Merge tag 'f2fs-for-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs

Pull f2fs updates from Jaegeuk Kim:
 "In this development cycle, we focused on several key performance
  optimizations:

   - introducing large folio support to enhance read speeds for
     immutable files

   - reducing checkpoint=enable latency by flushing only committed dirty
     pages

   - implementing tracepoints to diagnose and resolve lock priority
     inversion.

  Additionally, we introduced the packed_ssa feature to optimize the SSA
  footprint when utilizing large block sizes.

  Detail summary:

  Enhancements:
   - support large folio for immutable non-compressed case
   - support non-4KB block size without packed_ssa feature
   - optimize f2fs_enable_checkpoint() to avoid long delay
   - optimize f2fs_overwrite_io() for f2fs_iomap_begin
   - optimize NAT block loading during checkpoint write
   - add write latency stats for NAT and SIT blocks in
     f2fs_write_checkpoint
   - pin files do not require sbi->writepages lock for ordering
   - avoid f2fs_map_blocks() for consecutive holes in readpages
   - flush plug periodically during GC to maximize readahead effect
   - add tracepoints to catch lock overheads
   - add several sysfs entries to tune internal lock priorities

  Fixes:
   - fix lock priority inversion issue
   - fix incomplete block usage in compact SSA summaries
   - fix to show simulate_lock_timeout correctly
   - fix to avoid mapping wrong physical block for swapfile
   - fix IS_CHECKPOINTED flag inconsistency issue caused by
     concurrent atomic commit and checkpoint writes
   - fix to avoid UAF in f2fs_write_end_io()"

* tag 'f2fs-for-7.0-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs: (61 commits)
  f2fs: sysfs: introduce critical_task_priority
  f2fs: introduce trace_f2fs_priority_update
  f2fs: fix lock priority inversion issue
  f2fs: optimize f2fs_overwrite_io() for f2fs_iomap_begin
  f2fs: fix incomplete block usage in compact SSA summaries
  f2fs: decrease maximum flush retry count in f2fs_enable_checkpoint()
  f2fs: optimize NAT block loading during checkpoint write
  f2fs: change size parameter of __has_cursum_space() to unsigned int
  f2fs: add write latency stats for NAT and SIT blocks in f2fs_write_checkpoint
  f2fs: pin files do not require sbi->writepages lock for ordering
  f2fs: fix to show simulate_lock_timeout correctly
  f2fs: introduce FAULT_SKIP_WRITE
  f2fs: check skipped write in f2fs_enable_checkpoint()
  Revert "f2fs: add timeout in f2fs_enable_checkpoint()"
  f2fs: fix to unlock folio in f2fs_read_data_large_folio()
  f2fs: fix error path handling in f2fs_read_data_large_folio()
  f2fs: use folio_end_read
  f2fs: fix to avoid mapping wrong physical block for swapfile
  f2fs: avoid f2fs_map_blocks() for consecutive holes in readpages
  f2fs: advance index and offset after zeroing in large folio read
  ...

22 files changed, 1672 insertions, 547 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs
index 770470e0598b..c1d2b3fd9c65 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-fs-f2fs
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ckpt_thread_ioprio
 Date:		January 2021
 Contact:	"Daeho Jeong" <daehojeong@google.com>
 Description:	Give a way to change checkpoint merge daemon's io priority.
-		Its default value is "be,3", which means "BE" I/O class and
+		Its default value is "rt,3", which means "RT" I/O class and
 		I/O priority "3". We can select the class between "rt" and "be",
 		and set the I/O priority within valid range of it. "," delimiter
 		is necessary in between I/O class and priority number.
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ Description:	Support configuring fault injection type, should be
 		FAULT_TRUNCATE                   0x00000400
 		FAULT_READ_IO                    0x00000800
 		FAULT_CHECKPOINT                 0x00001000
-		FAULT_DISCARD                    0x00002000
+		FAULT_DISCARD                    0x00002000 (obsolete)
 		FAULT_WRITE_IO                   0x00004000
 		FAULT_SLAB_ALLOC                 0x00008000
 		FAULT_DQUOT_INIT                 0x00010000
@@ -741,8 +741,10 @@ Description:	Support configuring fault injection type, should be
 		FAULT_BLKADDR_CONSISTENCE        0x00080000
 		FAULT_NO_SEGMENT                 0x00100000
 		FAULT_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER        0x00200000
-		FAULT_TIMEOUT                    0x00400000 (1000ms)
+		FAULT_ATOMIC_TIMEOUT             0x00400000 (1000ms)
 		FAULT_VMALLOC                    0x00800000
+		FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT               0x01000000 (1000ms)
+		FAULT_SKIP_WRITE                 0x02000000
 		===========================      ==========
 
 What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/discard_io_aware_gran
@@ -939,3 +941,57 @@ Description:	Controls write priority in multi-devices setups. A value of 0 means
 		allocate_section_policy = 1  Prioritize writing to section before allocate_section_hint
 		allocate_section_policy = 2  Prioritize writing to section after allocate_section_hint
 		===========================  ==========================================================
+
+What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_lock_elapsed_time
+Date:		December 2025
+Contact:	"Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description:	This is a threshold, once a thread enters critical region that lock covers, total
+		elapsed time exceeds this threshold, f2fs will print tracepoint to dump information
+		of related context. This sysfs entry can be used to control the value of threshold,
+		by default, the value is 500 ms.
+
+What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/inject_timeout_type
+Date:		December 2025
+Contact:	"Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description:	This sysfs entry can be used to change type of injected timeout:
+		==========     ===============================
+		Flag_Value     Flag_Description
+		==========     ===============================
+		0x00000000     No timeout (default)
+		0x00000001     Simulate running time
+		0x00000002     Simulate IO type sleep time
+		0x00000003     Simulate Non-IO type sleep time
+		0x00000004     Simulate runnable time
+		==========     ===============================
+
+What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/adjust_lock_priority
+Date:		January 2026
+Contact:	"Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description:	This sysfs entry can be used to enable/disable to adjust priority for task
+		which is in critical region covered by lock.
+		==========     ==================
+		Flag_Value     Flag_Description
+		==========     ==================
+		0x00000000     Disabled (default)
+		0x00000001     cp_rwsem
+		0x00000002     node_change
+		0x00000004     node_write
+		0x00000008     gc_lock
+		0x00000010     cp_global
+		0x00000020     io_rwsem
+		==========     ==================
+
+What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/lock_duration_priority
+Date:		January 2026
+Contact:	"Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description:	f2fs can tune priority of thread which has entered into critical region covered by
+		f2fs rwsemphore lock. This sysfs entry can be used to control priority value, the
+		range is [100,139], by default the value is 120.
+
+What:		/sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/critical_task_priority
+Date:		February 2026
+Contact:	"Chao Yu" <chao@kernel.org>
+Description:	It can be used to tune priority of f2fs critical task, e.g. f2fs_ckpt, f2fs_gc
+		threads, limitation as below:
+		- it requires user has CAP_SYS_NICE capability.
+		- the range is [100, 139], by default the value is 100.
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
index cb90d1ae82d0..7e4031631286 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/f2fs.rst
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fault_type=%d		 Support configuring fault injection type, should be
 			     FAULT_TRUNCATE                   0x00000400
 			     FAULT_READ_IO                    0x00000800
 			     FAULT_CHECKPOINT                 0x00001000
-			     FAULT_DISCARD                    0x00002000
+			     FAULT_DISCARD                    0x00002000 (obsolete)
 			     FAULT_WRITE_IO                   0x00004000
 			     FAULT_SLAB_ALLOC                 0x00008000
 			     FAULT_DQUOT_INIT                 0x00010000
@@ -215,8 +215,10 @@ fault_type=%d		 Support configuring fault injection type, should be
 			     FAULT_BLKADDR_CONSISTENCE        0x00080000
 			     FAULT_NO_SEGMENT                 0x00100000
 			     FAULT_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER        0x00200000
-			     FAULT_TIMEOUT                    0x00400000 (1000ms)
+			     FAULT_ATOMIC_TIMEOUT             0x00400000 (1000ms)
 			     FAULT_VMALLOC                    0x00800000
+			     FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT               0x01000000 (1000ms)
+			     FAULT_SKIP_WRITE                 0x02000000
 			     ===========================      ==========
 mode=%s			 Control block allocation mode which supports "adaptive"
 			 and "lfs". In "lfs" mode, there should be no random
@@ -1033,3 +1035,46 @@ the reserved space back to F2FS for its own use.
 So, the key idea is, user can do any file operations on /dev/vdc, and
 reclaim the space after the use, while the space is counted as /data.
 That doesn't require modifying partition size and filesystem format.
+
+Per-file Read-Only Large Folio Support
+--------------------------------------
+
+F2FS implements large folio support on the read path to leverage high-order
+page allocation for significant performance gains. To minimize code complexity,
+this support is currently excluded from the write path, which requires handling
+complex optimizations such as compression and block allocation modes.
+
+This optional feature is triggered only when a file's immutable bit is set.
+Consequently, F2FS will return EOPNOTSUPP if a user attempts to open a cached
+file with write permissions, even immediately after clearing the bit. Write
+access is only restored once the cached inode is dropped. The usage flow is
+demonstrated below:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   # f2fs_io setflags immutable /data/testfile_read_seq
+
+   /* flush and reload the inode to enable the large folio */
+   # sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+
+   /* mmap(MAP_POPULATE) + mlock() */
+   # f2fs_io read 128 0 1024 mmap 1 0 /data/testfile_read_seq
+
+   /* mmap() + fadvise(POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED) + mlock() */
+   # f2fs_io read 128 0 1024 fadvise 1 0 /data/testfile_read_seq
+
+   /* mmap() + mlock2(MLOCK_ONFAULT) + madvise(MADV_POPULATE_READ) */
+   # f2fs_io read 128 0 1024 madvise 1 0 /data/testfile_read_seq
+
+   # f2fs_io clearflags immutable /data/testfile_read_seq
+
+   # f2fs_io write 1 0 1 zero buffered /data/testfile_read_seq
+   Failed to open /mnt/test/test: Operation not supported
+
+   /* flush and reload the inode to disable the large folio */
+   # sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+
+   # f2fs_io write 1 0 1 zero buffered /data/testfile_read_seq
+   Written 4096 bytes with pattern = zero, total_time = 29 us, max_latency = 28 us
+
+   # rm /data/testfile_read_seq
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
index 300664269eb6..6dd39b7de11a 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
 #include <linux/swap.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/delayacct.h>
+#include <linux/ioprio.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
 
 #include "f2fs.h"
 #include "node.h"
@@ -21,6 +24,209 @@
 #include "iostat.h"
 #include <trace/events/f2fs.h>
 
+static inline void get_lock_elapsed_time(struct f2fs_time_stat *ts)
+{
+	ts->total_time = ktime_get();
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	ts->running_time = current->se.sum_exec_runtime;
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_INFO) && defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
+	ts->runnable_time = current->sched_info.run_delay;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
+	if (current->delays)
+		ts->io_sleep_time = current->delays->blkio_delay;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+						struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	lc->lock_trace = trace_f2fs_lock_elapsed_time_enabled();
+	if (!lc->lock_trace)
+		return;
+
+	get_lock_elapsed_time(&lc->ts);
+}
+
+static inline void trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+				struct f2fs_lock_context *lc, bool is_write)
+{
+	struct f2fs_time_stat tts;
+	unsigned long long total_time;
+	unsigned long long running_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long runnable_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long io_sleep_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long other_time = 0;
+	unsigned npm = NSEC_PER_MSEC;
+
+	if (!lc->lock_trace)
+		return;
+
+	if (time_to_inject(sem->sbi, FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT))
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(DEFAULT_FAULT_TIMEOUT, true);
+
+	get_lock_elapsed_time(&tts);
+
+	total_time = div_u64(tts.total_time - lc->ts.total_time, npm);
+	if (total_time <= sem->sbi->max_lock_elapsed_time)
+		return;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	running_time = div_u64(tts.running_time - lc->ts.running_time, npm);
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_INFO) && defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
+	runnable_time = div_u64(tts.runnable_time - lc->ts.runnable_time, npm);
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
+	io_sleep_time = div_u64(tts.io_sleep_time - lc->ts.io_sleep_time, npm);
+#endif
+	if (total_time > running_time + io_sleep_time + runnable_time)
+		other_time = total_time - running_time -
+				io_sleep_time - runnable_time;
+
+	trace_f2fs_lock_elapsed_time(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+			get_current_ioprio(), total_time, running_time,
+			runnable_time, io_sleep_time, other_time);
+}
+
+static bool need_uplift_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, bool is_write)
+{
+	if (!(sem->sbi->adjust_lock_priority & BIT(sem->name - 1)))
+		return false;
+
+	switch (sem->name) {
+	/*
+	 * writer is checkpoint which has high priority, let's just uplift
+	 * priority for reader
+	 */
+	case LOCK_NAME_CP_RWSEM:
+	case LOCK_NAME_NODE_CHANGE:
+	case LOCK_NAME_NODE_WRITE:
+		return !is_write;
+	case LOCK_NAME_GC_LOCK:
+	case LOCK_NAME_CP_GLOBAL:
+	case LOCK_NAME_IO_RWSEM:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		f2fs_bug_on(sem->sbi, 1);
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void uplift_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+						bool is_write)
+{
+	lc->need_restore = false;
+	if (!sem->sbi->adjust_lock_priority)
+		return;
+	if (rt_task(current))
+		return;
+	if (!need_uplift_priority(sem, is_write))
+		return;
+	lc->orig_nice = task_nice(current);
+	lc->new_nice = PRIO_TO_NICE(sem->sbi->lock_duration_priority);
+	if (lc->orig_nice <= lc->new_nice)
+		return;
+	set_user_nice(current, lc->new_nice);
+	lc->need_restore = true;
+
+	trace_f2fs_priority_uplift(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+		NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->orig_nice), NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->new_nice));
+}
+
+static void restore_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+						bool is_write)
+{
+	if (!lc->need_restore)
+		return;
+	/* someone has updated the priority */
+	if (task_nice(current) != lc->new_nice)
+		return;
+	set_user_nice(current, lc->orig_nice);
+
+	trace_f2fs_priority_restore(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+		NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->orig_nice), NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->new_nice));
+}
+
+void f2fs_down_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	f2fs_down_read(sem);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_down_read_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	if (!f2fs_down_read_trylock(sem)) {
+		restore_priority(sem, lc, false);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void f2fs_up_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_read(sem);
+	restore_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(sem, lc, false);
+}
+
+void f2fs_down_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	f2fs_down_write(sem);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(sem)) {
+		restore_priority(sem, lc, true);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void f2fs_up_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(sem);
+	restore_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(sem, lc, true);
+}
+
+void f2fs_lock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_trylock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_LOCK_OP))
+		return 0;
+
+	return f2fs_down_read_trylock_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+void f2fs_unlock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+static inline void f2fs_lock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
+}
+
+static inline void f2fs_unlock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
+}
+
 #define DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_IOPRIO (IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_RT, 3))
 
 static struct kmem_cache *ino_entry_slab;
@@ -379,6 +585,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_meta_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 				struct writeback_control *wbc)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_M_SB(mapping);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	long diff, written;
 
 	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
@@ -391,13 +598,13 @@ static int f2fs_write_meta_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 		goto skip_write;
 
 	/* if locked failed, cp will flush dirty pages instead */
-	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->cp_global_sem))
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc))
 		goto skip_write;
 
 	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, META);
 	diff = nr_pages_to_write(sbi, META, wbc);
-	written = f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, wbc->nr_to_write, FS_META_IO);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	written = f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, wbc->nr_to_write, FS_META_IO);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
 	wbc->nr_to_write = max((long)0, wbc->nr_to_write - written - diff);
 	return 0;
 
@@ -407,8 +614,8 @@ skip_write:
 	return 0;
 }
 
-long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type,
-				long nr_to_write, enum iostat_type io_type)
+long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, long nr_to_write,
+				enum iostat_type io_type)
 {
 	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
 	pgoff_t index = 0, prev = ULONG_MAX;
@@ -469,7 +676,7 @@ continue_unlock:
 	}
 stop:
 	if (nwritten)
-		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, type);
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META);
 
 	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
 
@@ -1312,8 +1519,7 @@ void f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 			break;
 
 		if (type == F2FS_DIRTY_META)
-			f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX,
-							FS_CP_META_IO);
+			f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
 		else if (type == F2FS_WB_CP_DATA)
 			f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
 
@@ -1485,7 +1691,7 @@ static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	int err;
 
 	/* Flush all the NAT/SIT pages */
-	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
 
 	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_SYNC_META);
 
@@ -1584,7 +1790,7 @@ static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	}
 
 	/* Here, we have one bio having CP pack except cp pack 2 page */
-	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
 	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_SYNC_CP_META);
 
 	/* Wait for all dirty meta pages to be submitted for IO */
@@ -1646,6 +1852,7 @@ static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 {
 	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	unsigned long long ckpt_ver;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -1660,7 +1867,7 @@ int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		f2fs_warn(sbi, "Start checkpoint disabled!");
 	}
 	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
 
 	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_LOCK);
 
@@ -1701,6 +1908,7 @@ int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 			goto out;
 		}
 	}
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_MERGE_WRITE);
 
 	/*
 	 * update checkpoint pack index
@@ -1717,10 +1925,11 @@ int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !f2fs_cp_error(sbi));
 		goto stop;
 	}
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_NAT);
 
 	f2fs_flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
 
-	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_META);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_SIT);
 
 	/* save inmem log status */
 	f2fs_save_inmem_curseg(sbi);
@@ -1750,7 +1959,7 @@ stop:
 	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, CP_PHASE_FINISH_CHECKPOINT);
 out:
 	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
-		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+		f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1796,11 +2005,12 @@ void f2fs_destroy_checkpoint_caches(void)
 static int __write_checkpoint_sync(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	struct cp_control cpc = { .reason = CP_SYNC, };
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 
 	return err;
 }
@@ -1888,11 +2098,12 @@ int f2fs_issue_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	cpc.reason = __get_cp_reason(sbi);
 	if (!test_opt(sbi, MERGE_CHECKPOINT) || cpc.reason != CP_SYNC ||
 		sbi->umount_lock_holder == current) {
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 		int ret;
 
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 		ret = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
-		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 
 		return ret;
 	}
@@ -1947,6 +2158,8 @@ int f2fs_start_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	}
 
 	set_task_ioprio(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt, cprc->ckpt_thread_ioprio);
+	set_user_nice(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt,
+			PRIO_TO_NICE(sbi->critical_task_priority));
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/compress.c b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
index ef1225af2acf..006a80acd1de 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/compress.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/compress.c
@@ -1291,6 +1291,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_compressed_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	struct node_info ni;
 	struct compress_io_ctx *cic;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	pgoff_t start_idx = start_idx_of_cluster(cc);
 	unsigned int last_index = cc->cluster_size - 1;
 	loff_t psize;
@@ -1309,8 +1310,8 @@ static int f2fs_write_compressed_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
 		 * checkpoint. This can only happen to quota writes which can cause
 		 * the below discard race condition.
 		 */
-		f2fs_down_read(&sbi->node_write);
-	} else if (!f2fs_trylock_op(sbi)) {
+		f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
+	} else if (!f2fs_trylock_op(sbi, &lc)) {
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
@@ -1434,9 +1435,9 @@ unlock_continue:
 
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 	if (quota_inode)
-		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+		f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 	else
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	spin_lock(&fi->i_size_lock);
 	if (fi->last_disk_size < psize)
@@ -1463,9 +1464,9 @@ out_put_dnode:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 out_unlock_op:
 	if (quota_inode)
-		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+		f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 	else
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 out_free:
 	for (i = 0; i < cc->valid_nr_cpages; i++) {
 		f2fs_compress_free_page(cc->cpages[i]);
@@ -1512,6 +1513,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_raw_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
 {
 	struct address_space *mapping = cc->inode->i_mapping;
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_M_SB(mapping);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int submitted, compr_blocks, i;
 	int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1530,7 +1532,7 @@ static int f2fs_write_raw_pages(struct compress_ctx *cc,
 
 	/* overwrite compressed cluster w/ normal cluster */
 	if (compr_blocks > 0)
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < cc->cluster_size; i++) {
 		struct folio *folio;
@@ -1586,7 +1588,7 @@ continue_unlock:
 
 out:
 	if (compr_blocks > 0)
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 	return ret;
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/data.c b/fs/f2fs/data.c
index 491f66511201..338df7a2aea6 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/data.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/data.c
@@ -31,9 +31,15 @@
 
 static struct kmem_cache *bio_post_read_ctx_cache;
 static struct kmem_cache *bio_entry_slab;
+static struct kmem_cache *ffs_entry_slab;
 static mempool_t *bio_post_read_ctx_pool;
 static struct bio_set f2fs_bioset;
 
+struct f2fs_folio_state {
+	spinlock_t		state_lock;
+	unsigned int		read_pages_pending;
+};
+
 #define	F2FS_BIO_POOL_SIZE	NR_CURSEG_TYPE
 
 int __init f2fs_init_bioset(void)
@@ -139,11 +145,15 @@ static void f2fs_finish_read_bio(struct bio *bio, bool in_task)
 {
 	struct folio_iter fi;
 	struct bio_post_read_ctx *ctx = bio->bi_private;
+	unsigned long flags;
 
 	bio_for_each_folio_all(fi, bio) {
 		struct folio *folio = fi.folio;
+		unsigned nr_pages = fi.length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		bool finished = true;
 
-		if (f2fs_is_compressed_page(folio)) {
+		if (!folio_test_large(folio) &&
+		    f2fs_is_compressed_page(folio)) {
 			if (ctx && !ctx->decompression_attempted)
 				f2fs_end_read_compressed_page(folio, true, 0,
 							in_task);
@@ -151,8 +161,25 @@ static void f2fs_finish_read_bio(struct bio *bio, bool in_task)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		dec_page_count(F2FS_F_SB(folio), __read_io_type(folio));
-		folio_end_read(folio, bio->bi_status == BLK_STS_OK);
+		if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
+			struct f2fs_folio_state *ffs = folio->private;
+
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&ffs->state_lock, flags);
+			ffs->read_pages_pending -= nr_pages;
+			finished = !ffs->read_pages_pending;
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ffs->state_lock, flags);
+		}
+
+		while (nr_pages--)
+			dec_page_count(F2FS_F_SB(folio), __read_io_type(folio));
+
+		if (F2FS_F_SB(folio)->node_inode && is_node_folio(folio) &&
+			f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(F2FS_F_SB(folio),
+				folio, folio->index, NODE_TYPE_REGULAR, true))
+			bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+
+		if (finished)
+			folio_end_read(folio, bio->bi_status == BLK_STS_OK);
 	}
 
 	if (ctx)
@@ -189,7 +216,7 @@ static void f2fs_verify_bio(struct work_struct *work)
 			struct folio *folio = fi.folio;
 
 			if (!f2fs_is_compressed_page(folio) &&
-			    !fsverity_verify_page(vi, &folio->page)) {
+			    !fsverity_verify_folio(vi, folio)) {
 				bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -354,18 +381,27 @@ static void f2fs_write_end_io(struct bio *bio)
 						STOP_CP_REASON_WRITE_FAIL);
 		}
 
-		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, is_node_folio(folio) &&
-				folio->index != nid_of_node(folio));
+		if (is_node_folio(folio)) {
+			f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(sbi, folio,
+				folio->index, NODE_TYPE_REGULAR, true);
+			f2fs_bug_on(sbi, folio->index != nid_of_node(folio));
+		}
 
 		dec_page_count(sbi, type);
+
+		/*
+		 * we should access sbi before folio_end_writeback() to
+		 * avoid racing w/ kill_f2fs_super()
+		 */
+		if (type == F2FS_WB_CP_DATA && !get_pages(sbi, type) &&
+				wq_has_sleeper(&sbi->cp_wait))
+			wake_up(&sbi->cp_wait);
+
 		if (f2fs_in_warm_node_list(sbi, folio))
 			f2fs_del_fsync_node_entry(sbi, folio);
 		folio_clear_f2fs_gcing(folio);
 		folio_end_writeback(folio);
 	}
-	if (!get_pages(sbi, F2FS_WB_CP_DATA) &&
-				wq_has_sleeper(&sbi->cp_wait))
-		wake_up(&sbi->cp_wait);
 
 	bio_put(bio);
 }
@@ -511,6 +547,9 @@ static bool f2fs_crypt_mergeable_bio(struct bio *bio, const struct inode *inode,
 void f2fs_submit_read_bio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct bio *bio,
 				 enum page_type type)
 {
+	if (!bio)
+		return;
+
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_read_io(bio_op(bio)));
 	trace_f2fs_submit_read_bio(sbi->sb, type, bio);
 
@@ -597,7 +636,8 @@ int f2fs_init_write_merge_io(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		for (j = HOT; j < n; j++) {
 			struct f2fs_bio_info *io = &sbi->write_io[i][j];
 
-			init_f2fs_rwsem(&io->io_rwsem);
+			init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&io->io_rwsem, sbi,
+						LOCK_NAME_IO_RWSEM);
 			io->sbi = sbi;
 			io->bio = NULL;
 			io->last_block_in_bio = 0;
@@ -621,8 +661,9 @@ static void __f2fs_submit_merged_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	enum page_type btype = PAGE_TYPE_OF_BIO(type);
 	struct f2fs_bio_info *io = sbi->write_io[btype] + temp;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&io->io_rwsem);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 
 	if (!io->bio)
 		goto unlock_out;
@@ -636,27 +677,37 @@ static void __f2fs_submit_merged_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	}
 	__submit_merged_bio(io);
 unlock_out:
-	f2fs_up_write(&io->io_rwsem);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 }
 
 static void __submit_merged_write_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 				struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio,
-				nid_t ino, enum page_type type, bool force)
+				nid_t ino, enum page_type type, bool writeback)
 {
 	enum temp_type temp;
 	bool ret = true;
+	bool force = !inode && !folio && !ino;
 
 	for (temp = HOT; temp < NR_TEMP_TYPE; temp++) {
 		if (!force)	{
 			enum page_type btype = PAGE_TYPE_OF_BIO(type);
 			struct f2fs_bio_info *io = sbi->write_io[btype] + temp;
+			struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 
-			f2fs_down_read(&io->io_rwsem);
+			f2fs_down_read_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 			ret = __has_merged_page(io->bio, inode, folio, ino);
-			f2fs_up_read(&io->io_rwsem);
+			f2fs_up_read_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 		}
-		if (ret)
+		if (ret) {
 			__f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, type, temp);
+			/*
+			 * For waitting writebck case, if the bio owned by the
+			 * folio is already submitted, we do not need to submit
+			 * other types of bios.
+			 */
+			if (writeback)
+				break;
+		}
 
 		/* TODO: use HOT temp only for meta pages now. */
 		if (type >= META)
@@ -666,7 +717,7 @@ static void __submit_merged_write_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 void f2fs_submit_merged_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type)
 {
-	__submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, NULL, NULL, 0, type, true);
+	__submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, NULL, NULL, 0, type, false);
 }
 
 void f2fs_submit_merged_write_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
@@ -676,6 +727,12 @@ void f2fs_submit_merged_write_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	__submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, inode, folio, ino, type, false);
 }
 
+void f2fs_submit_merged_write_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				struct folio *folio, enum page_type type)
+{
+	__submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, NULL, folio, 0, type, true);
+}
+
 void f2fs_flush_merged_writes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
@@ -949,11 +1006,12 @@ void f2fs_submit_page_write(struct f2fs_io_info *fio)
 	enum page_type btype = PAGE_TYPE_OF_BIO(fio->type);
 	struct f2fs_bio_info *io = sbi->write_io[btype] + fio->temp;
 	struct folio *bio_folio;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	enum count_type type;
 
 	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, is_read_io(fio->op));
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&io->io_rwsem);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 next:
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED
 	if (f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) && btype < META && io->zone_pending_bio) {
@@ -1035,7 +1093,7 @@ out:
 	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_SHUTDOWN) ||
 				!f2fs_is_checkpoint_ready(sbi))
 		__submit_merged_bio(io);
-	f2fs_up_write(&io->io_rwsem);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&io->io_rwsem, &lc);
 }
 
 static struct bio *f2fs_grab_read_bio(struct inode *inode,
@@ -1212,11 +1270,21 @@ struct folio *f2fs_get_read_data_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	struct folio *folio;
 	int err;
-
+retry:
 	folio = f2fs_grab_cache_folio(mapping, index, for_write);
 	if (IS_ERR(folio))
 		return folio;
 
+	if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
+		pgoff_t folio_index = mapping_align_index(mapping, index);
+
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+		invalidate_inode_pages2_range(mapping, folio_index,
+				folio_index + folio_nr_pages(folio) - 1);
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
+		goto retry;
+	}
+
 	if (f2fs_lookup_read_extent_cache_block(inode, index,
 						&dn.data_blkaddr)) {
 		if (!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(F2FS_I_SB(inode), dn.data_blkaddr,
@@ -1428,34 +1496,37 @@ static int __allocate_data_block(struct dnode_of_data *dn, int seg_type)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void f2fs_map_lock(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int flag)
+static void f2fs_map_lock(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+				int flag)
 {
-	f2fs_down_read(&sbi->cp_enable_rwsem);
 	if (flag == F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO)
-		f2fs_down_read(&sbi->node_change);
+		f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->node_change, lc);
 	else
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, lc);
 }
 
-static void f2fs_map_unlock(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int flag)
+static void f2fs_map_unlock(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+				int flag)
 {
 	if (flag == F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO)
-		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_change);
+		f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_change, lc);
 	else
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
-	f2fs_up_read(&sbi->cp_enable_rwsem);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, lc);
 }
 
 int f2fs_get_block_locked(struct dnode_of_data *dn, pgoff_t index)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dn->inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	f2fs_map_lock(sbi, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
+	f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 	if (!f2fs_lookup_read_extent_cache_block(dn->inode, index,
 						&dn->data_blkaddr))
 		err = f2fs_reserve_block(dn, index);
-	f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
+	f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, &lc, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 
 	return err;
 }
@@ -1546,6 +1617,7 @@ int f2fs_map_blocks(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_map_blocks *map, int flag)
 	unsigned int maxblocks = map->m_len;
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int mode = map->m_may_create ? ALLOC_NODE : LOOKUP_NODE;
 	pgoff_t pgofs, end_offset, end;
 	int err = 0, ofs = 1;
@@ -1584,7 +1656,7 @@ next_dnode:
 	if (map->m_may_create) {
 		if (f2fs_lfs_mode(sbi))
 			f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
-		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 	}
 
 	/* When reading holes, we need its node page */
@@ -1750,7 +1822,7 @@ skip:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
 	if (map->m_may_create) {
-		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
 	}
 	goto next_dnode;
@@ -1797,7 +1869,7 @@ sync_out:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 unlock_out:
 	if (map->m_may_create) {
-		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, dn.node_changed);
 	}
 out:
@@ -1805,7 +1877,8 @@ out:
 	return err;
 }
 
-bool f2fs_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, size_t len)
+static bool __f2fs_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, size_t len,
+				bool check_first)
 {
 	struct f2fs_map_blocks map;
 	block_t last_lblk;
@@ -1827,10 +1900,17 @@ bool f2fs_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, size_t len)
 		if (err || map.m_len == 0)
 			return false;
 		map.m_lblk += map.m_len;
+		if (check_first)
+			break;
 	}
 	return true;
 }
 
+bool f2fs_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, size_t len)
+{
+	return __f2fs_overwrite_io(inode, pos, len, false);
+}
+
 static int f2fs_xattr_fiemap(struct inode *inode,
 				struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo)
 {
@@ -2104,10 +2184,13 @@ static int f2fs_read_single_page(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 	/*
 	 * Map blocks using the previous result first.
 	 */
-	if ((map->m_flags & F2FS_MAP_MAPPED) &&
-			block_in_file > map->m_lblk &&
+	if (map->m_flags & F2FS_MAP_MAPPED) {
+		if (block_in_file > map->m_lblk &&
 			block_in_file < (map->m_lblk + map->m_len))
+			goto got_it;
+	} else if (block_in_file < *map->m_next_pgofs) {
 		goto got_it;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Then do more f2fs_map_blocks() calls until we are
@@ -2343,6 +2426,185 @@ out:
 }
 #endif
 
+static struct f2fs_folio_state *ffs_find_or_alloc(struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct f2fs_folio_state *ffs = folio->private;
+
+	if (ffs)
+		return ffs;
+
+	ffs = f2fs_kmem_cache_alloc(ffs_entry_slab,
+			GFP_NOIO | __GFP_ZERO, true, NULL);
+
+	spin_lock_init(&ffs->state_lock);
+	folio_attach_private(folio, ffs);
+	return ffs;
+}
+
+static void ffs_detach_free(struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct f2fs_folio_state *ffs;
+
+	if (!folio_test_large(folio)) {
+		folio_detach_private(folio);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ffs = folio_detach_private(folio);
+	if (!ffs)
+		return;
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(ffs->read_pages_pending != 0);
+	kmem_cache_free(ffs_entry_slab, ffs);
+}
+
+static int f2fs_read_data_large_folio(struct inode *inode,
+		struct fsverity_info *vi,
+		struct readahead_control *rac, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct bio *bio = NULL;
+	sector_t last_block_in_bio = 0;
+	struct f2fs_map_blocks map = {0, };
+	pgoff_t index, offset, next_pgofs = 0;
+	unsigned max_nr_pages = rac ? readahead_count(rac) :
+				folio_nr_pages(folio);
+	unsigned nrpages;
+	struct f2fs_folio_state *ffs;
+	int ret = 0;
+	bool folio_in_bio;
+
+	if (!IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) || f2fs_compressed_file(inode)) {
+		if (folio)
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	map.m_seg_type = NO_CHECK_TYPE;
+
+	if (rac)
+		folio = readahead_folio(rac);
+next_folio:
+	if (!folio)
+		goto out;
+
+	folio_in_bio = false;
+	index = folio->index;
+	offset = 0;
+	ffs = NULL;
+	nrpages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
+
+	for (; nrpages; nrpages--, max_nr_pages--, index++, offset++) {
+		sector_t block_nr;
+		/*
+		 * Map blocks using the previous result first.
+		 */
+		if (map.m_flags & F2FS_MAP_MAPPED) {
+			if (index > map.m_lblk &&
+				index < (map.m_lblk + map.m_len))
+				goto got_it;
+		} else if (index < next_pgofs) {
+			/* hole case */
+			goto got_it;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Then do more f2fs_map_blocks() calls until we are
+		 * done with this page.
+		 */
+		memset(&map, 0, sizeof(map));
+		map.m_next_pgofs = &next_pgofs;
+		map.m_seg_type = NO_CHECK_TYPE;
+		map.m_lblk = index;
+		map.m_len = max_nr_pages;
+
+		ret = f2fs_map_blocks(inode, &map, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_DEFAULT);
+		if (ret)
+			goto err_out;
+got_it:
+		if ((map.m_flags & F2FS_MAP_MAPPED)) {
+			block_nr = map.m_pblk + index - map.m_lblk;
+			if (!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(F2FS_I_SB(inode), block_nr,
+						DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_READ)) {
+				ret = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+				goto err_out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			size_t page_offset = offset << PAGE_SHIFT;
+			folio_zero_range(folio, page_offset, PAGE_SIZE);
+			if (vi && !fsverity_verify_blocks(vi, folio, PAGE_SIZE, page_offset)) {
+				ret = -EIO;
+				goto err_out;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* We must increment read_pages_pending before possible BIOs submitting
+		 * to prevent from premature folio_end_read() call on folio
+		 */
+		if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
+			ffs = ffs_find_or_alloc(folio);
+
+			/* set the bitmap to wait */
+			spin_lock_irq(&ffs->state_lock);
+			ffs->read_pages_pending++;
+			spin_unlock_irq(&ffs->state_lock);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This page will go to BIO.  Do we need to send this
+		 * BIO off first?
+		 */
+		if (bio && (!page_is_mergeable(F2FS_I_SB(inode), bio,
+						last_block_in_bio, block_nr) ||
+			!f2fs_crypt_mergeable_bio(bio, inode, index, NULL))) {
+submit_and_realloc:
+			f2fs_submit_read_bio(F2FS_I_SB(inode), bio, DATA);
+			bio = NULL;
+		}
+		if (bio == NULL)
+			bio = f2fs_grab_read_bio(inode, vi,
+					block_nr, max_nr_pages,
+					f2fs_ra_op_flags(rac),
+					index, false);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the page is under writeback, we need to wait for
+		 * its completion to see the correct decrypted data.
+		 */
+		f2fs_wait_on_block_writeback(inode, block_nr);
+
+		if (!bio_add_folio(bio, folio, F2FS_BLKSIZE,
+					offset << PAGE_SHIFT))
+			goto submit_and_realloc;
+
+		folio_in_bio = true;
+		inc_page_count(F2FS_I_SB(inode), F2FS_RD_DATA);
+		f2fs_update_iostat(F2FS_I_SB(inode), NULL, FS_DATA_READ_IO,
+				F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+		last_block_in_bio = block_nr;
+	}
+	trace_f2fs_read_folio(folio, DATA);
+err_out:
+	if (!folio_in_bio) {
+		folio_end_read(folio, !ret);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+	if (rac) {
+		folio = readahead_folio(rac);
+		goto next_folio;
+	}
+out:
+	f2fs_submit_read_bio(F2FS_I_SB(inode), bio, DATA);
+	if (ret) {
+		/* Wait bios and clear uptodate. */
+		folio_lock(folio);
+		folio_clear_uptodate(folio);
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * This function was originally taken from fs/mpage.c, and customized for f2fs.
  * Major change was from block_size == page_size in f2fs by default.
@@ -2367,10 +2629,15 @@ static int f2fs_mpage_readpages(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 	pgoff_t nc_cluster_idx = NULL_CLUSTER;
 	pgoff_t index;
 #endif
+	pgoff_t next_pgofs = 0;
 	unsigned nr_pages = rac ? readahead_count(rac) : 1;
+	struct address_space *mapping = rac ? rac->mapping : folio->mapping;
 	unsigned max_nr_pages = nr_pages;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	if (mapping_large_folio_support(mapping))
+		return f2fs_read_data_large_folio(inode, vi, rac, folio);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
 	if (f2fs_compressed_file(inode)) {
 		index = rac ? readahead_index(rac) : folio->index;
@@ -2383,7 +2650,7 @@ static int f2fs_mpage_readpages(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
 	map.m_lblk = 0;
 	map.m_len = 0;
 	map.m_flags = 0;
-	map.m_next_pgofs = NULL;
+	map.m_next_pgofs = &next_pgofs;
 	map.m_next_extent = NULL;
 	map.m_seg_type = NO_CHECK_TYPE;
 	map.m_may_create = false;
@@ -2464,8 +2731,7 @@ next_page:
 		}
 #endif
 	}
-	if (bio)
-		f2fs_submit_read_bio(F2FS_I_SB(inode), bio, DATA);
+	f2fs_submit_read_bio(F2FS_I_SB(inode), bio, DATA);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2663,6 +2929,7 @@ int f2fs_do_write_data_page(struct f2fs_io_info *fio)
 	struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
 	struct node_info ni;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	bool ipu_force = false;
 	bool atomic_commit;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -2687,8 +2954,12 @@ int f2fs_do_write_data_page(struct f2fs_io_info *fio)
 		goto got_it;
 	}
 
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(fio->sbi, SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT) &&
+		time_to_inject(fio->sbi, FAULT_SKIP_WRITE))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	/* Deadlock due to between page->lock and f2fs_lock_op */
-	if (fio->need_lock == LOCK_REQ && !f2fs_trylock_op(fio->sbi))
+	if (fio->need_lock == LOCK_REQ && !f2fs_trylock_op(fio->sbi, &lc))
 		return -EAGAIN;
 
 	err = f2fs_get_dnode_of_data(&dn, folio->index, LOOKUP_NODE);
@@ -2729,7 +3000,7 @@ got_it:
 		folio_start_writeback(folio);
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 		if (fio->need_lock == LOCK_REQ)
-			f2fs_unlock_op(fio->sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(fio->sbi, &lc);
 		err = f2fs_inplace_write_data(fio);
 		if (err) {
 			if (fscrypt_inode_uses_fs_layer_crypto(inode))
@@ -2743,7 +3014,7 @@ got_it:
 	}
 
 	if (fio->need_lock == LOCK_RETRY) {
-		if (!f2fs_trylock_op(fio->sbi)) {
+		if (!f2fs_trylock_op(fio->sbi, &lc)) {
 			err = -EAGAIN;
 			goto out_writepage;
 		}
@@ -2775,7 +3046,7 @@ out_writepage:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 out:
 	if (fio->need_lock == LOCK_REQ)
-		f2fs_unlock_op(fio->sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(fio->sbi, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2855,19 +3126,21 @@ int f2fs_write_single_data_page(struct folio *folio, int *submitted,
 write:
 	/* Dentry/quota blocks are controlled by checkpoint */
 	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) || quota_inode) {
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+
 		/*
 		 * We need to wait for node_write to avoid block allocation during
 		 * checkpoint. This can only happen to quota writes which can cause
 		 * the below discard race condition.
 		 */
 		if (quota_inode)
-			f2fs_down_read(&sbi->node_write);
+			f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 
 		fio.need_lock = LOCK_DONE;
 		err = f2fs_do_write_data_page(&fio);
 
 		if (quota_inode)
-			f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+			f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 
 		goto done;
 	}
@@ -3237,6 +3510,8 @@ static inline bool __should_serialize_io(struct inode *inode,
 	if (IS_NOQUOTA(inode))
 		return false;
 
+	if (f2fs_is_pinned_file(inode))
+		return false;
 	if (f2fs_need_compress_data(inode))
 		return true;
 	if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
@@ -3259,6 +3534,16 @@ static inline void account_writeback(struct inode *inode, bool inc)
 	f2fs_up_read(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_sem);
 }
 
+static inline void update_skipped_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+						struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	long skipped = wbc->pages_skipped;
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT) && skipped &&
+		wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL)
+		atomic_add(skipped, &sbi->nr_pages[F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE]);
+}
+
 static int __f2fs_write_data_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 						struct writeback_control *wbc,
 						enum iostat_type io_type)
@@ -3323,10 +3608,19 @@ static int __f2fs_write_data_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	 */
 
 	f2fs_remove_dirty_inode(inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * f2fs_write_cache_pages() has retry logic for EAGAIN case which is
+	 * common when racing w/ checkpoint, so only update skipped write
+	 * when ret is non-zero.
+	 */
+	if (ret)
+		update_skipped_write(sbi, wbc);
 	return ret;
 
 skip_write:
 	wbc->pages_skipped += get_dirty_pages(inode);
+	update_skipped_write(sbi, wbc);
 	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, DATA);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -3368,6 +3662,7 @@ static int prepare_write_begin(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
 	pgoff_t index = folio->index;
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct folio *ifolio;
 	bool locked = false;
 	int flag = F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO;
@@ -3384,10 +3679,10 @@ static int prepare_write_begin(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	if (f2fs_has_inline_data(inode)) {
 		if (pos + len > MAX_INLINE_DATA(inode))
 			flag = F2FS_GET_BLOCK_DEFAULT;
-		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 		locked = true;
 	} else if ((pos & PAGE_MASK) >= i_size_read(inode)) {
-		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 		locked = true;
 	}
 
@@ -3431,7 +3726,7 @@ restart:
 		if (!err && dn.data_blkaddr != NULL_ADDR)
 			goto out;
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
-		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
+		f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 		WARN_ON(flag != F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 		locked = true;
 		goto restart;
@@ -3445,7 +3740,7 @@ out:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 unlock_out:
 	if (locked)
-		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, flag);
+		f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, &lc, flag);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -3481,10 +3776,11 @@ static int __reserve_data_block(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct folio *ifolio;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	f2fs_map_lock(sbi, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
+	f2fs_map_lock(sbi, &lc, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 
 	ifolio = f2fs_get_inode_folio(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 	if (IS_ERR(ifolio)) {
@@ -3502,7 +3798,7 @@ static int __reserve_data_block(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
 unlock_out:
-	f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
+	f2fs_map_unlock(sbi, &lc, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_PRE_AIO);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -3761,7 +4057,12 @@ void f2fs_invalidate_folio(struct folio *folio, size_t offset, size_t length)
 			f2fs_remove_dirty_inode(inode);
 		}
 	}
-	folio_detach_private(folio);
+
+	if (offset || length != folio_size(folio))
+		return;
+
+	folio_cancel_dirty(folio);
+	ffs_detach_free(folio);
 }
 
 bool f2fs_release_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t wait)
@@ -3770,7 +4071,7 @@ bool f2fs_release_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t wait)
 	if (folio_test_dirty(folio))
 		return false;
 
-	folio_detach_private(folio);
+	ffs_detach_free(folio);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -3955,6 +4256,7 @@ static int check_swap_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis,
 
 	while (cur_lblock < last_lblock && cur_lblock < sis->max) {
 		struct f2fs_map_blocks map;
+		bool last_extent = false;
 retry:
 		cond_resched();
 
@@ -3980,11 +4282,10 @@ retry:
 		pblock = map.m_pblk;
 		nr_pblocks = map.m_len;
 
-		if ((pblock - SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr) % blks_per_sec ||
-				nr_pblocks % blks_per_sec ||
-				f2fs_is_sequential_zone_area(sbi, pblock)) {
-			bool last_extent = false;
-
+		if (!last_extent &&
+			((pblock - SM_I(sbi)->main_blkaddr) % blks_per_sec ||
+			nr_pblocks % blks_per_sec ||
+			f2fs_is_sequential_zone_area(sbi, pblock))) {
 			not_aligned++;
 
 			nr_pblocks = roundup(nr_pblocks, blks_per_sec);
@@ -4005,8 +4306,8 @@ retry:
 				goto out;
 			}
 
-			if (!last_extent)
-				goto retry;
+			/* lookup block mapping info after block migration */
+			goto retry;
 		}
 
 		if (cur_lblock + nr_pblocks >= sis->max)
@@ -4176,12 +4477,25 @@ int __init f2fs_init_bio_entry_cache(void)
 {
 	bio_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_bio_entry_slab",
 			sizeof(struct bio_entry));
-	return bio_entry_slab ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (!bio_entry_slab)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ffs_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_ffs_slab",
+			sizeof(struct f2fs_folio_state));
+
+	if (!ffs_entry_slab) {
+		kmem_cache_destroy(bio_entry_slab);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void f2fs_destroy_bio_entry_cache(void)
 {
 	kmem_cache_destroy(bio_entry_slab);
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ffs_entry_slab);
 }
 
 static int f2fs_iomap_begin(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t length,
@@ -4207,7 +4521,7 @@ static int f2fs_iomap_begin(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t length,
 	 * f2fs_map_lock and f2fs_balance_fs are not necessary.
 	 */
 	if ((flags & IOMAP_WRITE) &&
-		!f2fs_overwrite_io(inode, offset, length))
+		!__f2fs_overwrite_io(inode, offset, length, true))
 		map.m_may_create = true;
 
 	err = f2fs_map_blocks(inode, &map, F2FS_GET_BLOCK_DIO);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/debug.c b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
index 032683835569..8e1040e375a7 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/debug.c
@@ -423,6 +423,7 @@ static const char *s_flag[MAX_SBI_FLAG] = {
 	[SBI_IS_RESIZEFS]	= "resizefs",
 	[SBI_IS_FREEZING]	= "freezefs",
 	[SBI_IS_WRITABLE]	= "writable",
+	[SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT]	= "enable_checkpoint",
 };
 
 static const char *ipu_mode_names[F2FS_IPU_MAX] = {
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index a90a62cfe617..bb34e864d0ef 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ enum {
 	FAULT_TRUNCATE,
 	FAULT_READ_IO,
 	FAULT_CHECKPOINT,
-	FAULT_DISCARD,
+	FAULT_DISCARD,		/* it's obsolete due to __blkdev_issue_discard() will never fail */
 	FAULT_WRITE_IO,
 	FAULT_SLAB_ALLOC,
 	FAULT_DQUOT_INIT,
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ enum {
 	FAULT_BLKADDR_CONSISTENCE,
 	FAULT_NO_SEGMENT,
 	FAULT_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER,
-	FAULT_TIMEOUT,
+	FAULT_ATOMIC_TIMEOUT,
 	FAULT_VMALLOC,
+	FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT,
+	FAULT_SKIP_WRITE,
 	FAULT_MAX,
 };
 
@@ -72,7 +74,8 @@ enum {
 enum fault_option {
 	FAULT_RATE	= 1,	/* only update fault rate */
 	FAULT_TYPE	= 2,	/* only update fault type */
-	FAULT_ALL	= 4,	/* reset all fault injection options/stats */
+	FAULT_TIMEOUT	= 4,	/* only update fault timeout type */
+	FAULT_ALL	= 8,	/* reset all fault injection options/stats */
 };
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ struct f2fs_fault_info {
 	unsigned int inject_type;
 	/* Used to account total count of injection for each type */
 	unsigned int inject_count[FAULT_MAX];
+	unsigned int inject_lock_timeout;	/* inject lock timeout */
 };
 
 extern const char *f2fs_fault_name[FAULT_MAX];
@@ -173,6 +177,26 @@ enum device_allocation_policy {
 	ALLOCATE_FORWARD_FROM_HINT,
 };
 
+enum f2fs_lock_name {
+	LOCK_NAME_NONE,
+	LOCK_NAME_CP_RWSEM,
+	LOCK_NAME_NODE_CHANGE,
+	LOCK_NAME_NODE_WRITE,
+	LOCK_NAME_GC_LOCK,
+	LOCK_NAME_CP_GLOBAL,
+	LOCK_NAME_IO_RWSEM,
+	LOCK_NAME_MAX,
+};
+
+enum f2fs_timeout_type {
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_NONE,
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_RUNNING,
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_IO_SLEEP,
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_NONIO_SLEEP,
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_RUNNABLE,
+	TIMEOUT_TYPE_MAX,
+};
+
 /*
  * An implementation of an rwsem that is explicitly unfair to readers. This
  * prevents priority inversion when a low-priority reader acquires the read lock
@@ -181,6 +205,8 @@ enum device_allocation_policy {
  */
 
 struct f2fs_rwsem {
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi;
+	enum f2fs_lock_name name;
         struct rw_semaphore internal_rwsem;
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_UNFAIR_RWSEM
         wait_queue_head_t read_waiters;
@@ -287,7 +313,6 @@ enum {
 #define DEF_CP_INTERVAL			60	/* 60 secs */
 #define DEF_IDLE_INTERVAL		5	/* 5 secs */
 #define DEF_DISABLE_INTERVAL		5	/* 5 secs */
-#define DEF_ENABLE_INTERVAL		5	/* 5 secs */
 #define DEF_DISABLE_QUICK_INTERVAL	1	/* 1 secs */
 #define DEF_UMOUNT_DISCARD_TIMEOUT	5	/* 5 secs */
 
@@ -295,7 +320,9 @@ enum cp_time {
 	CP_TIME_START,		/* begin */
 	CP_TIME_LOCK,		/* after cp_global_sem */
 	CP_TIME_OP_LOCK,	/* after block_operation */
-	CP_TIME_FLUSH_META,	/* after flush sit/nat */
+	CP_TIME_MERGE_WRITE,	/* after flush DATA/NODE/META */
+	CP_TIME_FLUSH_NAT,	/* after flush nat */
+	CP_TIME_FLUSH_SIT,	/* after flush sit */
 	CP_TIME_SYNC_META,	/* after sync_meta_pages */
 	CP_TIME_SYNC_CP_META,	/* after sync cp meta pages */
 	CP_TIME_WAIT_DIRTY_META,/* after wait on dirty meta */
@@ -521,13 +548,25 @@ struct fsync_inode_entry {
 #define nats_in_cursum(jnl)		(le16_to_cpu((jnl)->n_nats))
 #define sits_in_cursum(jnl)		(le16_to_cpu((jnl)->n_sits))
 
-#define nat_in_journal(jnl, i)		((jnl)->nat_j.entries[i].ne)
-#define nid_in_journal(jnl, i)		((jnl)->nat_j.entries[i].nid)
-#define sit_in_journal(jnl, i)		((jnl)->sit_j.entries[i].se)
-#define segno_in_journal(jnl, i)	((jnl)->sit_j.entries[i].segno)
-
-#define MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(jnl)	(NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES - nats_in_cursum(jnl))
-#define MAX_SIT_JENTRIES(jnl)	(SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES - sits_in_cursum(jnl))
+#define nat_in_journal(jnl, i) \
+	(((struct nat_journal_entry *)(jnl)->nat_j.entries)[i].ne)
+#define nid_in_journal(jnl, i) \
+	(((struct nat_journal_entry *)(jnl)->nat_j.entries)[i].nid)
+#define sit_in_journal(jnl, i) \
+	(((struct sit_journal_entry *)(jnl)->sit_j.entries)[i].se)
+#define segno_in_journal(jnl, i) \
+	(((struct sit_journal_entry *)(jnl)->sit_j.entries)[i].segno)
+
+#define sum_entries(sum)	((struct f2fs_summary *)(sum))
+#define sum_journal(sbi, sum) \
+	((struct f2fs_journal *)((char *)(sum) + \
+	((sbi)->entries_in_sum * sizeof(struct f2fs_summary))))
+#define sum_footer(sbi, sum) \
+	((struct summary_footer *)((char *)(sum) + (sbi)->sum_blocksize - \
+	sizeof(struct summary_footer)))
+
+#define MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(sbi, jnl)	((sbi)->nat_journal_entries - nats_in_cursum(jnl))
+#define MAX_SIT_JENTRIES(sbi, jnl)	((sbi)->sit_journal_entries - sits_in_cursum(jnl))
 
 static inline int update_nats_in_cursum(struct f2fs_journal *journal, int i)
 {
@@ -545,14 +584,6 @@ static inline int update_sits_in_cursum(struct f2fs_journal *journal, int i)
 	return before;
 }
 
-static inline bool __has_cursum_space(struct f2fs_journal *journal,
-							int size, int type)
-{
-	if (type == NAT_JOURNAL)
-		return size <= MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(journal);
-	return size <= MAX_SIT_JENTRIES(journal);
-}
-
 /* for inline stuff */
 #define DEF_INLINE_RESERVED_SIZE	1
 static inline int get_extra_isize(struct inode *inode);
@@ -669,8 +700,10 @@ enum {
 
 #define DEFAULT_RETRY_IO_COUNT	8	/* maximum retry read IO or flush count */
 
-/* IO/non-IO congestion wait timeout value, default: 1ms */
-#define	DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT	(msecs_to_jiffies(1))
+#define MAX_FLUSH_RETRY_COUNT	3	/* maximum flush retry count in f2fs_enable_checkpoint() */
+
+/* IO/non-IO congestion wait timeout value, default: 1 jiffies */
+#define	DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT	1
 
 /* timeout value injected, default: 1000ms */
 #define DEFAULT_FAULT_TIMEOUT	(msecs_to_jiffies(1000))
@@ -1208,6 +1241,7 @@ enum count_type {
 	F2FS_RD_META,
 	F2FS_DIO_WRITE,
 	F2FS_DIO_READ,
+	F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE,	/* skip or fail during f2fs_enable_checkpoint() */
 	NR_COUNT_TYPE,
 };
 
@@ -1396,6 +1430,27 @@ struct atgc_management {
 	unsigned long long age_threshold;	/* age threshold */
 };
 
+struct f2fs_time_stat {
+	unsigned long long total_time;		/* total wall clock time */
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	unsigned long long running_time;	/* running time */
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_INFO) && defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
+	unsigned long long runnable_time;	/* runnable(including preempted) time */
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
+	unsigned long long io_sleep_time;	/* IO sleep time */
+#endif
+};
+
+struct f2fs_lock_context {
+	struct f2fs_time_stat ts;
+	int orig_nice;
+	int new_nice;
+	bool lock_trace;
+	bool need_restore;
+};
+
 struct f2fs_gc_control {
 	unsigned int victim_segno;	/* target victim segment number */
 	int init_gc_type;		/* FG_GC or BG_GC */
@@ -1404,6 +1459,7 @@ struct f2fs_gc_control {
 	bool err_gc_skipped;		/* return EAGAIN if GC skipped */
 	bool one_time;			/* require one time GC in one migration unit */
 	unsigned int nr_free_secs;	/* # of free sections to do GC */
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;	/* lock context for gc_lock */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -1427,6 +1483,7 @@ enum {
 	SBI_IS_RESIZEFS,			/* resizefs is in process */
 	SBI_IS_FREEZING,			/* freezefs is in process */
 	SBI_IS_WRITABLE,			/* remove ro mountoption transiently */
+	SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT,			/* indicate it's during f2fs_enable_checkpoint() */
 	MAX_SBI_FLAG,
 };
 
@@ -1436,7 +1493,6 @@ enum {
 	DISCARD_TIME,
 	GC_TIME,
 	DISABLE_TIME,
-	ENABLE_TIME,
 	UMOUNT_DISCARD_TIMEOUT,
 	MAX_TIME,
 };
@@ -1522,6 +1578,20 @@ enum f2fs_lookup_mode {
 	LOOKUP_AUTO,
 };
 
+/* For node type in __get_node_folio() */
+enum node_type {
+	NODE_TYPE_REGULAR,
+	NODE_TYPE_INODE,
+	NODE_TYPE_XATTR,
+	NODE_TYPE_NON_INODE,
+};
+
+/* a threshold of maximum elapsed time in critical region to print tracepoint */
+#define MAX_LOCK_ELAPSED_TIME		500
+
+#define F2FS_DEFAULT_TASK_PRIORITY		(DEFAULT_PRIO)
+#define F2FS_CRITICAL_TASK_PRIORITY		NICE_TO_PRIO(0)
+
 static inline int f2fs_test_bit(unsigned int nr, char *addr);
 static inline void f2fs_set_bit(unsigned int nr, char *addr);
 static inline void f2fs_clear_bit(unsigned int nr, char *addr);
@@ -1714,7 +1784,6 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	long interval_time[MAX_TIME];		/* to store thresholds */
 	struct ckpt_req_control cprc_info;	/* for checkpoint request control */
 	struct cp_stats cp_stats;		/* for time stat of checkpoint */
-	struct f2fs_rwsem cp_enable_rwsem;	/* block cache/dio write */
 
 	struct inode_management im[MAX_INO_ENTRY];	/* manage inode cache */
 
@@ -1760,7 +1829,16 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	unsigned int total_valid_node_count;	/* valid node block count */
 	int dir_level;				/* directory level */
 	bool readdir_ra;			/* readahead inode in readdir */
-	u64 max_io_bytes;			/* max io bytes to merge IOs */
+	unsigned int max_io_bytes;		/* max io bytes to merge IOs */
+
+	/* variable summary block units */
+	unsigned int sum_blocksize;		/* sum block size */
+	unsigned int sums_per_block;		/* sum block count per block */
+	unsigned int entries_in_sum;		/* entry count in sum block */
+	unsigned int sum_entry_size;		/* total entry size in sum block */
+	unsigned int sum_journal_size;		/* journal size in sum block */
+	unsigned int nat_journal_entries;	/* nat journal entry count in the journal */
+	unsigned int sit_journal_entries;	/* sit journal entry count in the journal */
 
 	block_t user_block_count;		/* # of user blocks */
 	block_t total_valid_block_count;	/* # of valid blocks */
@@ -1908,7 +1986,7 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	unsigned int gc_segment_mode;		/* GC state for reclaimed segments */
 	unsigned int gc_reclaimed_segs[MAX_GC_MODE];	/* Reclaimed segs for each mode */
 
-	unsigned long seq_file_ra_mul;		/* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
+	unsigned int seq_file_ra_mul;		/* multiplier for ra_pages of seq. files in fadvise */
 
 	int max_fragment_chunk;			/* max chunk size for block fragmentation mode */
 	int max_fragment_hole;			/* max hole size for block fragmentation mode */
@@ -1922,6 +2000,18 @@ struct f2fs_sb_info {
 	/* carve out reserved_blocks from total blocks */
 	bool carve_out;
 
+	/* max elapsed time threshold in critical region that lock covered */
+	unsigned long long max_lock_elapsed_time;
+
+	/* enable/disable to adjust task priority in critical region covered by lock */
+	unsigned int adjust_lock_priority;
+
+	/* adjust priority for task which is in critical region covered by lock */
+	unsigned int lock_duration_priority;
+
+	/* priority for critical task, e.g. f2fs_ckpt, f2fs_gc threads */
+	long critical_task_priority;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION
 	struct kmem_cache *page_array_slab;	/* page array entry */
 	unsigned int page_array_slab_size;	/* default page array slab size */
@@ -2261,16 +2351,22 @@ static inline void clear_ckpt_flags(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int f)
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
 }
 
-#define init_f2fs_rwsem(sem)					\
+#define init_f2fs_rwsem(sem)	__init_f2fs_rwsem(sem, NULL, LOCK_NAME_NONE)
+#define init_f2fs_rwsem_trace	__init_f2fs_rwsem
+
+#define __init_f2fs_rwsem(sem, sbi, name)			\
 do {								\
 	static struct lock_class_key __key;			\
 								\
-	__init_f2fs_rwsem((sem), #sem, &__key);			\
+	do_init_f2fs_rwsem((sem), #sem, &__key, sbi, name);	\
 } while (0)
 
-static inline void __init_f2fs_rwsem(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
-		const char *sem_name, struct lock_class_key *key)
+static inline void do_init_f2fs_rwsem(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+		const char *sem_name, struct lock_class_key *key,
+		struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum f2fs_lock_name name)
 {
+	sem->sbi = sbi;
+	sem->name = name;
 	__init_rwsem(&sem->internal_rwsem, sem_name, key);
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_UNFAIR_RWSEM
 	init_waitqueue_head(&sem->read_waiters);
@@ -2339,6 +2435,16 @@ static inline void f2fs_up_write(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem)
 #endif
 }
 
+void f2fs_down_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+int f2fs_down_read_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+						struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+void f2fs_up_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+void f2fs_down_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+						struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+int f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+						struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+void f2fs_up_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+
 static inline void disable_nat_bits(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool lock)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -2369,33 +2475,6 @@ static inline bool enabled_nat_bits(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	return (cpc) ? (cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT) && set : set;
 }
 
-static inline void f2fs_lock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	f2fs_down_read(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-}
-
-static inline int f2fs_trylock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_LOCK_OP))
-		return 0;
-	return f2fs_down_read_trylock(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-}
-
-static inline void f2fs_unlock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	f2fs_up_read(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-}
-
-static inline void f2fs_lock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-}
-
-static inline void f2fs_unlock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
-{
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-}
-
 static inline int __get_cp_reason(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	int reason = CP_SYNC;
@@ -2811,6 +2890,14 @@ static inline block_t __start_sum_addr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	return le32_to_cpu(F2FS_CKPT(sbi)->cp_pack_start_sum);
 }
 
+static inline bool __has_cursum_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+		struct f2fs_journal *journal, unsigned int size, int type)
+{
+	if (type == NAT_JOURNAL)
+		return size <= MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(sbi, journal);
+	return size <= MAX_SIT_JENTRIES(sbi, journal);
+}
+
 extern void f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(struct inode *inode, bool sync);
 static inline int inc_valid_node_count(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					struct inode *inode, bool is_inode)
@@ -3722,7 +3809,7 @@ void f2fs_update_inode_page(struct inode *inode);
 int f2fs_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc);
 void f2fs_remove_donate_inode(struct inode *inode);
 void f2fs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode);
-void f2fs_handle_failed_inode(struct inode *inode);
+void f2fs_handle_failed_inode(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
 
 /*
  * namei.c
@@ -3855,6 +3942,9 @@ struct folio *f2fs_new_node_folio(struct dnode_of_data *dn, unsigned int ofs);
 void f2fs_ra_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid);
 struct folio *f2fs_get_node_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t nid,
 						enum node_type node_type);
+int f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					struct folio *folio, pgoff_t nid,
+					enum node_type ntype, bool in_irq);
 struct folio *f2fs_get_inode_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t ino);
 struct folio *f2fs_get_xnode_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t xnid);
 int f2fs_move_node_folio(struct folio *node_folio, int gc_type);
@@ -3954,7 +4044,8 @@ void f2fs_wait_on_block_writeback_range(struct inode *inode, block_t blkaddr,
 								block_t len);
 void f2fs_write_data_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk);
 void f2fs_write_node_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk);
-int f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_journal *journal, int type,
+int f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct f2fs_journal *journal, int type,
 			unsigned int val, int alloc);
 void f2fs_flush_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc);
 int f2fs_check_and_fix_write_pointer(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
@@ -3989,6 +4080,9 @@ static inline bool f2fs_need_rand_seg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 /*
  * checkpoint.c
  */
+void f2fs_lock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+int f2fs_trylock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
+void f2fs_unlock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc);
 void f2fs_stop_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool end_io,
 							unsigned char reason);
 void f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
@@ -4004,8 +4098,8 @@ int f2fs_ra_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start, int nrpages,
 			int type, bool sync);
 void f2fs_ra_meta_pages_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index,
 							unsigned int ra_blocks);
-long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type,
-			long nr_to_write, enum iostat_type io_type);
+long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, long nr_to_write,
+			enum iostat_type io_type);
 void f2fs_add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type);
 void f2fs_remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type);
 void f2fs_release_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool all);
@@ -4050,6 +4144,8 @@ void f2fs_submit_merged_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type);
 void f2fs_submit_merged_write_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 				struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio,
 				nid_t ino, enum page_type type);
+void f2fs_submit_merged_write_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				struct folio *folio, enum page_type type);
 void f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					struct bio **bio, struct folio *folio);
 void f2fs_flush_merged_writes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
@@ -4887,6 +4983,7 @@ static inline bool f2fs_allow_multi_device_dio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
 extern int f2fs_build_fault_attr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned long rate,
 					unsigned long type, enum fault_option fo);
+extern void f2fs_simulate_lock_timeout(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi);
 #else
 static inline int f2fs_build_fault_attr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					unsigned long rate, unsigned long type,
@@ -4894,6 +4991,10 @@ static inline int f2fs_build_fault_attr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+static inline void f2fs_simulate_lock_timeout(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	return;
+}
 #endif
 
 static inline bool is_journalled_quota(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
@@ -4909,6 +5010,22 @@ static inline bool is_journalled_quota(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static inline bool f2fs_quota_file(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	int i;
+
+	if (!f2fs_sb_has_quota_ino(sbi))
+		return false;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAXQUOTAS; i++) {
+		if (f2fs_qf_ino(sbi->sb, i) == ino)
+			return true;
+	}
+#endif
+	return false;
+}
+
 static inline bool f2fs_block_unit_discard(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	return F2FS_OPTION(sbi).discard_unit == DISCARD_UNIT_BLOCK;
@@ -4928,16 +5045,14 @@ static inline void __f2fs_schedule_timeout(long timeout, bool io)
 #define f2fs_schedule_timeout(timeout)			\
 			__f2fs_schedule_timeout(timeout, false)
 
-static inline void f2fs_io_schedule_timeout_killable(long timeout)
+static inline void f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(long timeout, bool io)
 {
-	while (timeout) {
+	unsigned long last_time = jiffies + timeout;
+
+	while (jiffies < last_time) {
 		if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
 			return;
-		set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
-		io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
-		if (timeout <= DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT)
-			return;
-		timeout -= DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
+		__f2fs_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT, io);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/file.c b/fs/f2fs/file.c
index 1fdbe18692be..c8a2f17a8f11 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/file.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/file.c
@@ -626,6 +626,10 @@ static int f2fs_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 	if (!f2fs_is_compress_backend_ready(inode))
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
+	if (mapping_large_folio_support(inode->i_mapping) &&
+	    filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
 	err = fsverity_file_open(inode, filp);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
@@ -772,6 +776,7 @@ int f2fs_do_truncate_blocks(struct inode *inode, u64 from, bool lock)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	pgoff_t free_from;
 	int count = 0, err = 0;
 	struct folio *ifolio;
@@ -790,7 +795,7 @@ int f2fs_do_truncate_blocks(struct inode *inode, u64 from, bool lock)
 		goto free_partial;
 
 	if (lock)
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	ifolio = f2fs_get_inode_folio(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 	if (IS_ERR(ifolio)) {
@@ -841,7 +846,7 @@ free_next:
 	err = f2fs_truncate_inode_blocks(inode, free_from);
 out:
 	if (lock)
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 free_partial:
 	/* lastly zero out the first data page */
 	if (!err)
@@ -1112,11 +1117,13 @@ int f2fs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 	}
 	if (i_uid_needs_update(idmap, attr, inode) ||
 	    i_gid_needs_update(idmap, attr, inode)) {
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		err = dquot_transfer(idmap, inode, attr);
 		if (err) {
 			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR);
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			return err;
 		}
 		/*
@@ -1126,7 +1133,7 @@ int f2fs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 		i_uid_update(idmap, attr, inode);
 		i_gid_update(idmap, attr, inode);
 		f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode, true);
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	}
 
 	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
@@ -1210,15 +1217,16 @@ static int fill_zero(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct folio *folio;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 
 	if (!len)
 		return 0;
 
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	folio = f2fs_get_new_data_folio(inode, NULL, index, false);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	if (IS_ERR(folio))
 		return PTR_ERR(folio);
@@ -1301,6 +1309,7 @@ static int f2fs_punch_hole(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 		if (pg_start < pg_end) {
 			loff_t blk_start, blk_end;
 			struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+			struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 
 			f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
@@ -1312,9 +1321,9 @@ static int f2fs_punch_hole(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 
 			truncate_pagecache_range(inode, blk_start, blk_end - 1);
 
-			f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			ret = f2fs_truncate_hole(inode, pg_start, pg_end);
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 			filemap_invalidate_unlock(inode->i_mapping);
 			f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
@@ -1546,6 +1555,7 @@ roll_back:
 static int f2fs_do_collapse(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	pgoff_t nrpages = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(inode), PAGE_SIZE);
 	pgoff_t start = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	pgoff_t end = (offset + len) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
@@ -1559,11 +1569,11 @@ static int f2fs_do_collapse(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 
 	f2fs_zero_post_eof_page(inode, offset + len, false);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	f2fs_drop_extent_tree(inode);
 	truncate_pagecache(inode, offset);
 	ret = __exchange_data_block(inode, inode, end, start, nrpages - end, true);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	filemap_invalidate_unlock(inode->i_mapping);
 	f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
@@ -1711,6 +1721,7 @@ static int f2fs_zero_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len,
 
 		for (index = pg_start; index < pg_end;) {
 			struct dnode_of_data dn;
+			struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 			unsigned int end_offset;
 			pgoff_t end;
 
@@ -1721,12 +1732,12 @@ static int f2fs_zero_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len,
 				(loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT,
 				((loff_t)pg_end << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
 
-			f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 			set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
 			ret = f2fs_get_dnode_of_data(&dn, index, ALLOC_NODE);
 			if (ret) {
-				f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+				f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 				filemap_invalidate_unlock(mapping);
 				f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
 				goto out;
@@ -1738,7 +1749,7 @@ static int f2fs_zero_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len,
 			ret = f2fs_do_zero_range(&dn, index, end);
 			f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			filemap_invalidate_unlock(mapping);
 			f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
 
@@ -1821,17 +1832,19 @@ static int f2fs_insert_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 	truncate_pagecache(inode, offset);
 
 	while (!ret && idx > pg_start) {
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+
 		nr = idx - pg_start;
 		if (nr > delta)
 			nr = delta;
 		idx -= nr;
 
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		f2fs_drop_extent_tree(inode);
 
 		ret = __exchange_data_block(inode, inode, idx,
 					idx + delta, nr, false);
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	}
 	filemap_invalidate_unlock(mapping);
 	f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
@@ -1913,7 +1926,7 @@ next_alloc:
 
 		if (has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi, 0,
 				sbi->reserved_pin_section)) {
-			f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+			f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 			stat_inc_gc_call_count(sbi, FOREGROUND);
 			err = f2fs_gc(sbi, &gc_control);
 			if (err && err != -ENODATA) {
@@ -2448,7 +2461,7 @@ int f2fs_do_shutdown(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int flag,
 		f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi, false, STOP_CP_REASON_SHUTDOWN);
 		break;
 	case F2FS_GOING_DOWN_METAFLUSH:
-		f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX, FS_META_IO);
+		f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_META_IO);
 		f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi, false, STOP_CP_REASON_SHUTDOWN);
 		break;
 	case F2FS_GOING_DOWN_NEED_FSCK:
@@ -2764,12 +2777,13 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_gc(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 		return ret;
 
 	if (!sync) {
-		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->gc_lock)) {
+		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->gc_lock,
+						&gc_control.lc)) {
 			ret = -EBUSY;
 			goto out;
 		}
 	} else {
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 	}
 
 	gc_control.init_gc_type = sync ? FG_GC : BG_GC;
@@ -2809,12 +2823,12 @@ static int __f2fs_ioc_gc_range(struct file *filp, struct f2fs_gc_range *range)
 
 do_more:
 	if (!range->sync) {
-		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->gc_lock)) {
+		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc)) {
 			ret = -EBUSY;
 			goto out;
 		}
 	} else {
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 	}
 
 	gc_control.victim_segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, range->start);
@@ -3087,6 +3101,7 @@ static int f2fs_move_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 	struct inode *src = file_inode(file_in);
 	struct inode *dst = file_inode(file_out);
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(src);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	size_t olen = len, dst_max_i_size = 0;
 	size_t dst_osize;
 	int ret;
@@ -3182,7 +3197,7 @@ static int f2fs_move_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 			goto out_src;
 	}
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	ret = __exchange_data_block(src, dst, F2FS_BYTES_TO_BLK(pos_in),
 				F2FS_BYTES_TO_BLK(pos_out),
 				F2FS_BYTES_TO_BLK(len), false);
@@ -3193,7 +3208,7 @@ static int f2fs_move_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
 		else if (dst_osize != dst->i_size)
 			f2fs_i_size_write(dst, dst_osize);
 	}
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	if (src != dst)
 		f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(dst)->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
@@ -3304,7 +3319,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_flush_device(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	end_segno = min(start_segno + range.segments, dev_end_segno);
 
 	while (start_segno < end_segno) {
-		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->gc_lock)) {
+		if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc)) {
 			ret = -EBUSY;
 			goto out;
 		}
@@ -3361,6 +3376,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_setproject(struct inode *inode, __u32 projid)
 	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct f2fs_inode *ri = NULL;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	kprojid_t kprojid;
 	int err;
 
@@ -3391,7 +3407,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_setproject(struct inode *inode, __u32 projid)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_transfer_project_quota(inode, kprojid);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_unlock;
@@ -3400,7 +3416,7 @@ static int f2fs_ioc_setproject(struct inode *inode, __u32 projid)
 	inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
 	f2fs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode, true);
 out_unlock:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 #else
@@ -3833,6 +3849,7 @@ static int f2fs_release_compress_blocks(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
 	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	pgoff_t page_idx = 0, last_idx;
 	unsigned int released_blocks = 0;
 	int ret;
@@ -3887,12 +3904,12 @@ static int f2fs_release_compress_blocks(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 		struct dnode_of_data dn;
 		pgoff_t end_offset, count;
 
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
 		ret = f2fs_get_dnode_of_data(&dn, page_idx, LOOKUP_NODE);
 		if (ret) {
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			if (ret == -ENOENT) {
 				page_idx = f2fs_get_next_page_offset(&dn,
 								page_idx);
@@ -3910,7 +3927,7 @@ static int f2fs_release_compress_blocks(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		if (ret < 0)
 			break;
@@ -4063,14 +4080,15 @@ static int f2fs_reserve_compress_blocks(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 
 	while (page_idx < last_idx) {
 		struct dnode_of_data dn;
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 		pgoff_t end_offset, count;
 
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		set_new_dnode(&dn, inode, NULL, NULL, 0);
 		ret = f2fs_get_dnode_of_data(&dn, page_idx, LOOKUP_NODE);
 		if (ret) {
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			if (ret == -ENOENT) {
 				page_idx = f2fs_get_next_page_offset(&dn,
 								page_idx);
@@ -4088,7 +4106,7 @@ static int f2fs_reserve_compress_blocks(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
 
 		f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		if (ret < 0)
 			break;
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/gc.c b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
index 384fa7e2085b..f46b2673d31f 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/gc.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/gc.c
@@ -102,21 +102,22 @@ static int gc_thread_func(void *data)
 		if (sbi->gc_mode == GC_URGENT_HIGH ||
 				sbi->gc_mode == GC_URGENT_MID) {
 			wait_ms = gc_th->urgent_sleep_time;
-			f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+			f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 			goto do_gc;
 		}
 
 		if (foreground) {
-			f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+			f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 			goto do_gc;
-		} else if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->gc_lock)) {
+		} else if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->gc_lock,
+							&gc_control.lc)) {
 			stat_other_skip_bggc_count(sbi);
 			goto next;
 		}
 
 		if (!is_idle(sbi, GC_TIME)) {
 			increase_sleep_time(gc_th, &wait_ms);
-			f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+			f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 			stat_io_skip_bggc_count(sbi);
 			goto next;
 		}
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ static int gc_thread_func(void *data)
 			if (has_enough_free_blocks(sbi,
 				gc_th->no_zoned_gc_percent)) {
 				wait_ms = gc_th->no_gc_sleep_time;
-				f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+				f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock,
+							&gc_control.lc);
 				goto next;
 			}
 			if (wait_ms == gc_th->no_gc_sleep_time)
@@ -232,6 +234,8 @@ int f2fs_start_gc_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 		return err;
 	}
 
+	set_user_nice(gc_th->f2fs_gc_task,
+			PRIO_TO_NICE(sbi->critical_task_priority));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1031,7 +1035,8 @@ static int check_valid_map(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
  * ignore that.
  */
 static int gc_node_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
-		struct f2fs_summary *sum, unsigned int segno, int gc_type)
+		struct f2fs_summary *sum, unsigned int segno, int gc_type,
+		struct blk_plug *plug)
 {
 	struct f2fs_summary *entry;
 	block_t start_addr;
@@ -1100,8 +1105,11 @@ next_step:
 		stat_inc_node_blk_count(sbi, 1, gc_type);
 	}
 
-	if (++phase < 3)
+	if (++phase < 3) {
+		blk_finish_plug(plug);
+		blk_start_plug(plug);
 		goto next_step;
+	}
 
 	if (fggc)
 		atomic_dec(&sbi->wb_sync_req[NODE]);
@@ -1453,7 +1461,11 @@ up_out:
 put_out:
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 out:
-	f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+	if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		__folio_set_dropbehind(folio);
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+	folio_end_dropbehind(folio);
+	folio_put(folio);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1535,7 +1547,7 @@ out:
  */
 static int gc_data_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_summary *sum,
 		struct gc_inode_list *gc_list, unsigned int segno, int gc_type,
-		bool force_migrate)
+		bool force_migrate, struct blk_plug *plug)
 {
 	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
 	struct f2fs_summary *entry;
@@ -1703,8 +1715,11 @@ next_step:
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (++phase < 5)
+	if (++phase < 5) {
+		blk_finish_plug(plug);
+		blk_start_plug(plug);
 		goto next_step;
+	}
 
 	return submitted;
 }
@@ -1769,8 +1784,8 @@ static int do_garbage_collect(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 	sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, get_seg_entry(sbi, segno)->type);
 
-	segno = rounddown(segno, SUMS_PER_BLOCK);
-	sum_blk_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(end_segno - segno, SUMS_PER_BLOCK);
+	segno = rounddown(segno, sbi->sums_per_block);
+	sum_blk_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(end_segno - segno, sbi->sums_per_block);
 	/* readahead multi ssa blocks those have contiguous address */
 	if (__is_large_section(sbi))
 		f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno),
@@ -1780,17 +1795,17 @@ static int do_garbage_collect(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	while (segno < end_segno) {
 		struct folio *sum_folio = f2fs_get_sum_folio(sbi, segno);
 
-		segno += SUMS_PER_BLOCK;
+		segno += sbi->sums_per_block;
 		if (IS_ERR(sum_folio)) {
 			int err = PTR_ERR(sum_folio);
 
-			end_segno = segno - SUMS_PER_BLOCK;
-			segno = rounddown(start_segno, SUMS_PER_BLOCK);
+			end_segno = segno - sbi->sums_per_block;
+			segno = rounddown(start_segno, sbi->sums_per_block);
 			while (segno < end_segno) {
 				sum_folio = filemap_get_folio(META_MAPPING(sbi),
 						GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno));
 				folio_put_refs(sum_folio, 2);
-				segno += SUMS_PER_BLOCK;
+				segno += sbi->sums_per_block;
 			}
 			return err;
 		}
@@ -1806,8 +1821,8 @@ static int do_garbage_collect(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		/* find segment summary of victim */
 		struct folio *sum_folio = filemap_get_folio(META_MAPPING(sbi),
 					GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno));
-		unsigned int block_end_segno = rounddown(segno, SUMS_PER_BLOCK)
-					+ SUMS_PER_BLOCK;
+		unsigned int block_end_segno = rounddown(segno, sbi->sums_per_block)
+					+ sbi->sums_per_block;
 
 		if (block_end_segno > end_segno)
 			block_end_segno = end_segno;
@@ -1833,12 +1848,13 @@ static int do_garbage_collect(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					migrated >= sbi->migration_granularity)
 				continue;
 
-			sum = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sum_folio, cur_segno);
-			if (type != GET_SUM_TYPE((&sum->footer))) {
+			sum = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sbi, sum_folio, cur_segno);
+			if (type != GET_SUM_TYPE(sum_footer(sbi, sum))) {
 				f2fs_err(sbi, "Inconsistent segment (%u) type "
 						"[%d, %d] in SSA and SIT",
 						cur_segno, type,
-						GET_SUM_TYPE((&sum->footer)));
+						GET_SUM_TYPE(
+						sum_footer(sbi, sum)));
 				f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi, false,
 						STOP_CP_REASON_CORRUPTED_SUMMARY);
 				continue;
@@ -1853,11 +1869,11 @@ static int do_garbage_collect(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 			 */
 			if (type == SUM_TYPE_NODE)
 				submitted += gc_node_segment(sbi, sum->entries,
-						cur_segno, gc_type);
+						cur_segno, gc_type, &plug);
 			else
 				submitted += gc_data_segment(sbi, sum->entries,
 						gc_list, cur_segno,
-						gc_type, force_migrate);
+						gc_type, force_migrate, &plug);
 
 			stat_inc_gc_seg_count(sbi, data_type, gc_type);
 			sbi->gc_reclaimed_segs[sbi->gc_mode]++;
@@ -2000,7 +2016,7 @@ retry:
 		goto stop;
 	}
 
-	__get_secs_required(sbi, NULL, &upper_secs, NULL);
+	upper_secs = __get_secs_required(sbi);
 
 	/*
 	 * Write checkpoint to reclaim prefree segments.
@@ -2035,7 +2051,7 @@ stop:
 				reserved_segments(sbi),
 				prefree_segments(sbi));
 
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control->lc);
 
 	put_gc_inode(&gc_list);
 
@@ -2096,6 +2112,7 @@ int f2fs_gc_range(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
 		return -EIO;
 
+	stat_inc_gc_call_count(sbi, FOREGROUND);
 	for (segno = start_seg; segno <= end_seg; segno += SEGS_PER_SEC(sbi)) {
 		struct gc_inode_list gc_list = {
 			.ilist = LIST_HEAD_INIT(gc_list.ilist),
@@ -2251,6 +2268,9 @@ int f2fs_resize_fs(struct file *filp, __u64 block_count)
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(file_inode(filp));
 	__u64 old_block_count, shrunk_blocks;
 	struct cp_control cpc = { CP_RESIZE, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context glc;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context clc;
 	unsigned int secs;
 	int err = 0;
 	__u32 rem;
@@ -2294,13 +2314,13 @@ int f2fs_resize_fs(struct file *filp, __u64 block_count)
 	secs = div_u64(shrunk_blocks, BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi));
 
 	/* stop other GC */
-	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->gc_lock)) {
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &glc)) {
 		err = -EAGAIN;
 		goto out_drop_write;
 	}
 
 	/* stop CP to protect MAIN_SEC in free_segment_range */
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	spin_lock(&sbi->stat_lock);
 	if (shrunk_blocks + valid_user_blocks(sbi) +
@@ -2315,8 +2335,8 @@ int f2fs_resize_fs(struct file *filp, __u64 block_count)
 	err = free_segment_range(sbi, secs, true);
 
 out_unlock:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &glc);
 out_drop_write:
 	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
 	if (err)
@@ -2333,8 +2353,8 @@ out_drop_write:
 		return -EROFS;
 	}
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &glc);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &clc);
 
 	spin_lock(&sbi->stat_lock);
 	if (shrunk_blocks + valid_user_blocks(sbi) +
@@ -2382,8 +2402,8 @@ recover_out:
 		spin_unlock(&sbi->stat_lock);
 	}
 out_err:
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &clc);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &glc);
 	thaw_super(sbi->sb, FREEZE_HOLDER_KERNEL, NULL);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/inline.c b/fs/f2fs/inline.c
index e5c6a08b7e4f..0a1052d5ee62 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/inline.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/inline.c
@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ int f2fs_convert_inline_inode(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct dnode_of_data dn;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct folio *ifolio, *folio;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ int f2fs_convert_inline_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	if (IS_ERR(folio))
 		return PTR_ERR(folio);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	ifolio = f2fs_get_inode_folio(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 	if (IS_ERR(ifolio)) {
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ int f2fs_convert_inline_inode(struct inode *inode)
 
 	f2fs_put_dnode(&dn);
 out:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
 
@@ -597,13 +598,14 @@ int f2fs_try_convert_inline_dir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
 	struct folio *ifolio;
 	struct f2fs_filename fname;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	void *inline_dentry = NULL;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (!f2fs_has_inline_dentry(dir))
 		return 0;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	err = f2fs_setup_filename(dir, &dentry->d_name, 0, &fname);
 	if (err)
@@ -628,7 +630,7 @@ int f2fs_try_convert_inline_dir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 out_fname:
 	f2fs_free_filename(&fname);
 out:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/inode.c b/fs/f2fs/inode.c
index ee332b994348..e0f850b3f0c3 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/inode.c
@@ -597,6 +597,8 @@ struct inode *f2fs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 	if (ret)
 		goto bad_inode;
 make_now:
+	f2fs_set_inode_flags(inode);
+
 	if (ino == F2FS_NODE_INO(sbi)) {
 		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_node_aops;
 		mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping, GFP_NOFS);
@@ -618,6 +620,9 @@ make_now:
 		inode->i_op = &f2fs_file_inode_operations;
 		inode->i_fop = &f2fs_file_operations;
 		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
+		if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode) && !f2fs_compressed_file(inode) &&
+		    !f2fs_quota_file(sbi, inode->i_ino))
+			mapping_set_folio_min_order(inode->i_mapping, 0);
 	} else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
 		inode->i_op = &f2fs_dir_inode_operations;
 		inode->i_fop = &f2fs_dir_operations;
@@ -638,7 +643,6 @@ make_now:
 		ret = -EIO;
 		goto bad_inode;
 	}
-	f2fs_set_inode_flags(inode);
 
 	unlock_new_inode(inode);
 	trace_f2fs_iget(inode);
@@ -906,9 +910,11 @@ retry:
 		err = -EIO;
 
 	if (!err) {
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		err = f2fs_remove_inode_page(inode);
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		if (err == -ENOENT) {
 			err = 0;
 
@@ -1004,7 +1010,7 @@ out_clear:
 }
 
 /* caller should call f2fs_lock_op() */
-void f2fs_handle_failed_inode(struct inode *inode)
+void f2fs_handle_failed_inode(struct inode *inode, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct node_info ni;
@@ -1053,7 +1059,7 @@ void f2fs_handle_failed_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	}
 
 out:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, lc);
 
 	/* iput will drop the inode object */
 	iput(inode);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/namei.c b/fs/f2fs/namei.c
index 043d20516a21..e360f08a9586 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/namei.c
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ static int f2fs_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 		       struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, bool excl)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	nid_t ino = 0;
 	int err;
@@ -376,11 +377,11 @@ static int f2fs_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 	ino = inode->i_ino;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_alloc_nid_done(sbi, ino);
 
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ static int f2fs_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 	return 0;
 out:
-	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode);
+	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -401,6 +402,7 @@ static int f2fs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
 {
 	struct inode *inode = d_inode(old_dentry);
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
@@ -427,11 +429,11 @@ static int f2fs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
 	ihold(inode);
 
 	set_inode_flag(inode, FI_INC_LINK);
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
 
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ static int f2fs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
 out:
 	clear_inode_flag(inode, FI_INC_LINK);
 	iput(inode);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -545,6 +547,7 @@ static int f2fs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
 	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *de;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct folio *folio;
 	int err;
 
@@ -581,15 +584,15 @@ static int f2fs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_acquire_orphan_inode(sbi);
 	if (err) {
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		f2fs_folio_put(folio, false);
 		goto out;
 	}
 	f2fs_delete_entry(de, folio, dir, inode);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	/* VFS negative dentries are incompatible with Encoding and
 	 * Case-insensitiveness. Eventually we'll want avoid
@@ -632,6 +635,7 @@ static int f2fs_symlink(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 			struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	size_t len = strlen(symname);
 	struct fscrypt_str disk_link;
@@ -662,11 +666,11 @@ static int f2fs_symlink(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	inode_nohighmem(inode);
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_f2fs_handle_failed_inode;
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	f2fs_alloc_nid_done(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 
 	err = fscrypt_encrypt_symlink(inode, symname, len, &disk_link);
@@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ err_out:
 	goto out_free_encrypted_link;
 
 out_f2fs_handle_failed_inode:
-	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode);
+	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode, &lc);
 out_free_encrypted_link:
 	if (disk_link.name != (unsigned char *)symname)
 		kfree(disk_link.name);
@@ -712,6 +716,7 @@ static struct dentry *f2fs_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 				 struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int err;
 
@@ -732,11 +737,11 @@ static struct dentry *f2fs_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping, GFP_NOFS);
 
 	set_inode_flag(inode, FI_INC_LINK);
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_fail;
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_alloc_nid_done(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 
@@ -750,7 +755,7 @@ static struct dentry *f2fs_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 
 out_fail:
 	clear_inode_flag(inode, FI_INC_LINK);
-	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode);
+	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode, &lc);
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
@@ -767,6 +772,7 @@ static int f2fs_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 		      struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -786,11 +792,11 @@ static int f2fs_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
 	inode->i_op = &f2fs_special_inode_operations;
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_add_link(dentry, inode);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_alloc_nid_done(sbi, inode->i_ino);
 
@@ -802,7 +808,7 @@ static int f2fs_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 	return 0;
 out:
-	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode);
+	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -811,6 +817,7 @@ static int __f2fs_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 			  struct inode **new_inode, struct f2fs_filename *fname)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(dir);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int err;
 
@@ -831,7 +838,7 @@ static int __f2fs_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &f2fs_dblock_aops;
 	}
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_acquire_orphan_inode(sbi);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
@@ -860,7 +867,7 @@ static int __f2fs_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 			f2fs_i_links_write(inode, false);
 	}
 	/* link_count was changed by d_tmpfile as well. */
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	unlock_new_inode(inode);
 
 	if (new_inode)
@@ -872,7 +879,7 @@ static int __f2fs_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 release_out:
 	f2fs_release_orphan_inode(sbi);
 out:
-	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode);
+	f2fs_handle_failed_inode(inode, &lc);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -920,6 +927,7 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *old_dir_entry = NULL;
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *old_entry;
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *new_entry;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	bool old_is_dir = S_ISDIR(old_inode->i_mode);
 	int err;
 
@@ -1008,7 +1016,7 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
 
 		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		err = f2fs_acquire_orphan_inode(sbi);
 		if (err)
@@ -1031,11 +1039,11 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
 	} else {
 		f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		err = f2fs_add_link(new_dentry, old_inode);
 		if (err) {
-			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+			f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 			goto out_dir;
 		}
 
@@ -1084,7 +1092,7 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
 							TRANS_DIR_INO);
 	}
 
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(old_dir) || IS_DIRSYNC(new_dir))
 		f2fs_sync_fs(sbi->sb, 1);
@@ -1093,7 +1101,7 @@ static int f2fs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
 	return 0;
 
 put_out_dir:
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	f2fs_folio_put(new_folio, false);
 out_dir:
 	if (old_dir_entry)
@@ -1115,6 +1123,7 @@ static int f2fs_cross_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	struct folio *old_folio, *new_folio;
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *old_dir_entry = NULL, *new_dir_entry = NULL;
 	struct f2fs_dir_entry *old_entry, *new_entry;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int old_nlink = 0, new_nlink = 0;
 	int err;
 
@@ -1194,7 +1203,7 @@ static int f2fs_cross_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	/* update ".." directory entry info of old dentry */
 	if (old_dir_entry)
@@ -1247,7 +1256,7 @@ static int f2fs_cross_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		f2fs_add_ino_entry(sbi, new_dir->i_ino, TRANS_DIR_INO);
 	}
 
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(old_dir) || IS_DIRSYNC(new_dir))
 		f2fs_sync_fs(sbi->sb, 1);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/node.c b/fs/f2fs/node.c
index 482a362f2625..74992fd9c9b6 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/node.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/node.c
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ retry:
 		goto retry;
 	}
 
-	i = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(journal, NAT_JOURNAL, nid, 0);
+	i = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(sbi, journal, NAT_JOURNAL, nid, 0);
 	if (i >= 0) {
 		ne = nat_in_journal(journal, i);
 		node_info_from_raw_nat(ni, &ne);
@@ -643,6 +643,17 @@ sanity_check:
 		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
 	}
 
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_quota_file(sbi, ni->nid) &&
+		!__is_valid_data_blkaddr(ni->blk_addr))) {
+		set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+		f2fs_err_ratelimited(sbi,
+			"f2fs_get_node_info of %pS: inconsistent nat entry from qf_ino, "
+			"ino:%u, nid:%u, blkaddr:%u, ver:%u, flag:%u",
+			__builtin_return_address(0),
+			ni->ino, ni->nid, ni->blk_addr, ni->version, ni->flag);
+		f2fs_handle_error(sbi, ERROR_INCONSISTENT_NAT);
+	}
+
 	/* cache nat entry */
 	if (need_cache)
 		cache_nat_entry(sbi, nid, &ne);
@@ -1500,24 +1511,33 @@ void f2fs_ra_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t nid)
 	f2fs_folio_put(afolio, err ? true : false);
 }
 
-static int sanity_check_node_footer(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+int f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					struct folio *folio, pgoff_t nid,
-					enum node_type ntype)
+					enum node_type ntype, bool in_irq)
 {
+	bool is_inode, is_xnode;
+
 	if (unlikely(nid != nid_of_node(folio)))
 		goto out_err;
 
+	is_inode = IS_INODE(folio);
+	is_xnode = f2fs_has_xattr_block(ofs_of_node(folio));
+
 	switch (ntype) {
+	case NODE_TYPE_REGULAR:
+		if (is_inode && is_xnode)
+			goto out_err;
+		break;
 	case NODE_TYPE_INODE:
-		if (!IS_INODE(folio))
+		if (!is_inode || is_xnode)
 			goto out_err;
 		break;
 	case NODE_TYPE_XATTR:
-		if (!f2fs_has_xattr_block(ofs_of_node(folio)))
+		if (is_inode || !is_xnode)
 			goto out_err;
 		break;
 	case NODE_TYPE_NON_INODE:
-		if (IS_INODE(folio))
+		if (is_inode)
 			goto out_err;
 		break;
 	default:
@@ -1527,12 +1547,13 @@ static int sanity_check_node_footer(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		goto out_err;
 	return 0;
 out_err:
-	f2fs_warn(sbi, "inconsistent node block, node_type:%d, nid:%lu, "
-		  "node_footer[nid:%u,ino:%u,ofs:%u,cpver:%llu,blkaddr:%u]",
-		  ntype, nid, nid_of_node(folio), ino_of_node(folio),
-		  ofs_of_node(folio), cpver_of_node(folio),
-		  next_blkaddr_of_node(folio));
 	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+	f2fs_warn_ratelimited(sbi, "inconsistent node block, node_type:%d, nid:%lu, "
+		"node_footer[nid:%u,ino:%u,ofs:%u,cpver:%llu,blkaddr:%u]",
+		ntype, nid, nid_of_node(folio), ino_of_node(folio),
+		ofs_of_node(folio), cpver_of_node(folio),
+		next_blkaddr_of_node(folio));
+
 	f2fs_handle_error(sbi, ERROR_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER);
 	return -EFSCORRUPTED;
 }
@@ -1578,7 +1599,7 @@ repeat:
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 page_hit:
-	err = sanity_check_node_footer(sbi, folio, nid, ntype);
+	err = f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(sbi, folio, nid, ntype, false);
 	if (!err)
 		return folio;
 out_err:
@@ -1727,6 +1748,7 @@ static bool __write_node_folio(struct folio *folio, bool atomic, bool *submitted
 		.io_type = io_type,
 		.io_wbc = wbc,
 	};
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	unsigned int seq;
 
 	trace_f2fs_writepage(folio, NODE);
@@ -1751,18 +1773,23 @@ static bool __write_node_folio(struct folio *folio, bool atomic, bool *submitted
 
 	/* get old block addr of this node page */
 	nid = nid_of_node(folio);
-	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, folio->index != nid);
+
+	if (f2fs_sanity_check_node_footer(sbi, folio, nid,
+					NODE_TYPE_REGULAR, false)) {
+		f2fs_handle_critical_error(sbi, STOP_CP_REASON_CORRUPTED_NID);
+		goto redirty_out;
+	}
 
 	if (f2fs_get_node_info(sbi, nid, &ni, !do_balance))
 		goto redirty_out;
 
-	f2fs_down_read(&sbi->node_write);
+	f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 
 	/* This page is already truncated */
 	if (unlikely(ni.blk_addr == NULL_ADDR)) {
 		folio_clear_uptodate(folio);
 		dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES);
-		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+		f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 		folio_unlock(folio);
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -1770,12 +1797,17 @@ static bool __write_node_folio(struct folio *folio, bool atomic, bool *submitted
 	if (__is_valid_data_blkaddr(ni.blk_addr) &&
 		!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, ni.blk_addr,
 					DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE)) {
-		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+		f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 		goto redirty_out;
 	}
 
-	if (atomic && !test_opt(sbi, NOBARRIER))
-		fio.op_flags |= REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA;
+	if (atomic) {
+		if (!test_opt(sbi, NOBARRIER))
+			fio.op_flags |= REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA;
+		if (IS_INODE(folio))
+			set_dentry_mark(folio,
+				f2fs_need_dentry_mark(sbi, ino_of_node(folio)));
+	}
 
 	/* should add to global list before clearing PAGECACHE status */
 	if (f2fs_in_warm_node_list(sbi, folio)) {
@@ -1790,7 +1822,7 @@ static bool __write_node_folio(struct folio *folio, bool atomic, bool *submitted
 	f2fs_do_write_node_page(nid, &fio);
 	set_node_addr(sbi, &ni, fio.new_blkaddr, is_fsync_dnode(folio));
 	dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES);
-	f2fs_up_read(&sbi->node_write);
+	f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->node_write, &lc);
 
 	folio_unlock(folio);
 
@@ -1916,8 +1948,9 @@ continue_unlock:
 					if (is_inode_flag_set(inode,
 								FI_DIRTY_INODE))
 						f2fs_update_inode(inode, folio);
-					set_dentry_mark(folio,
-						f2fs_need_dentry_mark(sbi, ino));
+					if (!atomic)
+						set_dentry_mark(folio,
+							f2fs_need_dentry_mark(sbi, ino));
 				}
 				/* may be written by other thread */
 				if (!folio_test_dirty(folio))
@@ -2937,7 +2970,7 @@ int f2fs_restore_node_summary(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	/* scan the node segment */
 	last_offset = BLKS_PER_SEG(sbi);
 	addr = START_BLOCK(sbi, segno);
-	sum_entry = &sum->entries[0];
+	sum_entry = sum_entries(sum);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < last_offset; i += nrpages, addr += nrpages) {
 		nrpages = bio_max_segs(last_offset - i);
@@ -3078,7 +3111,7 @@ static int __flush_nat_entry_set(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	 * #2, flush nat entries to nat page.
 	 */
 	if (enabled_nat_bits(sbi, cpc) ||
-		!__has_cursum_space(journal, set->entry_cnt, NAT_JOURNAL))
+		!__has_cursum_space(sbi, journal, set->entry_cnt, NAT_JOURNAL))
 		to_journal = false;
 
 	if (to_journal) {
@@ -3101,7 +3134,7 @@ static int __flush_nat_entry_set(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, nat_get_blkaddr(ne) == NEW_ADDR);
 
 		if (to_journal) {
-			offset = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(journal,
+			offset = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(sbi, journal,
 							NAT_JOURNAL, nid, 1);
 			f2fs_bug_on(sbi, offset < 0);
 			raw_ne = &nat_in_journal(journal, offset);
@@ -3146,7 +3179,7 @@ int f2fs_flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	struct f2fs_journal *journal = curseg->journal;
 	struct nat_entry_set *setvec[NAT_VEC_SIZE];
 	struct nat_entry_set *set, *tmp;
-	unsigned int found;
+	unsigned int found, entry_count = 0;
 	nid_t set_idx = 0;
 	LIST_HEAD(sets);
 	int err = 0;
@@ -3172,7 +3205,7 @@ int f2fs_flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	 * into nat entry set.
 	 */
 	if (enabled_nat_bits(sbi, cpc) ||
-		!__has_cursum_space(journal,
+		!__has_cursum_space(sbi, journal,
 			nm_i->nat_cnt[DIRTY_NAT], NAT_JOURNAL))
 		remove_nats_in_journal(sbi);
 
@@ -3183,9 +3216,21 @@ int f2fs_flush_nat_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		set_idx = setvec[found - 1]->set + 1;
 		for (idx = 0; idx < found; idx++)
 			__adjust_nat_entry_set(setvec[idx], &sets,
-						MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(journal));
+					MAX_NAT_JENTRIES(sbi, journal));
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Readahead the current NAT block to prevent read requests from
+	 * being issued and waited on one by one.
+	 */
+	list_for_each_entry(set, &sets, set_list) {
+		entry_count += set->entry_cnt;
+		if (!enabled_nat_bits(sbi, cpc) &&
+			__has_cursum_space(sbi, journal,
+					entry_count, NAT_JOURNAL))
+			continue;
+		f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, set->set, 1, META_NAT, true);
+	}
 	/* flush dirty nats in nat entry set */
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(set, tmp, &sets, set_list) {
 		err = __flush_nat_entry_set(sbi, set, cpc);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/node.h b/fs/f2fs/node.h
index 9cb8dcf8d417..824ac9f0e6e4 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/node.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/node.h
@@ -52,14 +52,6 @@ enum {
 	IS_PREALLOC,		/* nat entry is preallocated */
 };
 
-/* For node type in __get_node_folio() */
-enum node_type {
-	NODE_TYPE_REGULAR,
-	NODE_TYPE_INODE,
-	NODE_TYPE_XATTR,
-	NODE_TYPE_NON_INODE,
-};
-
 /*
  * For node information
  */
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/recovery.c b/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
index c3415ebb9f50..a26071f2b0bc 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/recovery.c
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ static int check_index_in_prev_nodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, i);
 
 		if (curseg->segno == segno) {
-			sum = curseg->sum_blk->entries[blkoff];
+			sum = sum_entries(curseg->sum_blk)[blkoff];
 			goto got_it;
 		}
 	}
@@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ static int check_index_in_prev_nodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	sum_folio = f2fs_get_sum_folio(sbi, segno);
 	if (IS_ERR(sum_folio))
 		return PTR_ERR(sum_folio);
-	sum_node = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sum_folio, segno);
-	sum = sum_node->entries[blkoff];
+	sum_node = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sbi, sum_folio, segno);
+	sum = sum_entries(sum_node)[blkoff];
 	f2fs_folio_put(sum_folio, true);
 got_it:
 	/* Use the locked dnode page and inode */
@@ -875,6 +875,7 @@ int f2fs_recover_fsync_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool check_only)
 	LIST_HEAD(inode_list);
 	LIST_HEAD(tmp_inode_list);
 	LIST_HEAD(dir_list);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 	int ret = 0;
 	unsigned long s_flags = sbi->sb->s_flags;
@@ -888,7 +889,7 @@ int f2fs_recover_fsync_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool check_only)
 		f2fs_info(sbi, "recover fsync data on readonly fs");
 
 	/* prevent checkpoint */
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
 
 	/* step #1: find fsynced inode numbers */
 	err = find_fsync_dnodes(sbi, &inode_list, check_only, &new_inode);
@@ -932,7 +933,7 @@ skip:
 	if (!err)
 		clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING);
 
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
 
 	/* let's drop all the directory inodes for clean checkpoint */
 	destroy_fsync_dnodes(&dir_list, err);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
index c26424f47686..6a97fe76712b 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/segment.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
@@ -371,8 +371,8 @@ next:
 	}
 
 out:
-	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_TIMEOUT))
-		f2fs_io_schedule_timeout_killable(DEFAULT_FAULT_TIMEOUT);
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_ATOMIC_TIMEOUT))
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(DEFAULT_FAULT_TIMEOUT, true);
 
 	if (ret) {
 		sbi->revoked_atomic_block += fi->atomic_write_cnt;
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ int f2fs_commit_atomic_write(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
 	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi = F2FS_I(inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 
 	err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, 0, LLONG_MAX);
@@ -407,11 +408,11 @@ int f2fs_commit_atomic_write(struct inode *inode)
 		return err;
 
 	f2fs_down_write(&fi->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	err = __f2fs_commit_atomic_write(inode);
 
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	f2fs_up_write(&fi->i_gc_rwsem[WRITE]);
 
 	return err;
@@ -461,7 +462,7 @@ void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool need)
 			.should_migrate_blocks = false,
 			.err_gc_skipped = false,
 			.nr_free_secs = 1 };
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 		stat_inc_gc_call_count(sbi, FOREGROUND);
 		f2fs_gc(sbi, &gc_control);
 	}
@@ -1286,7 +1287,6 @@ static int __submit_discard_cmd(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					&(dcc->fstrim_list) : &(dcc->wait_list);
 	blk_opf_t flag = dpolicy->sync ? REQ_SYNC : 0;
 	block_t lstart, start, len, total_len;
-	int err = 0;
 
 	if (dc->state != D_PREP)
 		return 0;
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ static int __submit_discard_cmd(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 	dc->di.len = 0;
 
-	while (total_len && *issued < dpolicy->max_requests && !err) {
+	while (total_len && *issued < dpolicy->max_requests) {
 		struct bio *bio = NULL;
 		unsigned long flags;
 		bool last = true;
@@ -1343,17 +1343,6 @@ static int __submit_discard_cmd(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 
 		dc->di.len += len;
 
-		err = 0;
-		if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_DISCARD)) {
-			err = -EIO;
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&dc->lock, flags);
-			if (dc->state == D_PARTIAL)
-				dc->state = D_SUBMIT;
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dc->lock, flags);
-
-			break;
-		}
-
 		__blkdev_issue_discard(bdev, SECTOR_FROM_BLOCK(start),
 				SECTOR_FROM_BLOCK(len), GFP_NOFS, &bio);
 		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !bio);
@@ -1392,11 +1381,11 @@ static int __submit_discard_cmd(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 		len = total_len;
 	}
 
-	if (!err && len) {
+	if (len) {
 		dcc->undiscard_blks -= len;
 		__update_discard_tree_range(sbi, bdev, lstart, start, len);
 	}
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void __insert_discard_cmd(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
@@ -2685,12 +2674,12 @@ int f2fs_npages_for_summary_flush(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool for_ra)
 			valid_sum_count += f2fs_curseg_valid_blocks(sbi, i);
 	}
 
-	sum_in_page = (PAGE_SIZE - 2 * SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE -
+	sum_in_page = (sbi->blocksize - 2 * sbi->sum_journal_size -
 			SUM_FOOTER_SIZE) / SUMMARY_SIZE;
 	if (valid_sum_count <= sum_in_page)
 		return 1;
 	else if ((valid_sum_count - sum_in_page) <=
-		(PAGE_SIZE - SUM_FOOTER_SIZE) / SUMMARY_SIZE)
+		(sbi->blocksize - SUM_FOOTER_SIZE) / SUMMARY_SIZE)
 		return 2;
 	return 3;
 }
@@ -2710,7 +2699,7 @@ void f2fs_update_meta_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	struct folio *folio;
 
-	if (SUMS_PER_BLOCK == 1)
+	if (!f2fs_sb_has_packed_ssa(sbi))
 		folio = f2fs_grab_meta_folio(sbi, blk_addr);
 	else
 		folio = f2fs_get_meta_folio_retry(sbi, blk_addr);
@@ -2728,7 +2717,7 @@ static void write_sum_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 {
 	struct folio *folio;
 
-	if (SUMS_PER_BLOCK == 1)
+	if (!f2fs_sb_has_packed_ssa(sbi))
 		return f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, (void *)sum_blk,
 				GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno));
 
@@ -2736,7 +2725,8 @@ static void write_sum_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	if (IS_ERR(folio))
 		return;
 
-	memcpy(SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(folio, segno), sum_blk, sizeof(*sum_blk));
+	memcpy(SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sbi, folio, segno), sum_blk,
+			sbi->sum_blocksize);
 	folio_mark_dirty(folio);
 	f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
 }
@@ -2755,11 +2745,11 @@ static void write_current_sum_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
 
 	down_read(&curseg->journal_rwsem);
-	memcpy(&dst->journal, curseg->journal, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	memcpy(sum_journal(sbi, dst), curseg->journal, sbi->sum_journal_size);
 	up_read(&curseg->journal_rwsem);
 
-	memcpy(dst->entries, src->entries, SUM_ENTRY_SIZE);
-	memcpy(&dst->footer, &src->footer, SUM_FOOTER_SIZE);
+	memcpy(sum_entries(dst), sum_entries(src), sbi->sum_entry_size);
+	memcpy(sum_footer(sbi, dst), sum_footer(sbi, src), SUM_FOOTER_SIZE);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
 
@@ -2932,7 +2922,7 @@ static void reset_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type, int modified)
 	curseg->next_blkoff = 0;
 	curseg->next_segno = NULL_SEGNO;
 
-	sum_footer = &(curseg->sum_blk->footer);
+	sum_footer = sum_footer(sbi, curseg->sum_blk);
 	memset(sum_footer, 0, sizeof(struct summary_footer));
 
 	sanity_check_seg_type(sbi, seg_type);
@@ -3078,11 +3068,11 @@ static int change_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 	sum_folio = f2fs_get_sum_folio(sbi, new_segno);
 	if (IS_ERR(sum_folio)) {
 		/* GC won't be able to use stale summary pages by cp_error */
-		memset(curseg->sum_blk, 0, SUM_ENTRY_SIZE);
+		memset(curseg->sum_blk, 0, sbi->sum_entry_size);
 		return PTR_ERR(sum_folio);
 	}
-	sum_node = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sum_folio, new_segno);
-	memcpy(curseg->sum_blk, sum_node, SUM_ENTRY_SIZE);
+	sum_node = SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sbi, sum_folio, new_segno);
+	memcpy(curseg->sum_blk, sum_node, sbi->sum_entry_size);
 	f2fs_folio_put(sum_folio, true);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -3362,19 +3352,20 @@ int f2fs_allocate_new_section(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type, bool force)
 
 int f2fs_allocate_pinning_section(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 	bool gc_required = true;
 
 retry:
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	err = f2fs_allocate_new_section(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA_PINNED, false);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	if (f2fs_sb_has_blkzoned(sbi) && err == -EAGAIN && gc_required) {
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 		err = f2fs_gc_range(sbi, 0, sbi->first_seq_zone_segno - 1,
 				true, ZONED_PIN_SEC_REQUIRED_COUNT);
-		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 
 		gc_required = false;
 		if (!err)
@@ -3494,6 +3485,7 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
 	block_t start_block, end_block;
 	struct cp_control cpc;
 	struct discard_policy dpolicy;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	unsigned long long trimmed = 0;
 	int err = 0;
 	bool need_align = f2fs_lfs_mode(sbi) && __is_large_section(sbi);
@@ -3526,10 +3518,10 @@ int f2fs_trim_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
 	if (sbi->discard_blks == 0)
 		goto out;
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 	stat_inc_cp_call_count(sbi, TOTAL_CALL);
 	err = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
@@ -3814,7 +3806,7 @@ int f2fs_allocate_data_block(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct folio *folio,
 
 	f2fs_wait_discard_bio(sbi, *new_blkaddr);
 
-	curseg->sum_blk->entries[curseg->next_blkoff] = *sum;
+	sum_entries(curseg->sum_blk)[curseg->next_blkoff] = *sum;
 	if (curseg->alloc_type == SSR) {
 		curseg->next_blkoff = f2fs_find_next_ssr_block(sbi, curseg);
 	} else {
@@ -4183,7 +4175,7 @@ void f2fs_do_replace_block(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_summary *sum,
 	}
 
 	curseg->next_blkoff = GET_BLKOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, new_blkaddr);
-	curseg->sum_blk->entries[curseg->next_blkoff] = *sum;
+	sum_entries(curseg->sum_blk)[curseg->next_blkoff] = *sum;
 
 	if (!recover_curseg || recover_newaddr) {
 		if (!from_gc)
@@ -4240,7 +4232,7 @@ void f2fs_folio_wait_writeback(struct folio *folio, enum page_type type,
 		struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_F_SB(folio);
 
 		/* submit cached LFS IO */
-		f2fs_submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, NULL, folio, 0, type);
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write_folio(sbi, folio, type);
 		/* submit cached IPU IO */
 		f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write(sbi, NULL, folio);
 		if (ordered) {
@@ -4303,12 +4295,12 @@ static int read_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 	/* Step 1: restore nat cache */
 	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
-	memcpy(seg_i->journal, kaddr, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	memcpy(seg_i->journal, kaddr, sbi->sum_journal_size);
 
 	/* Step 2: restore sit cache */
 	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
-	memcpy(seg_i->journal, kaddr + SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
-	offset = 2 * SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+	memcpy(seg_i->journal, kaddr + sbi->sum_journal_size, sbi->sum_journal_size);
+	offset = 2 * sbi->sum_journal_size;
 
 	/* Step 3: restore summary entries */
 	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
@@ -4330,9 +4322,9 @@ static int read_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 			struct f2fs_summary *s;
 
 			s = (struct f2fs_summary *)(kaddr + offset);
-			seg_i->sum_blk->entries[j] = *s;
+			sum_entries(seg_i->sum_blk)[j] = *s;
 			offset += SUMMARY_SIZE;
-			if (offset + SUMMARY_SIZE <= PAGE_SIZE -
+			if (offset + SUMMARY_SIZE <= sbi->blocksize -
 						SUM_FOOTER_SIZE)
 				continue;
 
@@ -4388,7 +4380,7 @@ static int read_normal_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 
 	if (IS_NODESEG(type)) {
 		if (__exist_node_summaries(sbi)) {
-			struct f2fs_summary *ns = &sum->entries[0];
+			struct f2fs_summary *ns = sum_entries(sum);
 			int i;
 
 			for (i = 0; i < BLKS_PER_SEG(sbi); i++, ns++) {
@@ -4408,11 +4400,13 @@ static int read_normal_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
 
 	/* update journal info */
 	down_write(&curseg->journal_rwsem);
-	memcpy(curseg->journal, &sum->journal, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	memcpy(curseg->journal, sum_journal(sbi, sum), sbi->sum_journal_size);
 	up_write(&curseg->journal_rwsem);
 
-	memcpy(curseg->sum_blk->entries, sum->entries, SUM_ENTRY_SIZE);
-	memcpy(&curseg->sum_blk->footer, &sum->footer, SUM_FOOTER_SIZE);
+	memcpy(sum_entries(curseg->sum_blk), sum_entries(sum),
+			sbi->sum_entry_size);
+	memcpy(sum_footer(sbi, curseg->sum_blk), sum_footer(sbi, sum),
+			SUM_FOOTER_SIZE);
 	curseg->next_segno = segno;
 	reset_curseg(sbi, type, 0);
 	curseg->alloc_type = ckpt->alloc_type[type];
@@ -4456,8 +4450,8 @@ static int restore_curseg_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	}
 
 	/* sanity check for summary blocks */
-	if (nats_in_cursum(nat_j) > NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES ||
-			sits_in_cursum(sit_j) > SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES) {
+	if (nats_in_cursum(nat_j) > sbi->nat_journal_entries ||
+			sits_in_cursum(sit_j) > sbi->sit_journal_entries) {
 		f2fs_err(sbi, "invalid journal entries nats %u sits %u",
 			 nats_in_cursum(nat_j), sits_in_cursum(sit_j));
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -4481,13 +4475,13 @@ static void write_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr)
 
 	/* Step 1: write nat cache */
 	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
-	memcpy(kaddr, seg_i->journal, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
-	written_size += SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+	memcpy(kaddr, seg_i->journal, sbi->sum_journal_size);
+	written_size += sbi->sum_journal_size;
 
 	/* Step 2: write sit cache */
 	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
-	memcpy(kaddr + written_size, seg_i->journal, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
-	written_size += SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+	memcpy(kaddr + written_size, seg_i->journal, sbi->sum_journal_size);
+	written_size += sbi->sum_journal_size;
 
 	/* Step 3: write summary entries */
 	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
@@ -4500,10 +4494,10 @@ static void write_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr)
 				written_size = 0;
 			}
 			summary = (struct f2fs_summary *)(kaddr + written_size);
-			*summary = seg_i->sum_blk->entries[j];
+			*summary = sum_entries(seg_i->sum_blk)[j];
 			written_size += SUMMARY_SIZE;
 
-			if (written_size + SUMMARY_SIZE <= PAGE_SIZE -
+			if (written_size + SUMMARY_SIZE <= sbi->blocksize -
 							SUM_FOOTER_SIZE)
 				continue;
 
@@ -4545,8 +4539,9 @@ void f2fs_write_node_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk)
 	write_normal_summaries(sbi, start_blk, CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
 }
 
-int f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_journal *journal, int type,
-					unsigned int val, int alloc)
+int f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct f2fs_journal *journal, int type,
+			unsigned int val, int alloc)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -4555,13 +4550,13 @@ int f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_journal *journal, int type,
 			if (le32_to_cpu(nid_in_journal(journal, i)) == val)
 				return i;
 		}
-		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(journal, 1, NAT_JOURNAL))
+		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(sbi, journal, 1, NAT_JOURNAL))
 			return update_nats_in_cursum(journal, 1);
 	} else if (type == SIT_JOURNAL) {
 		for (i = 0; i < sits_in_cursum(journal); i++)
 			if (le32_to_cpu(segno_in_journal(journal, i)) == val)
 				return i;
-		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(journal, 1, SIT_JOURNAL))
+		if (alloc && __has_cursum_space(sbi, journal, 1, SIT_JOURNAL))
 			return update_sits_in_cursum(journal, 1);
 	}
 	return -1;
@@ -4709,8 +4704,8 @@ void f2fs_flush_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 	 * entries, remove all entries from journal and add and account
 	 * them in sit entry set.
 	 */
-	if (!__has_cursum_space(journal, sit_i->dirty_sentries, SIT_JOURNAL) ||
-								!to_journal)
+	if (!__has_cursum_space(sbi, journal,
+			sit_i->dirty_sentries, SIT_JOURNAL) || !to_journal)
 		remove_sits_in_journal(sbi);
 
 	/*
@@ -4727,7 +4722,8 @@ void f2fs_flush_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 		unsigned int segno = start_segno;
 
 		if (to_journal &&
-			!__has_cursum_space(journal, ses->entry_cnt, SIT_JOURNAL))
+			!__has_cursum_space(sbi, journal, ses->entry_cnt,
+				SIT_JOURNAL))
 			to_journal = false;
 
 		if (to_journal) {
@@ -4755,7 +4751,7 @@ void f2fs_flush_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
 			}
 
 			if (to_journal) {
-				offset = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(journal,
+				offset = f2fs_lookup_journal_in_cursum(sbi, journal,
 							SIT_JOURNAL, segno, 1);
 				f2fs_bug_on(sbi, offset < 0);
 				segno_in_journal(journal, offset) =
@@ -4962,12 +4958,13 @@ static int build_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NO_CHECK_TYPE; i++) {
 		mutex_init(&array[i].curseg_mutex);
-		array[i].sum_blk = f2fs_kzalloc(sbi, PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+		array[i].sum_blk = f2fs_kzalloc(sbi, sbi->sum_blocksize,
+				GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!array[i].sum_blk)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		init_rwsem(&array[i].journal_rwsem);
 		array[i].journal = f2fs_kzalloc(sbi,
-				sizeof(struct f2fs_journal), GFP_KERNEL);
+				sbi->sum_journal_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!array[i].journal)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		array[i].seg_type = log_type_to_seg_type(i);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.h b/fs/f2fs/segment.h
index 07dcbcbeb7c6..068845660b0f 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/segment.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.h
@@ -90,12 +90,11 @@ static inline void sanity_check_seg_type(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 #define GET_ZONE_FROM_SEG(sbi, segno)				\
 	GET_ZONE_FROM_SEC(sbi, GET_SEC_FROM_SEG(sbi, segno))
 
-#define SUMS_PER_BLOCK (F2FS_BLKSIZE / F2FS_SUM_BLKSIZE)
 #define GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno)	\
-	(SM_I(sbi)->ssa_blkaddr + (segno / SUMS_PER_BLOCK))
-#define GET_SUM_BLKOFF(segno) (segno % SUMS_PER_BLOCK)
-#define SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(folio, segno)	\
-	(folio_address(folio) + GET_SUM_BLKOFF(segno) * F2FS_SUM_BLKSIZE)
+	(SM_I(sbi)->ssa_blkaddr + (segno / (sbi)->sums_per_block))
+#define GET_SUM_BLKOFF(sbi, segno) (segno % (sbi)->sums_per_block)
+#define SUM_BLK_PAGE_ADDR(sbi, folio, segno)	\
+	(folio_address(folio) + GET_SUM_BLKOFF(sbi, segno) * (sbi)->sum_blocksize)
 
 #define GET_SUM_TYPE(footer) ((footer)->entry_type)
 #define SET_SUM_TYPE(footer, type) ((footer)->entry_type = (type))
@@ -621,97 +620,90 @@ static inline unsigned int get_left_section_blocks(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	return CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi) - get_ckpt_valid_blocks(sbi, segno, true);
 }
 
-static inline bool has_curseg_enough_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
-			unsigned int node_blocks, unsigned int data_blocks,
-			unsigned int dent_blocks)
+static inline void get_additional_blocks_required(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			unsigned int *total_node_blocks, unsigned int *total_data_blocks,
+			unsigned int *total_dent_blocks, bool separate_dent)
 {
-	unsigned int segno, left_blocks, blocks;
+	unsigned int segno, left_blocks;
 	int i;
+	unsigned int min_free_node_blocks = CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
+	unsigned int min_free_dent_blocks = CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
+	unsigned int min_free_data_blocks = CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
 
 	/* check current data/node sections in the worst case. */
 	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i < NR_PERSISTENT_LOG; i++) {
 		segno = CURSEG_I(sbi, i)->segno;
 
 		if (unlikely(segno == NULL_SEGNO))
-			return false;
+			return;
 
 		left_blocks = get_left_section_blocks(sbi, i, segno);
 
-		blocks = i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA ? data_blocks : node_blocks;
-		if (blocks > left_blocks)
-			return false;
+		if (i > CURSEG_COLD_DATA)
+			min_free_node_blocks = min(min_free_node_blocks, left_blocks);
+		else if (i == CURSEG_HOT_DATA && separate_dent)
+			min_free_dent_blocks = left_blocks;
+		else
+			min_free_data_blocks = min(min_free_data_blocks, left_blocks);
 	}
 
-	/* check current data section for dentry blocks. */
-	segno = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA)->segno;
-
-	if (unlikely(segno == NULL_SEGNO))
-		return false;
-
-	left_blocks = get_left_section_blocks(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA, segno);
-
-	if (dent_blocks > left_blocks)
-		return false;
-	return true;
+	*total_node_blocks = (*total_node_blocks > min_free_node_blocks) ?
+			*total_node_blocks - min_free_node_blocks : 0;
+	*total_dent_blocks = (*total_dent_blocks > min_free_dent_blocks) ?
+			*total_dent_blocks - min_free_dent_blocks : 0;
+	*total_data_blocks = (*total_data_blocks > min_free_data_blocks) ?
+			*total_data_blocks - min_free_data_blocks : 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * calculate needed sections for dirty node/dentry and call
- * has_curseg_enough_space, please note that, it needs to account
- * dirty data as well in lfs mode when checkpoint is disabled.
+ * call get_additional_blocks_required to calculate dirty blocks
+ * needing to be placed in free sections, please note that, it
+ * needs to account dirty data as well in lfs mode when checkpoint
+ * is disabled.
  */
-static inline void __get_secs_required(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
-		unsigned int *lower_p, unsigned int *upper_p, bool *curseg_p)
+static inline int __get_secs_required(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	unsigned int total_node_blocks = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES) +
 					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS) +
 					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA);
 	unsigned int total_dent_blocks = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS);
 	unsigned int total_data_blocks = 0;
-	unsigned int node_secs = total_node_blocks / CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
-	unsigned int dent_secs = total_dent_blocks / CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
-	unsigned int data_secs = 0;
-	unsigned int node_blocks = total_node_blocks % CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
-	unsigned int dent_blocks = total_dent_blocks % CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
-	unsigned int data_blocks = 0;
+	bool separate_dent = true;
 
-	if (f2fs_lfs_mode(sbi)) {
+	if (f2fs_lfs_mode(sbi))
 		total_data_blocks = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA);
-		data_secs = total_data_blocks / CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
-		data_blocks = total_data_blocks % CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi);
+
+	/*
+	 * When active_logs != 4, dentry blocks and data blocks can be
+	 * mixed in the same logs, so check their space together.
+	 */
+	if (F2FS_OPTION(sbi).active_logs != 4) {
+		total_data_blocks += total_dent_blocks;
+		total_dent_blocks = 0;
+		separate_dent = false;
 	}
 
-	if (lower_p)
-		*lower_p = node_secs + dent_secs + data_secs;
-	if (upper_p)
-		*upper_p = node_secs + dent_secs + data_secs +
-			(node_blocks ? 1 : 0) + (dent_blocks ? 1 : 0) +
-			(data_blocks ? 1 : 0);
-	if (curseg_p)
-		*curseg_p = has_curseg_enough_space(sbi,
-				node_blocks, data_blocks, dent_blocks);
+	get_additional_blocks_required(sbi, &total_node_blocks, &total_dent_blocks,
+			&total_data_blocks, separate_dent);
+
+	return DIV_ROUND_UP(total_node_blocks, CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi)) +
+			DIV_ROUND_UP(total_dent_blocks, CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi)) +
+			DIV_ROUND_UP(total_data_blocks, CAP_BLKS_PER_SEC(sbi));
 }
 
 static inline bool has_not_enough_free_secs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 					int freed, int needed)
 {
-	unsigned int free_secs, lower_secs, upper_secs;
-	bool curseg_space;
+	unsigned int free_secs, required_secs;
 
 	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
 		return false;
 
-	__get_secs_required(sbi, &lower_secs, &upper_secs, &curseg_space);
-
 	free_secs = free_sections(sbi) + freed;
-	lower_secs += needed + reserved_sections(sbi);
-	upper_secs += needed + reserved_sections(sbi);
+	required_secs = needed + reserved_sections(sbi) +
+			__get_secs_required(sbi);
 
-	if (free_secs > upper_secs)
-		return false;
-	if (free_secs <= lower_secs)
-		return true;
-	return !curseg_space;
+	return free_secs < required_secs;
 }
 
 static inline bool has_enough_free_secs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/super.c b/fs/f2fs/super.c
index cd00d030edda..7c8e6eea60df 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/super.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/super.c
@@ -67,8 +67,10 @@ const char *f2fs_fault_name[FAULT_MAX] = {
 	[FAULT_BLKADDR_CONSISTENCE]	= "inconsistent blkaddr",
 	[FAULT_NO_SEGMENT]		= "no free segment",
 	[FAULT_INCONSISTENT_FOOTER]	= "inconsistent footer",
-	[FAULT_TIMEOUT]			= "timeout",
+	[FAULT_ATOMIC_TIMEOUT]		= "atomic timeout",
 	[FAULT_VMALLOC]			= "vmalloc",
+	[FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT]		= "lock timeout",
+	[FAULT_SKIP_WRITE]		= "skip write",
 };
 
 int f2fs_build_fault_attr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned long rate,
@@ -96,8 +98,57 @@ int f2fs_build_fault_attr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned long rate,
 		f2fs_info(sbi, "build fault injection type: 0x%lx", type);
 	}
 
+	if (fo & FAULT_TIMEOUT) {
+		if (type >= TIMEOUT_TYPE_MAX)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		ffi->inject_lock_timeout = (unsigned int)type;
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "build fault timeout injection type: 0x%lx", type);
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
+
+static void inject_timeout(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_fault_info *ffi = &F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fault_info;
+	enum f2fs_timeout_type type = ffi->inject_lock_timeout;
+	unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
+	unsigned long timeout = HZ;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case TIMEOUT_TYPE_RUNNING:
+		while (!time_after(jiffies, start_time + timeout)) {
+			if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
+				return;
+			;
+		}
+		break;
+	case TIMEOUT_TYPE_IO_SLEEP:
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(timeout, true);
+		break;
+	case TIMEOUT_TYPE_NONIO_SLEEP:
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(timeout, false);
+		break;
+	case TIMEOUT_TYPE_RUNNABLE:
+		while (!time_after(jiffies, start_time + timeout)) {
+			if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
+				return;
+			schedule();
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+void f2fs_simulate_lock_timeout(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
+	inject_timeout(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
+}
 #endif
 
 /* f2fs-wide shrinker description */
@@ -2556,6 +2607,7 @@ static int f2fs_disable_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
 	unsigned int s_flags = sbi->sb->s_flags;
 	struct cp_control cpc;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	unsigned int gc_mode = sbi->gc_mode;
 	int err = 0;
 	int ret;
@@ -2585,7 +2637,7 @@ static int f2fs_disable_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 			.no_bg_gc = true,
 			.nr_free_secs = 1 };
 
-		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &gc_control.lc);
 		stat_inc_gc_call_count(sbi, FOREGROUND);
 		err = f2fs_gc(sbi, &gc_control);
 		if (err == -ENODATA) {
@@ -2609,7 +2661,7 @@ static int f2fs_disable_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	}
 
 skip_gc:
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 	cpc.reason = CP_PAUSE;
 	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED);
 	stat_inc_cp_call_count(sbi, TOTAL_CALL);
@@ -2622,7 +2674,7 @@ skip_gc:
 	spin_unlock(&sbi->stat_lock);
 
 out_unlock:
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 restore_flag:
 	sbi->gc_mode = gc_mode;
 	sbi->sb->s_flags = s_flags;	/* Restore SB_RDONLY status */
@@ -2632,57 +2684,66 @@ restore_flag:
 
 static int f2fs_enable_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 {
-	unsigned int nr_pages = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA) / 16;
-	long long start, writeback, lock, sync_inode, end;
+	int retry = MAX_FLUSH_RETRY_COUNT;
+	long long start, writeback, end;
 	int ret;
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+	long long skipped_write, dirty_data;
 
-	f2fs_info(sbi, "%s start, meta: %lld, node: %lld, data: %lld",
-					__func__,
+	f2fs_info(sbi, "f2fs_enable_checkpoint() starts, meta: %lld, node: %lld, data: %lld",
 					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META),
 					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES),
 					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
 
-	f2fs_update_time(sbi, ENABLE_TIME);
-
 	start = ktime_get();
 
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT);
+
 	/* we should flush all the data to keep data consistency */
-	while (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA)) {
-		writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sbi->sb, nr_pages, WB_REASON_SYNC);
+	do {
+		skipped_write = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE);
+		dirty_data = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA);
+
+		sync_inodes_sb(sbi->sb);
 		f2fs_io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
 
-		if (f2fs_time_over(sbi, ENABLE_TIME))
-			break;
-	}
-	writeback = ktime_get();
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "sync_inode_sb done, dirty_data: %lld, %lld, "
+				"skipped write: %lld, %lld, retry: %d",
+				get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA),
+				dirty_data,
+				get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE),
+				skipped_write, retry);
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_enable_rwsem);
+		/*
+		 * sync_inodes_sb() has retry logic, so let's check dirty_data
+		 * in prior to skipped_write in case there is no dirty data.
+		 */
+		if (!get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA))
+			break;
+		if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE) == skipped_write)
+			break;
+	} while (retry--);
 
-	lock = ktime_get();
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_ENABLE_CHECKPOINT);
 
-	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA))
-		sync_inodes_sb(sbi->sb);
+	writeback = ktime_get();
 
-	if (unlikely(get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA)))
-		f2fs_warn(sbi, "%s: has some unwritten data: %lld",
-			__func__, get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+	if (unlikely(get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA) ||
+			get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE)))
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "checkpoint=enable unwritten data: %lld, skipped data: %lld, retry: %d",
+				get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DATA),
+				get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE), retry);
 
-	sync_inode = ktime_get();
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE))
+		atomic_set(&sbi->nr_pages[F2FS_SKIPPED_WRITE], 0);
 
-	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 	f2fs_dirty_to_prefree(sbi);
 
 	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED);
 	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
 
-	f2fs_info(sbi, "%s sync_fs, meta: %lld, imeta: %lld, node: %lld, dents: %lld, qdata: %lld",
-					__func__,
-					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META),
-					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA),
-					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES),
-					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS),
-					get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_QDATA));
 	ret = f2fs_sync_fs(sbi->sb, 1);
 	if (ret)
 		f2fs_err(sbi, "%s sync_fs failed, ret: %d", __func__, ret);
@@ -2690,17 +2751,11 @@ static int f2fs_enable_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	/* Let's ensure there's no pending checkpoint anymore */
 	f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(sbi);
 
-	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_enable_rwsem);
-
 	end = ktime_get();
 
-	f2fs_info(sbi, "%s end, writeback:%llu, "
-				"lock:%llu, sync_inode:%llu, sync_fs:%llu",
-				__func__,
-				ktime_ms_delta(writeback, start),
-				ktime_ms_delta(lock, writeback),
-				ktime_ms_delta(sync_inode, lock),
-				ktime_ms_delta(end, sync_inode));
+	f2fs_info(sbi, "f2fs_enable_checkpoint() finishes, writeback:%llu, sync:%llu",
+					ktime_ms_delta(writeback, start),
+					ktime_ms_delta(end, writeback));
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -3219,19 +3274,12 @@ int f2fs_enable_quota_files(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool rdonly)
 }
 
 static int f2fs_quota_enable(struct super_block *sb, int type, int format_id,
-			     unsigned int flags)
+			     unsigned int flags, unsigned long qf_inum)
 {
 	struct inode *qf_inode;
-	unsigned long qf_inum;
 	unsigned long qf_flag = F2FS_QUOTA_DEFAULT_FL;
 	int err;
 
-	BUG_ON(!f2fs_sb_has_quota_ino(F2FS_SB(sb)));
-
-	qf_inum = f2fs_qf_ino(sb, type);
-	if (!qf_inum)
-		return -EPERM;
-
 	qf_inode = f2fs_iget(sb, qf_inum);
 	if (IS_ERR(qf_inode)) {
 		f2fs_err(F2FS_SB(sb), "Bad quota inode %u:%lu", type, qf_inum);
@@ -3264,7 +3312,7 @@ static int f2fs_enable_quotas(struct super_block *sb)
 		test_opt(sbi, PRJQUOTA),
 	};
 
-	if (is_set_ckpt_flags(F2FS_SB(sb), CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG)) {
+	if (is_set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG)) {
 		f2fs_err(sbi, "quota file may be corrupted, skip loading it");
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3276,14 +3324,13 @@ static int f2fs_enable_quotas(struct super_block *sb)
 		if (qf_inum) {
 			err = f2fs_quota_enable(sb, type, QFMT_VFS_V1,
 				DQUOT_USAGE_ENABLED |
-				(quota_mopt[type] ? DQUOT_LIMITS_ENABLED : 0));
+				(quota_mopt[type] ? DQUOT_LIMITS_ENABLED : 0), qf_inum);
 			if (err) {
 				f2fs_err(sbi, "Failed to enable quota tracking (type=%d, err=%d). Please run fsck to fix.",
 					 type, err);
 				for (type--; type >= 0; type--)
 					dquot_quota_off(sb, type);
-				set_sbi_flag(F2FS_SB(sb),
-						SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR);
+				set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR);
 				return err;
 			}
 		}
@@ -3330,6 +3377,7 @@ int f2fs_do_quota_sync(struct super_block *sb, int type)
 	 * that userspace sees the changes.
 	 */
 	for (cnt = 0; cnt < MAXQUOTAS; cnt++) {
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 
 		if (type != -1 && cnt != type)
 			continue;
@@ -3349,13 +3397,13 @@ int f2fs_do_quota_sync(struct super_block *sb, int type)
 		 *			      block_operation
 		 *			      f2fs_down_read(quota_sem)
 		 */
-		f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 		f2fs_down_read(&sbi->quota_sem);
 
 		ret = f2fs_quota_sync_file(sbi, cnt);
 
 		f2fs_up_read(&sbi->quota_sem);
-		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+		f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 		if (!f2fs_sb_has_quota_ino(sbi))
 			inode_unlock(dqopt->files[cnt]);
@@ -4077,20 +4125,6 @@ static int sanity_check_raw_super(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	if (sanity_check_area_boundary(sbi, folio, index))
 		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
 
-	/*
-	 * Check for legacy summary layout on 16KB+ block devices.
-	 * Modern f2fs-tools packs multiple 4KB summary areas into one block,
-	 * whereas legacy versions used one block per summary, leading
-	 * to a much larger SSA.
-	 */
-	if (SUMS_PER_BLOCK > 1 &&
-		    !(__F2FS_HAS_FEATURE(raw_super, F2FS_FEATURE_PACKED_SSA))) {
-		f2fs_info(sbi, "Error: Device formatted with a legacy version. "
-			"Please reformat with a tool supporting the packed ssa "
-			"feature for block sizes larger than 4kb.");
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	}
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4300,6 +4334,22 @@ static void init_sb_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	sbi->max_fragment_hole = DEF_FRAGMENT_SIZE;
 	spin_lock_init(&sbi->gc_remaining_trials_lock);
 	atomic64_set(&sbi->current_atomic_write, 0);
+	sbi->max_lock_elapsed_time = MAX_LOCK_ELAPSED_TIME;
+	sbi->adjust_lock_priority = 0;
+	sbi->lock_duration_priority = F2FS_DEFAULT_TASK_PRIORITY;
+	sbi->critical_task_priority = F2FS_CRITICAL_TASK_PRIORITY;
+
+	sbi->sum_blocksize = f2fs_sb_has_packed_ssa(sbi) ?
+		4096 : sbi->blocksize;
+	sbi->sums_per_block = sbi->blocksize / sbi->sum_blocksize;
+	sbi->entries_in_sum = sbi->sum_blocksize / 8;
+	sbi->sum_entry_size = SUMMARY_SIZE * sbi->entries_in_sum;
+	sbi->sum_journal_size = sbi->sum_blocksize - SUM_FOOTER_SIZE -
+		sbi->sum_entry_size;
+	sbi->nat_journal_entries = (sbi->sum_journal_size - 2) /
+		sizeof(struct nat_journal_entry);
+	sbi->sit_journal_entries = (sbi->sum_journal_size - 2) /
+		sizeof(struct sit_journal_entry);
 
 	sbi->dir_level = DEF_DIR_LEVEL;
 	sbi->interval_time[CP_TIME] = DEF_CP_INTERVAL;
@@ -4307,7 +4357,6 @@ static void init_sb_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
 	sbi->interval_time[DISCARD_TIME] = DEF_IDLE_INTERVAL;
 	sbi->interval_time[GC_TIME] = DEF_IDLE_INTERVAL;
 	sbi->interval_time[DISABLE_TIME] = DEF_DISABLE_INTERVAL;
-	sbi->interval_time[ENABLE_TIME] = DEF_ENABLE_INTERVAL;
 	sbi->interval_time[UMOUNT_DISCARD_TIMEOUT] =
 				DEF_UMOUNT_DISCARD_TIMEOUT;
 	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
@@ -4896,14 +4945,13 @@ try_onemore:
 	sbi->sb = sb;
 
 	/* initialize locks within allocated memory */
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, sbi, LOCK_NAME_GC_LOCK);
 	mutex_init(&sbi->writepages);
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->node_write);
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->node_change);
+	init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, sbi, LOCK_NAME_CP_GLOBAL);
+	init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&sbi->node_write, sbi, LOCK_NAME_NODE_WRITE);
+	init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&sbi->node_change, sbi, LOCK_NAME_NODE_CHANGE);
 	spin_lock_init(&sbi->stat_lock);
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
-	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->cp_enable_rwsem);
+	init_f2fs_rwsem_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, sbi, LOCK_NAME_CP_RWSEM);
 	init_f2fs_rwsem(&sbi->quota_sem);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&sbi->cp_wait);
 	spin_lock_init(&sbi->error_lock);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c b/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c
index c42f4f979d13..5fbfdc96e502 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/sysfs.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ enum {
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
 	FAULT_INFO_RATE,	/* struct f2fs_fault_info */
 	FAULT_INFO_TYPE,	/* struct f2fs_fault_info */
+	FAULT_INFO_TIMEOUT,	/* struct f2fs_fault_info */
 #endif
 	RESERVED_BLOCKS,	/* struct f2fs_sb_info */
 	CPRC_INFO,	/* struct ckpt_req_control */
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ struct f2fs_attr {
 			 const char *buf, size_t len);
 	int struct_type;
 	int offset;
+	int size;
 	int id;
 };
 
@@ -84,7 +86,8 @@ static unsigned char *__struct_ptr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int struct_type)
 		return (unsigned char *)sbi;
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
 	else if (struct_type == FAULT_INFO_RATE ||
-					struct_type == FAULT_INFO_TYPE)
+		struct_type == FAULT_INFO_TYPE ||
+		struct_type == FAULT_INFO_TIMEOUT)
 		return (unsigned char *)&F2FS_OPTION(sbi).fault_info;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS
@@ -344,11 +347,30 @@ static ssize_t main_blkaddr_show(struct f2fs_attr *a,
 			(unsigned long long)MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi));
 }
 
+static ssize_t __sbi_show_value(struct f2fs_attr *a,
+		struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, char *buf,
+		unsigned char *value)
+{
+	switch (a->size) {
+	case 1:
+		return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", *(u8 *)value);
+	case 2:
+		return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", *(u16 *)value);
+	case 4:
+		return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", *(u32 *)value);
+	case 8:
+		return sysfs_emit(buf, "%llu\n", *(u64 *)value);
+	default:
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+		return sysfs_emit(buf,
+				"show sysfs node value with wrong type\n");
+	}
+}
+
 static ssize_t f2fs_sbi_show(struct f2fs_attr *a,
 			struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, char *buf)
 {
 	unsigned char *ptr = NULL;
-	unsigned int *ui;
 
 	ptr = __struct_ptr(sbi, a->struct_type);
 	if (!ptr)
@@ -428,9 +450,30 @@ static ssize_t f2fs_sbi_show(struct f2fs_attr *a,
 				atomic_read(&sbi->cp_call_count[BACKGROUND]));
 #endif
 
-	ui = (unsigned int *)(ptr + a->offset);
+	return __sbi_show_value(a, sbi, buf, ptr + a->offset);
+}
 
-	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", *ui);
+static void __sbi_store_value(struct f2fs_attr *a,
+			struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			unsigned char *ui, unsigned long value)
+{
+	switch (a->size) {
+	case 1:
+		*(u8 *)ui = value;
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		*(u16 *)ui = value;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		*(u32 *)ui = value;
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		*(u64 *)ui = value;
+		break;
+	default:
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "store sysfs node value with wrong type");
+	}
 }
 
 static ssize_t __sbi_store(struct f2fs_attr *a,
@@ -529,6 +572,12 @@ out:
 			return -EINVAL;
 		return count;
 	}
+	if (a->struct_type == FAULT_INFO_TIMEOUT) {
+		if (f2fs_build_fault_attr(sbi, 0, t, FAULT_TIMEOUT))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		f2fs_simulate_lock_timeout(sbi);
+		return count;
+	}
 #endif
 	if (a->struct_type == RESERVED_BLOCKS) {
 		spin_lock(&sbi->stat_lock);
@@ -749,7 +798,7 @@ out:
 		return count;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(a->attr.name, "gc_pin_file_threshold")) {
+	if (!strcmp(a->attr.name, "gc_pin_file_thresh")) {
 		if (t > MAX_GC_FAILED_PINNED_FILES)
 			return -EINVAL;
 		sbi->gc_pin_file_threshold = t;
@@ -906,7 +955,36 @@ out:
 		return count;
 	}
 
-	*ui = (unsigned int)t;
+	if (!strcmp(a->attr.name, "adjust_lock_priority")) {
+		if (t >= BIT(LOCK_NAME_MAX - 1))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		sbi->adjust_lock_priority = t;
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(a->attr.name, "lock_duration_priority")) {
+		if (t < NICE_TO_PRIO(MIN_NICE) || t > NICE_TO_PRIO(MAX_NICE))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		sbi->lock_duration_priority = t;
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(a->attr.name, "critical_task_priority")) {
+		if (t < NICE_TO_PRIO(MIN_NICE) || t > NICE_TO_PRIO(MAX_NICE))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
+			return -EPERM;
+		sbi->critical_task_priority = t;
+		if (sbi->cprc_info.f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+			set_user_nice(sbi->cprc_info.f2fs_issue_ckpt,
+					PRIO_TO_NICE(sbi->critical_task_priority));
+		if (sbi->gc_thread && sbi->gc_thread->f2fs_gc_task)
+			set_user_nice(sbi->gc_thread->f2fs_gc_task,
+					PRIO_TO_NICE(sbi->critical_task_priority));
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	__sbi_store_value(a, sbi, ptr + a->offset, t);
 
 	return count;
 }
@@ -1053,24 +1131,27 @@ static struct f2fs_attr f2fs_attr_sb_##_name = {		\
 	.id	= F2FS_FEATURE_##_feat,				\
 }
 
-#define F2FS_ATTR_OFFSET(_struct_type, _name, _mode, _show, _store, _offset) \
+#define F2FS_ATTR_OFFSET(_struct_type, _name, _mode, _show, _store, _offset, _size) \
 static struct f2fs_attr f2fs_attr_##_name = {			\
 	.attr = {.name = __stringify(_name), .mode = _mode },	\
 	.show	= _show,					\
 	.store	= _store,					\
 	.struct_type = _struct_type,				\
-	.offset = _offset					\
+	.offset = _offset,					\
+	.size = _size						\
 }
 
 #define F2FS_RO_ATTR(struct_type, struct_name, name, elname)	\
 	F2FS_ATTR_OFFSET(struct_type, name, 0444,		\
 		f2fs_sbi_show, NULL,				\
-		offsetof(struct struct_name, elname))
+		offsetof(struct struct_name, elname),		\
+		sizeof_field(struct struct_name, elname))
 
 #define F2FS_RW_ATTR(struct_type, struct_name, name, elname)	\
 	F2FS_ATTR_OFFSET(struct_type, name, 0644,		\
 		f2fs_sbi_show, f2fs_sbi_store,			\
-		offsetof(struct struct_name, elname))
+		offsetof(struct struct_name, elname),		\
+		sizeof_field(struct struct_name, elname))
 
 #define F2FS_GENERAL_RO_ATTR(name) \
 static struct f2fs_attr f2fs_attr_##name = __ATTR(name, 0444, name##_show, NULL)
@@ -1219,6 +1300,10 @@ F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(blkzone_alloc_policy);
 F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(carve_out);
 F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(reserved_pin_section);
 F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(bggc_io_aware);
+F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(max_lock_elapsed_time);
+F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(lock_duration_priority);
+F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(adjust_lock_priority);
+F2FS_SBI_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(critical_task_priority);
 
 /* STAT_INFO ATTR */
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS
@@ -1232,6 +1317,7 @@ STAT_INFO_RO_ATTR(gc_background_calls, gc_call_count[BACKGROUND]);
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
 FAULT_INFO_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(FAULT_INFO_RATE, inject_rate);
 FAULT_INFO_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(FAULT_INFO_TYPE, inject_type);
+FAULT_INFO_GENERAL_RW_ATTR(FAULT_INFO_TIMEOUT, inject_lock_timeout);
 #endif
 
 /* RESERVED_BLOCKS ATTR */
@@ -1361,6 +1447,7 @@ static struct attribute *f2fs_attrs[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_F2FS_FAULT_INJECTION
 	ATTR_LIST(inject_rate),
 	ATTR_LIST(inject_type),
+	ATTR_LIST(inject_lock_timeout),
 #endif
 	ATTR_LIST(data_io_flag),
 	ATTR_LIST(node_io_flag),
@@ -1422,6 +1509,10 @@ static struct attribute *f2fs_attrs[] = {
 	ATTR_LIST(reserved_pin_section),
 	ATTR_LIST(allocate_section_hint),
 	ATTR_LIST(allocate_section_policy),
+	ATTR_LIST(max_lock_elapsed_time),
+	ATTR_LIST(lock_duration_priority),
+	ATTR_LIST(adjust_lock_priority),
+	ATTR_LIST(critical_task_priority),
 	NULL,
 };
 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(f2fs);
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/xattr.c b/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
index b4e5c406632f..941dc62a6d6f 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/f2fs/xattr.c
@@ -804,6 +804,7 @@ int f2fs_setxattr(struct inode *inode, int index, const char *name,
 				struct folio *ifolio, int flags)
 {
 	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
 	int err;
 
 	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
@@ -821,11 +822,11 @@ int f2fs_setxattr(struct inode *inode, int index, const char *name,
 						size, ifolio, flags);
 	f2fs_balance_fs(sbi, true);
 
-	f2fs_lock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_lock_op(sbi, &lc);
 	f2fs_down_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_xattr_sem);
 	err = __f2fs_setxattr(inode, index, name, value, size, NULL, flags);
 	f2fs_up_write(&F2FS_I(inode)->i_xattr_sem);
-	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi);
+	f2fs_unlock_op(sbi, &lc);
 
 	f2fs_update_time(sbi, REQ_TIME);
 	return err;
diff --git a/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h b/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
index a7880787cad3..dc41722fcc9d 100644
--- a/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/f2fs_fs.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #define F2FS_LOG_SECTORS_PER_BLOCK	(PAGE_SHIFT - 9) /* log number for sector/blk */
 #define F2FS_BLKSIZE			PAGE_SIZE /* support only block == page */
 #define F2FS_BLKSIZE_BITS		PAGE_SHIFT /* bits for F2FS_BLKSIZE */
-#define F2FS_SUM_BLKSIZE		4096	/* only support 4096 byte sum block */
 #define F2FS_MAX_EXTENSION		64	/* # of extension entries */
 #define F2FS_EXTENSION_LEN		8	/* max size of extension */
 
@@ -442,10 +441,8 @@ struct f2fs_sit_block {
  * from node's page's beginning to get a data block address.
  * ex) data_blkaddr = (block_t)(nodepage_start_address + ofs_in_node)
  */
-#define ENTRIES_IN_SUM		(F2FS_SUM_BLKSIZE / 8)
 #define	SUMMARY_SIZE		(7)	/* sizeof(struct f2fs_summary) */
 #define	SUM_FOOTER_SIZE		(5)	/* sizeof(struct summary_footer) */
-#define SUM_ENTRY_SIZE		(SUMMARY_SIZE * ENTRIES_IN_SUM)
 
 /* a summary entry for a block in a segment */
 struct f2fs_summary {
@@ -468,22 +465,6 @@ struct summary_footer {
 	__le32 check_sum;		/* summary checksum */
 } __packed;
 
-#define SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE	(F2FS_SUM_BLKSIZE - SUM_FOOTER_SIZE -\
-				SUM_ENTRY_SIZE)
-#define NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES	((SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE - 2) /\
-				sizeof(struct nat_journal_entry))
-#define NAT_JOURNAL_RESERVED	((SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE - 2) %\
-				sizeof(struct nat_journal_entry))
-#define SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES	((SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE - 2) /\
-				sizeof(struct sit_journal_entry))
-#define SIT_JOURNAL_RESERVED	((SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE - 2) %\
-				sizeof(struct sit_journal_entry))
-
-/* Reserved area should make size of f2fs_extra_info equals to
- * that of nat_journal and sit_journal.
- */
-#define EXTRA_INFO_RESERVED	(SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE - 2 - 8)
-
 /*
  * frequently updated NAT/SIT entries can be stored in the spare area in
  * summary blocks
@@ -498,9 +479,16 @@ struct nat_journal_entry {
 	struct f2fs_nat_entry ne;
 } __packed;
 
+/*
+ * The nat_journal structure is a placeholder whose actual size varies depending
+ * on the use of packed_ssa. Therefore, it must always be accessed only through
+ * specific sets of macros and fields, and size calculations should use
+ * size-related macros instead of sizeof().
+ * Relevant macros: sbi->nat_journal_entries, nat_in_journal(),
+ * nid_in_journal(), MAX_NAT_JENTRIES().
+ */
 struct nat_journal {
-	struct nat_journal_entry entries[NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES];
-	__u8 reserved[NAT_JOURNAL_RESERVED];
+	struct nat_journal_entry entries[0];
 } __packed;
 
 struct sit_journal_entry {
@@ -508,14 +496,21 @@ struct sit_journal_entry {
 	struct f2fs_sit_entry se;
 } __packed;
 
+/*
+ * The sit_journal structure is a placeholder whose actual size varies depending
+ * on the use of packed_ssa. Therefore, it must always be accessed only through
+ * specific sets of macros and fields, and size calculations should use
+ * size-related macros instead of sizeof().
+ * Relevant macros: sbi->sit_journal_entries, sit_in_journal(),
+ * segno_in_journal(), MAX_SIT_JENTRIES().
+ */
 struct sit_journal {
-	struct sit_journal_entry entries[SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES];
-	__u8 reserved[SIT_JOURNAL_RESERVED];
+	struct sit_journal_entry entries[0];
 } __packed;
 
 struct f2fs_extra_info {
 	__le64 kbytes_written;
-	__u8 reserved[EXTRA_INFO_RESERVED];
+	__u8 reserved[];
 } __packed;
 
 struct f2fs_journal {
@@ -531,11 +526,33 @@ struct f2fs_journal {
 	};
 } __packed;
 
-/* Block-sized summary block structure */
+/*
+ * Block-sized summary block structure
+ *
+ * The f2fs_summary_block structure is a placeholder whose actual size varies
+ * depending on the use of packed_ssa. Therefore, it must always be accessed
+ * only through specific sets of macros and fields, and size calculations should
+ * use size-related macros instead of sizeof().
+ * Relevant macros: sbi->sum_blocksize, sbi->entries_in_sum,
+ * sbi->sum_entry_size, sum_entries(), sum_journal(), sum_footer().
+ *
+ * Summary Block Layout
+ *
+ * +-----------------------+ <--- Block Start
+ * | struct f2fs_summary   |
+ * | entries[0]            |
+ * | ...                   |
+ * | entries[N-1]          |
+ * +-----------------------+
+ * | struct f2fs_journal   |
+ * +-----------------------+
+ * | struct summary_footer |
+ * +-----------------------+ <--- Block End
+ */
 struct f2fs_summary_block {
-	struct f2fs_summary entries[ENTRIES_IN_SUM];
-	struct f2fs_journal journal;
-	struct summary_footer footer;
+	struct f2fs_summary entries[0];
+	// struct f2fs_journal journal;
+	// struct summary_footer footer;
 } __packed;
 
 /*
diff --git a/include/trace/events/f2fs.h b/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
index df4017dcc701..9364e6775562 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/f2fs.h
@@ -184,6 +184,15 @@ TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(CP_PHASE_FINISH_CHECKPOINT);
 		{ CP_PHASE_FINISH_BLOCK_OPS,	"finish block_ops" },			\
 		{ CP_PHASE_FINISH_CHECKPOINT,	"finish checkpoint" })
 
+#define show_lock_name(lock)						\
+	__print_symbolic(lock,						\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_CP_RWSEM,		"cp_rwsem" },		\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_NODE_CHANGE,	"node_change" },	\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_NODE_WRITE,		"node_write" },		\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_GC_LOCK,		"gc_lock" },		\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_CP_GLOBAL,		"cp_global" },		\
+		{ LOCK_NAME_IO_RWSEM,		"io_rwsem" })
+
 struct f2fs_sb_info;
 struct f2fs_io_info;
 struct extent_info;
@@ -1358,6 +1367,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(f2fs__folio,
 		__field(int, type)
 		__field(int, dir)
 		__field(pgoff_t, index)
+		__field(pgoff_t, nrpages)
 		__field(int, dirty)
 		__field(int, uptodate)
 	),
@@ -1368,16 +1378,18 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(f2fs__folio,
 		__entry->type	= type;
 		__entry->dir	= S_ISDIR(folio->mapping->host->i_mode);
 		__entry->index	= folio->index;
+		__entry->nrpages= folio_nr_pages(folio);
 		__entry->dirty	= folio_test_dirty(folio);
 		__entry->uptodate = folio_test_uptodate(folio);
 	),
 
-	TP_printk("dev = (%d,%d), ino = %lu, %s, %s, index = %lu, "
+	TP_printk("dev = (%d,%d), ino = %lu, %s, %s, index = %lu, nr_pages = %lu, "
 		"dirty = %d, uptodate = %d",
 		show_dev_ino(__entry),
 		show_block_type(__entry->type),
 		show_file_type(__entry->dir),
 		(unsigned long)__entry->index,
+		(unsigned long)__entry->nrpages,
 		__entry->dirty,
 		__entry->uptodate)
 );
@@ -1403,6 +1415,13 @@ DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs__folio, f2fs_readpage,
 	TP_ARGS(folio, type)
 );
 
+DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs__folio, f2fs_read_folio,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct folio *folio, int type),
+
+	TP_ARGS(folio, type)
+);
+
 DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs__folio, f2fs_set_page_dirty,
 
 	TP_PROTO(struct folio *folio, int type),
@@ -2442,6 +2461,127 @@ DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs__rw_end, f2fs_datawrite_end,
 	TP_ARGS(inode, offset, bytes)
 );
 
+TRACE_EVENT(f2fs_lock_elapsed_time,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum f2fs_lock_name lock_name,
+		bool is_write, struct task_struct *p, int ioprio,
+		unsigned long long total_time,
+		unsigned long long running_time,
+		unsigned long long runnable_time,
+		unsigned long long io_sleep_time,
+		unsigned long long other_time),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sbi, lock_name, is_write, p, ioprio, total_time, running_time,
+		runnable_time, io_sleep_time, other_time),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__array(char, comm, TASK_COMM_LEN)
+		__field(pid_t, pid)
+		__field(int, prio)
+		__field(int, ioprio_class)
+		__field(int, ioprio_data)
+		__field(unsigned int, lock_name)
+		__field(bool, is_write)
+		__field(unsigned long long, total_time)
+		__field(unsigned long long, running_time)
+		__field(unsigned long long, runnable_time)
+		__field(unsigned long long, io_sleep_time)
+		__field(unsigned long long, other_time)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev		= sbi->sb->s_dev;
+		memcpy(__entry->comm, p->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN);
+		__entry->pid		= p->pid;
+		__entry->prio		= p->prio;
+		__entry->ioprio_class	= IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(ioprio);
+		__entry->ioprio_data	= IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(ioprio);
+		__entry->lock_name	= lock_name;
+		__entry->is_write	= is_write;
+		__entry->total_time	= total_time;
+		__entry->running_time	= running_time;
+		__entry->runnable_time	= runnable_time;
+		__entry->io_sleep_time	= io_sleep_time;
+		__entry->other_time	= other_time;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("dev = (%d,%d), comm: %s, pid: %d, prio: %d, "
+		"ioprio_class: %d, ioprio_data: %d, lock_name: %s, "
+		"lock_type: %s, total: %llu, running: %llu, "
+		"runnable: %llu, io_sleep: %llu, other: %llu",
+		show_dev(__entry->dev),
+		__entry->comm,
+		__entry->pid,
+		__entry->prio,
+		__entry->ioprio_class,
+		__entry->ioprio_data,
+		show_lock_name(__entry->lock_name),
+		__entry->is_write ? "wlock" : "rlock",
+		__entry->total_time,
+		__entry->running_time,
+		__entry->runnable_time,
+		__entry->io_sleep_time,
+		__entry->other_time)
+);
+
+DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(f2fs_priority_update,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum f2fs_lock_name lock_name,
+		bool is_write, struct task_struct *p, int orig_prio,
+		int new_prio),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sbi, lock_name, is_write, p, orig_prio, new_prio),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(dev_t, dev)
+		__array(char, comm, TASK_COMM_LEN)
+		__field(pid_t, pid)
+		__field(unsigned int, lock_name)
+		__field(bool, is_write)
+		__field(int, orig_prio)
+		__field(int, new_prio)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->dev		= sbi->sb->s_dev;
+		memcpy(__entry->comm, p->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN);
+		__entry->pid		= p->pid;
+		__entry->lock_name	= lock_name;
+		__entry->is_write	= is_write;
+		__entry->orig_prio	= orig_prio;
+		__entry->new_prio	= new_prio;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("dev = (%d,%d), comm: %s, pid: %d, lock_name: %s, "
+		"lock_type: %s, orig_prio: %d, new_prio: %d",
+		show_dev(__entry->dev),
+		__entry->comm,
+		__entry->pid,
+		show_lock_name(__entry->lock_name),
+		__entry->is_write ? "wlock" : "rlock",
+		__entry->orig_prio,
+		__entry->new_prio)
+);
+
+DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs_priority_update, f2fs_priority_uplift,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum f2fs_lock_name lock_name,
+		bool is_write, struct task_struct *p, int orig_prio,
+		int new_prio),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sbi, lock_name, is_write, p, orig_prio, new_prio)
+);
+
+DEFINE_EVENT(f2fs_priority_update, f2fs_priority_restore,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum f2fs_lock_name lock_name,
+		bool is_write, struct task_struct *p, int orig_prio,
+		int new_prio),
+
+	TP_ARGS(sbi, lock_name, is_write, p, orig_prio, new_prio)
+);
+
 #endif /* _TRACE_F2FS_H */
 
  /* This part must be outside protection */