Merge branch 'for-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq

Pull workqueue updates from Tejun Heo:
 "Workqueue now prints debug information at the end of sysrq-t which
  should be helpful when tracking down suspected workqueue stalls.  It
  only prints out the ones with something currently going on so it
  shouldn't add much output in most cases"

* 'for-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
  workqueue: Reorder sysfs code
  percpu: Fix trivial typos in comments
  workqueue: dump workqueues on sysrq-t
  workqueue: keep track of the flushing task and pool manager
  workqueue: make the workqueues list RCU walkable

4 files changed, 518 insertions, 335 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
index 259a4d5a4e8f..843f2cdc280b 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/sysrq.c
@@ -275,6 +275,7 @@ static struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_showregs_op = {
 static void sysrq_handle_showstate(int key)
 {
 	show_state();
+	show_workqueue_state();
 }
 static struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_showstate_op = {
 	.handler	= sysrq_handle_showstate,
diff --git a/include/linux/workqueue.h b/include/linux/workqueue.h
index f597846ff605..deee212af8e0 100644
--- a/include/linux/workqueue.h
+++ b/include/linux/workqueue.h
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ extern bool workqueue_congested(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq);
 extern unsigned int work_busy(struct work_struct *work);
 extern __printf(1, 2) void set_worker_desc(const char *fmt, ...);
 extern void print_worker_info(const char *log_lvl, struct task_struct *task);
+extern void show_workqueue_state(void);
 
 /**
  * queue_work - queue work on a workqueue
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 41ff75b478c6..586ad91300b0 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ struct worker_pool {
 
 	/* see manage_workers() for details on the two manager mutexes */
 	struct mutex		manager_arb;	/* manager arbitration */
+	struct worker		*manager;	/* L: purely informational */
 	struct mutex		attach_mutex;	/* attach/detach exclusion */
 	struct list_head	workers;	/* A: attached workers */
 	struct completion	*detach_completion; /* all workers detached */
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ struct wq_device;
  */
 struct workqueue_struct {
 	struct list_head	pwqs;		/* WR: all pwqs of this wq */
-	struct list_head	list;		/* PL: list of all workqueues */
+	struct list_head	list;		/* PR: list of all workqueues */
 
 	struct mutex		mutex;		/* protects this wq */
 	int			work_color;	/* WQ: current work color */
@@ -257,6 +258,13 @@ struct workqueue_struct {
 #endif
 	char			name[WQ_NAME_LEN]; /* I: workqueue name */
 
+	/*
+	 * Destruction of workqueue_struct is sched-RCU protected to allow
+	 * walking the workqueues list without grabbing wq_pool_mutex.
+	 * This is used to dump all workqueues from sysrq.
+	 */
+	struct rcu_head		rcu;
+
 	/* hot fields used during command issue, aligned to cacheline */
 	unsigned int		flags ____cacheline_aligned; /* WQ: WQ_* flags */
 	struct pool_workqueue __percpu *cpu_pwqs; /* I: per-cpu pwqs */
@@ -288,7 +296,7 @@ static struct workqueue_attrs *wq_update_unbound_numa_attrs_buf;
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(wq_pool_mutex);	/* protects pools and workqueues list */
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(wq_mayday_lock);	/* protects wq->maydays list */
 
-static LIST_HEAD(workqueues);		/* PL: list of all workqueues */
+static LIST_HEAD(workqueues);		/* PR: list of all workqueues */
 static bool workqueue_freezing;		/* PL: have wqs started freezing? */
 
 /* the per-cpu worker pools */
@@ -324,6 +332,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(system_freezable_power_efficient_wq);
 static int worker_thread(void *__worker);
 static void copy_workqueue_attrs(struct workqueue_attrs *to,
 				 const struct workqueue_attrs *from);
+static void workqueue_sysfs_unregister(struct workqueue_struct *wq);
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/events/workqueue.h>
@@ -1911,9 +1920,11 @@ static bool manage_workers(struct worker *worker)
 	 */
 	if (!mutex_trylock(&pool->manager_arb))
 		return false;
+	pool->manager = worker;
 
 	maybe_create_worker(pool);
 
+	pool->manager = NULL;
 	mutex_unlock(&pool->manager_arb);
 	return true;
 }
@@ -2303,6 +2314,7 @@ repeat:
 struct wq_barrier {
 	struct work_struct	work;
 	struct completion	done;
+	struct task_struct	*task;	/* purely informational */
 };
 
 static void wq_barrier_func(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -2351,6 +2363,7 @@ static void insert_wq_barrier(struct pool_workqueue *pwq,
 	INIT_WORK_ONSTACK(&barr->work, wq_barrier_func);
 	__set_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING_BIT, work_data_bits(&barr->work));
 	init_completion(&barr->done);
+	barr->task = current;
 
 	/*
 	 * If @target is currently being executed, schedule the
@@ -2989,323 +3002,6 @@ int execute_in_process_context(work_func_t fn, struct execute_work *ew)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(execute_in_process_context);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
-/*
- * Workqueues with WQ_SYSFS flag set is visible to userland via
- * /sys/bus/workqueue/devices/WQ_NAME.  All visible workqueues have the
- * following attributes.
- *
- *  per_cpu	RO bool	: whether the workqueue is per-cpu or unbound
- *  max_active	RW int	: maximum number of in-flight work items
- *
- * Unbound workqueues have the following extra attributes.
- *
- *  id		RO int	: the associated pool ID
- *  nice	RW int	: nice value of the workers
- *  cpumask	RW mask	: bitmask of allowed CPUs for the workers
- */
-struct wq_device {
-	struct workqueue_struct		*wq;
-	struct device			dev;
-};
-
-static struct workqueue_struct *dev_to_wq(struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct wq_device *wq_dev = container_of(dev, struct wq_device, dev);
-
-	return wq_dev->wq;
-}
-
-static ssize_t per_cpu_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-			    char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-
-	return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", (bool)!(wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND));
-}
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(per_cpu);
-
-static ssize_t max_active_show(struct device *dev,
-			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-
-	return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", wq->saved_max_active);
-}
-
-static ssize_t max_active_store(struct device *dev,
-				struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
-				size_t count)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	int val;
-
-	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &val) != 1 || val <= 0)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	workqueue_set_max_active(wq, val);
-	return count;
-}
-static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(max_active);
-
-static struct attribute *wq_sysfs_attrs[] = {
-	&dev_attr_per_cpu.attr,
-	&dev_attr_max_active.attr,
-	NULL,
-};
-ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(wq_sysfs);
-
-static ssize_t wq_pool_ids_show(struct device *dev,
-				struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	const char *delim = "";
-	int node, written = 0;
-
-	rcu_read_lock_sched();
-	for_each_node(node) {
-		written += scnprintf(buf + written, PAGE_SIZE - written,
-				     "%s%d:%d", delim, node,
-				     unbound_pwq_by_node(wq, node)->pool->id);
-		delim = " ";
-	}
-	written += scnprintf(buf + written, PAGE_SIZE - written, "\n");
-	rcu_read_unlock_sched();
-
-	return written;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_nice_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-			    char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	int written;
-
-	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
-	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", wq->unbound_attrs->nice);
-	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
-
-	return written;
-}
-
-/* prepare workqueue_attrs for sysfs store operations */
-static struct workqueue_attrs *wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
-{
-	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
-
-	attrs = alloc_workqueue_attrs(GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!attrs)
-		return NULL;
-
-	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
-	copy_workqueue_attrs(attrs, wq->unbound_attrs);
-	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
-	return attrs;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_nice_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-			     const char *buf, size_t count)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
-	int ret;
-
-	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
-	if (!attrs)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &attrs->nice) == 1 &&
-	    attrs->nice >= MIN_NICE && attrs->nice <= MAX_NICE)
-		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
-	else
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-
-	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
-	return ret ?: count;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_cpumask_show(struct device *dev,
-			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	int written;
-
-	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
-	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%*pb\n",
-			    cpumask_pr_args(wq->unbound_attrs->cpumask));
-	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
-	return written;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_cpumask_store(struct device *dev,
-				struct device_attribute *attr,
-				const char *buf, size_t count)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
-	int ret;
-
-	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
-	if (!attrs)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	ret = cpumask_parse(buf, attrs->cpumask);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
-
-	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
-	return ret ?: count;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_numa_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-			    char *buf)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	int written;
-
-	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
-	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n",
-			    !wq->unbound_attrs->no_numa);
-	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
-
-	return written;
-}
-
-static ssize_t wq_numa_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
-			     const char *buf, size_t count)
-{
-	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
-	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
-	int v, ret;
-
-	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
-	if (!attrs)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	ret = -EINVAL;
-	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &v) == 1) {
-		attrs->no_numa = !v;
-		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
-	}
-
-	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
-	return ret ?: count;
-}
-
-static struct device_attribute wq_sysfs_unbound_attrs[] = {
-	__ATTR(pool_ids, 0444, wq_pool_ids_show, NULL),
-	__ATTR(nice, 0644, wq_nice_show, wq_nice_store),
-	__ATTR(cpumask, 0644, wq_cpumask_show, wq_cpumask_store),
-	__ATTR(numa, 0644, wq_numa_show, wq_numa_store),
-	__ATTR_NULL,
-};
-
-static struct bus_type wq_subsys = {
-	.name				= "workqueue",
-	.dev_groups			= wq_sysfs_groups,
-};
-
-static int __init wq_sysfs_init(void)
-{
-	return subsys_virtual_register(&wq_subsys, NULL);
-}
-core_initcall(wq_sysfs_init);
-
-static void wq_device_release(struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct wq_device *wq_dev = container_of(dev, struct wq_device, dev);
-
-	kfree(wq_dev);
-}
-
-/**
- * workqueue_sysfs_register - make a workqueue visible in sysfs
- * @wq: the workqueue to register
- *
- * Expose @wq in sysfs under /sys/bus/workqueue/devices.
- * alloc_workqueue*() automatically calls this function if WQ_SYSFS is set
- * which is the preferred method.
- *
- * Workqueue user should use this function directly iff it wants to apply
- * workqueue_attrs before making the workqueue visible in sysfs; otherwise,
- * apply_workqueue_attrs() may race against userland updating the
- * attributes.
- *
- * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
- */
-int workqueue_sysfs_register(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
-{
-	struct wq_device *wq_dev;
-	int ret;
-
-	/*
-	 * Adjusting max_active or creating new pwqs by applyting
-	 * attributes breaks ordering guarantee.  Disallow exposing ordered
-	 * workqueues.
-	 */
-	if (WARN_ON(wq->flags & __WQ_ORDERED))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	wq->wq_dev = wq_dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*wq_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!wq_dev)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	wq_dev->wq = wq;
-	wq_dev->dev.bus = &wq_subsys;
-	wq_dev->dev.init_name = wq->name;
-	wq_dev->dev.release = wq_device_release;
-
-	/*
-	 * unbound_attrs are created separately.  Suppress uevent until
-	 * everything is ready.
-	 */
-	dev_set_uevent_suppress(&wq_dev->dev, true);
-
-	ret = device_register(&wq_dev->dev);
-	if (ret) {
-		kfree(wq_dev);
-		wq->wq_dev = NULL;
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	if (wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND) {
-		struct device_attribute *attr;
-
-		for (attr = wq_sysfs_unbound_attrs; attr->attr.name; attr++) {
-			ret = device_create_file(&wq_dev->dev, attr);
-			if (ret) {
-				device_unregister(&wq_dev->dev);
-				wq->wq_dev = NULL;
-				return ret;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	dev_set_uevent_suppress(&wq_dev->dev, false);
-	kobject_uevent(&wq_dev->dev.kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * workqueue_sysfs_unregister - undo workqueue_sysfs_register()
- * @wq: the workqueue to unregister
- *
- * If @wq is registered to sysfs by workqueue_sysfs_register(), unregister.
- */
-static void workqueue_sysfs_unregister(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
-{
-	struct wq_device *wq_dev = wq->wq_dev;
-
-	if (!wq->wq_dev)
-		return;
-
-	wq->wq_dev = NULL;
-	device_unregister(&wq_dev->dev);
-}
-#else	/* CONFIG_SYSFS */
-static void workqueue_sysfs_unregister(struct workqueue_struct *wq)	{ }
-#endif	/* CONFIG_SYSFS */
-
 /**
  * free_workqueue_attrs - free a workqueue_attrs
  * @attrs: workqueue_attrs to free
@@ -3424,6 +3120,20 @@ static int init_worker_pool(struct worker_pool *pool)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void rcu_free_wq(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq =
+		container_of(rcu, struct workqueue_struct, rcu);
+
+	if (!(wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND))
+		free_percpu(wq->cpu_pwqs);
+	else
+		free_workqueue_attrs(wq->unbound_attrs);
+
+	kfree(wq->rescuer);
+	kfree(wq);
+}
+
 static void rcu_free_pool(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 {
 	struct worker_pool *pool = container_of(rcu, struct worker_pool, rcu);
@@ -3601,12 +3311,10 @@ static void pwq_unbound_release_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	/*
 	 * If we're the last pwq going away, @wq is already dead and no one
-	 * is gonna access it anymore.  Free it.
+	 * is gonna access it anymore.  Schedule RCU free.
 	 */
-	if (is_last) {
-		free_workqueue_attrs(wq->unbound_attrs);
-		kfree(wq);
-	}
+	if (is_last)
+		call_rcu_sched(&wq->rcu, rcu_free_wq);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -4143,7 +3851,7 @@ struct workqueue_struct *__alloc_workqueue_key(const char *fmt,
 		pwq_adjust_max_active(pwq);
 	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
 
-	list_add(&wq->list, &workqueues);
+	list_add_tail_rcu(&wq->list, &workqueues);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&wq_pool_mutex);
 
@@ -4199,24 +3907,20 @@ void destroy_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
 	 * flushing is complete in case freeze races us.
 	 */
 	mutex_lock(&wq_pool_mutex);
-	list_del_init(&wq->list);
+	list_del_rcu(&wq->list);
 	mutex_unlock(&wq_pool_mutex);
 
 	workqueue_sysfs_unregister(wq);
 
-	if (wq->rescuer) {
+	if (wq->rescuer)
 		kthread_stop(wq->rescuer->task);
-		kfree(wq->rescuer);
-		wq->rescuer = NULL;
-	}
 
 	if (!(wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND)) {
 		/*
 		 * The base ref is never dropped on per-cpu pwqs.  Directly
-		 * free the pwqs and wq.
+		 * schedule RCU free.
 		 */
-		free_percpu(wq->cpu_pwqs);
-		kfree(wq);
+		call_rcu_sched(&wq->rcu, rcu_free_wq);
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * We're the sole accessor of @wq at this point.  Directly
@@ -4437,6 +4141,166 @@ void print_worker_info(const char *log_lvl, struct task_struct *task)
 	}
 }
 
+static void pr_cont_pool_info(struct worker_pool *pool)
+{
+	pr_cont(" cpus=%*pbl", nr_cpumask_bits, pool->attrs->cpumask);
+	if (pool->node != NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		pr_cont(" node=%d", pool->node);
+	pr_cont(" flags=0x%x nice=%d", pool->flags, pool->attrs->nice);
+}
+
+static void pr_cont_work(bool comma, struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	if (work->func == wq_barrier_func) {
+		struct wq_barrier *barr;
+
+		barr = container_of(work, struct wq_barrier, work);
+
+		pr_cont("%s BAR(%d)", comma ? "," : "",
+			task_pid_nr(barr->task));
+	} else {
+		pr_cont("%s %pf", comma ? "," : "", work->func);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_pwq(struct pool_workqueue *pwq)
+{
+	struct worker_pool *pool = pwq->pool;
+	struct work_struct *work;
+	struct worker *worker;
+	bool has_in_flight = false, has_pending = false;
+	int bkt;
+
+	pr_info("  pwq %d:", pool->id);
+	pr_cont_pool_info(pool);
+
+	pr_cont(" active=%d/%d%s\n", pwq->nr_active, pwq->max_active,
+		!list_empty(&pwq->mayday_node) ? " MAYDAY" : "");
+
+	hash_for_each(pool->busy_hash, bkt, worker, hentry) {
+		if (worker->current_pwq == pwq) {
+			has_in_flight = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (has_in_flight) {
+		bool comma = false;
+
+		pr_info("    in-flight:");
+		hash_for_each(pool->busy_hash, bkt, worker, hentry) {
+			if (worker->current_pwq != pwq)
+				continue;
+
+			pr_cont("%s %d%s:%pf", comma ? "," : "",
+				task_pid_nr(worker->task),
+				worker == pwq->wq->rescuer ? "(RESCUER)" : "",
+				worker->current_func);
+			list_for_each_entry(work, &worker->scheduled, entry)
+				pr_cont_work(false, work);
+			comma = true;
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+	}
+
+	list_for_each_entry(work, &pool->worklist, entry) {
+		if (get_work_pwq(work) == pwq) {
+			has_pending = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (has_pending) {
+		bool comma = false;
+
+		pr_info("    pending:");
+		list_for_each_entry(work, &pool->worklist, entry) {
+			if (get_work_pwq(work) != pwq)
+				continue;
+
+			pr_cont_work(comma, work);
+			comma = !(*work_data_bits(work) & WORK_STRUCT_LINKED);
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+	}
+
+	if (!list_empty(&pwq->delayed_works)) {
+		bool comma = false;
+
+		pr_info("    delayed:");
+		list_for_each_entry(work, &pwq->delayed_works, entry) {
+			pr_cont_work(comma, work);
+			comma = !(*work_data_bits(work) & WORK_STRUCT_LINKED);
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * show_workqueue_state - dump workqueue state
+ *
+ * Called from a sysrq handler and prints out all busy workqueues and
+ * pools.
+ */
+void show_workqueue_state(void)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq;
+	struct worker_pool *pool;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int pi;
+
+	rcu_read_lock_sched();
+
+	pr_info("Showing busy workqueues and worker pools:\n");
+
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(wq, &workqueues, list) {
+		struct pool_workqueue *pwq;
+		bool idle = true;
+
+		for_each_pwq(pwq, wq) {
+			if (pwq->nr_active || !list_empty(&pwq->delayed_works)) {
+				idle = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (idle)
+			continue;
+
+		pr_info("workqueue %s: flags=0x%x\n", wq->name, wq->flags);
+
+		for_each_pwq(pwq, wq) {
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&pwq->pool->lock, flags);
+			if (pwq->nr_active || !list_empty(&pwq->delayed_works))
+				show_pwq(pwq);
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pwq->pool->lock, flags);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for_each_pool(pool, pi) {
+		struct worker *worker;
+		bool first = true;
+
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
+		if (pool->nr_workers == pool->nr_idle)
+			goto next_pool;
+
+		pr_info("pool %d:", pool->id);
+		pr_cont_pool_info(pool);
+		pr_cont(" workers=%d", pool->nr_workers);
+		if (pool->manager)
+			pr_cont(" manager: %d",
+				task_pid_nr(pool->manager->task));
+		list_for_each_entry(worker, &pool->idle_list, entry) {
+			pr_cont(" %s%d", first ? "idle: " : "",
+				task_pid_nr(worker->task));
+			first = false;
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+	next_pool:
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
+	}
+
+	rcu_read_unlock_sched();
+}
+
 /*
  * CPU hotplug.
  *
@@ -4834,6 +4698,323 @@ out_unlock:
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_FREEZER */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+/*
+ * Workqueues with WQ_SYSFS flag set is visible to userland via
+ * /sys/bus/workqueue/devices/WQ_NAME.  All visible workqueues have the
+ * following attributes.
+ *
+ *  per_cpu	RO bool	: whether the workqueue is per-cpu or unbound
+ *  max_active	RW int	: maximum number of in-flight work items
+ *
+ * Unbound workqueues have the following extra attributes.
+ *
+ *  id		RO int	: the associated pool ID
+ *  nice	RW int	: nice value of the workers
+ *  cpumask	RW mask	: bitmask of allowed CPUs for the workers
+ */
+struct wq_device {
+	struct workqueue_struct		*wq;
+	struct device			dev;
+};
+
+static struct workqueue_struct *dev_to_wq(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct wq_device *wq_dev = container_of(dev, struct wq_device, dev);
+
+	return wq_dev->wq;
+}
+
+static ssize_t per_cpu_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			    char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+
+	return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", (bool)!(wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND));
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(per_cpu);
+
+static ssize_t max_active_show(struct device *dev,
+			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+
+	return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", wq->saved_max_active);
+}
+
+static ssize_t max_active_store(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf,
+				size_t count)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	int val;
+
+	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &val) != 1 || val <= 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	workqueue_set_max_active(wq, val);
+	return count;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(max_active);
+
+static struct attribute *wq_sysfs_attrs[] = {
+	&dev_attr_per_cpu.attr,
+	&dev_attr_max_active.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(wq_sysfs);
+
+static ssize_t wq_pool_ids_show(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	const char *delim = "";
+	int node, written = 0;
+
+	rcu_read_lock_sched();
+	for_each_node(node) {
+		written += scnprintf(buf + written, PAGE_SIZE - written,
+				     "%s%d:%d", delim, node,
+				     unbound_pwq_by_node(wq, node)->pool->id);
+		delim = " ";
+	}
+	written += scnprintf(buf + written, PAGE_SIZE - written, "\n");
+	rcu_read_unlock_sched();
+
+	return written;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_nice_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			    char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	int written;
+
+	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
+	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", wq->unbound_attrs->nice);
+	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
+
+	return written;
+}
+
+/* prepare workqueue_attrs for sysfs store operations */
+static struct workqueue_attrs *wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
+
+	attrs = alloc_workqueue_attrs(GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!attrs)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
+	copy_workqueue_attrs(attrs, wq->unbound_attrs);
+	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
+	return attrs;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_nice_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			     const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
+	int ret;
+
+	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
+	if (!attrs)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &attrs->nice) == 1 &&
+	    attrs->nice >= MIN_NICE && attrs->nice <= MAX_NICE)
+		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
+	else
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
+	return ret ?: count;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_cpumask_show(struct device *dev,
+			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	int written;
+
+	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
+	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%*pb\n",
+			    cpumask_pr_args(wq->unbound_attrs->cpumask));
+	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
+	return written;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_cpumask_store(struct device *dev,
+				struct device_attribute *attr,
+				const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
+	int ret;
+
+	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
+	if (!attrs)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ret = cpumask_parse(buf, attrs->cpumask);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
+
+	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
+	return ret ?: count;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_numa_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			    char *buf)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	int written;
+
+	mutex_lock(&wq->mutex);
+	written = scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n",
+			    !wq->unbound_attrs->no_numa);
+	mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
+
+	return written;
+}
+
+static ssize_t wq_numa_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			     const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct workqueue_struct *wq = dev_to_wq(dev);
+	struct workqueue_attrs *attrs;
+	int v, ret;
+
+	attrs = wq_sysfs_prep_attrs(wq);
+	if (!attrs)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ret = -EINVAL;
+	if (sscanf(buf, "%d", &v) == 1) {
+		attrs->no_numa = !v;
+		ret = apply_workqueue_attrs(wq, attrs);
+	}
+
+	free_workqueue_attrs(attrs);
+	return ret ?: count;
+}
+
+static struct device_attribute wq_sysfs_unbound_attrs[] = {
+	__ATTR(pool_ids, 0444, wq_pool_ids_show, NULL),
+	__ATTR(nice, 0644, wq_nice_show, wq_nice_store),
+	__ATTR(cpumask, 0644, wq_cpumask_show, wq_cpumask_store),
+	__ATTR(numa, 0644, wq_numa_show, wq_numa_store),
+	__ATTR_NULL,
+};
+
+static struct bus_type wq_subsys = {
+	.name				= "workqueue",
+	.dev_groups			= wq_sysfs_groups,
+};
+
+static int __init wq_sysfs_init(void)
+{
+	return subsys_virtual_register(&wq_subsys, NULL);
+}
+core_initcall(wq_sysfs_init);
+
+static void wq_device_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct wq_device *wq_dev = container_of(dev, struct wq_device, dev);
+
+	kfree(wq_dev);
+}
+
+/**
+ * workqueue_sysfs_register - make a workqueue visible in sysfs
+ * @wq: the workqueue to register
+ *
+ * Expose @wq in sysfs under /sys/bus/workqueue/devices.
+ * alloc_workqueue*() automatically calls this function if WQ_SYSFS is set
+ * which is the preferred method.
+ *
+ * Workqueue user should use this function directly iff it wants to apply
+ * workqueue_attrs before making the workqueue visible in sysfs; otherwise,
+ * apply_workqueue_attrs() may race against userland updating the
+ * attributes.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
+ */
+int workqueue_sysfs_register(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+	struct wq_device *wq_dev;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjusting max_active or creating new pwqs by applyting
+	 * attributes breaks ordering guarantee.  Disallow exposing ordered
+	 * workqueues.
+	 */
+	if (WARN_ON(wq->flags & __WQ_ORDERED))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	wq->wq_dev = wq_dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*wq_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!wq_dev)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	wq_dev->wq = wq;
+	wq_dev->dev.bus = &wq_subsys;
+	wq_dev->dev.init_name = wq->name;
+	wq_dev->dev.release = wq_device_release;
+
+	/*
+	 * unbound_attrs are created separately.  Suppress uevent until
+	 * everything is ready.
+	 */
+	dev_set_uevent_suppress(&wq_dev->dev, true);
+
+	ret = device_register(&wq_dev->dev);
+	if (ret) {
+		kfree(wq_dev);
+		wq->wq_dev = NULL;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (wq->flags & WQ_UNBOUND) {
+		struct device_attribute *attr;
+
+		for (attr = wq_sysfs_unbound_attrs; attr->attr.name; attr++) {
+			ret = device_create_file(&wq_dev->dev, attr);
+			if (ret) {
+				device_unregister(&wq_dev->dev);
+				wq->wq_dev = NULL;
+				return ret;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	dev_set_uevent_suppress(&wq_dev->dev, false);
+	kobject_uevent(&wq_dev->dev.kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * workqueue_sysfs_unregister - undo workqueue_sysfs_register()
+ * @wq: the workqueue to unregister
+ *
+ * If @wq is registered to sysfs by workqueue_sysfs_register(), unregister.
+ */
+static void workqueue_sysfs_unregister(struct workqueue_struct *wq)
+{
+	struct wq_device *wq_dev = wq->wq_dev;
+
+	if (!wq->wq_dev)
+		return;
+
+	wq->wq_dev = NULL;
+	device_unregister(&wq_dev->dev);
+}
+#else	/* CONFIG_SYSFS */
+static void workqueue_sysfs_unregister(struct workqueue_struct *wq)	{ }
+#endif	/* CONFIG_SYSFS */
+
 static void __init wq_numa_init(void)
 {
 	cpumask_var_t *tbl;
diff --git a/mm/percpu.c b/mm/percpu.c
index 73c97a5f4495..dfd02484e8de 100644
--- a/mm/percpu.c
+++ b/mm/percpu.c
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ bool is_kernel_percpu_address(unsigned long addr)
  * and, from the second one, the backing allocator (currently either vm or
  * km) provides translation.
  *
- * The addr can be tranlated simply without checking if it falls into the
+ * The addr can be translated simply without checking if it falls into the
  * first chunk. But the current code reflects better how percpu allocator
  * actually works, and the verification can discover both bugs in percpu
  * allocator itself and per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() callers. So we keep current
@@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);
  * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation
  * atom size and distances between CPUs.
  *
- * Groups are always mutliples of atom size and CPUs which are of
+ * Groups are always multiples of atom size and CPUs which are of
  * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for
  * units in the same group.  The returned configuration is guaranteed
  * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage