1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
|
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
(*
* Copyright (C) 2015 Jade Alglave <j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk>,
* Copyright (C) 2016 Luc Maranget <luc.maranget@inria.fr> for Inria
* Copyright (C) 2017 Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>,
* Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
*
* An earlier version of this file appeared in the companion webpage for
* "Frightening small children and disconcerting grown-ups: Concurrency
* in the Linux kernel" by Alglave, Maranget, McKenney, Parri, and Stern,
* which appeared in ASPLOS 2018.
*)
"Linux-kernel memory consistency model"
(*
* File "lock.cat" handles locks and is experimental.
* It can be replaced by include "cos.cat" for tests that do not use locks.
*)
include "lock.cat"
(*******************)
(* Basic relations *)
(*******************)
(* Release Acquire *)
let acq-po = [Acquire] ; po ; [M]
let po-rel = [M] ; po ; [Release]
let po-unlock-rf-lock-po = po ; [UL] ; rf ; [LKR] ; po
(* Fences *)
let R4rmb = R \ Noreturn (* Reads for which rmb works *)
let rmb = [R4rmb] ; fencerel(Rmb) ; [R4rmb]
let wmb = [W] ; fencerel(Wmb) ; [W]
let mb = ([M] ; fencerel(Mb) ; [M]) |
([M] ; fencerel(Before-atomic) ; [RMW] ; po? ; [M]) |
([M] ; po? ; [RMW] ; fencerel(After-atomic) ; [M]) |
([M] ; po? ; [LKW] ; fencerel(After-spinlock) ; [M]) |
([M] ; po ; [UL] ; (co | po) ; [LKW] ;
fencerel(After-unlock-lock) ; [M])
let gp = po ; [Sync-rcu | Sync-srcu] ; po?
let strong-fence = mb | gp
let nonrw-fence = strong-fence | po-rel | acq-po
let fence = nonrw-fence | wmb | rmb
let barrier = fencerel(Barrier | Rmb | Wmb | Mb | Sync-rcu | Sync-srcu |
Before-atomic | After-atomic | Acquire | Release |
Rcu-lock | Rcu-unlock | Srcu-lock | Srcu-unlock) |
(po ; [Release]) | ([Acquire] ; po)
(**********************************)
(* Fundamental coherence ordering *)
(**********************************)
(* Sequential Consistency Per Variable *)
let com = rf | co | fr
acyclic po-loc | com as coherence
(* Atomic Read-Modify-Write *)
empty rmw & (fre ; coe) as atomic
(**********************************)
(* Instruction execution ordering *)
(**********************************)
(* Preserved Program Order *)
let dep = addr | data
let rwdep = (dep | ctrl) ; [W]
let overwrite = co | fr
let to-w = rwdep | (overwrite & int) | (addr ; [Plain] ; wmb)
let to-r = addr | (dep ; [Marked] ; rfi)
let ppo = to-r | to-w | fence | (po-unlock-rf-lock-po & int)
(* Propagation: Ordering from release operations and strong fences. *)
let A-cumul(r) = (rfe ; [Marked])? ; r
let cumul-fence = [Marked] ; (A-cumul(strong-fence | po-rel) | wmb |
po-unlock-rf-lock-po) ; [Marked]
let prop = [Marked] ; (overwrite & ext)? ; cumul-fence* ;
[Marked] ; rfe? ; [Marked]
(*
* Happens Before: Ordering from the passage of time.
* No fences needed here for prop because relation confined to one process.
*)
let hb = [Marked] ; (ppo | rfe | ((prop \ id) & int)) ; [Marked]
acyclic hb as happens-before
(****************************************)
(* Write and fence propagation ordering *)
(****************************************)
(* Propagation: Each non-rf link needs a strong fence. *)
let pb = prop ; strong-fence ; hb* ; [Marked]
acyclic pb as propagation
(*******)
(* RCU *)
(*******)
(*
* Effects of read-side critical sections proceed from the rcu_read_unlock()
* or srcu_read_unlock() backwards on the one hand, and from the
* rcu_read_lock() or srcu_read_lock() forwards on the other hand.
*
* In the definition of rcu-fence below, the po term at the left-hand side
* of each disjunct and the po? term at the right-hand end have been factored
* out. They have been moved into the definitions of rcu-link and rb.
* This was necessary in order to apply the "& loc" tests correctly.
*)
let rcu-gp = [Sync-rcu] (* Compare with gp *)
let srcu-gp = [Sync-srcu]
let rcu-rscsi = rcu-rscs^-1
let srcu-rscsi = srcu-rscs^-1
(*
* The synchronize_rcu() strong fence is special in that it can order not
* one but two non-rf relations, but only in conjunction with an RCU
* read-side critical section.
*)
let rcu-link = po? ; hb* ; pb* ; prop ; po
(*
* Any sequence containing at least as many grace periods as RCU read-side
* critical sections (joined by rcu-link) acts as a generalized strong fence.
* Likewise for SRCU grace periods and read-side critical sections, provided
* the synchronize_srcu() and srcu_read_[un]lock() calls refer to the same
* struct srcu_struct location.
*)
let rec rcu-fence = rcu-gp | srcu-gp |
(rcu-gp ; rcu-link ; rcu-rscsi) |
((srcu-gp ; rcu-link ; srcu-rscsi) & loc) |
(rcu-rscsi ; rcu-link ; rcu-gp) |
((srcu-rscsi ; rcu-link ; srcu-gp) & loc) |
(rcu-gp ; rcu-link ; rcu-fence ; rcu-link ; rcu-rscsi) |
((srcu-gp ; rcu-link ; rcu-fence ; rcu-link ; srcu-rscsi) & loc) |
(rcu-rscsi ; rcu-link ; rcu-fence ; rcu-link ; rcu-gp) |
((srcu-rscsi ; rcu-link ; rcu-fence ; rcu-link ; srcu-gp) & loc) |
(rcu-fence ; rcu-link ; rcu-fence)
(* rb orders instructions just as pb does *)
let rb = prop ; po ; rcu-fence ; po? ; hb* ; pb* ; [Marked]
irreflexive rb as rcu
(*
* The happens-before, propagation, and rcu constraints are all
* expressions of temporal ordering. They could be replaced by
* a single constraint on an "executes-before" relation, xb:
*
* let xb = hb | pb | rb
* acyclic xb as executes-before
*)
(*********************************)
(* Plain accesses and data races *)
(*********************************)
(* Warn about plain writes and marked accesses in the same region *)
let mixed-accesses = ([Plain & W] ; (po-loc \ barrier) ; [Marked]) |
([Marked] ; (po-loc \ barrier) ; [Plain & W])
flag ~empty mixed-accesses as mixed-accesses
(* Executes-before and visibility *)
let xbstar = (hb | pb | rb)*
let full-fence = strong-fence | (po ; rcu-fence ; po?)
let vis = cumul-fence* ; rfe? ; [Marked] ;
((full-fence ; [Marked] ; xbstar) | (xbstar & int))
(* Boundaries for lifetimes of plain accesses *)
let w-pre-bounded = [Marked] ; (addr | fence)?
let r-pre-bounded = [Marked] ; (addr | nonrw-fence |
([R4rmb] ; fencerel(Rmb) ; [~Noreturn]))?
let w-post-bounded = fence? ; [Marked]
let r-post-bounded = (nonrw-fence | ([~Noreturn] ; fencerel(Rmb) ; [R4rmb]))? ;
[Marked]
(* Visibility and executes-before for plain accesses *)
let ww-vis = w-post-bounded ; vis ; w-pre-bounded
let wr-vis = w-post-bounded ; vis ; r-pre-bounded
let rw-xbstar = r-post-bounded ; xbstar ; w-pre-bounded
(* Potential races *)
let pre-race = ext & ((Plain * M) | ((M \ IW) * Plain))
(* Coherence requirements for plain accesses *)
let wr-incoh = pre-race & rf & rw-xbstar^-1
let rw-incoh = pre-race & fr & wr-vis^-1
let ww-incoh = pre-race & co & ww-vis^-1
empty (wr-incoh | rw-incoh | ww-incoh) as plain-coherence
(* Actual races *)
let ww-nonrace = ww-vis & ((Marked * W) | rw-xbstar) & ((W * Marked) | wr-vis)
let ww-race = (pre-race & co) \ ww-nonrace
let wr-race = (pre-race & (co? ; rf)) \ wr-vis
let rw-race = (pre-race & fr) \ rw-xbstar
flag ~empty (ww-race | wr-race | rw-race) as data-race
|
