) tbl
+				+ sizeof(struct acpi_table_nfit),
+				sz - sizeof(struct acpi_table_nfit));
+	return rc;
 }
 
 static int acpi_nfit_remove(struct acpi_device *adev)
 {
-	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = dev_get_drvdata(&adev->dev);
-
-	acpi_desc->cancel = 1;
-	flush_workqueue(nfit_wq);
-	nvdimm_bus_unregister(acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus);
+	/* see acpi_nfit_destruct */
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2596,9 +2673,8 @@ static void acpi_nfit_notify(struct acpi_device *adev, u32 event)
 {
 	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc = dev_get_drvdata(&adev->dev);
 	struct acpi_buffer buf = { ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER, NULL };
-	struct acpi_nfit_header *nfit_saved;
-	union acpi_object *obj;
 	struct device *dev = &adev->dev;
+	union acpi_object *obj;
 	acpi_status status;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -2616,9 +2692,6 @@ static void acpi_nfit_notify(struct acpi_device *adev, u32 event)
 		if (!acpi_desc)
 			goto out_unlock;
 		acpi_nfit_desc_init(acpi_desc, &adev->dev);
-		acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus_register(dev, &acpi_desc->nd_desc);
-		if (!acpi_desc->nvdimm_bus)
-			goto out_unlock;
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * Finish previous registration before considering new
@@ -2634,21 +2707,14 @@ static void acpi_nfit_notify(struct acpi_device *adev, u32 event)
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	nfit_saved = acpi_desc->nfit;
 	obj = buf.pointer;
 	if (obj->type == ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER) {
-		acpi_desc->nfit =
-			(struct acpi_nfit_header *)obj->buffer.pointer;
-		ret = acpi_nfit_init(acpi_desc, obj->buffer.length);
-		if (ret) {
-			/* Merge failed, restore old nfit, and exit */
-			acpi_desc->nfit = nfit_saved;
+		ret = acpi_nfit_init(acpi_desc, obj->buffer.pointer,
+				obj->buffer.length);
+		if (ret)
 			dev_err(dev, "failed to merge updated NFIT\n");
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* Bad _FIT, restore old nfit */
+	} else
 		dev_err(dev, "Invalid _FIT\n");
-	}
 	kfree(buf.pointer);
 
  out_unlock:
@@ -2693,18 +2759,23 @@ static __init int nfit_init(void)
 	acpi_str_to_uuid(UUID_NFIT_DIMM, nfit_uuid[NFIT_DEV_DIMM]);
 	acpi_str_to_uuid(UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_HPE1, nfit_uuid[NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_HPE1]);
 	acpi_str_to_uuid(UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_HPE2, nfit_uuid[NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_HPE2]);
+	acpi_str_to_uuid(UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_MSFT, nfit_uuid[NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_MSFT]);
 
 	nfit_wq = create_singlethread_workqueue("nfit");
 	if (!nfit_wq)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	nfit_mce_register();
+
 	return acpi_bus_register_driver(&acpi_nfit_driver);
 }
 
 static __exit void nfit_exit(void)
 {
+	nfit_mce_unregister();
 	acpi_bus_unregister_driver(&acpi_nfit_driver);
 	destroy_workqueue(nfit_wq);
+	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&acpi_descs));
 }
 
 module_init(nfit_init);
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit/mce.c b/drivers/acpi/nfit/mce.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c745bf389fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/mce.c
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * NFIT - Machine Check Handler
+ *
+ * Copyright(c) 2013-2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+#include <linux/notifier.h>
+#include <linux/acpi.h>
+#include <asm/mce.h>
+#include "nfit.h"
+
+static int nfit_handle_mce(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
+			void *data)
+{
+	struct mce *mce = (struct mce *)data;
+	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc;
+	struct nfit_spa *nfit_spa;
+
+	/* We only care about memory errors */
+	if (!(mce->status & MCACOD))
+		return NOTIFY_DONE;
+
+	/*
+	 * mce->addr contains the physical addr accessed that caused the
+	 * machine check. We need to walk through the list of NFITs, and see
+	 * if any of them matches that address, and only then start a scrub.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(acpi_desc, &acpi_descs, list) {
+		struct device *dev = acpi_desc->dev;
+		int found_match = 0;
+
+		mutex_lock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
+		list_for_each_entry(nfit_spa, &acpi_desc->spas, list) {
+			struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa = nfit_spa->spa;
+
+			if (nfit_spa_type(spa) == NFIT_SPA_PM)
+				continue;
+			/* find the spa that covers the mce addr */
+			if (spa->address > mce->addr)
+				continue;
+			if ((spa->address + spa->length - 1) < mce->addr)
+				continue;
+			found_match = 1;
+			dev_dbg(dev, "%s: addr in SPA %d (0x%llx, 0x%llx)\n",
+				__func__, spa->range_index, spa->address,
+				spa->length);
+			/*
+			 * We can break at the first match because we're going
+			 * to rescan all the SPA ranges. There shouldn't be any
+			 * aliasing anyway.
+			 */
+			break;
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc->init_mutex);
+
+		/*
+		 * We can ignore an -EBUSY here because if an ARS is already
+		 * in progress, just let that be the last authoritative one
+		 */
+		if (found_match)
+			acpi_nfit_ars_rescan(acpi_desc);
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&acpi_desc_lock);
+	return NOTIFY_DONE;
+}
+
+static struct notifier_block nfit_mce_dec = {
+	.notifier_call	= nfit_handle_mce,
+};
+
+void nfit_mce_register(void)
+{
+	mce_register_decode_chain(&nfit_mce_dec);
+}
+
+void nfit_mce_unregister(void)
+{
+	mce_unregister_decode_chain(&nfit_mce_dec);
+}
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/nfit.h b/drivers/acpi/nfit/nfit.h
index 02b9ea1e8d2e..e894ded24d99 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/nfit.h
+++ b/drivers/acpi/nfit/nfit.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define __NFIT_H__
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 #include <linux/libnvdimm.h>
+#include <linux/ndctl.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/uuid.h>
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@
 #define UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_HPE1 "9002c334-acf3-4c0e-9642-a235f0d53bc6"
 #define UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_HPE2 "5008664b-b758-41a0-a03c-27c2f2d04f7e"
 
+/* https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/mt604741 */
+#define UUID_NFIT_DIMM_N_MSFT "1ee68b36-d4bd-4a1a-9a16-4f8e53d46e05"
+
 #define ACPI_NFIT_MEM_FAILED_MASK (ACPI_NFIT_MEM_SAVE_FAILED \
 		| ACPI_NFIT_MEM_RESTORE_FAILED | ACPI_NFIT_MEM_FLUSH_FAILED \
 		| ACPI_NFIT_MEM_NOT_ARMED)
@@ -40,6 +44,7 @@ enum nfit_uuids {
 	NFIT_DEV_DIMM = NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL,
 	NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_HPE1 = NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE1,
 	NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_HPE2 = NVDIMM_FAMILY_HPE2,
+	NFIT_DEV_DIMM_N_MSFT = NVDIMM_FAMILY_MSFT,
 	NFIT_SPA_VOLATILE,
 	NFIT_SPA_PM,
 	NFIT_SPA_DCR,
@@ -74,37 +79,37 @@ enum {
 };
 
 struct nfit_spa {
-	struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa;
 	struct list_head list;
 	struct nd_region *nd_region;
-	unsigned int ars_done:1;
+	unsigned int ars_required:1;
 	u32 clear_err_unit;
 	u32 max_ars;
+	struct acpi_nfit_system_address spa[0];
 };
 
 struct nfit_dcr {
-	struct acpi_nfit_control_region *dcr;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct acpi_nfit_control_region dcr[0];
 };
 
 struct nfit_bdw {
-	struct acpi_nfit_data_region *bdw;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct acpi_nfit_data_region bdw[0];
 };
 
 struct nfit_idt {
-	struct acpi_nfit_interleave *idt;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct acpi_nfit_interleave idt[0];
 };
 
 struct nfit_flush {
-	struct acpi_nfit_flush_address *flush;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct acpi_nfit_flush_address flush[0];
 };
 
 struct nfit_memdev {
-	struct acpi_nfit_memory_map *memdev;
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct acpi_nfit_memory_map memdev[0];
 };
 
 /* assembled tables for a given dimm/memory-device */
@@ -123,6 +128,7 @@ struct nfit_mem {
 	struct list_head list;
 	struct acpi_device *adev;
 	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc;
+	struct resource *flush_wpq;
 	unsigned long dsm_mask;
 	int family;
 };
@@ -130,10 +136,7 @@ struct nfit_mem {
 struct acpi_nfit_desc {
 	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor nd_desc;
 	struct acpi_table_header acpi_header;
-	struct acpi_nfit_header *nfit;
-	struct mutex spa_map_mutex;
 	struct mutex init_mutex;
-	struct list_head spa_maps;
 	struct list_head memdevs;
 	struct list_head flushes;
 	struct list_head dimms;
@@ -146,6 +149,9 @@ struct acpi_nfit_desc {
 	struct nd_cmd_ars_status *ars_status;
 	size_t ars_status_size;
 	struct work_struct work;
+	struct list_head list;
+	struct kernfs_node *scrub_count_state;
+	unsigned int scrub_count;
 	unsigned int cancel:1;
 	unsigned long dimm_cmd_force_en;
 	unsigned long bus_cmd_force_en;
@@ -161,7 +167,7 @@ enum nd_blk_mmio_selector {
 struct nd_blk_addr {
 	union {
 		void __iomem *base;
-		void __pmem  *aperture;
+		void *aperture;
 	};
 };
 
@@ -180,28 +186,26 @@ struct nfit_blk {
 	u64 bdw_offset; /* post interleave offset */
 	u64 stat_offset;
 	u64 cmd_offset;
-	void __iomem *nvdimm_flush;
 	u32 dimm_flags;
 };
 
-enum spa_map_type {
-	SPA_MAP_CONTROL,
-	SPA_MAP_APERTURE,
-};
-
-struct nfit_spa_mapping {
-	struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc;
-	struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa;
-	struct list_head list;
-	struct kref kref;
-	enum spa_map_type type;
-	struct nd_blk_addr addr;
-};
+extern struct list_head acpi_descs;
+extern struct mutex acpi_desc_lock;
+int acpi_nfit_ars_rescan(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc);
 
-static inline struct nfit_spa_mapping *to_spa_map(struct kref *kref)
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
+void nfit_mce_register(void);
+void nfit_mce_unregister(void);
+#else
+static inline void nfit_mce_register(void)
 {
-	return container_of(kref, struct nfit_spa_mapping, kref);
 }
+static inline void nfit_mce_unregister(void)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+int nfit_spa_type(struct acpi_nfit_system_address *spa);
 
 static inline struct acpi_nfit_memory_map *__to_nfit_memdev(
 		struct nfit_mem *nfit_mem)
@@ -218,6 +222,6 @@ static inline struct acpi_nfit_desc *to_acpi_desc(
 }
 
 const u8 *to_nfit_uuid(enum nfit_uuids id);
-int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *nfit, acpi_size sz);
+int acpi_nfit_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, void *nfit, acpi_size sz);
 void acpi_nfit_desc_init(struct acpi_nfit_desc *acpi_desc, struct device *dev);
 #endif /* __NFIT_H__ */
diff --git a/drivers/block/brd.c b/drivers/block/brd.c
index ba5145d384d8..3022dad24071 100644
--- a/drivers/block/brd.c
+++ b/drivers/block/brd.c
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ static int brd_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_DAX
 static long brd_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
-			void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+			void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct brd_device *brd = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
 	struct page *page;
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ static long brd_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
 	page = brd_insert_page(brd, sector);
 	if (!page)
 		return -ENOSPC;
-	*kaddr = (void __pmem *)page_address(page);
+	*kaddr = page_address(page);
 	*pfn = page_to_pfn_t(page);
 
 	return PAGE_SIZE;
diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax.c b/drivers/dax/dax.c
index b891a129b275..803f3953b341 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/dax.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/dax.c
@@ -211,11 +211,9 @@ int devm_create_dax_dev(struct dax_region *dax_region, struct resource *res,
 	}
 	dax_dev->dev = dev;
 
-	rc = devm_add_action(dax_region->dev, unregister_dax_dev, dev);
-	if (rc) {
-		unregister_dax_dev(dev);
+	rc = devm_add_action_or_reset(dax_region->dev, unregister_dax_dev, dev);
+	if (rc)
 		return rc;
-	}
 
 	return 0;
 
diff --git a/drivers/dax/pmem.c b/drivers/dax/pmem.c
index 55d510e36cd1..dfb168568af1 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/pmem.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/pmem.c
@@ -102,21 +102,19 @@ static int dax_pmem_probe(struct device *dev)
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
-	rc = devm_add_action(dev, dax_pmem_percpu_exit, &dax_pmem->ref);
-	if (rc) {
-		dax_pmem_percpu_exit(&dax_pmem->ref);
+	rc = devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, dax_pmem_percpu_exit,
+							&dax_pmem->ref);
+	if (rc)
 		return rc;
-	}
 
 	addr = devm_memremap_pages(dev, &res, &dax_pmem->ref, altmap);
 	if (IS_ERR(addr))
 		return PTR_ERR(addr);
 
-	rc = devm_add_action(dev, dax_pmem_percpu_kill, &dax_pmem->ref);
-	if (rc) {
-		dax_pmem_percpu_kill(&dax_pmem->ref);
+	rc = devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, dax_pmem_percpu_kill,
+							&dax_pmem->ref);
+	if (rc)
 		return rc;
-	}
 
 	nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
 	dax_region = alloc_dax_region(dev, nd_region->id, &res,
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-linear.c b/drivers/md/dm-linear.c
index 6d35dd4e9efb..4788b0b989a9 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-linear.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-linear.c
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static int linear_iterate_devices(struct dm_target *ti,
 }
 
 static long linear_direct_access(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t sector,
-				 void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+				 void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct linear_c *lc = ti->private;
 	struct block_device *bdev = lc->dev->bdev;
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-snap.c b/drivers/md/dm-snap.c
index 731e1f5bd895..ce2a910709f7 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-snap.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-snap.c
@@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ static int origin_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static long origin_direct_access(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t sector,
-		void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+		void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	DMWARN("device does not support dax.");
 	return -EIO;
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c b/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
index 01bb9cf2a8c2..83f1d4667195 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ static int stripe_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
 }
 
 static long stripe_direct_access(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t sector,
-				 void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+				 void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct stripe_c *sc = ti->private;
 	uint32_t stripe;
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-target.c b/drivers/md/dm-target.c
index 6eecd6b36f76..710ae28fd618 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-target.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-target.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void io_err_release_clone_rq(struct request *clone)
 }
 
 static long io_err_direct_access(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t sector,
-				 void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+				 void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	return -EIO;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm.c b/drivers/md/dm.c
index ceb69fc0b10b..25d1d97154a8 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm.c
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ int dm_set_target_max_io_len(struct dm_target *ti, sector_t len)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_set_target_max_io_len);
 
 static long dm_blk_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
-				 void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+				 void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct mapped_device *md = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
 	struct dm_table *map;
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/Kconfig b/drivers/nvdimm/Kconfig
index 7c8a3bf07884..124c2432ac9c 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/Kconfig
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 menuconfig LIBNVDIMM
 	tristate "NVDIMM (Non-Volatile Memory Device) Support"
 	depends on PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
+	depends on HAS_IOMEM
 	depends on BLK_DEV
 	help
 	  Generic support for non-volatile memory devices including
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ if LIBNVDIMM
 config BLK_DEV_PMEM
 	tristate "PMEM: Persistent memory block device support"
 	default LIBNVDIMM
-	depends on HAS_IOMEM
 	select ND_BTT if BTT
 	select ND_PFN if NVDIMM_PFN
 	help
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/blk.c b/drivers/nvdimm/blk.c
index 7e262ef06ede..9faaa9694d87 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/blk.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/blk.c
@@ -267,10 +267,8 @@ static int nsblk_attach_disk(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
 	q = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!q)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	if (devm_add_action(dev, nd_blk_release_queue, q)) {
-		blk_cleanup_queue(q);
+	if (devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, nd_blk_release_queue, q))
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 
 	blk_queue_make_request(q, nd_blk_make_request);
 	blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(q, UINT_MAX);
@@ -282,10 +280,6 @@ static int nsblk_attach_disk(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
 	disk = alloc_disk(0);
 	if (!disk)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	if (devm_add_action(dev, nd_blk_release_disk, disk)) {
-		put_disk(disk);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 
 	disk->first_minor	= 0;
 	disk->fops		= &nd_blk_fops;
@@ -295,6 +289,9 @@ static int nsblk_attach_disk(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
 	set_capacity(disk, 0);
 	device_add_disk(dev, disk);
 
+	if (devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, nd_blk_release_disk, disk))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	if (nsblk_meta_size(nsblk)) {
 		int rc = nd_integrity_init(disk, nsblk_meta_size(nsblk));
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
index 816d0dae6398..3fa7919f94a8 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/btt_devs.c
@@ -198,8 +198,7 @@ struct device *nd_btt_create(struct nd_region *nd_region)
 {
 	struct device *dev = __nd_btt_create(nd_region, 0, NULL, NULL);
 
-	if (dev)
-		__nd_device_register(dev);
+	__nd_device_register(dev);
 	return dev;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c b/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
index 5e4e5c772ea5..458daf927336 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/bus.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 int nvdimm_major;
 static int nvdimm_bus_major;
 static struct class *nd_class;
+static DEFINE_IDA(nd_ida);
 
 static int to_nd_device_type(struct device *dev)
 {
@@ -60,20 +61,13 @@ static int nvdimm_bus_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
 			to_nd_device_type(dev));
 }
 
-static int nvdimm_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
-{
-	struct nd_device_driver *nd_drv = to_nd_device_driver(drv);
-
-	return !!test_bit(to_nd_device_type(dev), &nd_drv->type);
-}
-
 static struct module *to_bus_provider(struct device *dev)
 {
 	/* pin bus providers while regions are enabled */
 	if (is_nd_pmem(dev) || is_nd_blk(dev)) {
 		struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
 
-		return nvdimm_bus->module;
+		return nvdimm_bus->nd_desc->module;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -136,6 +130,21 @@ static int nvdimm_bus_remove(struct device *dev)
 	return rc;
 }
 
+static void nvdimm_bus_shutdown(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	struct nd_device_driver *nd_drv = NULL;
+
+	if (dev->driver)
+		nd_drv = to_nd_device_driver(dev->driver);
+
+	if (nd_drv && nd_drv->shutdown) {
+		nd_drv->shutdown(dev);
+		dev_dbg(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "%s.shutdown(%s)\n",
+				dev->driver->name, dev_name(dev));
+	}
+}
+
 void nd_device_notify(struct device *dev, enum nvdimm_event event)
 {
 	device_lock(dev);
@@ -208,14 +217,187 @@ long nvdimm_clear_poison(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t phys,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_clear_poison);
 
+static int nvdimm_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
+
 static struct bus_type nvdimm_bus_type = {
 	.name = "nd",
 	.uevent = nvdimm_bus_uevent,
 	.match = nvdimm_bus_match,
 	.probe = nvdimm_bus_probe,
 	.remove = nvdimm_bus_remove,
+	.shutdown = nvdimm_bus_shutdown,
+};
+
+static void nvdimm_bus_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+
+	nvdimm_bus = container_of(dev, struct nvdimm_bus, dev);
+	ida_simple_remove(&nd_ida, nvdimm_bus->id);
+	kfree(nvdimm_bus);
+}
+
+static bool is_nvdimm_bus(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->release == nvdimm_bus_release;
+}
+
+struct nvdimm_bus *walk_to_nvdimm_bus(struct device *nd_dev)
+{
+	struct device *dev;
+
+	for (dev = nd_dev; dev; dev = dev->parent)
+		if (is_nvdimm_bus(dev))
+			break;
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(nd_dev, !dev, "invalid dev, not on nd bus\n");
+	if (dev)
+		return to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct nvdimm_bus *to_nvdimm_bus(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+
+	nvdimm_bus = container_of(dev, struct nvdimm_bus, dev);
+	WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus(dev));
+	return nvdimm_bus;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(to_nvdimm_bus);
+
+struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus_register(struct device *parent,
+		struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+	int rc;
+
+	nvdimm_bus = kzalloc(sizeof(*nvdimm_bus), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nvdimm_bus)
+		return NULL;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_bus->list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_bus->mapping_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_bus->poison_list);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&nvdimm_bus->probe_wait);
+	nvdimm_bus->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
+	mutex_init(&nvdimm_bus->reconfig_mutex);
+	if (nvdimm_bus->id < 0) {
+		kfree(nvdimm_bus);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	nvdimm_bus->nd_desc = nd_desc;
+	nvdimm_bus->dev.parent = parent;
+	nvdimm_bus->dev.release = nvdimm_bus_release;
+	nvdimm_bus->dev.groups = nd_desc->attr_groups;
+	nvdimm_bus->dev.bus = &nvdimm_bus_type;
+	dev_set_name(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "ndbus%d", nvdimm_bus->id);
+	rc = device_register(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+	if (rc) {
+		dev_dbg(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "registration failed: %d\n", rc);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	return nvdimm_bus;
+ err:
+	put_device(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+	return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_register);
+
+void nvdimm_bus_unregister(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
+{
+	if (!nvdimm_bus)
+		return;
+	device_unregister(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_unregister);
+
+static int child_unregister(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	/*
+	 * the singular ndctl class device per bus needs to be
+	 * "device_destroy"ed, so skip it here
+	 *
+	 * i.e. remove classless children
+	 */
+	if (dev->class)
+		/* pass */;
+	else
+		nd_device_unregister(dev, ND_SYNC);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_poison_list(struct list_head *poison_list)
+{
+	struct nd_poison *pl, *next;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(pl, next, poison_list, list) {
+		list_del(&pl->list);
+		kfree(pl);
+	}
+	list_del_init(poison_list);
+}
+
+static int nd_bus_remove(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+
+	mutex_lock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
+	list_del_init(&nvdimm_bus->list);
+	mutex_unlock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
+
+	nd_synchronize();
+	device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, NULL, child_unregister);
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+	free_poison_list(&nvdimm_bus->poison_list);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+
+	nvdimm_bus_destroy_ndctl(nvdimm_bus);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int nd_bus_probe(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = nvdimm_bus_create_ndctl(nvdimm_bus);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	mutex_lock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
+	list_add_tail(&nvdimm_bus->list, &nvdimm_bus_list);
+	mutex_unlock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
+
+	/* enable bus provider attributes to look up their local context */
+	dev_set_drvdata(dev, nvdimm_bus->nd_desc);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct nd_device_driver nd_bus_driver = {
+	.probe = nd_bus_probe,
+	.remove = nd_bus_remove,
+	.drv = {
+		.name = "nd_bus",
+		.suppress_bind_attrs = true,
+		.bus = &nvdimm_bus_type,
+		.owner = THIS_MODULE,
+		.mod_name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
+	},
 };
 
+static int nvdimm_bus_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
+{
+	struct nd_device_driver *nd_drv = to_nd_device_driver(drv);
+
+	if (is_nvdimm_bus(dev) && nd_drv == &nd_bus_driver)
+		return true;
+
+	return !!test_bit(to_nd_device_type(dev), &nd_drv->type);
+}
+
 static ASYNC_DOMAIN_EXCLUSIVE(nd_async_domain);
 
 void nd_synchronize(void)
@@ -395,12 +577,10 @@ int nvdimm_bus_create_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
 	dev = device_create(nd_class, &nvdimm_bus->dev, devt, nvdimm_bus,
 			"ndctl%d", nvdimm_bus->id);
 
-	if (IS_ERR(dev)) {
+	if (IS_ERR(dev))
 		dev_dbg(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "failed to register ndctl%d: %ld\n",
 				nvdimm_bus->id, PTR_ERR(dev));
-		return PTR_ERR(dev);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dev);
 }
 
 void nvdimm_bus_destroy_ndctl(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
@@ -850,8 +1030,14 @@ int __init nvdimm_bus_init(void)
 		goto err_class;
 	}
 
+	rc = driver_register(&nd_bus_driver.drv);
+	if (rc)
+		goto err_nd_bus;
+
 	return 0;
 
+ err_nd_bus:
+	class_destroy(nd_class);
  err_class:
 	unregister_chrdev(nvdimm_major, "dimmctl");
  err_dimm_chrdev:
@@ -864,8 +1050,10 @@ int __init nvdimm_bus_init(void)
 
 void nvdimm_bus_exit(void)
 {
+	driver_unregister(&nd_bus_driver.drv);
 	class_destroy(nd_class);
 	unregister_chrdev(nvdimm_bus_major, "ndctl");
 	unregister_chrdev(nvdimm_major, "dimmctl");
 	bus_unregister(&nvdimm_bus_type);
+	ida_destroy(&nd_ida);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c b/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
index 8b2e3c4fb0ad..d5dc80c48b4c 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/claim.c
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ static int nsio_rw_bytes(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns,
 		return memcpy_from_pmem(buf, nsio->addr + offset, size);
 	} else {
 		memcpy_to_pmem(nsio->addr + offset, buf, size);
-		wmb_pmem();
+		nvdimm_flush(to_nd_region(ndns->dev.parent));
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -266,9 +266,8 @@ int devm_nsio_enable(struct device *dev, struct nd_namespace_io *nsio)
 
 	nsio->addr = devm_memremap(dev, res->start, resource_size(res),
 			ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM);
-	if (IS_ERR(nsio->addr))
-		return PTR_ERR(nsio->addr);
-	return 0;
+
+	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(nsio->addr);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_nsio_enable);
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/core.c b/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
index be89764315c2..715583f69d28 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/core.c
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 #include <linux/ndctl.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
 #include "nd-core.h"
 #include "nd.h"
 
 LIST_HEAD(nvdimm_bus_list);
 DEFINE_MUTEX(nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
-static DEFINE_IDA(nd_ida);
 
 void nvdimm_bus_lock(struct device *dev)
 {
@@ -57,6 +57,127 @@ bool is_nvdimm_bus_locked(struct device *dev)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(is_nvdimm_bus_locked);
 
+struct nvdimm_map {
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+	struct list_head list;
+	resource_size_t offset;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	size_t size;
+	union {
+		void *mem;
+		void __iomem *iomem;
+	};
+	struct kref kref;
+};
+
+static struct nvdimm_map *find_nvdimm_map(struct device *dev,
+		resource_size_t offset)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	struct nvdimm_map *nvdimm_map;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(nvdimm_map, &nvdimm_bus->mapping_list, list)
+		if (nvdimm_map->offset == offset)
+			return nvdimm_map;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct nvdimm_map *alloc_nvdimm_map(struct device *dev,
+		resource_size_t offset, size_t size, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+	struct nvdimm_map *nvdimm_map;
+
+	nvdimm_map = kzalloc(sizeof(*nvdimm_map), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nvdimm_map)
+		return NULL;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_map->list);
+	nvdimm_map->nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus;
+	nvdimm_map->offset = offset;
+	nvdimm_map->flags = flags;
+	nvdimm_map->size = size;
+	kref_init(&nvdimm_map->kref);
+
+	if (!request_mem_region(offset, size, dev_name(&nvdimm_bus->dev)))
+		goto err_request_region;
+
+	if (flags)
+		nvdimm_map->mem = memremap(offset, size, flags);
+	else
+		nvdimm_map->iomem = ioremap(offset, size);
+
+	if (!nvdimm_map->mem)
+		goto err_map;
+
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, !is_nvdimm_bus_locked(dev), "%s: bus unlocked!",
+			__func__);
+	list_add(&nvdimm_map->list, &nvdimm_bus->mapping_list);
+
+	return nvdimm_map;
+
+ err_map:
+	release_mem_region(offset, size);
+ err_request_region:
+	kfree(nvdimm_map);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void nvdimm_map_release(struct kref *kref)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+	struct nvdimm_map *nvdimm_map;
+
+	nvdimm_map = container_of(kref, struct nvdimm_map, kref);
+	nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_map->nvdimm_bus;
+
+	dev_dbg(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "%s: %pa\n", __func__, &nvdimm_map->offset);
+	list_del(&nvdimm_map->list);
+	if (nvdimm_map->flags)
+		memunmap(nvdimm_map->mem);
+	else
+		iounmap(nvdimm_map->iomem);
+	release_mem_region(nvdimm_map->offset, nvdimm_map->size);
+	kfree(nvdimm_map);
+}
+
+static void nvdimm_map_put(void *data)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_map *nvdimm_map = data;
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_map->nvdimm_bus;
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+	kref_put(&nvdimm_map->kref, nvdimm_map_release);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
+}
+
+/**
+ * devm_nvdimm_memremap - map a resource that is shared across regions
+ * @dev: device that will own a reference to the shared mapping
+ * @offset: physical base address of the mapping
+ * @size: mapping size
+ * @flags: memremap flags, or, if zero, perform an ioremap instead
+ */
+void *devm_nvdimm_memremap(struct device *dev, resource_size_t offset,
+		size_t size, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_map *nvdimm_map;
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_map = find_nvdimm_map(dev, offset);
+	if (!nvdimm_map)
+		nvdimm_map = alloc_nvdimm_map(dev, offset, size, flags);
+	else
+		kref_get(&nvdimm_map->kref);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+
+	if (devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, nvdimm_map_put, nvdimm_map))
+		return NULL;
+
+	return nvdimm_map->mem;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_nvdimm_memremap);
+
 u64 nd_fletcher64(void *addr, size_t len, bool le)
 {
 	u32 *buf = addr;
@@ -73,25 +194,6 @@ u64 nd_fletcher64(void *addr, size_t len, bool le)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nd_fletcher64);
 
-static void nvdimm_bus_release(struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
-
-	nvdimm_bus = container_of(dev, struct nvdimm_bus, dev);
-	ida_simple_remove(&nd_ida, nvdimm_bus->id);
-	kfree(nvdimm_bus);
-}
-
-struct nvdimm_bus *to_nvdimm_bus(struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
-
-	nvdimm_bus = container_of(dev, struct nvdimm_bus, dev);
-	WARN_ON(nvdimm_bus->dev.release != nvdimm_bus_release);
-	return nvdimm_bus;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(to_nvdimm_bus);
-
 struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *to_nd_desc(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
 {
 	/* struct nvdimm_bus definition is private to libnvdimm */
@@ -99,18 +201,12 @@ struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *to_nd_desc(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(to_nd_desc);
 
-struct nvdimm_bus *walk_to_nvdimm_bus(struct device *nd_dev)
+struct device *to_nvdimm_bus_dev(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
 {
-	struct device *dev;
-
-	for (dev = nd_dev; dev; dev = dev->parent)
-		if (dev->release == nvdimm_bus_release)
-			break;
-	dev_WARN_ONCE(nd_dev, !dev, "invalid dev, not on nd bus\n");
-	if (dev)
-		return to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
-	return NULL;
+	/* struct nvdimm_bus definition is private to libnvdimm */
+	return &nvdimm_bus->dev;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(to_nvdimm_bus_dev);
 
 static bool is_uuid_sep(char sep)
 {
@@ -325,51 +421,6 @@ struct attribute_group nvdimm_bus_attribute_group = {
 };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_attribute_group);
 
-struct nvdimm_bus *__nvdimm_bus_register(struct device *parent,
-		struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc, struct module *module)
-{
-	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
-	int rc;
-
-	nvdimm_bus = kzalloc(sizeof(*nvdimm_bus), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!nvdimm_bus)
-		return NULL;
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_bus->list);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nvdimm_bus->poison_list);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&nvdimm_bus->probe_wait);
-	nvdimm_bus->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
-	mutex_init(&nvdimm_bus->reconfig_mutex);
-	if (nvdimm_bus->id < 0) {
-		kfree(nvdimm_bus);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	nvdimm_bus->nd_desc = nd_desc;
-	nvdimm_bus->module = module;
-	nvdimm_bus->dev.parent = parent;
-	nvdimm_bus->dev.release = nvdimm_bus_release;
-	nvdimm_bus->dev.groups = nd_desc->attr_groups;
-	dev_set_name(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "ndbus%d", nvdimm_bus->id);
-	rc = device_register(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
-	if (rc) {
-		dev_dbg(&nvdimm_bus->dev, "registration failed: %d\n", rc);
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	rc = nvdimm_bus_create_ndctl(nvdimm_bus);
-	if (rc)
-		goto err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
-	list_add_tail(&nvdimm_bus->list, &nvdimm_bus_list);
-	mutex_unlock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
-
-	return nvdimm_bus;
- err:
-	put_device(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
-	return NULL;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__nvdimm_bus_register);
-
 static void set_badblock(struct badblocks *bb, sector_t s, int num)
 {
 	dev_dbg(bb->dev, "Found a poison range (0x%llx, 0x%llx)\n",
@@ -545,54 +596,6 @@ int nvdimm_bus_add_poison(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, u64 addr, u64 length)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_add_poison);
 
-static void free_poison_list(struct list_head *poison_list)
-{
-	struct nd_poison *pl, *next;
-
-	list_for_each_entry_safe(pl, next, poison_list, list) {
-		list_del(&pl->list);
-		kfree(pl);
-	}
-	list_del_init(poison_list);
-}
-
-static int child_unregister(struct device *dev, void *data)
-{
-	/*
-	 * the singular ndctl class device per bus needs to be
-	 * "device_destroy"ed, so skip it here
-	 *
-	 * i.e. remove classless children
-	 */
-	if (dev->class)
-		/* pass */;
-	else
-		nd_device_unregister(dev, ND_SYNC);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void nvdimm_bus_unregister(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus)
-{
-	if (!nvdimm_bus)
-		return;
-
-	mutex_lock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
-	list_del_init(&nvdimm_bus->list);
-	mutex_unlock(&nvdimm_bus_list_mutex);
-
-	nd_synchronize();
-	device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, NULL, child_unregister);
-
-	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
-	free_poison_list(&nvdimm_bus->poison_list);
-	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
-
-	nvdimm_bus_destroy_ndctl(nvdimm_bus);
-
-	device_unregister(&nvdimm_bus->dev);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_bus_unregister);
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY
 int nd_integrity_init(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned long meta_size)
 {
@@ -601,7 +604,8 @@ int nd_integrity_init(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned long meta_size)
 	if (meta_size == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	bi.profile = NULL;
+	memset(&bi, 0, sizeof(bi));
+
 	bi.tuple_size = meta_size;
 	bi.tag_size = meta_size;
 
@@ -650,7 +654,6 @@ static __exit void libnvdimm_exit(void)
 	nvdimm_bus_exit();
 	nd_region_devs_exit();
 	nvdimm_devs_exit();
-	ida_destroy(&nd_ida);
 }
 
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
index bbde28d3dec5..d9bba5edd8dc 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c
@@ -346,7 +346,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_attribute_group);
 
 struct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
 		const struct attribute_group **groups, unsigned long flags,
-		unsigned long cmd_mask)
+		unsigned long cmd_mask, int num_flush,
+		struct resource *flush_wpq)
 {
 	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nvdimm), GFP_KERNEL);
 	struct device *dev;
@@ -362,6 +363,8 @@ struct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
 	nvdimm->provider_data = provider_data;
 	nvdimm->flags = flags;
 	nvdimm->cmd_mask = cmd_mask;
+	nvdimm->num_flush = num_flush;
+	nvdimm->flush_wpq = flush_wpq;
 	atomic_set(&nvdimm->busy, 0);
 	dev = &nvdimm->dev;
 	dev_set_name(dev, "nmem%d", nvdimm->id);
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
index 95825b38559a..11ea90120542 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static int e820_pmem_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 
 	nd_desc.attr_groups = e820_pmem_attribute_groups;
 	nd_desc.provider_name = "e820";
+	nd_desc.module = THIS_MODULE;
 	nvdimm_bus = nvdimm_bus_register(dev, &nd_desc);
 	if (!nvdimm_bus)
 		goto err;
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
index 284cdaa268cf..38ce6bbbc170 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd-core.h
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ extern int nvdimm_major;
 struct nvdimm_bus {
 	struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nd_desc;
 	wait_queue_head_t probe_wait;
-	struct module *module;
 	struct list_head list;
 	struct device dev;
 	int id, probe_active;
 	struct list_head poison_list;
+	struct list_head mapping_list;
 	struct mutex reconfig_mutex;
 };
 
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ struct nvdimm {
 	unsigned long cmd_mask;
 	struct device dev;
 	atomic_t busy;
-	int id;
+	int id, num_flush;
+	struct resource *flush_wpq;
 };
 
 bool is_nvdimm(struct device *dev);
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
index d0ac93c31dda..40476399d227 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/nd.h
@@ -49,9 +49,11 @@ struct nvdimm_drvdata {
 	struct kref kref;
 };
 
-struct nd_region_namespaces {
-	int count;
-	int active;
+struct nd_region_data {
+	int ns_count;
+	int ns_active;
+	unsigned int flush_mask;
+	void __iomem *flush_wpq[0][0];
 };
 
 static inline struct nd_namespace_index *to_namespace_index(
@@ -119,7 +121,6 @@ struct nd_region {
 
 struct nd_blk_region {
 	int (*enable)(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, struct device *dev);
-	void (*disable)(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, struct device *dev);
 	int (*do_io)(struct nd_blk_region *ndbr, resource_size_t dpa,
 			void *iobuf, u64 len, int rw);
 	void *blk_provider_data;
@@ -325,6 +326,7 @@ static inline void devm_nsio_disable(struct device *dev,
 }
 #endif
 int nd_blk_region_init(struct nd_region *nd_region);
+int nd_region_activate(struct nd_region *nd_region);
 void __nd_iostat_start(struct bio *bio, unsigned long *start);
 static inline bool nd_iostat_start(struct bio *bio, unsigned long *start)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
index 36cb39047d5b..b511099457db 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c
@@ -29,27 +29,28 @@
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/pmem.h>
 #include <linux/nd.h>
+#include "pmem.h"
 #include "pfn.h"
 #include "nd.h"
 
-struct pmem_device {
-	/* One contiguous memory region per device */
-	phys_addr_t		phys_addr;
-	/* when non-zero this device is hosting a 'pfn' instance */
-	phys_addr_t		data_offset;
-	u64			pfn_flags;
-	void __pmem		*virt_addr;
-	/* immutable base size of the namespace */
-	size_t			size;
-	/* trim size when namespace capacity has been section aligned */
-	u32			pfn_pad;
-	struct badblocks	bb;
-};
+static struct device *to_dev(struct pmem_device *pmem)
+{
+	/*
+	 * nvdimm bus services need a 'dev' parameter, and we record the device
+	 * at init in bb.dev.
+	 */
+	return pmem->bb.dev;
+}
+
+static struct nd_region *to_region(struct pmem_device *pmem)
+{
+	return to_nd_region(to_dev(pmem)->parent);
+}
 
 static void pmem_clear_poison(struct pmem_device *pmem, phys_addr_t offset,
 		unsigned int len)
 {
-	struct device *dev = pmem->bb.dev;
+	struct device *dev = to_dev(pmem);
 	sector_t sector;
 	long cleared;
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ static void pmem_clear_poison(struct pmem_device *pmem, phys_addr_t offset,
 	cleared = nvdimm_clear_poison(dev, pmem->phys_addr + offset, len);
 
 	if (cleared > 0 && cleared / 512) {
-		dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %llx clear %ld sector%s\n",
+		dev_dbg(dev, "%s: %#llx clear %ld sector%s\n",
 				__func__, (unsigned long long) sector,
 				cleared / 512, cleared / 512 > 1 ? "s" : "");
 		badblocks_clear(&pmem->bb, sector, cleared / 512);
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ static int pmem_do_bvec(struct pmem_device *pmem, struct page *page,
 	bool bad_pmem = false;
 	void *mem = kmap_atomic(page);
 	phys_addr_t pmem_off = sector * 512 + pmem->data_offset;
-	void __pmem *pmem_addr = pmem->virt_addr + pmem_off;
+	void *pmem_addr = pmem->virt_addr + pmem_off;
 
 	if (unlikely(is_bad_pmem(&pmem->bb, sector, len)))
 		bad_pmem = true;
@@ -112,6 +113,11 @@ static int pmem_do_bvec(struct pmem_device *pmem, struct page *page,
 	return rc;
 }
 
+/* account for REQ_FLUSH rename, replace with REQ_PREFLUSH after v4.8-rc1 */
+#ifndef REQ_FLUSH
+#define REQ_FLUSH REQ_PREFLUSH
+#endif
+
 static blk_qc_t pmem_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
 {
 	int rc = 0;
@@ -120,6 +126,10 @@ static blk_qc_t pmem_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
 	struct bio_vec bvec;
 	struct bvec_iter iter;
 	struct pmem_device *pmem = q->queuedata;
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_region(pmem);
+
+	if (bio->bi_rw & REQ_FLUSH)
+		nvdimm_flush(nd_region);
 
 	do_acct = nd_iostat_start(bio, &start);
 	bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter) {
@@ -134,8 +144,8 @@ static blk_qc_t pmem_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
 	if (do_acct)
 		nd_iostat_end(bio, start);
 
-	if (bio_data_dir(bio))
-		wmb_pmem();
+	if (bio->bi_rw & REQ_FUA)
+		nvdimm_flush(nd_region);
 
 	bio_endio(bio);
 	return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
@@ -148,8 +158,6 @@ static int pmem_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
 	int rc;
 
 	rc = pmem_do_bvec(pmem, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0, rw, sector);
-	if (rw & WRITE)
-		wmb_pmem();
 
 	/*
 	 * The ->rw_page interface is subtle and tricky.  The core
@@ -163,8 +171,9 @@ static int pmem_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
 	return rc;
 }
 
-static long pmem_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
-		      void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+/* see "strong" declaration in tools/testing/nvdimm/pmem-dax.c */
+__weak long pmem_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
+		      void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct pmem_device *pmem = bdev->bd_queue->queuedata;
 	resource_size_t offset = sector * 512 + pmem->data_offset;
@@ -195,7 +204,7 @@ static void pmem_release_queue(void *q)
 	blk_cleanup_queue(q);
 }
 
-void pmem_release_disk(void *disk)
+static void pmem_release_disk(void *disk)
 {
 	del_gendisk(disk);
 	put_disk(disk);
@@ -205,6 +214,7 @@ static int pmem_attach_disk(struct device *dev,
 		struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
 {
 	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(&ndns->dev);
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
 	struct vmem_altmap __altmap, *altmap = NULL;
 	struct resource *res = &nsio->res;
 	struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = NULL;
@@ -234,7 +244,7 @@ static int pmem_attach_disk(struct device *dev,
 	dev_set_drvdata(dev, pmem);
 	pmem->phys_addr = res->start;
 	pmem->size = resource_size(res);
-	if (!arch_has_wmb_pmem())
+	if (nvdimm_has_flush(nd_region) < 0)
 		dev_warn(dev, "unable to guarantee persistence of writes\n");
 
 	if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, res->start, resource_size(res),
@@ -269,15 +279,14 @@ static int pmem_attach_disk(struct device *dev,
 	 * At release time the queue must be dead before
 	 * devm_memremap_pages is unwound
 	 */
-	if (devm_add_action(dev, pmem_release_queue, q)) {
-		blk_cleanup_queue(q);
+	if (devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, pmem_release_queue, q))
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 
 	if (IS_ERR(addr))
 		return PTR_ERR(addr);
-	pmem->virt_addr = (void __pmem *) addr;
+	pmem->virt_addr = addr;
 
+	blk_queue_write_cache(q, true, true);
 	blk_queue_make_request(q, pmem_make_request);
 	blk_queue_physical_block_size(q, PAGE_SIZE);
 	blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(q, UINT_MAX);
@@ -289,10 +298,6 @@ static int pmem_attach_disk(struct device *dev,
 	disk = alloc_disk_node(0, nid);
 	if (!disk)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	if (devm_add_action(dev, pmem_release_disk, disk)) {
-		put_disk(disk);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 
 	disk->fops		= &pmem_fops;
 	disk->queue		= q;
@@ -302,9 +307,13 @@ static int pmem_attach_disk(struct device *dev,
 			/ 512);
 	if (devm_init_badblocks(dev, &pmem->bb))
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	nvdimm_badblocks_populate(to_nd_region(dev->parent), &pmem->bb, res);
+	nvdimm_badblocks_populate(nd_region, &pmem->bb, res);
 	disk->bb = &pmem->bb;
 	device_add_disk(dev, disk);
+
+	if (devm_add_action_or_reset(dev, pmem_release_disk, disk))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	revalidate_disk(disk);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -340,13 +349,20 @@ static int nd_pmem_remove(struct device *dev)
 {
 	if (is_nd_btt(dev))
 		nvdimm_namespace_detach_btt(to_nd_btt(dev));
+	nvdimm_flush(to_nd_region(dev->parent));
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void nd_pmem_shutdown(struct device *dev)
+{
+	nvdimm_flush(to_nd_region(dev->parent));
+}
+
 static void nd_pmem_notify(struct device *dev, enum nvdimm_event event)
 {
-	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
 	struct pmem_device *pmem = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_region(pmem);
 	resource_size_t offset = 0, end_trunc = 0;
 	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns;
 	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
@@ -382,6 +398,7 @@ static struct nd_device_driver nd_pmem_driver = {
 	.probe = nd_pmem_probe,
 	.remove = nd_pmem_remove,
 	.notify = nd_pmem_notify,
+	.shutdown = nd_pmem_shutdown,
 	.drv = {
 		.name = "nd_pmem",
 	},
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.h b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b4ee4f71b4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/pmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef __NVDIMM_PMEM_H__
+#define __NVDIMM_PMEM_H__
+#include <linux/badblocks.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/pfn_t.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+long pmem_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
+		      void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size);
+/* this definition is in it's own header for tools/testing/nvdimm to consume */
+struct pmem_device {
+	/* One contiguous memory region per device */
+	phys_addr_t		phys_addr;
+	/* when non-zero this device is hosting a 'pfn' instance */
+	phys_addr_t		data_offset;
+	u64			pfn_flags;
+	void			*virt_addr;
+	/* immutable base size of the namespace */
+	size_t			size;
+	/* trim size when namespace capacity has been section aligned */
+	u32			pfn_pad;
+	struct badblocks	bb;
+};
+#endif /* __NVDIMM_PMEM_H__ */
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/region.c b/drivers/nvdimm/region.c
index 05a912359939..8f241772ec0b 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/region.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/region.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static int nd_region_probe(struct device *dev)
 {
 	int err, rc;
 	static unsigned long once;
-	struct nd_region_namespaces *num_ns;
+	struct nd_region_data *ndrd;
 	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
 
 	if (nd_region->num_lanes > num_online_cpus()
@@ -33,21 +33,21 @@ static int nd_region_probe(struct device *dev)
 				nd_region->num_lanes);
 	}
 
+	rc = nd_region_activate(nd_region);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	rc = nd_blk_region_init(nd_region);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
 	rc = nd_region_register_namespaces(nd_region, &err);
-	num_ns = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*num_ns), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!num_ns)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
 	if (rc < 0)
 		return rc;
 
-	num_ns->active = rc;
-	num_ns->count = rc + err;
-	dev_set_drvdata(dev, num_ns);
+	ndrd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	ndrd->ns_active = rc;
+	ndrd->ns_count = rc + err;
 
 	if (rc && err && rc == err)
 		return -ENODEV;
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ static int nd_region_remove(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
 
+	device_for_each_child(dev, NULL, child_unregister);
+
 	/* flush attribute readers and disable */
 	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
 	nd_region->ns_seed = NULL;
@@ -91,7 +93,6 @@ static int nd_region_remove(struct device *dev)
 	dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
 	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
 
-	device_for_each_child(dev, NULL, child_unregister);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
index 40fcfea26fbb..e8d5ba7b29af 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/region_devs.c
@@ -14,13 +14,97 @@
 #include <linux/highmem.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/pmem.h>
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/nd.h>
 #include "nd-core.h"
 #include "nd.h"
 
+/*
+ * For readq() and writeq() on 32-bit builds, the hi-lo, lo-hi order is
+ * irrelevant.
+ */
+#include <linux/io-64-nonatomic-hi-lo.h>
+
 static DEFINE_IDA(region_ida);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, flush_idx);
+
+static int nvdimm_map_flush(struct device *dev, struct nvdimm *nvdimm, int dimm,
+		struct nd_region_data *ndrd)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s: map %d flush address%s\n", nvdimm_name(nvdimm),
+			nvdimm->num_flush, nvdimm->num_flush == 1 ? "" : "es");
+	for (i = 0; i < nvdimm->num_flush; i++) {
+		struct resource *res = &nvdimm->flush_wpq[i];
+		unsigned long pfn = PHYS_PFN(res->start);
+		void __iomem *flush_page;
+
+		/* check if flush hints share a page */
+		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+			struct resource *res_j = &nvdimm->flush_wpq[j];
+			unsigned long pfn_j = PHYS_PFN(res_j->start);
+
+			if (pfn == pfn_j)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if (j < i)
+			flush_page = (void __iomem *) ((unsigned long)
+					ndrd->flush_wpq[dimm][j] & PAGE_MASK);
+		else
+			flush_page = devm_nvdimm_ioremap(dev,
+					PHYS_PFN(pfn), PAGE_SIZE);
+		if (!flush_page)
+			return -ENXIO;
+		ndrd->flush_wpq[dimm][i] = flush_page
+			+ (res->start & ~PAGE_MASK);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int nd_region_activate(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	int i, num_flush = 0;
+	struct nd_region_data *ndrd;
+	struct device *dev = &nd_region->dev;
+	size_t flush_data_size = sizeof(void *);
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nd_region->dev);
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
+
+		/* at least one null hint slot per-dimm for the "no-hint" case */
+		flush_data_size += sizeof(void *);
+		num_flush = min_not_zero(num_flush, nvdimm->num_flush);
+		if (!nvdimm->num_flush)
+			continue;
+		flush_data_size += nvdimm->num_flush * sizeof(void *);
+	}
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nd_region->dev);
+
+	ndrd = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*ndrd) + flush_data_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ndrd)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	dev_set_drvdata(dev, ndrd);
+
+	ndrd->flush_mask = (1 << ilog2(num_flush)) - 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
+		int rc = nvdimm_map_flush(&nd_region->dev, nvdimm, i, ndrd);
+
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static void nd_region_release(struct device *dev)
 {
@@ -242,12 +326,12 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(available_size);
 static ssize_t init_namespaces_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
-	struct nd_region_namespaces *num_ns = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct nd_region_data *ndrd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 	ssize_t rc;
 
 	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
-	if (num_ns)
-		rc = sprintf(buf, "%d/%d\n", num_ns->active, num_ns->count);
+	if (ndrd)
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "%d/%d\n", ndrd->ns_active, ndrd->ns_count);
 	else
 		rc = -ENXIO;
 	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
@@ -433,8 +517,6 @@ static void nd_region_notify_driver_action(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 
 		if (is_nd_pmem(dev))
 			return;
-
-		to_nd_blk_region(dev)->disable(nvdimm_bus, dev);
 	}
 	if (dev->parent && is_nd_blk(dev->parent) && probe) {
 		nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
@@ -698,7 +780,6 @@ static struct nd_region *nd_region_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 		if (ndbr) {
 			nd_region = &ndbr->nd_region;
 			ndbr->enable = ndbr_desc->enable;
-			ndbr->disable = ndbr_desc->disable;
 			ndbr->do_io = ndbr_desc->do_io;
 		}
 		region_buf = ndbr;
@@ -794,6 +875,67 @@ struct nd_region *nvdimm_volatile_region_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_volatile_region_create);
 
+/**
+ * nvdimm_flush - flush any posted write queues between the cpu and pmem media
+ * @nd_region: blk or interleaved pmem region
+ */
+void nvdimm_flush(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_region_data *ndrd = dev_get_drvdata(&nd_region->dev);
+	int i, idx;
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to encourage some diversity in flush hint addresses
+	 * across cpus assuming a limited number of flush hints.
+	 */
+	idx = this_cpu_read(flush_idx);
+	idx = this_cpu_add_return(flush_idx, hash_32(current->pid + idx, 8));
+
+	/*
+	 * The first wmb() is needed to 'sfence' all previous writes
+	 * such that they are architecturally visible for the platform
+	 * buffer flush.  Note that we've already arranged for pmem
+	 * writes to avoid the cache via arch_memcpy_to_pmem().  The
+	 * final wmb() ensures ordering for the NVDIMM flush write.
+	 */
+	wmb();
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++)
+		if (ndrd->flush_wpq[i][0])
+			writeq(1, ndrd->flush_wpq[i][idx & ndrd->flush_mask]);
+	wmb();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_flush);
+
+/**
+ * nvdimm_has_flush - determine write flushing requirements
+ * @nd_region: blk or interleaved pmem region
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if writes require flushing
+ * Returns 0 if writes do not require flushing
+ * Returns -ENXIO if flushing capability can not be determined
+ */
+int nvdimm_has_flush(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_region_data *ndrd = dev_get_drvdata(&nd_region->dev);
+	int i;
+
+	/* no nvdimm == flushing capability unknown */
+	if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++)
+		/* flush hints present, flushing required */
+		if (ndrd->flush_wpq[i][0])
+			return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * The platform defines dimm devices without hints, assume
+	 * platform persistence mechanism like ADR
+	 */
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nvdimm_has_flush);
+
 void __exit nd_region_devs_exit(void)
 {
 	ida_destroy(&region_ida);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/block/dcssblk.c b/drivers/s390/block/dcssblk.c
index fac1b51ea0de..9d66b4fb174b 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/block/dcssblk.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/block/dcssblk.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ static void dcssblk_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode);
 static blk_qc_t dcssblk_make_request(struct request_queue *q,
 						struct bio *bio);
 static long dcssblk_direct_access(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t secnum,
-			 void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size);
+			 void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size);
 
 static char dcssblk_segments[DCSSBLK_PARM_LEN] = "\0";
 
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ fail:
 
 static long
 dcssblk_direct_access (struct block_device *bdev, sector_t secnum,
-			void __pmem **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
+			void **kaddr, pfn_t *pfn, long size)
 {
 	struct dcssblk_dev_info *dev_info;
 	unsigned long offset, dev_sz;
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ dcssblk_direct_access (struct block_device *bdev, sector_t secnum,
 		return -ENODEV;
 	dev_sz = dev_info->end - dev_info->start;
 	offset = secnum * 512;
-	*kaddr = (void __pmem *) (dev_info->start + offset);
+	*kaddr = (void *) dev_info->start + offset;
 	*pfn = __pfn_to_pfn_t(PFN_DOWN(dev_info->start + offset), PFN_DEV);
 
 	return dev_sz - offset;