Merge https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================
bpf-next 2021-07-30

We've added 64 non-merge commits during the last 15 day(s) which contain
a total of 83 files changed, 5027 insertions(+), 1808 deletions(-).

The main changes are:

1) BTF-guided binary data dumping libbpf API, from Alan.

2) Internal factoring out of libbpf CO-RE relocation logic, from Alexei.

3) Ambient BPF run context and cgroup storage cleanup, from Andrii.

4) Few small API additions for libbpf 1.0 effort, from Evgeniy and Hengqi.

5) bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts() fixes in libbpf, from Jiri.

6) bpf_{get,set}sockopt() support in BPF iterators, from Martin.

7) BPF map pinning improvements in libbpf, from Martynas.

8) Improved module BTF support in libbpf and bpftool, from Quentin.

9) Bpftool cleanups and documentation improvements, from Quentin.

10) Libbpf improvements for supporting CO-RE on old kernels, from Shuyi.

11) Increased maximum cgroup storage size, from Stanislav.

12) Small fixes and improvements to BPF tests and samples, from various folks.

* https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (64 commits)
  tools: bpftool: Complete metrics list in "bpftool prog profile" doc
  tools: bpftool: Document and add bash completion for -L, -B options
  selftests/bpf: Update bpftool's consistency script for checking options
  tools: bpftool: Update and synchronise option list in doc and help msg
  tools: bpftool: Complete and synchronise attach or map types
  selftests/bpf: Check consistency between bpftool source, doc, completion
  tools: bpftool: Slightly ease bash completion updates
  unix_bpf: Fix a potential deadlock in unix_dgram_bpf_recvmsg()
  libbpf: Add btf__load_vmlinux_btf/btf__load_module_btf
  tools: bpftool: Support dumping split BTF by id
  libbpf: Add split BTF support for btf__load_from_kernel_by_id()
  tools: Replace btf__get_from_id() with btf__load_from_kernel_by_id()
  tools: Free BTF objects at various locations
  libbpf: Rename btf__get_from_id() as btf__load_from_kernel_by_id()
  libbpf: Rename btf__load() as btf__load_into_kernel()
  libbpf: Return non-null error on failures in libbpf_find_prog_btf_id()
  bpf: Emit better log message if bpf_iter ctx arg btf_id == 0
  tools/resolve_btfids: Emit warnings and patch zero id for missing symbols
  bpf: Increase supported cgroup storage value size
  libbpf: Fix race when pinning maps in parallel
  ...
====================

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210730225606.1897330-1-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>

22 files changed, 1798 insertions, 61 deletions

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/README.rst b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/README.rst
index 8deec1ca9150..9b17f2867488 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/README.rst
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/README.rst
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ the CI. It builds the kernel (without overwriting your existing Kconfig), recomp
 bpf selftests, runs them (by default ``tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs``) and
 saves the resulting output (by default in ``~/.bpf_selftests``).
 
+Script dependencies:
+- clang (preferably built from sources, https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project);
+- pahole (preferably built from sources, https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/devel/pahole/pahole.git/);
+- qemu;
+- docutils (for ``rst2man``);
+- libcap-devel.
+
 For more information on about using the script, run:
 
 .. code-block:: console
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/netcnt_common.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/netcnt_common.h
index 81084c1c2c23..0ab1c88041cd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/netcnt_common.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/netcnt_common.h
@@ -6,19 +6,39 @@
 
 #define MAX_PERCPU_PACKETS 32
 
-struct percpu_net_cnt {
-	__u64 packets;
-	__u64 bytes;
+/* sizeof(struct bpf_local_storage_elem):
+ *
+ * It really is about 128 bytes on x86_64, but allocate more to account for
+ * possible layout changes, different architectures, etc.
+ * The kernel will wrap up to PAGE_SIZE internally anyway.
+ */
+#define SIZEOF_BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_ELEM		256
 
-	__u64 prev_ts;
+/* Try to estimate kernel's BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_MAX_VALUE_SIZE: */
+#define BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_MAX_VALUE_SIZE	(0xFFFF - \
+						 SIZEOF_BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_ELEM)
 
-	__u64 prev_packets;
-	__u64 prev_bytes;
+#define PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE			32768
+
+union percpu_net_cnt {
+	struct {
+		__u64 packets;
+		__u64 bytes;
+
+		__u64 prev_ts;
+
+		__u64 prev_packets;
+		__u64 prev_bytes;
+	};
+	__u8 data[PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE];
 };
 
-struct net_cnt {
-	__u64 packets;
-	__u64 bytes;
+union net_cnt {
+	struct {
+		__u64 packets;
+		__u64 bytes;
+	};
+	__u8 data[BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_MAX_VALUE_SIZE];
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
index 2060bc122c53..26468a8f44f3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
@@ -66,17 +66,13 @@ int settimeo(int fd, int timeout_ms)
 
 #define save_errno_close(fd) ({ int __save = errno; close(fd); errno = __save; })
 
-int start_server(int family, int type, const char *addr_str, __u16 port,
-		 int timeout_ms)
+static int __start_server(int type, const struct sockaddr *addr,
+			  socklen_t addrlen, int timeout_ms, bool reuseport)
 {
-	struct sockaddr_storage addr = {};
-	socklen_t len;
+	int on = 1;
 	int fd;
 
-	if (make_sockaddr(family, addr_str, port, &addr, &len))
-		return -1;
-
-	fd = socket(family, type, 0);
+	fd = socket(addr->sa_family, type, 0);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		log_err("Failed to create server socket");
 		return -1;
@@ -85,7 +81,13 @@ int start_server(int family, int type, const char *addr_str, __u16 port,
 	if (settimeo(fd, timeout_ms))
 		goto error_close;
 
-	if (bind(fd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, len) < 0) {
+	if (reuseport &&
+	    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &on, sizeof(on))) {
+		log_err("Failed to set SO_REUSEPORT");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (bind(fd, addr, addrlen) < 0) {
 		log_err("Failed to bind socket");
 		goto error_close;
 	}
@@ -104,6 +106,69 @@ error_close:
 	return -1;
 }
 
+int start_server(int family, int type, const char *addr_str, __u16 port,
+		 int timeout_ms)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+	socklen_t addrlen;
+
+	if (make_sockaddr(family, addr_str, port, &addr, &addrlen))
+		return -1;
+
+	return __start_server(type, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
+			      addrlen, timeout_ms, false);
+}
+
+int *start_reuseport_server(int family, int type, const char *addr_str,
+			    __u16 port, int timeout_ms, unsigned int nr_listens)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+	unsigned int nr_fds = 0;
+	socklen_t addrlen;
+	int *fds;
+
+	if (!nr_listens)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (make_sockaddr(family, addr_str, port, &addr, &addrlen))
+		return NULL;
+
+	fds = malloc(sizeof(*fds) * nr_listens);
+	if (!fds)
+		return NULL;
+
+	fds[0] = __start_server(type, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addrlen,
+				timeout_ms, true);
+	if (fds[0] == -1)
+		goto close_fds;
+	nr_fds = 1;
+
+	if (getsockname(fds[0], (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen))
+		goto close_fds;
+
+	for (; nr_fds < nr_listens; nr_fds++) {
+		fds[nr_fds] = __start_server(type, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
+					     addrlen, timeout_ms, true);
+		if (fds[nr_fds] == -1)
+			goto close_fds;
+	}
+
+	return fds;
+
+close_fds:
+	free_fds(fds, nr_fds);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void free_fds(int *fds, unsigned int nr_close_fds)
+{
+	if (fds) {
+		while (nr_close_fds)
+			close(fds[--nr_close_fds]);
+		free(fds);
+	}
+}
+
 int fastopen_connect(int server_fd, const char *data, unsigned int data_len,
 		     int timeout_ms)
 {
@@ -217,6 +282,7 @@ int make_sockaddr(int family, const char *addr_str, __u16 port,
 	if (family == AF_INET) {
 		struct sockaddr_in *sin = (void *)addr;
 
+		memset(addr, 0, sizeof(*sin));
 		sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
 		sin->sin_port = htons(port);
 		if (addr_str &&
@@ -230,6 +296,7 @@ int make_sockaddr(int family, const char *addr_str, __u16 port,
 	} else if (family == AF_INET6) {
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (void *)addr;
 
+		memset(addr, 0, sizeof(*sin6));
 		sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
 		sin6->sin6_port = htons(port);
 		if (addr_str &&
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.h
index 5e0d51c07b63..d60bc2897770 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.h
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ extern struct ipv6_packet pkt_v6;
 int settimeo(int fd, int timeout_ms);
 int start_server(int family, int type, const char *addr, __u16 port,
 		 int timeout_ms);
+int *start_reuseport_server(int family, int type, const char *addr_str,
+			    __u16 port, int timeout_ms,
+			    unsigned int nr_listens);
+void free_fds(int *fds, unsigned int nr_close_fds);
 int connect_to_fd(int server_fd, int timeout_ms);
 int connect_fd_to_fd(int client_fd, int server_fd, int timeout_ms);
 int fastopen_connect(int server_fd, const char *data, unsigned int data_len,
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85babb0487b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2021 Facebook */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+#include "network_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_dctcp.skel.h"
+#include "bpf_cubic.skel.h"
+#include "bpf_iter_setsockopt.skel.h"
+
+static int create_netns(void)
+{
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(unshare(CLONE_NEWNET), "create netns"))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(system("ip link set dev lo up"), "bring up lo"))
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned int set_bpf_cubic(int *fds, unsigned int nr_fds)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_fds; i++) {
+		if (setsockopt(fds[i], SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION, "bpf_cubic",
+			       sizeof("bpf_cubic")))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return nr_fds;
+}
+
+static unsigned int check_bpf_dctcp(int *fds, unsigned int nr_fds)
+{
+	char tcp_cc[16];
+	socklen_t optlen = sizeof(tcp_cc);
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_fds; i++) {
+		if (getsockopt(fds[i], SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION,
+			       tcp_cc, &optlen) ||
+		    strcmp(tcp_cc, "bpf_dctcp"))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return nr_fds;
+}
+
+static int *make_established(int listen_fd, unsigned int nr_est,
+			     int **paccepted_fds)
+{
+	int *est_fds, *accepted_fds;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	est_fds = malloc(sizeof(*est_fds) * nr_est);
+	if (!est_fds)
+		return NULL;
+
+	accepted_fds = malloc(sizeof(*accepted_fds) * nr_est);
+	if (!accepted_fds) {
+		free(est_fds);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_est; i++) {
+		est_fds[i] = connect_to_fd(listen_fd, 0);
+		if (est_fds[i] == -1)
+			break;
+		if (set_bpf_cubic(&est_fds[i], 1) != 1) {
+			close(est_fds[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		accepted_fds[i] = accept(listen_fd, NULL, 0);
+		if (accepted_fds[i] == -1) {
+			close(est_fds[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(i, nr_est, "create established fds")) {
+		free_fds(accepted_fds, i);
+		free_fds(est_fds, i);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	*paccepted_fds = accepted_fds;
+	return est_fds;
+}
+
+static unsigned short get_local_port(int fd)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
+	socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+
+	if (!getsockname(fd, &addr, &addrlen))
+		return ntohs(addr.sin6_port);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void do_bpf_iter_setsockopt(struct bpf_iter_setsockopt *iter_skel,
+				   bool random_retry)
+{
+	int *reuse_listen_fds = NULL, *accepted_fds = NULL, *est_fds = NULL;
+	unsigned int nr_reuse_listens = 256, nr_est = 256;
+	int err, iter_fd = -1, listen_fd = -1;
+	char buf;
+
+	/* Prepare non-reuseport listen_fd */
+	listen_fd = start_server(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, "::1", 0, 0);
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(listen_fd, 0, "start_server"))
+		return;
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(set_bpf_cubic(&listen_fd, 1), 1,
+		       "set listen_fd to cubic"))
+		goto done;
+	iter_skel->bss->listen_hport = get_local_port(listen_fd);
+	if (!ASSERT_NEQ(iter_skel->bss->listen_hport, 0,
+			"get_local_port(listen_fd)"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Connect to non-reuseport listen_fd */
+	est_fds = make_established(listen_fd, nr_est, &accepted_fds);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(est_fds, "create established"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Prepare reuseport listen fds */
+	reuse_listen_fds = start_reuseport_server(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM,
+						  "::1", 0, 0,
+						  nr_reuse_listens);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(reuse_listen_fds, "start_reuseport_server"))
+		goto done;
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(set_bpf_cubic(reuse_listen_fds, nr_reuse_listens),
+		       nr_reuse_listens, "set reuse_listen_fds to cubic"))
+		goto done;
+	iter_skel->bss->reuse_listen_hport = get_local_port(reuse_listen_fds[0]);
+	if (!ASSERT_NEQ(iter_skel->bss->reuse_listen_hport, 0,
+			"get_local_port(reuse_listen_fds[0])"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Run bpf tcp iter to switch from bpf_cubic to bpf_dctcp */
+	iter_skel->bss->random_retry = random_retry;
+	iter_fd = bpf_iter_create(bpf_link__fd(iter_skel->links.change_tcp_cc));
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(iter_fd, 0, "create iter_fd"))
+		goto done;
+
+	while ((err = read(iter_fd, &buf, sizeof(buf))) == -1 &&
+	       errno == EAGAIN)
+		;
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "read iter error"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Check reuseport listen fds for dctcp */
+	ASSERT_EQ(check_bpf_dctcp(reuse_listen_fds, nr_reuse_listens),
+		  nr_reuse_listens,
+		  "check reuse_listen_fds dctcp");
+
+	/* Check non reuseport listen fd for dctcp */
+	ASSERT_EQ(check_bpf_dctcp(&listen_fd, 1), 1,
+		  "check listen_fd dctcp");
+
+	/* Check established fds for dctcp */
+	ASSERT_EQ(check_bpf_dctcp(est_fds, nr_est), nr_est,
+		  "check est_fds dctcp");
+
+	/* Check accepted fds for dctcp */
+	ASSERT_EQ(check_bpf_dctcp(accepted_fds, nr_est), nr_est,
+		  "check accepted_fds dctcp");
+
+done:
+	if (iter_fd != -1)
+		close(iter_fd);
+	if (listen_fd != -1)
+		close(listen_fd);
+	free_fds(reuse_listen_fds, nr_reuse_listens);
+	free_fds(accepted_fds, nr_est);
+	free_fds(est_fds, nr_est);
+}
+
+void test_bpf_iter_setsockopt(void)
+{
+	struct bpf_iter_setsockopt *iter_skel = NULL;
+	struct bpf_cubic *cubic_skel = NULL;
+	struct bpf_dctcp *dctcp_skel = NULL;
+	struct bpf_link *cubic_link = NULL;
+	struct bpf_link *dctcp_link = NULL;
+
+	if (create_netns())
+		return;
+
+	/* Load iter_skel */
+	iter_skel = bpf_iter_setsockopt__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(iter_skel, "iter_skel"))
+		return;
+	iter_skel->links.change_tcp_cc = bpf_program__attach_iter(iter_skel->progs.change_tcp_cc, NULL);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(iter_skel->links.change_tcp_cc, "attach iter"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Load bpf_cubic */
+	cubic_skel = bpf_cubic__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(cubic_skel, "cubic_skel"))
+		goto done;
+	cubic_link = bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(cubic_skel->maps.cubic);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(cubic_link, "cubic_link"))
+		goto done;
+
+	/* Load bpf_dctcp */
+	dctcp_skel = bpf_dctcp__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(dctcp_skel, "dctcp_skel"))
+		goto done;
+	dctcp_link = bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(dctcp_skel->maps.dctcp);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(dctcp_link, "dctcp_link"))
+		goto done;
+
+	do_bpf_iter_setsockopt(iter_skel, true);
+	do_bpf_iter_setsockopt(iter_skel, false);
+
+done:
+	bpf_link__destroy(cubic_link);
+	bpf_link__destroy(dctcp_link);
+	bpf_cubic__destroy(cubic_skel);
+	bpf_dctcp__destroy(dctcp_skel);
+	bpf_iter_setsockopt__destroy(iter_skel);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf.c
index 857e3f26086f..649f87382c8d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf.c
@@ -4350,7 +4350,8 @@ static void do_test_file(unsigned int test_num)
 		goto done;
 	}
 
-	err = btf__get_from_id(info.btf_id, &btf);
+	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info.btf_id);
+	err = libbpf_get_error(btf);
 	if (CHECK(err, "cannot get btf from kernel, err: %d", err))
 		goto done;
 
@@ -4386,6 +4387,7 @@ skip:
 	fprintf(stderr, "OK");
 
 done:
+	btf__free(btf);
 	free(func_info);
 	bpf_object__close(obj);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_dump.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_dump.c
index 1b90e684ff13..52ccf0cf35e1 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_dump.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/btf_dump.c
@@ -232,7 +232,593 @@ err_out:
 	btf__free(btf);
 }
 
+#define STRSIZE				4096
+
+static void btf_dump_snprintf(void *ctx, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	char *s = ctx, new[STRSIZE];
+
+	vsnprintf(new, STRSIZE, fmt, args);
+	if (strlen(s) < STRSIZE)
+		strncat(s, new, STRSIZE - strlen(s) - 1);
+}
+
+static int btf_dump_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+			 char *name, char *prefix, __u64 flags, void *ptr,
+			 size_t ptr_sz, char *str, const char *expected_val)
+{
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_type_data_opts, opts);
+	size_t type_sz;
+	__s32 type_id;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (flags & BTF_F_COMPACT)
+		opts.compact = true;
+	if (flags & BTF_F_NONAME)
+		opts.skip_names = true;
+	if (flags & BTF_F_ZERO)
+		opts.emit_zeroes = true;
+	if (prefix) {
+		ASSERT_STRNEQ(name, prefix, strlen(prefix),
+			      "verify prefix match");
+		name += strlen(prefix) + 1;
+	}
+	type_id = btf__find_by_name(btf, name);
+	if (!ASSERT_GE(type_id, 0, "find type id"))
+		return -ENOENT;
+	type_sz = btf__resolve_size(btf, type_id);
+	str[0] = '\0';
+	ret = btf_dump__dump_type_data(d, type_id, ptr, ptr_sz, &opts);
+	if (type_sz <= ptr_sz) {
+		if (!ASSERT_EQ(ret, type_sz, "failed/unexpected type_sz"))
+			return -EINVAL;
+	} else {
+		if (!ASSERT_EQ(ret, -E2BIG, "failed to return -E2BIG"))
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (!ASSERT_STREQ(str, expected_val, "ensure expected/actual match"))
+		return -EFAULT;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#define TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(_b, _d, _prefix, _str, _type, _flags,	\
+			   _expected, ...)				\
+	do {								\
+		char __ptrtype[64] = #_type;				\
+		char *_ptrtype = (char *)__ptrtype;			\
+		_type _ptrdata = __VA_ARGS__;				\
+		void *_ptr = &_ptrdata;					\
+									\
+		(void) btf_dump_data(_b, _d, _ptrtype, _prefix, _flags,	\
+				     _ptr, sizeof(_type), _str,		\
+				     _expected);			\
+	} while (0)
+
+/* Use where expected data string matches its stringified declaration */
+#define TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(_b, _d, _prefix,  _str, _type, _flags,	\
+			     ...)					\
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(_b, _d, _prefix, _str, _type, _flags,	\
+			   "(" #_type ")" #__VA_ARGS__,	__VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* overflow test; pass typesize < expected type size, ensure E2BIG returned */
+#define TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(_b, _d, _prefix, _str, _type, _type_sz,	\
+				_expected, ...)				\
+	do {								\
+		char __ptrtype[64] = #_type;				\
+		char *_ptrtype = (char *)__ptrtype;			\
+		_type _ptrdata = __VA_ARGS__;				\
+		void *_ptr = &_ptrdata;					\
+									\
+		(void) btf_dump_data(_b, _d, _ptrtype, _prefix, 0,	\
+				     _ptr, _type_sz, _str, _expected);	\
+	} while (0)
+
+#define TEST_BTF_DUMP_VAR(_b, _d, _prefix, _str, _var, _type, _flags,	\
+			  _expected, ...)				\
+	do {								\
+		_type _ptrdata = __VA_ARGS__;				\
+		void *_ptr = &_ptrdata;					\
+									\
+		(void) btf_dump_data(_b, _d, _var, _prefix, _flags,	\
+				     _ptr, sizeof(_type), _str,		\
+				     _expected);			\
+	} while (0)
+
+static void test_btf_dump_int_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				   char *str)
+{
+#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
+	__int128 i = 0xffffffffffffffff;
+
+	/* this dance is required because we cannot directly initialize
+	 * a 128-bit value to anything larger than a 64-bit value.
+	 */
+	i = (i << 64) | (i - 1);
+#endif
+	/* simple int */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT, 1234);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "1234", 1234);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, 0, "(int)1234", 1234);
+
+	/* zero value should be printed at toplevel */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT, "(int)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(int)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT, -4567);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "-4567", -4567);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, int, 0, "(int)-4567", -4567);
+
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, NULL, str, int, sizeof(int)-1, "", 1);
+
+#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, __int128, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(__int128)0xffffffffffffffff",
+			   0xffffffffffffffff);
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "__int128", NULL, 0, &i, 16, str,
+				"(__int128)0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe"),
+		  "dump __int128");
+#endif
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_float_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				     char *str)
+{
+	float t1 = 1.234567;
+	float t2 = -1.234567;
+	float t3 = 0.0;
+	double t4 = 5.678912;
+	double t5 = -5.678912;
+	double t6 = 0.0;
+	long double t7 = 9.876543;
+	long double t8 = -9.876543;
+	long double t9 = 0.0;
+
+	/* since the kernel does not likely have any float types in its BTF, we
+	 * will need to add some of various sizes.
+	 */
+
+	ASSERT_GT(btf__add_float(btf, "test_float", 4), 0, "add float");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_float", NULL, 0, &t1, 4, str,
+				"(test_float)1.234567"), "dump float");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_float", NULL, 0, &t2, 4, str,
+				"(test_float)-1.234567"), "dump float");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_float", NULL, 0, &t3, 4, str,
+				"(test_float)0.000000"), "dump float");
+
+	ASSERT_GT(btf__add_float(btf, "test_double", 8), 0, "add_double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_double", NULL, 0, &t4, 8, str,
+		  "(test_double)5.678912"), "dump double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_double", NULL, 0, &t5, 8, str,
+		  "(test_double)-5.678912"), "dump double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_double", NULL, 0, &t6, 8, str,
+				"(test_double)0.000000"), "dump double");
+
+	ASSERT_GT(btf__add_float(btf, "test_long_double", 16), 0, "add long double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_long_double", NULL, 0, &t7, 16,
+				str, "(test_long_double)9.876543"),
+				"dump long_double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_long_double", NULL, 0, &t8, 16,
+				str, "(test_long_double)-9.876543"),
+				"dump long_double");
+	ASSERT_OK(btf_dump_data(btf, d, "test_long_double", NULL, 0, &t9, 16,
+				str, "(test_long_double)0.000000"),
+				"dump long_double");
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_char_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				    char *str)
+{
+	/* simple char */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT, 100);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "100", 100);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, 0, "(char)100", 100);
+	/* zero value should be printed at toplevel */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(char)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(char)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, char, 0, "(char)0", 0);
+
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, NULL, str, char, sizeof(char)-1, "", 100);
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_typedef_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				       char *str)
+{
+	/* simple typedef */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, NULL, str, uint64_t, BTF_F_COMPACT, 100);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "1", 1);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, 0, "(u64)1", 1);
+	/* zero value should be printed at toplevel */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, BTF_F_COMPACT, "(u64)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(u64)0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "0", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, u64, 0, "(u64)0", 0);
+
+	/* typedef struct */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			     {.counter = (int)1,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{1,}", { .counter = 1 });
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, 0,
+"(atomic_t){\n"
+"	.counter = (int)1,\n"
+"}",
+			   {.counter = 1,});
+	/* typedef with 0 value should be printed at toplevel */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_COMPACT, "(atomic_t){}",
+			   {.counter = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{}", {.counter = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, 0,
+"(atomic_t){\n"
+"}",
+			   {.counter = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(atomic_t){.counter = (int)0,}",
+			   {.counter = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "{0,}", {.counter = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, BTF_F_ZERO,
+"(atomic_t){\n"
+"	.counter = (int)0,\n"
+"}",
+			   { .counter = 0,});
+
+	/* overflow should show type but not value since it overflows */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, NULL, str, atomic_t, sizeof(atomic_t)-1,
+				"(atomic_t){\n", { .counter = 1});
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_enum_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				    char *str)
+{
+	/* enum where enum value does (and does not) exist */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			     BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(enum bpf_cmd)BPF_MAP_CREATE", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "BPF_MAP_CREATE",
+			   BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd, 0,
+			   "(enum bpf_cmd)BPF_MAP_CREATE",
+			   BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "BPF_MAP_CREATE", 0);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(enum bpf_cmd)BPF_MAP_CREATE",
+			   BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "BPF_MAP_CREATE", BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd, BTF_F_COMPACT, 2000);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "2000", 2000);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd, 0,
+			   "(enum bpf_cmd)2000", 2000);
+
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, "enum", str, enum bpf_cmd,
+				sizeof(enum bpf_cmd) - 1, "", BPF_MAP_CREATE);
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_struct_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				      char *str)
+{
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_type_data_opts, opts);
+	char zero_data[512] = { };
+	char type_data[512];
+	void *fops = type_data;
+	void *skb = type_data;
+	size_t type_sz;
+	__s32 type_id;
+	char *cmpstr;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(type_data, 255, sizeof(type_data));
+
+	/* simple struct */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			     {.name_off = (__u32)3,.val = (__s32)-1,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{3,-1,}",
+			   { .name_off = 3, .val = -1,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum, 0,
+"(struct btf_enum){\n"
+"	.name_off = (__u32)3,\n"
+"	.val = (__s32)-1,\n"
+"}",
+			   { .name_off = 3, .val = -1,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{-1,}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = -1,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "{0,-1,}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = -1,});
+	/* empty struct should be printed */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct btf_enum){}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum, 0,
+"(struct btf_enum){\n"
+"}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_ZERO,
+			   "(struct btf_enum){.name_off = (__u32)0,.val = (__s32)0,}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = 0,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct btf_enum,
+			   BTF_F_ZERO,
+"(struct btf_enum){\n"
+"	.name_off = (__u32)0,\n"
+"	.val = (__s32)0,\n"
+"}",
+			   { .name_off = 0, .val = 0,});
+
+	/* struct with pointers */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct list_head, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct list_head){.next = (struct list_head *)0x1,}",
+			   { .next = (struct list_head *)1 });
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct list_head, 0,
+"(struct list_head){\n"
+"	.next = (struct list_head *)0x1,\n"
+"}",
+			   { .next = (struct list_head *)1 });
+	/* NULL pointer should not be displayed */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct list_head, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct list_head){}",
+			   { .next = (struct list_head *)0 });
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct list_head, 0,
+"(struct list_head){\n"
+"}",
+			   { .next = (struct list_head *)0 });
+
+	/* struct with function pointers */
+	type_id = btf__find_by_name(btf, "file_operations");
+	if (ASSERT_GT(type_id, 0, "find type id")) {
+		type_sz = btf__resolve_size(btf, type_id);
+		str[0] = '\0';
+
+		ret = btf_dump__dump_type_data(d, type_id, fops, type_sz, &opts);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, type_sz,
+			  "unexpected return value dumping file_operations");
+		cmpstr =
+"(struct file_operations){\n"
+"	.owner = (struct module *)0xffffffffffffffff,\n"
+"	.llseek = (loff_t (*)(struct file *, loff_t, int))0xffffffffffffffff,";
+
+		ASSERT_STRNEQ(str, cmpstr, strlen(cmpstr), "file_operations");
+	}
+
+	/* struct with char array */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_prog_info, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct bpf_prog_info){.name = (char[16])['f','o','o',],}",
+			   { .name = "foo",});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_prog_info,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{['f','o','o',],}",
+			   {.name = "foo",});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_prog_info, 0,
+"(struct bpf_prog_info){\n"
+"	.name = (char[16])[\n"
+"		'f',\n"
+"		'o',\n"
+"		'o',\n"
+"	],\n"
+"}",
+			   {.name = "foo",});
+	/* leading null char means do not display string */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_prog_info, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct bpf_prog_info){}",
+			   {.name = {'\0', 'f', 'o', 'o'}});
+	/* handle non-printable characters */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_prog_info, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct bpf_prog_info){.name = (char[16])[1,2,3,],}",
+			   { .name = {1, 2, 3, 0}});
+
+	/* struct with non-char array */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct __sk_buff, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct __sk_buff){.cb = (__u32[5])[1,2,3,4,5,],}",
+			   { .cb = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,},});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct __sk_buff,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{[1,2,3,4,5,],}",
+			   { .cb = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5},});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct __sk_buff, 0,
+"(struct __sk_buff){\n"
+"	.cb = (__u32[5])[\n"
+"		1,\n"
+"		2,\n"
+"		3,\n"
+"		4,\n"
+"		5,\n"
+"	],\n"
+"}",
+			   { .cb = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5},});
+	/* For non-char, arrays, show non-zero values only */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct __sk_buff, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct __sk_buff){.cb = (__u32[5])[0,0,1,0,0,],}",
+			   { .cb = { 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct __sk_buff, 0,
+"(struct __sk_buff){\n"
+"	.cb = (__u32[5])[\n"
+"		0,\n"
+"		0,\n"
+"		1,\n"
+"		0,\n"
+"		0,\n"
+"	],\n"
+"}",
+			   { .cb = { 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},});
+
+	/* struct with bitfields */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_C(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_insn, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+		{.code = (__u8)1,.dst_reg = (__u8)0x2,.src_reg = (__u8)0x3,.off = (__s16)4,.imm = (__s32)5,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_insn,
+			   BTF_F_COMPACT | BTF_F_NONAME,
+			   "{1,0x2,0x3,4,5,}",
+			   { .code = 1, .dst_reg = 0x2, .src_reg = 0x3, .off = 4,
+			     .imm = 5,});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_insn, 0,
+"(struct bpf_insn){\n"
+"	.code = (__u8)1,\n"
+"	.dst_reg = (__u8)0x2,\n"
+"	.src_reg = (__u8)0x3,\n"
+"	.off = (__s16)4,\n"
+"	.imm = (__s32)5,\n"
+"}",
+			   {.code = 1, .dst_reg = 2, .src_reg = 3, .off = 4, .imm = 5});
+
+	/* zeroed bitfields should not be displayed */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_insn, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct bpf_insn){.dst_reg = (__u8)0x1,}",
+			   { .code = 0, .dst_reg = 1});
+
+	/* struct with enum bitfield */
+	type_id = btf__find_by_name(btf, "fs_context");
+	if (ASSERT_GT(type_id,  0, "find fs_context")) {
+		type_sz = btf__resolve_size(btf, type_id);
+		str[0] = '\0';
+
+		opts.emit_zeroes = true;
+		ret = btf_dump__dump_type_data(d, type_id, zero_data, type_sz, &opts);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, type_sz,
+			  "unexpected return value dumping fs_context");
+
+		ASSERT_NEQ(strstr(str, "FS_CONTEXT_FOR_MOUNT"), NULL,
+				  "bitfield value not present");
+	}
+
+	/* struct with nested anon union */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_sock_ops, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(struct bpf_sock_ops){.op = (__u32)1,(union){.args = (__u32[4])[1,2,3,4,],.reply = (__u32)1,.replylong = (__u32[4])[1,2,3,4,],},}",
+			   { .op = 1, .args = { 1, 2, 3, 4}});
+
+	/* union with nested struct */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA(btf, d, "union", str, union bpf_iter_link_info, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			   "(union bpf_iter_link_info){.map = (struct){.map_fd = (__u32)1,},}",
+			   { .map = { .map_fd = 1 }});
+
+	/* struct skb with nested structs/unions; because type output is so
+	 * complex, we don't do a string comparison, just verify we return
+	 * the type size as the amount of data displayed.
+	 */
+	type_id = btf__find_by_name(btf, "sk_buff");
+	if (ASSERT_GT(type_id, 0, "find struct sk_buff")) {
+		type_sz = btf__resolve_size(btf, type_id);
+		str[0] = '\0';
+
+		ret = btf_dump__dump_type_data(d, type_id, skb, type_sz, &opts);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, type_sz,
+			  "unexpected return value dumping sk_buff");
+	}
+
+	/* overflow bpf_sock_ops struct with final element nonzero/zero.
+	 * Regardless of the value of the final field, we don't have all the
+	 * data we need to display it, so we should trigger an overflow.
+	 * In other words oveflow checking should trump "is field zero?"
+	 * checks because if we've overflowed, it shouldn't matter what the
+	 * field is - we can't trust its value so shouldn't display it.
+	 */
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_sock_ops,
+				sizeof(struct bpf_sock_ops) - 1,
+				"(struct bpf_sock_ops){\n\t.op = (__u32)1,\n",
+				{ .op = 1, .skb_tcp_flags = 2});
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_DATA_OVER(btf, d, "struct", str, struct bpf_sock_ops,
+				sizeof(struct bpf_sock_ops) - 1,
+				"(struct bpf_sock_ops){\n\t.op = (__u32)1,\n",
+				{ .op = 1, .skb_tcp_flags = 0});
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_var_data(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d,
+				   char *str)
+{
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_VAR(btf, d, NULL, str, "cpu_number", int, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			  "int cpu_number = (int)100", 100);
+	TEST_BTF_DUMP_VAR(btf, d, NULL, str, "cpu_profile_flip", int, BTF_F_COMPACT,
+			  "static int cpu_profile_flip = (int)2", 2);
+}
+
+static void test_btf_datasec(struct btf *btf, struct btf_dump *d, char *str,
+			     const char *name, const char *expected_val,
+			     void *data, size_t data_sz)
+{
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_type_data_opts, opts);
+	int ret = 0, cmp;
+	size_t secsize;
+	__s32 type_id;
+
+	opts.compact = true;
+
+	type_id = btf__find_by_name(btf, name);
+	if (!ASSERT_GT(type_id, 0, "find type id"))
+		return;
+
+	secsize = btf__resolve_size(btf, type_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(secsize,  0, "verify section size");
+
+	str[0] = '\0';
+	ret = btf_dump__dump_type_data(d, type_id, data, data_sz, &opts);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0, "unexpected return value");
+
+	cmp = strcmp(str, expected_val);
+	ASSERT_EQ(cmp, 0, "ensure expected/actual match");
+}
+
+static void test_btf_dump_datasec_data(char *str)
+{
+	struct btf *btf = btf__parse("xdping_kern.o", NULL);
+	struct btf_dump_opts opts = { .ctx = str };
+	char license[4] = "GPL";
+	struct btf_dump *d;
+
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(btf, "xdping_kern.o BTF not found"))
+		return;
+
+	d = btf_dump__new(btf, NULL, &opts, btf_dump_snprintf);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(d, "could not create BTF dump"))
+		return;
+
+	test_btf_datasec(btf, d, str, "license",
+			 "SEC(\"license\") char[4] _license = (char[4])['G','P','L',];",
+			 license, sizeof(license));
+}
+
 void test_btf_dump() {
+	char str[STRSIZE];
+	struct btf_dump_opts opts = { .ctx = str };
+	struct btf_dump *d;
+	struct btf *btf;
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(btf_dump_test_cases); i++) {
@@ -245,4 +831,33 @@ void test_btf_dump() {
 	}
 	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: incremental"))
 		test_btf_dump_incremental();
+
+	btf = libbpf_find_kernel_btf();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(btf, "no kernel BTF found"))
+		return;
+
+	d = btf_dump__new(btf, NULL, &opts, btf_dump_snprintf);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(d, "could not create BTF dump"))
+		return;
+
+	/* Verify type display for various types. */
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: int_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_int_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: float_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_float_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: char_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_char_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: typedef_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_typedef_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: enum_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_enum_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: struct_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_struct_data(btf, d, str);
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: var_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_var_data(btf, d, str);
+	btf_dump__free(d);
+	btf__free(btf);
+
+	if (test__start_subtest("btf_dump: datasec_data"))
+		test_btf_dump_datasec_data(str);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_autosize.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_autosize.c
index 981c251453d9..3d4b2a358d47 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_autosize.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_autosize.c
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ void test_core_autosize(void)
 	char btf_file[] = "/tmp/core_autosize.btf.XXXXXX";
 	int err, fd = -1, zero = 0;
 	int char_id, short_id, int_id, long_long_id, void_ptr_id, id;
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
 	struct test_core_autosize* skel = NULL;
-	struct bpf_object_load_attr load_attr = {};
 	struct bpf_program *prog;
 	struct bpf_map *bss_map;
 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
@@ -125,9 +125,10 @@ void test_core_autosize(void)
 	fd = -1;
 
 	/* open and load BPF program with custom BTF as the kernel BTF */
-	skel = test_core_autosize__open();
+	open_opts.btf_custom_path = btf_file;
+	skel = test_core_autosize__open_opts(&open_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
-		return;
+		goto cleanup;
 
 	/* disable handle_signed() for now */
 	prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_name(skel->obj, "handle_signed");
@@ -135,9 +136,7 @@ void test_core_autosize(void)
 		goto cleanup;
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(prog, false);
 
-	load_attr.obj = skel->obj;
-	load_attr.target_btf_path = btf_file;
-	err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
+	err = bpf_object__load(skel->obj);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_load"))
 		goto cleanup;
 
@@ -204,14 +203,13 @@ void test_core_autosize(void)
 	skel = NULL;
 
 	/* now re-load with handle_signed() enabled, it should fail loading */
-	skel = test_core_autosize__open();
+	open_opts.btf_custom_path = btf_file;
+	skel = test_core_autosize__open_opts(&open_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
-		return;
+		goto cleanup;
 
-	load_attr.obj = skel->obj;
-	load_attr.target_btf_path = btf_file;
-	err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
-	if (!ASSERT_ERR(err, "bad_prog_load"))
+	err = test_core_autosize__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR(err, "skel_load"))
 		goto cleanup;
 
 cleanup:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_reloc.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_reloc.c
index d02e064c535f..4739b15b2a97 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_reloc.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_reloc.c
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ static size_t roundup_page(size_t sz)
 void test_core_reloc(void)
 {
 	const size_t mmap_sz = roundup_page(sizeof(struct data));
-	struct bpf_object_load_attr load_attr = {};
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
 	struct core_reloc_test_case *test_case;
 	const char *tp_name, *probe_name;
 	int err, i, equal;
@@ -846,9 +846,16 @@ void test_core_reloc(void)
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		obj = bpf_object__open_file(test_case->bpf_obj_file, NULL);
+		if (test_case->btf_src_file) {
+			err = access(test_case->btf_src_file, R_OK);
+			if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "btf_src_file"))
+				goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		open_opts.btf_custom_path = test_case->btf_src_file;
+		obj = bpf_object__open_file(test_case->bpf_obj_file, &open_opts);
 		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "obj_open"))
-			continue;
+			goto cleanup;
 
 		probe_name = "raw_tracepoint/sys_enter";
 		tp_name = "sys_enter";
@@ -862,17 +869,7 @@ void test_core_reloc(void)
 			  "prog '%s' not found\n", probe_name))
 			goto cleanup;
 
-
-		if (test_case->btf_src_file) {
-			err = access(test_case->btf_src_file, R_OK);
-			if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "btf_src_file"))
-				goto cleanup;
-		}
-
-		load_attr.obj = obj;
-		load_attr.log_level = 0;
-		load_attr.target_btf_path = test_case->btf_src_file;
-		err = bpf_object__load_xattr(&load_attr);
+		err = bpf_object__load(obj);
 		if (err) {
 			if (!test_case->fails)
 				ASSERT_OK(err, "obj_load");
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/get_func_ip_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/get_func_ip_test.c
index 088b3653610d..02a465f36d59 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/get_func_ip_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/get_func_ip_test.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ void test_get_func_ip_test(void)
 	 */
 #ifndef __x86_64__
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.test6, false);
+	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.test7, false);
 #endif
 
 	err = get_func_ip_test__load(skel);
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ void test_get_func_ip_test(void)
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->test5_result, 1, "test5_result");
 #ifdef __x86_64__
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->test6_result, 1, "test6_result");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->test7_result, 1, "test7_result");
 #endif
 
 cleanup:
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning.c
index fcf54b3a1dd0..d4b953ae3407 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning.c
@@ -125,6 +125,10 @@ void test_pinning(void)
 	if (CHECK(err, "pin maps", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
 		goto out;
 
+	/* get pinning path */
+	if (!ASSERT_STREQ(bpf_map__pin_path(map), pinpath, "get pin path"))
+		goto out;
+
 	/* set pinning path of other map and re-pin all */
 	map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, "nopinmap");
 	if (CHECK(!map, "find map", "NULL map"))
@@ -134,6 +138,11 @@ void test_pinning(void)
 	if (CHECK(err, "set pin path", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
 		goto out;
 
+	/* get pinning path after set */
+	if (!ASSERT_STREQ(bpf_map__pin_path(map), custpinpath,
+			  "get pin path after set"))
+		goto out;
+
 	/* should only pin the one unpinned map */
 	err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, NULL);
 	if (CHECK(err, "pin maps", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_redirect.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_redirect.c
index 5703c918812b..932e4ee3f97c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_redirect.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_redirect.c
@@ -13,15 +13,16 @@
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
 #include <linux/limits.h>
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
-#include <linux/if_tun.h>
-#include <linux/if.h>
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "test_progs.h"
 #include "network_helpers.h"
@@ -389,11 +390,21 @@ done:
 		close(client_fd);
 }
 
-static int test_ping(int family, const char *addr)
+static char *ping_command(int family)
 {
-	const char *ping = family == AF_INET6 ? "ping6" : "ping";
+	if (family == AF_INET6) {
+		/* On some systems 'ping' doesn't support IPv6, so use ping6 if it is present. */
+		if (!system("which ping6 >/dev/null 2>&1"))
+			return "ping6";
+		else
+			return "ping -6";
+	}
+	return "ping";
+}
 
-	SYS("ip netns exec " NS_SRC " %s " PING_ARGS " %s > /dev/null", ping, addr);
+static int test_ping(int family, const char *addr)
+{
+	SYS("ip netns exec " NS_SRC " %s " PING_ARGS " %s > /dev/null", ping_command(family), addr);
 	return 0;
 fail:
 	return -1;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b77adfd55d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_iter_setsockopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2021 Facebook */
+#include "bpf_iter.h"
+#include "bpf_tracing_net.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_endian.h>
+
+#define bpf_tcp_sk(skc)	({				\
+	struct sock_common *_skc = skc;			\
+	sk = NULL;					\
+	tp = NULL;					\
+	if (_skc) {					\
+		tp = bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock(_skc);		\
+		sk = (struct sock *)tp;			\
+	}						\
+	tp;						\
+})
+
+unsigned short reuse_listen_hport = 0;
+unsigned short listen_hport = 0;
+char cubic_cc[TCP_CA_NAME_MAX] = "bpf_cubic";
+char dctcp_cc[TCP_CA_NAME_MAX] = "bpf_dctcp";
+bool random_retry = false;
+
+static bool tcp_cc_eq(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < TCP_CA_NAME_MAX; i++) {
+		if (a[i] != b[i])
+			return false;
+		if (!a[i])
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+SEC("iter/tcp")
+int change_tcp_cc(struct bpf_iter__tcp *ctx)
+{
+	char cur_cc[TCP_CA_NAME_MAX];
+	struct tcp_sock *tp;
+	struct sock *sk;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!bpf_tcp_sk(ctx->sk_common))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (sk->sk_family != AF_INET6 ||
+	    (sk->sk_state != TCP_LISTEN &&
+	     sk->sk_state != TCP_ESTABLISHED) ||
+	    (sk->sk_num != reuse_listen_hport &&
+	     sk->sk_num != listen_hport &&
+	     bpf_ntohs(sk->sk_dport) != listen_hport))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (bpf_getsockopt(tp, SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION,
+			   cur_cc, sizeof(cur_cc)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!tcp_cc_eq(cur_cc, cubic_cc))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (random_retry && bpf_get_prandom_u32() % 4 == 1)
+		return 1;
+
+	bpf_setsockopt(tp, SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION, dctcp_cc, sizeof(dctcp_cc));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_tracing_net.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_tracing_net.h
index 01378911252b..3af0998a0623 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_tracing_net.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_tracing_net.h
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 #define AF_INET			2
 #define AF_INET6		10
 
+#define SOL_TCP			6
+#define TCP_CONGESTION		13
+#define TCP_CA_NAME_MAX		16
+
 #define ICSK_TIME_RETRANS	1
 #define ICSK_TIME_PROBE0	3
 #define ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE	5
@@ -32,6 +36,8 @@
 #define ir_v6_rmt_addr		req.__req_common.skc_v6_daddr
 #define ir_v6_loc_addr		req.__req_common.skc_v6_rcv_saddr
 
+#define sk_num			__sk_common.skc_num
+#define sk_dport		__sk_common.skc_dport
 #define sk_family		__sk_common.skc_family
 #define sk_rmem_alloc		sk_backlog.rmem_alloc
 #define sk_refcnt		__sk_common.skc_refcnt
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/get_func_ip_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/get_func_ip_test.c
index acd587b6e859..a587aeca5ae0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/get_func_ip_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/get_func_ip_test.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extern const void bpf_fentry_test3 __ksym;
 extern const void bpf_fentry_test4 __ksym;
 extern const void bpf_modify_return_test __ksym;
 extern const void bpf_fentry_test6 __ksym;
+extern const void bpf_fentry_test7 __ksym;
 
 __u64 test1_result = 0;
 SEC("fentry/bpf_fentry_test1")
@@ -71,3 +72,13 @@ int test6(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 	test6_result = (const void *) addr == &bpf_fentry_test6 + 5;
 	return 0;
 }
+
+__u64 test7_result = 0;
+SEC("kprobe/bpf_fentry_test7+5")
+int test7(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	__u64 addr = bpf_get_func_ip(ctx);
+
+	test7_result = (const void *) addr == &bpf_fentry_test7 + 5;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/netcnt_prog.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/netcnt_prog.c
index d071adf178bd..43649bce4c54 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/netcnt_prog.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/netcnt_prog.c
@@ -13,21 +13,21 @@
 struct {
 	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE);
 	__type(key, struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key);
-	__type(value, struct percpu_net_cnt);
+	__type(value, union percpu_net_cnt);
 } percpu_netcnt SEC(".maps");
 
 struct {
 	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE);
 	__type(key, struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key);
-	__type(value, struct net_cnt);
+	__type(value, union net_cnt);
 } netcnt SEC(".maps");
 
 SEC("cgroup/skb")
 int bpf_nextcnt(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 {
-	struct percpu_net_cnt *percpu_cnt;
+	union percpu_net_cnt *percpu_cnt;
 	char fmt[] = "%d %llu %llu\n";
-	struct net_cnt *cnt;
+	union net_cnt *cnt;
 	__u64 ts, dt;
 	int ret;
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_map_in_map_invalid.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_map_in_map_invalid.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..703c08e06442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_map_in_map_invalid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2021 Isovalent, Inc. */
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+
+struct inner {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+	__type(key, __u32);
+	__type(value, int);
+	__uint(max_entries, 4);
+};
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS);
+	__uint(max_entries, 0); /* This will make map creation to fail */
+	__uint(key_size, sizeof(__u32));
+	__array(values, struct inner);
+} mim SEC(".maps");
+
+SEC("xdp")
+int xdp_noop0(struct xdp_md *ctx)
+{
+	return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_bpftool_synctypes.py b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_bpftool_synctypes.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..be54b7335a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_bpftool_synctypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Isovalent, Inc.
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import os, sys
+
+LINUX_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(__file__,
+    os.pardir, os.pardir, os.pardir, os.pardir, os.pardir))
+BPFTOOL_DIR = os.path.join(LINUX_ROOT, 'tools/bpf/bpftool')
+retval = 0
+
+class BlockParser(object):
+    """
+    A parser for extracting set of values from blocks such as enums.
+    @reader: a pointer to the open file to parse
+    """
+    def __init__(self, reader):
+        self.reader = reader
+
+    def search_block(self, start_marker):
+        """
+        Search for a given structure in a file.
+        @start_marker: regex marking the beginning of a structure to parse
+        """
+        offset = self.reader.tell()
+        array_start = re.search(start_marker, self.reader.read())
+        if array_start is None:
+            raise Exception('Failed to find start of block')
+        self.reader.seek(offset + array_start.start())
+
+    def parse(self, pattern, end_marker):
+        """
+        Parse a block and return a set of values. Values to extract must be
+        on separate lines in the file.
+        @pattern: pattern used to identify the values to extract
+        @end_marker: regex marking the end of the block to parse
+        """
+        entries = set()
+        while True:
+            line = self.reader.readline()
+            if not line or re.match(end_marker, line):
+                break
+            capture = pattern.search(line)
+            if capture and pattern.groups >= 1:
+                entries.add(capture.group(1))
+        return entries
+
+class ArrayParser(BlockParser):
+    """
+    A parser for extracting dicionaries of values from some BPF-related arrays.
+    @reader: a pointer to the open file to parse
+    @array_name: name of the array to parse
+    """
+    end_marker = re.compile('^};')
+
+    def __init__(self, reader, array_name):
+        self.array_name = array_name
+        self.start_marker = re.compile(f'(static )?const char \* const {self.array_name}\[.*\] = {{\n')
+        super().__init__(reader)
+
+    def search_block(self):
+        """
+        Search for the given array in a file.
+        """
+        super().search_block(self.start_marker);
+
+    def parse(self):
+        """
+        Parse a block and return data as a dictionary. Items to extract must be
+        on separate lines in the file.
+        """
+        pattern = re.compile('\[(BPF_\w*)\]\s*= "(.*)",?$')
+        entries = {}
+        while True:
+            line = self.reader.readline()
+            if line == '' or re.match(self.end_marker, line):
+                break
+            capture = pattern.search(line)
+            if capture:
+                entries[capture.group(1)] = capture.group(2)
+        return entries
+
+class InlineListParser(BlockParser):
+    """
+    A parser for extracting set of values from inline lists.
+    """
+    def parse(self, pattern, end_marker):
+        """
+        Parse a block and return a set of values. Multiple values to extract
+        can be on a same line in the file.
+        @pattern: pattern used to identify the values to extract
+        @end_marker: regex marking the end of the block to parse
+        """
+        entries = set()
+        while True:
+            line = self.reader.readline()
+            if not line:
+                break
+            entries.update(pattern.findall(line))
+            if re.search(end_marker, line):
+                break
+        return entries
+
+class FileExtractor(object):
+    """
+    A generic reader for extracting data from a given file. This class contains
+    several helper methods that wrap arround parser objects to extract values
+    from different structures.
+    This class does not offer a way to set a filename, which is expected to be
+    defined in children classes.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.reader = open(self.filename, 'r')
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close the file used by the parser.
+        """
+        self.reader.close()
+
+    def reset_read(self):
+        """
+        Reset the file position indicator for this parser. This is useful when
+        parsing several structures in the file without respecting the order in
+        which those structures appear in the file.
+        """
+        self.reader.seek(0)
+
+    def get_types_from_array(self, array_name):
+        """
+        Search for and parse an array associating names to BPF_* enum members,
+        for example:
+
+            const char * const prog_type_name[] = {
+                    [BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC]                  = "unspec",
+                    [BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER]           = "socket_filter",
+                    [BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE]                  = "kprobe",
+            };
+
+        Return a dictionary with the enum member names as keys and the
+        associated names as values, for example:
+
+            {'BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC': 'unspec',
+             'BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER': 'socket_filter',
+             'BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE': 'kprobe'}
+
+        @array_name: name of the array to parse
+        """
+        array_parser = ArrayParser(self.reader, array_name)
+        array_parser.search_block()
+        return array_parser.parse()
+
+    def get_enum(self, enum_name):
+        """
+        Search for and parse an enum containing BPF_* members, for example:
+
+            enum bpf_prog_type {
+                    BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
+                    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,
+                    BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE,
+            };
+
+        Return a set containing all member names, for example:
+
+            {'BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC',
+             'BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER',
+             'BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE'}
+
+        @enum_name: name of the enum to parse
+        """
+        start_marker = re.compile(f'enum {enum_name} {{\n')
+        pattern = re.compile('^\s*(BPF_\w+),?$')
+        end_marker = re.compile('^};')
+        parser = BlockParser(self.reader)
+        parser.search_block(start_marker)
+        return parser.parse(pattern, end_marker)
+
+    def __get_description_list(self, start_marker, pattern, end_marker):
+        parser = InlineListParser(self.reader)
+        parser.search_block(start_marker)
+        return parser.parse(pattern, end_marker)
+
+    def get_rst_list(self, block_name):
+        """
+        Search for and parse a list of type names from RST documentation, for
+        example:
+
+             |       *TYPE* := {
+             |               **socket** | **kprobe** |
+             |               **kretprobe**
+             |       }
+
+        Return a set containing all type names, for example:
+
+            {'socket', 'kprobe', 'kretprobe'}
+
+        @block_name: name of the blog to parse, 'TYPE' in the example
+        """
+        start_marker = re.compile(f'\*{block_name}\* := {{')
+        pattern = re.compile('\*\*([\w/-]+)\*\*')
+        end_marker = re.compile('}\n')
+        return self.__get_description_list(start_marker, pattern, end_marker)
+
+    def get_help_list(self, block_name):
+        """
+        Search for and parse a list of type names from a help message in
+        bpftool, for example:
+
+            "       TYPE := { socket | kprobe |\\n"
+            "               kretprobe }\\n"
+
+        Return a set containing all type names, for example:
+
+            {'socket', 'kprobe', 'kretprobe'}
+
+        @block_name: name of the blog to parse, 'TYPE' in the example
+        """
+        start_marker = re.compile(f'"\s*{block_name} := {{')
+        pattern = re.compile('([\w/]+) [|}]')
+        end_marker = re.compile('}')
+        return self.__get_description_list(start_marker, pattern, end_marker)
+
+    def get_help_list_macro(self, macro):
+        """
+        Search for and parse a list of values from a help message starting with
+        a macro in bpftool, for example:
+
+            "       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\\n"
+            "                    {-f|--bpffs} | {-m|--mapcompat} | {-n|--nomount} }\\n"
+
+        Return a set containing all item names, for example:
+
+            {'-f', '--bpffs', '-m', '--mapcompat', '-n', '--nomount'}
+
+        @macro: macro starting the block, 'HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS' in the example
+        """
+        start_marker = re.compile(f'"\s*{macro}\s*" [|}}]')
+        pattern = re.compile('([\w-]+) ?(?:\||}[ }\]])')
+        end_marker = re.compile('}\\\\n')
+        return self.__get_description_list(start_marker, pattern, end_marker)
+
+    def default_options(self):
+        """
+        Return the default options contained in HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS
+        """
+        return { '-j', '--json', '-p', '--pretty', '-d', '--debug' }
+
+    def get_bashcomp_list(self, block_name):
+        """
+        Search for and parse a list of type names from a variable in bash
+        completion file, for example:
+
+            local BPFTOOL_PROG_LOAD_TYPES='socket kprobe \\
+                kretprobe'
+
+        Return a set containing all type names, for example:
+
+            {'socket', 'kprobe', 'kretprobe'}
+
+        @block_name: name of the blog to parse, 'TYPE' in the example
+        """
+        start_marker = re.compile(f'local {block_name}=\'')
+        pattern = re.compile('(?:.*=\')?([\w/]+)')
+        end_marker = re.compile('\'$')
+        return self.__get_description_list(start_marker, pattern, end_marker)
+
+class SourceFileExtractor(FileExtractor):
+    """
+    An abstract extractor for a source file with usage message.
+    This class does not offer a way to set a filename, which is expected to be
+    defined in children classes.
+    """
+    def get_options(self):
+        return self.default_options().union(self.get_help_list_macro('HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS'))
+
+class ProgFileExtractor(SourceFileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool's prog.c.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'prog.c')
+
+    def get_prog_types(self):
+        return self.get_types_from_array('prog_type_name')
+
+    def get_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_types_from_array('attach_type_strings')
+
+    def get_prog_attach_help(self):
+        return self.get_help_list('ATTACH_TYPE')
+
+class MapFileExtractor(SourceFileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool's map.c.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'map.c')
+
+    def get_map_types(self):
+        return self.get_types_from_array('map_type_name')
+
+    def get_map_help(self):
+        return self.get_help_list('TYPE')
+
+class CgroupFileExtractor(SourceFileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool's cgroup.c.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'cgroup.c')
+
+    def get_prog_attach_help(self):
+        return self.get_help_list('ATTACH_TYPE')
+
+class CommonFileExtractor(SourceFileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool's common.c.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'common.c')
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.attach_types = {}
+
+    def get_attach_types(self):
+        if not self.attach_types:
+            self.attach_types = self.get_types_from_array('attach_type_name')
+        return self.attach_types
+
+    def get_cgroup_attach_types(self):
+        if not self.attach_types:
+            self.get_attach_types()
+        cgroup_types = {}
+        for (key, value) in self.attach_types.items():
+            if key.find('BPF_CGROUP') != -1:
+                cgroup_types[key] = value
+        return cgroup_types
+
+class GenericSourceExtractor(SourceFileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for generic source code files.
+    """
+    filename = ""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, filename)
+        super().__init__()
+
+class BpfHeaderExtractor(FileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for the UAPI BPF header.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(LINUX_ROOT, 'tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h')
+
+    def get_prog_types(self):
+        return self.get_enum('bpf_prog_type')
+
+    def get_map_types(self):
+        return self.get_enum('bpf_map_type')
+
+    def get_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_enum('bpf_attach_type')
+
+class ManPageExtractor(FileExtractor):
+    """
+    An abstract extractor for an RST documentation page.
+    This class does not offer a way to set a filename, which is expected to be
+    defined in children classes.
+    """
+    def get_options(self):
+        return self.get_rst_list('OPTIONS')
+
+class ManProgExtractor(ManPageExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool-prog.rst.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'Documentation/bpftool-prog.rst')
+
+    def get_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_rst_list('ATTACH_TYPE')
+
+class ManMapExtractor(ManPageExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool-map.rst.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'Documentation/bpftool-map.rst')
+
+    def get_map_types(self):
+        return self.get_rst_list('TYPE')
+
+class ManCgroupExtractor(ManPageExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool-cgroup.rst.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'Documentation/bpftool-cgroup.rst')
+
+    def get_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_rst_list('ATTACH_TYPE')
+
+class ManGenericExtractor(ManPageExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for generic RST documentation pages.
+    """
+    filename = ""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, filename)
+        super().__init__()
+
+class BashcompExtractor(FileExtractor):
+    """
+    An extractor for bpftool's bash completion file.
+    """
+    filename = os.path.join(BPFTOOL_DIR, 'bash-completion/bpftool')
+
+    def get_prog_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_bashcomp_list('BPFTOOL_PROG_ATTACH_TYPES')
+
+    def get_map_types(self):
+        return self.get_bashcomp_list('BPFTOOL_MAP_CREATE_TYPES')
+
+    def get_cgroup_attach_types(self):
+        return self.get_bashcomp_list('BPFTOOL_CGROUP_ATTACH_TYPES')
+
+def verify(first_set, second_set, message):
+    """
+    Print all values that differ between two sets.
+    @first_set: one set to compare
+    @second_set: another set to compare
+    @message: message to print for values belonging to only one of the sets
+    """
+    global retval
+    diff = first_set.symmetric_difference(second_set)
+    if diff:
+        print(message, diff)
+        retval = 1
+
+def main():
+    # No arguments supported at this time, but print usage for -h|--help
+    argParser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="""
+    Verify that bpftool's code, help messages, documentation and bash
+    completion are all in sync on program types, map types, attach types, and
+    options. Also check that bpftool is in sync with the UAPI BPF header.
+    """)
+    args = argParser.parse_args()
+
+    # Map types (enum)
+
+    bpf_info = BpfHeaderExtractor()
+    ref = bpf_info.get_map_types()
+
+    map_info = MapFileExtractor()
+    source_map_items = map_info.get_map_types()
+    map_types_enum = set(source_map_items.keys())
+
+    verify(ref, map_types_enum,
+            f'Comparing BPF header (enum bpf_map_type) and {MapFileExtractor.filename} (map_type_name):')
+
+    # Map types (names)
+
+    source_map_types = set(source_map_items.values())
+    source_map_types.discard('unspec')
+
+    help_map_types = map_info.get_map_help()
+    help_map_options = map_info.get_options()
+    map_info.close()
+
+    man_map_info = ManMapExtractor()
+    man_map_options = man_map_info.get_options()
+    man_map_types = man_map_info.get_map_types()
+    man_map_info.close()
+
+    bashcomp_info = BashcompExtractor()
+    bashcomp_map_types = bashcomp_info.get_map_types()
+
+    verify(source_map_types, help_map_types,
+            f'Comparing {MapFileExtractor.filename} (map_type_name) and {MapFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() TYPE):')
+    verify(source_map_types, man_map_types,
+            f'Comparing {MapFileExtractor.filename} (map_type_name) and {ManMapExtractor.filename} (TYPE):')
+    verify(help_map_options, man_map_options,
+            f'Comparing {MapFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() OPTIONS) and {ManMapExtractor.filename} (OPTIONS):')
+    verify(source_map_types, bashcomp_map_types,
+            f'Comparing {MapFileExtractor.filename} (map_type_name) and {BashcompExtractor.filename} (BPFTOOL_MAP_CREATE_TYPES):')
+
+    # Program types (enum)
+
+    ref = bpf_info.get_prog_types()
+
+    prog_info = ProgFileExtractor()
+    prog_types = set(prog_info.get_prog_types().keys())
+
+    verify(ref, prog_types,
+            f'Comparing BPF header (enum bpf_prog_type) and {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (prog_type_name):')
+
+    # Attach types (enum)
+
+    ref = bpf_info.get_attach_types()
+    bpf_info.close()
+
+    common_info = CommonFileExtractor()
+    attach_types = common_info.get_attach_types()
+
+    verify(ref, attach_types,
+            f'Comparing BPF header (enum bpf_attach_type) and {CommonFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_name):')
+
+    # Attach types (names)
+
+    source_prog_attach_types = set(prog_info.get_attach_types().values())
+
+    help_prog_attach_types = prog_info.get_prog_attach_help()
+    help_prog_options = prog_info.get_options()
+    prog_info.close()
+
+    man_prog_info = ManProgExtractor()
+    man_prog_options = man_prog_info.get_options()
+    man_prog_attach_types = man_prog_info.get_attach_types()
+    man_prog_info.close()
+
+    bashcomp_info.reset_read() # We stopped at map types, rewind
+    bashcomp_prog_attach_types = bashcomp_info.get_prog_attach_types()
+
+    verify(source_prog_attach_types, help_prog_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() ATTACH_TYPE):')
+    verify(source_prog_attach_types, man_prog_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {ManProgExtractor.filename} (ATTACH_TYPE):')
+    verify(help_prog_options, man_prog_options,
+            f'Comparing {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() OPTIONS) and {ManProgExtractor.filename} (OPTIONS):')
+    verify(source_prog_attach_types, bashcomp_prog_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {ProgFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {BashcompExtractor.filename} (BPFTOOL_PROG_ATTACH_TYPES):')
+
+    # Cgroup attach types
+
+    source_cgroup_attach_types = set(common_info.get_cgroup_attach_types().values())
+    common_info.close()
+
+    cgroup_info = CgroupFileExtractor()
+    help_cgroup_attach_types = cgroup_info.get_prog_attach_help()
+    help_cgroup_options = cgroup_info.get_options()
+    cgroup_info.close()
+
+    man_cgroup_info = ManCgroupExtractor()
+    man_cgroup_options = man_cgroup_info.get_options()
+    man_cgroup_attach_types = man_cgroup_info.get_attach_types()
+    man_cgroup_info.close()
+
+    bashcomp_cgroup_attach_types = bashcomp_info.get_cgroup_attach_types()
+    bashcomp_info.close()
+
+    verify(source_cgroup_attach_types, help_cgroup_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {CommonFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {CgroupFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() ATTACH_TYPE):')
+    verify(source_cgroup_attach_types, man_cgroup_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {CommonFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {ManCgroupExtractor.filename} (ATTACH_TYPE):')
+    verify(help_cgroup_options, man_cgroup_options,
+            f'Comparing {CgroupFileExtractor.filename} (do_help() OPTIONS) and {ManCgroupExtractor.filename} (OPTIONS):')
+    verify(source_cgroup_attach_types, bashcomp_cgroup_attach_types,
+            f'Comparing {CommonFileExtractor.filename} (attach_type_strings) and {BashcompExtractor.filename} (BPFTOOL_CGROUP_ATTACH_TYPES):')
+
+    # Options for remaining commands
+
+    for cmd in [ 'btf', 'feature', 'gen', 'iter', 'link', 'net', 'perf', 'struct_ops', ]:
+        source_info = GenericSourceExtractor(cmd + '.c')
+        help_cmd_options = source_info.get_options()
+        source_info.close()
+
+        man_cmd_info = ManGenericExtractor(os.path.join('Documentation', 'bpftool-' + cmd + '.rst'))
+        man_cmd_options = man_cmd_info.get_options()
+        man_cmd_info.close()
+
+        verify(help_cmd_options, man_cmd_options,
+                f'Comparing {source_info.filename} (do_help() OPTIONS) and {man_cmd_info.filename} (OPTIONS):')
+
+    source_main_info = GenericSourceExtractor('main.c')
+    help_main_options = source_main_info.get_options()
+    source_main_info.close()
+
+    man_main_info = ManGenericExtractor(os.path.join('Documentation', 'bpftool.rst'))
+    man_main_options = man_main_info.get_options()
+    man_main_info.close()
+
+    verify(help_main_options, man_main_options,
+            f'Comparing {source_main_info.filename} (do_help() OPTIONS) and {man_main_info.filename} (OPTIONS):')
+
+    sys.exit(retval)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_maps.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_maps.c
index 30cbf5d98f7d..14cea869235b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_maps.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_maps.c
@@ -764,8 +764,8 @@ static void test_sockmap(unsigned int tasks, void *data)
 	udp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 	i = 0;
 	err = bpf_map_update_elem(fd, &i, &udp, BPF_ANY);
-	if (!err) {
-		printf("Failed socket SOCK_DGRAM allowed '%i:%i'\n",
+	if (err) {
+		printf("Failed socket update SOCK_DGRAM '%i:%i'\n",
 		       i, udp);
 		goto out_sockmap;
 	}
@@ -1153,12 +1153,17 @@ out_sockmap:
 }
 
 #define MAPINMAP_PROG "./test_map_in_map.o"
+#define MAPINMAP_INVALID_PROG "./test_map_in_map_invalid.o"
 static void test_map_in_map(void)
 {
 	struct bpf_object *obj;
 	struct bpf_map *map;
 	int mim_fd, fd, err;
 	int pos = 0;
+	struct bpf_map_info info = {};
+	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
+	__u32 id = 0;
+	libbpf_print_fn_t old_print_fn;
 
 	obj = bpf_object__open(MAPINMAP_PROG);
 
@@ -1228,11 +1233,72 @@ static void test_map_in_map(void)
 	}
 
 	close(fd);
+	fd = -1;
 	bpf_object__close(obj);
+
+	/* Test that failing bpf_object__create_map() destroys the inner map */
+	obj = bpf_object__open(MAPINMAP_INVALID_PROG);
+	err = libbpf_get_error(obj);
+	if (err) {
+		printf("Failed to load %s program: %d %d",
+		       MAPINMAP_INVALID_PROG, err, errno);
+		goto out_map_in_map;
+	}
+
+	map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, "mim");
+	if (!map) {
+		printf("Failed to load array of maps from test prog\n");
+		goto out_map_in_map;
+	}
+
+	old_print_fn = libbpf_set_print(NULL);
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (!err) {
+		printf("Loading obj supposed to fail\n");
+		goto out_map_in_map;
+	}
+
+	libbpf_set_print(old_print_fn);
+
+	/* Iterate over all maps to check whether the internal map
+	 * ("mim.internal") has been destroyed.
+	 */
+	while (true) {
+		err = bpf_map_get_next_id(id, &id);
+		if (err) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				break;
+			printf("Failed to get next map: %d", errno);
+			goto out_map_in_map;
+		}
+
+		fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(id);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				continue;
+			printf("Failed to get map by id %u: %d", id, errno);
+			goto out_map_in_map;
+		}
+
+		err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
+		if (err) {
+			printf("Failed to get map info by fd %d: %d", fd,
+			       errno);
+			goto out_map_in_map;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(info.name, "mim.inner")) {
+			printf("Inner map mim.inner was not destroyed\n");
+			goto out_map_in_map;
+		}
+	}
+
 	return;
 
 out_map_in_map:
-	close(fd);
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
 	exit(1);
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_netcnt.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_netcnt.c
index a7b9a69f4fd5..4990a99e7381 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_netcnt.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_netcnt.c
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ static int bpf_find_map(const char *test, struct bpf_object *obj,
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct percpu_net_cnt *percpu_netcnt;
+	union percpu_net_cnt *percpu_netcnt;
 	struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key key;
 	int map_fd, percpu_map_fd;
 	int error = EXIT_FAILURE;
-	struct net_cnt netcnt;
 	struct bpf_object *obj;
 	int prog_fd, cgroup_fd;
 	unsigned long packets;
+	union net_cnt netcnt;
 	unsigned long bytes;
 	int cpu, nproc;
 	__u32 prog_cnt;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs.h
index 8ef7f334e715..c8c2bf878f67 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs.h
@@ -221,6 +221,18 @@ extern int test__join_cgroup(const char *path);
 	___ok;								\
 })
 
+#define ASSERT_STRNEQ(actual, expected, len, name) ({			\
+	static int duration = 0;					\
+	const char *___act = actual;					\
+	const char *___exp = expected;					\
+	int ___len = len;						\
+	bool ___ok = strncmp(___act, ___exp, ___len) == 0;		\
+	CHECK(!___ok, (name),						\
+	      "unexpected %s: actual '%.*s' != expected '%.*s'\n",	\
+	      (name), ___len, ___act, ___len, ___exp);			\
+	___ok;								\
+})
+
 #define ASSERT_OK(res, name) ({						\
 	static int duration = 0;					\
 	long long ___res = (res);					\
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_tc_tunnel.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_tc_tunnel.sh
index c9dde9b9d987..088fcad138c9 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_tc_tunnel.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_tc_tunnel.sh
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ cleanup() {
 }
 
 server_listen() {
-	ip netns exec "${ns2}" nc "${netcat_opt}" -l -p "${port}" > "${outfile}" &
+	ip netns exec "${ns2}" nc "${netcat_opt}" -l "${port}" > "${outfile}" &
 	server_pid=$!
 	sleep 0.2
 }