13 files changed, 248 insertions, 260 deletions

diff --git a/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/pcm.c b/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/pcm.c
index 4177d9729d0b..053b09c79053 100644
--- a/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/pcm.c
@@ -968,7 +968,6 @@ i2sbus_attach_codec(struct soundbus_dev *dev, struct snd_card *card,
 			printk(KERN_DEBUG "i2sbus: failed to create pcm\n");
 			goto out_put_ci_module;
 		}
-		dev->pcm->dev = &dev->ofdev.dev;
 	}
 
 	/* ALSA yet again sucks.
@@ -988,6 +987,8 @@ i2sbus_attach_codec(struct soundbus_dev *dev, struct snd_card *card,
 			goto out_put_ci_module;
 		snd_pcm_set_ops(dev->pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
 				&i2sbus_playback_ops);
+		dev->pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].dev.parent =
+			&dev->ofdev.dev;
 		i2sdev->out.created = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1003,6 +1004,8 @@ i2sbus_attach_codec(struct soundbus_dev *dev, struct snd_card *card,
 			goto out_put_ci_module;
 		snd_pcm_set_ops(dev->pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
 				&i2sbus_record_ops);
+		dev->pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].dev.parent =
+			&dev->ofdev.dev;
 		i2sdev->in.created = 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/sound/core/compress_offload.c b/sound/core/compress_offload.c
index 89028fab64fd..b123c42e7dc8 100644
--- a/sound/core/compress_offload.c
+++ b/sound/core/compress_offload.c
@@ -868,12 +868,12 @@ static int snd_compress_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 		return -EBADFD;
 	compr = device->device_data;
 
-	sprintf(str, "comprC%iD%i", compr->card->number, compr->device);
 	pr_debug("reg %s for device %s, direction %d\n", str, compr->name,
 			compr->direction);
 	/* register compressed device */
-	ret = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_COMPRESS, compr->card,
-			compr->device, &snd_compr_file_ops, compr, str);
+	ret = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_COMPRESS,
+				  compr->card, compr->device,
+				  &snd_compr_file_ops, compr, &compr->dev);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		pr_err("snd_register_device failed\n %d", ret);
 		return ret;
@@ -887,8 +887,16 @@ static int snd_compress_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	struct snd_compr *compr;
 
 	compr = device->device_data;
-	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_COMPRESS, compr->card,
-		compr->device);
+	snd_unregister_device(&compr->dev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_compress_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
+{
+	struct snd_compr *compr;
+
+	compr = device->device_data;
+	put_device(&compr->dev);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -903,7 +911,7 @@ int snd_compress_new(struct snd_card *card, int device,
 			int dirn, struct snd_compr *compr)
 {
 	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
-		.dev_free = NULL,
+		.dev_free = snd_compress_dev_free,
 		.dev_register = snd_compress_dev_register,
 		.dev_disconnect = snd_compress_dev_disconnect,
 	};
@@ -911,6 +919,10 @@ int snd_compress_new(struct snd_card *card, int device,
 	compr->card = card;
 	compr->device = device;
 	compr->direction = dirn;
+
+	snd_device_initialize(&compr->dev, card);
+	dev_set_name(&compr->dev, "comprC%iD%i", card->number, device);
+
 	return snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_COMPRESS, compr, &ops);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_compress_new);
@@ -948,7 +960,7 @@ int snd_compress_register(struct snd_compr *device)
 {
 	int retval;
 
-	if (device->name == NULL || device->dev == NULL || device->ops == NULL)
+	if (device->name == NULL || device->ops == NULL)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	pr_debug("Registering compressed device %s\n", device->name);
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index bb96a467e88d..60caba1f2211 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_ctl_file *ctl;
-	int err;
+	int i, err;
 
 	err = nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ static int snd_ctl_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	init_waitqueue_head(&ctl->change_sleep);
 	spin_lock_init(&ctl->read_lock);
 	ctl->card = card;
-	ctl->prefer_pcm_subdevice = -1;
-	ctl->prefer_rawmidi_subdevice = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < SND_CTL_SUBDEV_ITEMS; i++)
+		ctl->preferred_subdevice[i] = -1;
 	ctl->pid = get_pid(task_pid(current));
 	file->private_data = ctl;
 	write_lock_irqsave(&card->ctl_files_rwlock, flags);
@@ -1607,6 +1607,27 @@ static int snd_ctl_fasync(int fd, struct file * file, int on)
 	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &ctl->fasync);
 }
 
+/* return the preferred subdevice number if already assigned;
+ * otherwise return -1
+ */
+int snd_ctl_get_preferred_subdevice(struct snd_card *card, int type)
+{
+	struct snd_ctl_file *kctl;
+	int subdevice = -1;
+
+	read_lock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
+	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->ctl_files, list) {
+		if (kctl->pid == task_pid(current)) {
+			subdevice = kctl->preferred_subdevice[type];
+			if (subdevice != -1)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
+	return subdevice;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_ctl_get_preferred_subdevice);
+
 /*
  * ioctl32 compat
  */
@@ -1639,19 +1660,9 @@ static const struct file_operations snd_ctl_f_ops =
 static int snd_ctl_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card = device->device_data;
-	int err, cardnum;
-	char name[16];
 
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	cardnum = card->number;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(cardnum < 0 || cardnum >= SNDRV_CARDS))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	sprintf(name, "controlC%i", cardnum);
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL, card, -1,
-				       &snd_ctl_f_ops, card, name)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL, card, -1,
+				   &snd_ctl_f_ops, card, &card->ctl_dev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1661,13 +1672,6 @@ static int snd_ctl_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card = device->device_data;
 	struct snd_ctl_file *ctl;
-	int err, cardnum;
-
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	cardnum = card->number;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(cardnum < 0 || cardnum >= SNDRV_CARDS))
-		return -ENXIO;
 
 	read_lock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 	list_for_each_entry(ctl, &card->ctl_files, list) {
@@ -1676,10 +1680,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	}
 	read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 
-	if ((err = snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_CONTROL,
-					 card, -1)) < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return snd_unregister_device(&card->ctl_dev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1696,6 +1697,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 		snd_ctl_remove(card, control);
 	}
 	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
+	put_device(&card->ctl_dev);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1710,10 +1712,20 @@ int snd_ctl_create(struct snd_card *card)
 		.dev_register =	snd_ctl_dev_register,
 		.dev_disconnect = snd_ctl_dev_disconnect,
 	};
+	int err;
 
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
 		return -ENXIO;
-	return snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_CONTROL, card, &ops);
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(card->number < 0 || card->number >= SNDRV_CARDS))
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	snd_device_initialize(&card->ctl_dev, card);
+	dev_set_name(&card->ctl_dev, "controlC%d", card->number);
+
+	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_CONTROL, card, &ops);
+	if (err < 0)
+		put_device(&card->ctl_dev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/core/hwdep.c b/sound/core/hwdep.c
index 69459e5f712e..84244a5143cf 100644
--- a/sound/core/hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/core/hwdep.c
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 static LIST_HEAD(snd_hwdep_devices);
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
 
-static int snd_hwdep_free(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep);
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_free(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device);
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device);
@@ -345,6 +344,11 @@ static const struct file_operations snd_hwdep_f_ops =
 	.mmap =		snd_hwdep_mmap,
 };
 
+static void release_hwdep_device(struct device *dev)
+{
+	kfree(container_of(dev, struct snd_hwdep, dev));
+}
+
 /**
  * snd_hwdep_new - create a new hwdep instance
  * @card: the card instance
@@ -378,48 +382,49 @@ int snd_hwdep_new(struct snd_card *card, char *id, int device,
 		dev_err(card->dev, "hwdep: cannot allocate\n");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
+
+	init_waitqueue_head(&hwdep->open_wait);
+	mutex_init(&hwdep->open_mutex);
 	hwdep->card = card;
 	hwdep->device = device;
 	if (id)
 		strlcpy(hwdep->id, id, sizeof(hwdep->id));
+
+	snd_device_initialize(&hwdep->dev, card);
+	hwdep->dev.release = release_hwdep_device;
+	dev_set_name(&hwdep->dev, "hwC%iD%i", card->number, device);
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 	hwdep->oss_type = -1;
 #endif
-	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_HWDEP, hwdep, &ops)) < 0) {
-		snd_hwdep_free(hwdep);
+
+	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_HWDEP, hwdep, &ops);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		put_device(&hwdep->dev);
 		return err;
 	}
-	init_waitqueue_head(&hwdep->open_wait);
-	mutex_init(&hwdep->open_mutex);
+
 	if (rhwdep)
 		*rhwdep = hwdep;
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_hwdep_new);
 
-static int snd_hwdep_free(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep)
+static int snd_hwdep_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 {
+	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep = device->device_data;
 	if (!hwdep)
 		return 0;
 	if (hwdep->private_free)
 		hwdep->private_free(hwdep);
-	kfree(hwdep);
+	put_device(&hwdep->dev);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_hwdep_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
-{
-	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep = device->device_data;
-	return snd_hwdep_free(hwdep);
-}
-
 static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep = device->device_data;
 	struct snd_card *card = hwdep->card;
-	struct device *dev;
 	int err;
-	char name[32];
 
 	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
 	if (snd_hwdep_search(card, hwdep->device)) {
@@ -427,53 +432,30 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 	list_add_tail(&hwdep->list, &snd_hwdep_devices);
-	sprintf(name, "hwC%iD%i", hwdep->card->number, hwdep->device);
-	dev = hwdep->dev;
-	if (!dev)
-		dev = snd_card_get_device_link(hwdep->card);
-	err = snd_register_device_for_dev(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP,
-					  hwdep->card, hwdep->device,
-					  &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep, name, dev);
+	err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP,
+				  hwdep->card, hwdep->device,
+				  &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep, &hwdep->dev);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(dev,
-			"unable to register hardware dependent device %i:%i\n",
-			card->number, hwdep->device);
+		dev_err(&hwdep->dev, "unable to register\n");
 		list_del(&hwdep->list);
 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
 
-	if (hwdep->groups) {
-		struct device *d = snd_get_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP,
-						  hwdep->card, hwdep->device);
-		if (d) {
-			if (hwdep->private_data)
-				dev_set_drvdata(d, hwdep->private_data);
-			err = sysfs_create_groups(&d->kobj, hwdep->groups);
-			if (err < 0)
-				dev_warn(dev,
-					 "hwdep %d:%d: cannot create sysfs groups\n",
-					 card->number, hwdep->device);
-			put_device(d);
-		}
-	}
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
 	hwdep->ossreg = 0;
 	if (hwdep->oss_type >= 0) {
-		if ((hwdep->oss_type == SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_DMFM) && (hwdep->device != 0)) {
-			dev_warn(dev,
+		if (hwdep->oss_type == SNDRV_OSS_DEVICE_TYPE_DMFM &&
+		    hwdep->device)
+			dev_warn(&hwdep->dev,
 				 "only hwdep device 0 can be registered as OSS direct FM device!\n");
-		} else {
-			if (snd_register_oss_device(hwdep->oss_type,
-						    card, hwdep->device,
-						    &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep) < 0) {
-				dev_err(dev,
-					"unable to register OSS compatibility device %i:%i\n",
-					card->number, hwdep->device);
-			} else
-				hwdep->ossreg = 1;
-		}
+		else if (snd_register_oss_device(hwdep->oss_type,
+						 card, hwdep->device,
+						 &snd_hwdep_f_ops, hwdep) < 0)
+			dev_warn(&hwdep->dev,
+				 "unable to register OSS compatibility device\n");
+		else
+			hwdep->ossreg = 1;
 	}
 #endif
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
@@ -497,7 +479,7 @@ static int snd_hwdep_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	if (hwdep->ossreg)
 		snd_unregister_oss_device(hwdep->oss_type, hwdep->card, hwdep->device);
 #endif
-	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_HWDEP, hwdep->card, hwdep->device);
+	snd_unregister_device(&hwdep->dev);
 	list_del_init(&hwdep->list);
 	mutex_unlock(&hwdep->open_mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
diff --git a/sound/core/init.c b/sound/core/init.c
index 074875d68c15..96194599e82e 100644
--- a/sound/core/init.c
+++ b/sound/core/init.c
@@ -157,6 +157,29 @@ static int get_slot_from_bitmask(int mask, int (*check)(struct module *, int),
 	return mask; /* unchanged */
 }
 
+/* the default release callback set in snd_device_initialize() below;
+ * this is just NOP for now, as almost all jobs are already done in
+ * dev_free callback of snd_device chain instead.
+ */
+static void default_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_device_initialize - Initialize struct device for sound devices
+ * @dev: device to initialize
+ * @card: card to assign, optional
+ */
+void snd_device_initialize(struct device *dev, struct snd_card *card)
+{
+	device_initialize(dev);
+	if (card)
+		dev->parent = &card->card_dev;
+	dev->class = sound_class;
+	dev->release = default_release;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_device_initialize);
+
 static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card);
 static const struct attribute_group *card_dev_attr_groups[];
 
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index cfc56c806964..0345e53a340c 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 			
 			if (get_user(val, (int __user *)arg))
 				return -EFAULT;
-			control->prefer_pcm_subdevice = val;
+			control->preferred_subdevice[SND_CTL_SUBDEV_PCM] = val;
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -673,6 +673,8 @@ static inline int snd_pcm_substream_proc_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substrea
 static inline int snd_pcm_substream_proc_done(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream) { return 0; }
 #endif /* CONFIG_SND_VERBOSE_PROCFS */
 
+static const struct attribute_group *pcm_dev_attr_groups[];
+
 /**
  * snd_pcm_new_stream - create a new PCM stream
  * @pcm: the pcm instance
@@ -698,7 +700,15 @@ int snd_pcm_new_stream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream, int substream_count)
 	pstr->stream = stream;
 	pstr->pcm = pcm;
 	pstr->substream_count = substream_count;
-	if (substream_count > 0 && !pcm->internal) {
+	if (!substream_count)
+		return 0;
+
+	snd_device_initialize(&pstr->dev, pcm->card);
+	pstr->dev.groups = pcm_dev_attr_groups;
+	dev_set_name(&pstr->dev, "pcmC%iD%i%c", pcm->card->number, pcm->device,
+		     stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 'p' : 'c');
+
+	if (!pcm->internal) {
 		err = snd_pcm_stream_proc_init(pstr);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			pcm_err(pcm, "Error in snd_pcm_stream_proc_init\n");
@@ -868,6 +878,8 @@ static void snd_pcm_free_stream(struct snd_pcm_str * pstr)
 		kfree(setup);
 	}
 #endif
+	if (pstr->substream_count)
+		put_device(&pstr->dev);
 }
 
 static int snd_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
@@ -901,9 +913,8 @@ int snd_pcm_attach_substream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream,
 	struct snd_pcm_str * pstr;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
-	struct snd_ctl_file *kctl;
 	struct snd_card *card;
-	int prefer_subdevice = -1;
+	int prefer_subdevice;
 	size_t size;
 
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!pcm || !rsubstream))
@@ -914,15 +925,7 @@ int snd_pcm_attach_substream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream,
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	card = pcm->card;
-	read_lock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
-	list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->ctl_files, list) {
-		if (kctl->pid == task_pid(current)) {
-			prefer_subdevice = kctl->prefer_pcm_subdevice;
-			if (prefer_subdevice != -1)
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
+	prefer_subdevice = snd_ctl_get_preferred_subdevice(card, SND_CTL_SUBDEV_PCM);
 
 	switch (stream) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
@@ -1078,9 +1081,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 	int cidx, err;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
 	struct snd_pcm_notify *notify;
-	char str[16];
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-	struct device *dev;
 
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!device || !device->device_data))
 		return -ENXIO;
@@ -1097,42 +1098,22 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 			continue;
 		switch (cidx) {
 		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
-			sprintf(str, "pcmC%iD%ip", pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
 			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK;
 			break;
 		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
-			sprintf(str, "pcmC%iD%ic", pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
 			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE;
 			break;
 		}
-		/* device pointer to use, pcm->dev takes precedence if
-		 * it is assigned, otherwise fall back to card's device
-		 * if possible */
-		dev = pcm->dev;
-		if (!dev)
-			dev = snd_card_get_device_link(pcm->card);
 		/* register pcm */
-		err = snd_register_device_for_dev(devtype, pcm->card,
-						  pcm->device,
-						  &snd_pcm_f_ops[cidx],
-						  pcm, str, dev);
+		err = snd_register_device(devtype, pcm->card, pcm->device,
+					  &snd_pcm_f_ops[cidx], pcm,
+					  &pcm->streams[cidx].dev);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			list_del(&pcm->list);
 			mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 			return err;
 		}
 
-		dev = snd_get_device(devtype, pcm->card, pcm->device);
-		if (dev) {
-			err = sysfs_create_groups(&dev->kobj,
-						  pcm_dev_attr_groups);
-			if (err < 0)
-				dev_warn(dev,
-					 "pcm %d:%d: cannot create sysfs groups\n",
-					 pcm->card->number, pcm->device);
-			put_device(dev);
-		}
-
 		for (substream = pcm->streams[cidx].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
 			snd_pcm_timer_init(substream);
 	}
@@ -1149,7 +1130,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm = device->device_data;
 	struct snd_pcm_notify *notify;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
-	int cidx, devtype;
+	int cidx;
 
 	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
 	if (list_empty(&pcm->list))
@@ -1172,16 +1153,7 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 		notify->n_disconnect(pcm);
 	}
 	for (cidx = 0; cidx < 2; cidx++) {
-		devtype = -1;
-		switch (cidx) {
-		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
-			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK;
-			break;
-		case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
-			devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE;
-			break;
-		}
-		snd_unregister_device(devtype, pcm->card, pcm->device);
+		snd_unregister_device(&pcm->streams[cidx].dev);
 		if (pcm->streams[cidx].chmap_kctl) {
 			snd_ctl_remove(pcm->card, pcm->streams[cidx].chmap_kctl);
 			pcm->streams[cidx].chmap_kctl = NULL;
diff --git a/sound/core/rawmidi.c b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
index 6fc71a4c8a51..b5a748596fc4 100644
--- a/sound/core/rawmidi.c
+++ b/sound/core/rawmidi.c
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ static LIST_HEAD(snd_rawmidi_devices);
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_mutex);
 
 #define rmidi_err(rmidi, fmt, args...) \
-	dev_err((rmidi)->card->dev, fmt, ##args)
+	dev_err(&(rmidi)->dev, fmt, ##args)
 #define rmidi_warn(rmidi, fmt, args...) \
-	dev_warn((rmidi)->card->dev, fmt, ##args)
+	dev_warn(&(rmidi)->dev, fmt, ##args)
 #define rmidi_dbg(rmidi, fmt, args...) \
-	dev_dbg((rmidi)->card->dev, fmt, ##args)
+	dev_dbg(&(rmidi)->dev, fmt, ##args)
 
 static struct snd_rawmidi *snd_rawmidi_search(struct snd_card *card, int device)
 {
@@ -369,7 +369,6 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 	struct snd_rawmidi_file *rawmidi_file = NULL;
 	wait_queue_t wait;
-	struct snd_ctl_file *kctl;
 
 	if ((file->f_flags & O_APPEND) && !(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) 
 		return -EINVAL;		/* invalid combination */
@@ -413,16 +412,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
 	add_wait_queue(&rmidi->open_wait, &wait);
 	while (1) {
-		subdevice = -1;
-		read_lock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
-		list_for_each_entry(kctl, &card->ctl_files, list) {
-			if (kctl->pid == task_pid(current)) {
-				subdevice = kctl->prefer_rawmidi_subdevice;
-				if (subdevice != -1)
-					break;
-			}
-		}
-		read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
+		subdevice = snd_ctl_get_preferred_subdevice(card, SND_CTL_SUBDEV_RAWMIDI);
 		err = rawmidi_open_priv(rmidi, subdevice, fflags, rawmidi_file);
 		if (err >= 0)
 			break;
@@ -862,7 +852,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_control_ioctl(struct snd_card *card,
 		
 		if (get_user(val, (int __user *)argp))
 			return -EFAULT;
-		control->prefer_rawmidi_subdevice = val;
+		control->preferred_subdevice[SND_CTL_SUBDEV_RAWMIDI] = val;
 		return 0;
 	}
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_RAWMIDI_INFO:
@@ -1453,6 +1443,11 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_alloc_substreams(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void release_rawmidi_device(struct device *dev)
+{
+	kfree(container_of(dev, struct snd_rawmidi, dev));
+}
+
 /**
  * snd_rawmidi_new - create a rawmidi instance
  * @card: the card instance
@@ -1497,6 +1492,11 @@ int snd_rawmidi_new(struct snd_card *card, char *id, int device,
 
 	if (id != NULL)
 		strlcpy(rmidi->id, id, sizeof(rmidi->id));
+
+	snd_device_initialize(&rmidi->dev, card);
+	rmidi->dev.release = release_rawmidi_device;
+	dev_set_name(&rmidi->dev, "midiC%iD%i", card->number, device);
+
 	if ((err = snd_rawmidi_alloc_substreams(rmidi,
 						&rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT],
 						SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_INPUT,
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_free(struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi)
 	snd_rawmidi_free_substreams(&rmidi->streams[SNDRV_RAWMIDI_STREAM_OUTPUT]);
 	if (rmidi->private_free)
 		rmidi->private_free(rmidi);
-	kfree(rmidi);
+	put_device(&rmidi->dev);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1581,19 +1581,18 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 	list_add_tail(&rmidi->list, &snd_rawmidi_devices);
-	sprintf(name, "midiC%iD%i", rmidi->card->number, rmidi->device);
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI,
-				       rmidi->card, rmidi->device,
-				       &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, rmidi, name)) < 0) {
-		rmidi_err(rmidi, "unable to register rawmidi device %i:%i\n",
-			  rmidi->card->number, rmidi->device);
+	err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI,
+				  rmidi->card, rmidi->device,
+				  &snd_rawmidi_f_ops, rmidi, &rmidi->dev);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		rmidi_err(rmidi, "unable to register\n");
 		list_del(&rmidi->list);
 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
 	}
 	if (rmidi->ops && rmidi->ops->dev_register &&
 	    (err = rmidi->ops->dev_register(rmidi)) < 0) {
-		snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI, rmidi->card, rmidi->device);
+		snd_unregister_device(&rmidi->dev);
 		list_del(&rmidi->list);
 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 		return err;
@@ -1681,7 +1680,7 @@ static int snd_rawmidi_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 		rmidi->ossreg = 0;
 	}
 #endif /* CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL */
-	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_RAWMIDI, rmidi->card, rmidi->device);
+	snd_unregister_device(&rmidi->dev);
 	mutex_unlock(&rmidi->open_mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
index 29182f56bfb7..48287651ac77 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_clientmgr.c
@@ -2570,6 +2570,8 @@ static const struct file_operations snd_seq_f_ops =
 	.compat_ioctl =	snd_seq_ioctl_compat,
 };
 
+static struct device seq_dev;
+
 /* 
  * register sequencer device 
  */
@@ -2577,12 +2579,17 @@ int __init snd_sequencer_device_init(void)
 {
 	int err;
 
+	snd_device_initialize(&seq_dev, NULL);
+	dev_set_name(&seq_dev, "seq");
+
 	if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&register_mutex))
 		return -ERESTARTSYS;
 
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER, NULL, 0,
-				       &snd_seq_f_ops, NULL, "seq")) < 0) {
+	err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER, NULL, 0,
+				  &snd_seq_f_ops, NULL, &seq_dev);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
+		put_device(&seq_dev);
 		return err;
 	}
 	
@@ -2598,5 +2605,6 @@ int __init snd_sequencer_device_init(void)
  */
 void __exit snd_sequencer_device_done(void)
 {
-	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_SEQUENCER, NULL, 0);
+	snd_unregister_device(&seq_dev);
+	put_device(&seq_dev);
 }
diff --git a/sound/core/sound.c b/sound/core/sound.c
index f1333060bf1c..185cec01ee25 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound.c
@@ -242,30 +242,30 @@ static int snd_kernel_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 #endif
 
 /**
- * snd_register_device_for_dev - Register the ALSA device file for the card
+ * snd_register_device - Register the ALSA device file for the card
  * @type: the device type, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_XXX
  * @card: the card instance
  * @dev: the device index
  * @f_ops: the file operations
  * @private_data: user pointer for f_ops->open()
- * @name: the device file name
- * @device: the &struct device to link this new device to
+ * @device: the device to register
  *
  * Registers an ALSA device file for the given card.
  * The operators have to be set in reg parameter.
  *
  * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
  */
-int snd_register_device_for_dev(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
-				const struct file_operations *f_ops,
-				void *private_data,
-				const char *name, struct device *device)
+int snd_register_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
+			const struct file_operations *f_ops,
+			void *private_data, struct device *device)
 {
 	int minor;
+	int err = 0;
 	struct snd_minor *preg;
 
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!name))
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!device))
 		return -EINVAL;
+
 	preg = kmalloc(sizeof *preg, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (preg == NULL)
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -284,102 +284,56 @@ int snd_register_device_for_dev(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev,
 		minor = -EBUSY;
 #endif
 	if (minor < 0) {
-		mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
-		kfree(preg);
-		return minor;
-	}
-	snd_minors[minor] = preg;
-	preg->dev = device_create(sound_class, device, MKDEV(major, minor),
-				  private_data, "%s", name);
-	if (IS_ERR(preg->dev)) {
-		snd_minors[minor] = NULL;
-		mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
-		minor = PTR_ERR(preg->dev);
-		kfree(preg);
-		return minor;
+		err = minor;
+		goto error;
 	}
 
-	mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_register_device_for_dev);
-
-/* find the matching minor record
- * return the index of snd_minor, or -1 if not found
- */
-static int find_snd_minor(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
-{
-	int cardnum, minor;
-	struct snd_minor *mptr;
+	preg->dev = device;
+	device->devt = MKDEV(major, minor);
+	err = device_add(device);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
 
-	cardnum = card ? card->number : -1;
-	for (minor = 0; minor < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors); ++minor)
-		if ((mptr = snd_minors[minor]) != NULL &&
-		    mptr->type == type &&
-		    mptr->card == cardnum &&
-		    mptr->device == dev)
-			return minor;
-	return -1;
+	snd_minors[minor] = preg;
+ error:
+	mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
+	if (err < 0)
+		kfree(preg);
+	return err;
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_register_device);
 
 /**
  * snd_unregister_device - unregister the device on the given card
- * @type: the device type, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_XXX
- * @card: the card instance
- * @dev: the device index
+ * @dev: the device instance
  *
  * Unregisters the device file already registered via
  * snd_register_device().
  *
  * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
  */
-int snd_unregister_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
+int snd_unregister_device(struct device *dev)
 {
 	int minor;
+	struct snd_minor *preg;
 
 	mutex_lock(&sound_mutex);
-	minor = find_snd_minor(type, card, dev);
-	if (minor < 0) {
-		mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
-		return -EINVAL;
+	for (minor = 0; minor < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors); ++minor) {
+		preg = snd_minors[minor];
+		if (preg && preg->dev == dev) {
+			snd_minors[minor] = NULL;
+			device_del(dev);
+			kfree(preg);
+			break;
+		}
 	}
-
-	device_destroy(sound_class, MKDEV(major, minor));
-
-	kfree(snd_minors[minor]);
-	snd_minors[minor] = NULL;
 	mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
+	if (minor >= ARRAY_SIZE(snd_minors))
+		return -ENOENT;
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_unregister_device);
 
-/**
- * snd_get_device - get the assigned device to the given type and device number
- * @type: the device type, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_XXX
- * @card:the card instance
- * @dev: the device index
- *
- * The caller needs to release it via put_device() after using it.
- */
-struct device *snd_get_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
-{
-	int minor;
-	struct device *d = NULL;
-
-	mutex_lock(&sound_mutex);
-	minor = find_snd_minor(type, card, dev);
-	if (minor >= 0) {
-		d = snd_minors[minor]->dev;
-		if (d)
-			get_device(d);
-	}
-	mutex_unlock(&sound_mutex);
-	return d;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_get_device);
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 /*
  *  INFO PART
diff --git a/sound/core/timer.c b/sound/core/timer.c
index a44235555896..490b489d713d 100644
--- a/sound/core/timer.c
+++ b/sound/core/timer.c
@@ -1940,6 +1940,17 @@ static const struct file_operations snd_timer_f_ops =
 	.fasync = 	snd_timer_user_fasync,
 };
 
+/* unregister the system timer */
+static void snd_timer_free_all(void)
+{
+	struct snd_timer *timer, *n;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(timer, n, &snd_timer_list, device_list)
+		snd_timer_free(timer);
+}
+
+static struct device timer_dev;
+
 /*
  *  ENTRY functions
  */
@@ -1948,30 +1959,39 @@ static int __init alsa_timer_init(void)
 {
 	int err;
 
+	snd_device_initialize(&timer_dev, NULL);
+	dev_set_name(&timer_dev, "timer");
+
 #ifdef SNDRV_OSS_INFO_DEV_TIMERS
 	snd_oss_info_register(SNDRV_OSS_INFO_DEV_TIMERS, SNDRV_CARDS - 1,
 			      "system timer");
 #endif
 
-	if ((err = snd_timer_register_system()) < 0)
+	err = snd_timer_register_system();
+	if (err < 0) {
 		pr_err("ALSA: unable to register system timer (%i)\n", err);
-	if ((err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER, NULL, 0,
-				       &snd_timer_f_ops, NULL, "timer")) < 0)
+		put_device(&timer_dev);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_register_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER, NULL, 0,
+				  &snd_timer_f_ops, NULL, &timer_dev);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		pr_err("ALSA: unable to register timer device (%i)\n", err);
+		snd_timer_free_all();
+		put_device(&timer_dev);
+		return err;
+	}
+
 	snd_timer_proc_init();
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void __exit alsa_timer_exit(void)
 {
-	struct list_head *p, *n;
-
-	snd_unregister_device(SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_TIMER, NULL, 0);
-	/* unregister the system timer */
-	list_for_each_safe(p, n, &snd_timer_list) {
-		struct snd_timer *timer = list_entry(p, struct snd_timer, device_list);
-		snd_timer_free(timer);
-	}
+	snd_unregister_device(&timer_dev);
+	snd_timer_free_all();
+	put_device(&timer_dev);
 	snd_timer_proc_done();
 #ifdef SNDRV_OSS_INFO_DEV_TIMERS
 	snd_oss_info_unregister(SNDRV_OSS_INFO_DEV_TIMERS, SNDRV_CARDS - 1);
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
index 657b604e1a2b..27dcb142f596 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
@@ -939,7 +939,8 @@ static int azx_attach_pcm_stream(struct hda_bus *bus, struct hda_codec *codec,
 					      chip->card->dev,
 					      size, MAX_PREALLOC_SIZE);
 	/* link to codec */
-	pcm->dev = &codec->dev;
+	for (s = 0; s < 2; s++)
+		pcm->streams[s].dev.parent = &codec->dev;
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_hwdep.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_hwdep.c
index 014a7849e8fd..11b5a42b4ec8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_hwdep.c
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ int snd_hda_create_hwdep(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	hwdep->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_HDA;
 	hwdep->private_data = codec;
 	hwdep->exclusive = 1;
-	hwdep->groups = snd_hda_dev_attr_groups;
 
 	hwdep->ops.open = hda_hwdep_open;
 	hwdep->ops.ioctl = hda_hwdep_ioctl;
@@ -118,7 +117,11 @@ int snd_hda_create_hwdep(struct hda_codec *codec)
 #endif
 
 	/* link to codec */
-	hwdep->dev = &codec->dev;
+	hwdep->dev.parent = &codec->dev;
+
+	/* for sysfs */
+	hwdep->dev.groups = snd_hda_dev_attr_groups;
+	dev_set_drvdata(&hwdep->dev, codec);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/soc/intel/sst-mfld-platform-pcm.c b/sound/soc/intel/sst-mfld-platform-pcm.c
index a1a8d9d91539..2d80c4e12997 100644
--- a/sound/soc/intel/sst-mfld-platform-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/soc/intel/sst-mfld-platform-pcm.c
@@ -645,7 +645,6 @@ static struct snd_pcm_ops sst_platform_ops = {
 
 static void sst_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
 {
-	dev_dbg(pcm->dev, "sst_pcm_free called\n");
 	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_free_for_all(pcm);
 }