path: root/arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * BPF JIT compiler
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Eric Dumazet (eric.dumazet@gmail.com)
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2014 PLUMgrid, http://plumgrid.com
 */
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/if_vlan.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <asm/extable.h>
#include <asm/set_memory.h>
#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
#include <asm/text-patching.h>

static u8 *emit_code(u8 *ptr, u32 bytes, unsigned int len)
{
	if (len == 1)
		*ptr = bytes;
	else if (len == 2)
		*(u16 *)ptr = bytes;
	else {
		*(u32 *)ptr = bytes;
		barrier();
	}
	return ptr + len;
}

#define EMIT(bytes, len) \
	do { prog = emit_code(prog, bytes, len); } while (0)

#define EMIT1(b1)		EMIT(b1, 1)
#define EMIT2(b1, b2)		EMIT((b1) + ((b2) << 8), 2)
#define EMIT3(b1, b2, b3)	EMIT((b1) + ((b2) << 8) + ((b3) << 16), 3)
#define EMIT4(b1, b2, b3, b4)   EMIT((b1) + ((b2) << 8) + ((b3) << 16) + ((b4) << 24), 4)

#define EMIT1_off32(b1, off) \
	do { EMIT1(b1); EMIT(off, 4); } while (0)
#define EMIT2_off32(b1, b2, off) \
	do { EMIT2(b1, b2); EMIT(off, 4); } while (0)
#define EMIT3_off32(b1, b2, b3, off) \
	do { EMIT3(b1, b2, b3); EMIT(off, 4); } while (0)
#define EMIT4_off32(b1, b2, b3, b4, off) \
	do { EMIT4(b1, b2, b3, b4); EMIT(off, 4); } while (0)

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT
#define EMIT_ENDBR()	EMIT(gen_endbr(), 4)
#else
#define EMIT_ENDBR()
#endif

static bool is_imm8(int value)
{
	return value <= 127 && value >= -128;
}

static bool is_simm32(s64 value)
{
	return value == (s64)(s32)value;
}

static bool is_uimm32(u64 value)
{
	return value == (u64)(u32)value;
}

/* mov dst, src */
#define EMIT_mov(DST, SRC)								 \
	do {										 \
		if (DST != SRC)								 \
			EMIT3(add_2mod(0x48, DST, SRC), 0x89, add_2reg(0xC0, DST, SRC)); \
	} while (0)

static int bpf_size_to_x86_bytes(int bpf_size)
{
	if (bpf_size == BPF_W)
		return 4;
	else if (bpf_size == BPF_H)
		return 2;
	else if (bpf_size == BPF_B)
		return 1;
	else if (bpf_size == BPF_DW)
		return 4; /* imm32 */
	else
		return 0;
}

/*
 * List of x86 cond jumps opcodes (. + s8)
 * Add 0x10 (and an extra 0x0f) to generate far jumps (. + s32)
 */
#define X86_JB  0x72
#define X86_JAE 0x73
#define X86_JE  0x74
#define X86_JNE 0x75
#define X86_JBE 0x76
#define X86_JA  0x77
#define X86_JL  0x7C
#define X86_JGE 0x7D
#define X86_JLE 0x7E
#define X86_JG  0x7F

/* Pick a register outside of BPF range for JIT internal work */
#define AUX_REG (MAX_BPF_JIT_REG + 1)
#define X86_REG_R9 (MAX_BPF_JIT_REG + 2)

/*
 * The following table maps BPF registers to x86-64 registers.
 *
 * x86-64 register R12 is unused, since if used as base address
 * register in load/store instructions, it always needs an
 * extra byte of encoding and is callee saved.
 *
 * x86-64 register R9 is not used by BPF programs, but can be used by BPF
 * trampoline. x86-64 register R10 is used for blinding (if enabled).
 */
static const int reg2hex[] = {
	[BPF_REG_0] = 0,  /* RAX */
	[BPF_REG_1] = 7,  /* RDI */
	[BPF_REG_2] = 6,  /* RSI */
	[BPF_REG_3] = 2,  /* RDX */
	[BPF_REG_4] = 1,  /* RCX */
	[BPF_REG_5] = 0,  /* R8  */
	[BPF_REG_6] = 3,  /* RBX callee saved */
	[BPF_REG_7] = 5,  /* R13 callee saved */
	[BPF_REG_8] = 6,  /* R14 callee saved */
	[BPF_REG_9] = 7,  /* R15 callee saved */
	[BPF_REG_FP] = 5, /* RBP readonly */
	[BPF_REG_AX] = 2, /* R10 temp register */
	[AUX_REG] = 3,    /* R11 temp register */
	[X86_REG_R9] = 1, /* R9 register, 6th function argument */
};

static const int reg2pt_regs[] = {
	[BPF_REG_0] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, ax),
	[BPF_REG_1] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, di),
	[BPF_REG_2] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, si),
	[BPF_REG_3] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, dx),
	[BPF_REG_4] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, cx),
	[BPF_REG_5] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, r8),
	[BPF_REG_6] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, bx),
	[BPF_REG_7] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, r13),
	[BPF_REG_8] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, r14),
	[BPF_REG_9] = offsetof(struct pt_regs, r15),
};

/*
 * is_ereg() == true if BPF register 'reg' maps to x86-64 r8..r15
 * which need extra byte of encoding.
 * rax,rcx,...,rbp have simpler encoding
 */
static bool is_ereg(u32 reg)
{
	return (1 << reg) & (BIT(BPF_REG_5) |
			     BIT(AUX_REG) |
			     BIT(BPF_REG_7) |
			     BIT(BPF_REG_8) |
			     BIT(BPF_REG_9) |
			     BIT(X86_REG_R9) |
			     BIT(BPF_REG_AX));
}

/*
 * is_ereg_8l() == true if BPF register 'reg' is mapped to access x86-64
 * lower 8-bit registers dil,sil,bpl,spl,r8b..r15b, which need extra byte
 * of encoding. al,cl,dl,bl have simpler encoding.
 */
static bool is_ereg_8l(u32 reg)
{
	return is_ereg(reg) ||
	    (1 << reg) & (BIT(BPF_REG_1) |
			  BIT(BPF_REG_2) |
			  BIT(BPF_REG_FP));
}

static bool is_axreg(u32 reg)
{
	return reg == BPF_REG_0;
}

/* Add modifiers if 'reg' maps to x86-64 registers R8..R15 */
static u8 add_1mod(u8 byte, u32 reg)
{
	if (is_ereg(reg))
		byte |= 1;
	return byte;
}

static u8 add_2mod(u8 byte, u32 r1, u32 r2)
{
	if (is_ereg(r1))
		byte |= 1;
	if (is_ereg(r2))
		byte |= 4;
	return byte;
}

/* Encode 'dst_reg' register into x86-64 opcode 'byte' */
static u8 add_1reg(u8 byte, u32 dst_reg)
{
	return byte + reg2hex[dst_reg];
}

/* Encode 'dst_reg' and 'src_reg' registers into x86-64 opcode 'byte' */
static u8 add_2reg(u8 byte, u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg)
{
	return byte + reg2hex[dst_reg] + (reg2hex[src_reg] << 3);
}

/* Some 1-byte opcodes for binary ALU operations */
static u8 simple_alu_opcodes[] = {
	[BPF_ADD] = 0x01,
	[BPF_SUB] = 0x29,
	[BPF_AND] = 0x21,
	[BPF_OR] = 0x09,
	[BPF_XOR] = 0x31,
	[BPF_LSH] = 0xE0,
	[BPF_RSH] = 0xE8,
	[BPF_ARSH] = 0xF8,
};

static void jit_fill_hole(void *area, unsigned int size)
{
	/* Fill whole space with INT3 instructions */
	memset(area, 0xcc, size);
}

struct jit_context {
	int cleanup_addr; /* Epilogue code offset */

	/*
	 * Program specific offsets of labels in the code; these rely on the
	 * JIT doing at least 2 passes, recording the position on the first
	 * pass, only to generate the correct offset on the second pass.
	 */
	int tail_call_direct_label;
	int tail_call_indirect_label;
};

/* Maximum number of bytes emitted while JITing one eBPF insn */
#define BPF_MAX_INSN_SIZE	128
#define BPF_INSN_SAFETY		64

/* Number of bytes emit_patch() needs to generate instructions */
#define X86_PATCH_SIZE		5
/* Number of bytes that will be skipped on tailcall */
#define X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET	(11 + ENDBR_INSN_SIZE)

static void push_callee_regs(u8 **pprog, bool *callee_regs_used)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (callee_regs_used[0])
		EMIT1(0x53);         /* push rbx */
	if (callee_regs_used[1])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x55);   /* push r13 */
	if (callee_regs_used[2])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x56);   /* push r14 */
	if (callee_regs_used[3])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x57);   /* push r15 */
	*pprog = prog;
}

static void pop_callee_regs(u8 **pprog, bool *callee_regs_used)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (callee_regs_used[3])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x5F);   /* pop r15 */
	if (callee_regs_used[2])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x5E);   /* pop r14 */
	if (callee_regs_used[1])
		EMIT2(0x41, 0x5D);   /* pop r13 */
	if (callee_regs_used[0])
		EMIT1(0x5B);         /* pop rbx */
	*pprog = prog;
}

/*
 * Emit x86-64 prologue code for BPF program.
 * bpf_tail_call helper will skip the first X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET bytes
 * while jumping to another program
 */
static void emit_prologue(u8 **pprog, u32 stack_depth, bool ebpf_from_cbpf,
			  bool tail_call_reachable, bool is_subprog)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	/* BPF trampoline can be made to work without these nops,
	 * but let's waste 5 bytes for now and optimize later
	 */
	EMIT_ENDBR();
	memcpy(prog, x86_nops[5], X86_PATCH_SIZE);
	prog += X86_PATCH_SIZE;
	if (!ebpf_from_cbpf) {
		if (tail_call_reachable && !is_subprog)
			EMIT2(0x31, 0xC0); /* xor eax, eax */
		else
			EMIT2(0x66, 0x90); /* nop2 */
	}
	EMIT1(0x55);             /* push rbp */
	EMIT3(0x48, 0x89, 0xE5); /* mov rbp, rsp */

	/* X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET is here */
	EMIT_ENDBR();

	/* sub rsp, rounded_stack_depth */
	if (stack_depth)
		EMIT3_off32(0x48, 0x81, 0xEC, round_up(stack_depth, 8));
	if (tail_call_reachable)
		EMIT1(0x50);         /* push rax */
	*pprog = prog;
}

static int emit_patch(u8 **pprog, void *func, void *ip, u8 opcode)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	s64 offset;

	offset = func - (ip + X86_PATCH_SIZE);
	if (!is_simm32(offset)) {
		pr_err("Target call %p is out of range\n", func);
		return -ERANGE;
	}
	EMIT1_off32(opcode, offset);
	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static int emit_call(u8 **pprog, void *func, void *ip)
{
	return emit_patch(pprog, func, ip, 0xE8);
}

static int emit_jump(u8 **pprog, void *func, void *ip)
{
	return emit_patch(pprog, func, ip, 0xE9);
}

static int __bpf_arch_text_poke(void *ip, enum bpf_text_poke_type t,
				void *old_addr, void *new_addr)
{
	const u8 *nop_insn = x86_nops[5];
	u8 old_insn[X86_PATCH_SIZE];
	u8 new_insn[X86_PATCH_SIZE];
	u8 *prog;
	int ret;

	memcpy(old_insn, nop_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
	if (old_addr) {
		prog = old_insn;
		ret = t == BPF_MOD_CALL ?
		      emit_call(&prog, old_addr, ip) :
		      emit_jump(&prog, old_addr, ip);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	memcpy(new_insn, nop_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
	if (new_addr) {
		prog = new_insn;
		ret = t == BPF_MOD_CALL ?
		      emit_call(&prog, new_addr, ip) :
		      emit_jump(&prog, new_addr, ip);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	ret = -EBUSY;
	mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
	if (memcmp(ip, old_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE))
		goto out;
	ret = 1;
	if (memcmp(ip, new_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE)) {
		text_poke_bp(ip, new_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE, NULL);
		ret = 0;
	}
out:
	mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
	return ret;
}

int bpf_arch_text_poke(void *ip, enum bpf_text_poke_type t,
		       void *old_addr, void *new_addr)
{
	if (!is_kernel_text((long)ip) &&
	    !is_bpf_text_address((long)ip))
		/* BPF poking in modules is not supported */
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * See emit_prologue(), for IBT builds the trampoline hook is preceded
	 * with an ENDBR instruction.
	 */
	if (is_endbr(*(u32 *)ip))
		ip += ENDBR_INSN_SIZE;

	return __bpf_arch_text_poke(ip, t, old_addr, new_addr);
}

#define EMIT_LFENCE()	EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAE, 0xE8)

static void emit_indirect_jump(u8 **pprog, int reg, u8 *ip)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)) {
		EMIT_LFENCE();
		EMIT2(0xFF, 0xE0 + reg);
	} else if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE)) {
		OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(reg);
		emit_jump(&prog, &__x86_indirect_thunk_array[reg], ip);
	} else
#endif
	EMIT2(0xFF, 0xE0 + reg);

	*pprog = prog;
}

/*
 * Generate the following code:
 *
 * ... bpf_tail_call(void *ctx, struct bpf_array *array, u64 index) ...
 *   if (index >= array->map.max_entries)
 *     goto out;
 *   if (tail_call_cnt++ >= MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT)
 *     goto out;
 *   prog = array->ptrs[index];
 *   if (prog == NULL)
 *     goto out;
 *   goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size);
 * out:
 */
static void emit_bpf_tail_call_indirect(u8 **pprog, bool *callee_regs_used,
					u32 stack_depth, u8 *ip,
					struct jit_context *ctx)
{
	int tcc_off = -4 - round_up(stack_depth, 8);
	u8 *prog = *pprog, *start = *pprog;
	int offset;

	/*
	 * rdi - pointer to ctx
	 * rsi - pointer to bpf_array
	 * rdx - index in bpf_array
	 */

	/*
	 * if (index >= array->map.max_entries)
	 *	goto out;
	 */
	EMIT2(0x89, 0xD2);                        /* mov edx, edx */
	EMIT3(0x39, 0x56,                         /* cmp dword ptr [rsi + 16], edx */
	      offsetof(struct bpf_array, map.max_entries));

	offset = ctx->tail_call_indirect_label - (prog + 2 - start);
	EMIT2(X86_JBE, offset);                   /* jbe out */

	/*
	 * if (tail_call_cnt++ >= MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT)
	 *	goto out;
	 */
	EMIT2_off32(0x8B, 0x85, tcc_off);         /* mov eax, dword ptr [rbp - tcc_off] */
	EMIT3(0x83, 0xF8, MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT);     /* cmp eax, MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT */

	offset = ctx->tail_call_indirect_label - (prog + 2 - start);
	EMIT2(X86_JAE, offset);                   /* jae out */
	EMIT3(0x83, 0xC0, 0x01);                  /* add eax, 1 */
	EMIT2_off32(0x89, 0x85, tcc_off);         /* mov dword ptr [rbp - tcc_off], eax */

	/* prog = array->ptrs[index]; */
	EMIT4_off32(0x48, 0x8B, 0x8C, 0xD6,       /* mov rcx, [rsi + rdx * 8 + offsetof(...)] */
		    offsetof(struct bpf_array, ptrs));

	/*
	 * if (prog == NULL)
	 *	goto out;
	 */
	EMIT3(0x48, 0x85, 0xC9);                  /* test rcx,rcx */

	offset = ctx->tail_call_indirect_label - (prog + 2 - start);
	EMIT2(X86_JE, offset);                    /* je out */

	pop_callee_regs(&prog, callee_regs_used);

	EMIT1(0x58);                              /* pop rax */
	if (stack_depth)
		EMIT3_off32(0x48, 0x81, 0xC4,     /* add rsp, sd */
			    round_up(stack_depth, 8));

	/* goto *(prog->bpf_func + X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET); */
	EMIT4(0x48, 0x8B, 0x49,                   /* mov rcx, qword ptr [rcx + 32] */
	      offsetof(struct bpf_prog, bpf_func));
	EMIT4(0x48, 0x83, 0xC1,                   /* add rcx, X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET */
	      X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET);
	/*
	 * Now we're ready to jump into next BPF program
	 * rdi == ctx (1st arg)
	 * rcx == prog->bpf_func + X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET
	 */
	emit_indirect_jump(&prog, 1 /* rcx */, ip + (prog - start));

	/* out: */
	ctx->tail_call_indirect_label = prog - start;
	*pprog = prog;
}

static void emit_bpf_tail_call_direct(struct bpf_jit_poke_descriptor *poke,
				      u8 **pprog, u8 *ip,
				      bool *callee_regs_used, u32 stack_depth,
				      struct jit_context *ctx)
{
	int tcc_off = -4 - round_up(stack_depth, 8);
	u8 *prog = *pprog, *start = *pprog;
	int offset;

	/*
	 * if (tail_call_cnt++ >= MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT)
	 *	goto out;
	 */
	EMIT2_off32(0x8B, 0x85, tcc_off);             /* mov eax, dword ptr [rbp - tcc_off] */
	EMIT3(0x83, 0xF8, MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT);         /* cmp eax, MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT */

	offset = ctx->tail_call_direct_label - (prog + 2 - start);
	EMIT2(X86_JAE, offset);                       /* jae out */
	EMIT3(0x83, 0xC0, 0x01);                      /* add eax, 1 */
	EMIT2_off32(0x89, 0x85, tcc_off);             /* mov dword ptr [rbp - tcc_off], eax */

	poke->tailcall_bypass = ip + (prog - start);
	poke->adj_off = X86_TAIL_CALL_OFFSET;
	poke->tailcall_target = ip + ctx->tail_call_direct_label - X86_PATCH_SIZE;
	poke->bypass_addr = (u8 *)poke->tailcall_target + X86_PATCH_SIZE;

	emit_jump(&prog, (u8 *)poke->tailcall_target + X86_PATCH_SIZE,
		  poke->tailcall_bypass);

	pop_callee_regs(&prog, callee_regs_used);
	EMIT1(0x58);                                  /* pop rax */
	if (stack_depth)
		EMIT3_off32(0x48, 0x81, 0xC4, round_up(stack_depth, 8));

	memcpy(prog, x86_nops[5], X86_PATCH_SIZE);
	prog += X86_PATCH_SIZE;

	/* out: */
	ctx->tail_call_direct_label = prog - start;

	*pprog = prog;
}

static void bpf_tail_call_direct_fixup(struct bpf_prog *prog)
{
	struct bpf_jit_poke_descriptor *poke;
	struct bpf_array *array;
	struct bpf_prog *target;
	int i, ret;

	for (i = 0; i < prog->aux->size_poke_tab; i++) {
		poke = &prog->aux->poke_tab[i];
		if (poke->aux && poke->aux != prog->aux)
			continue;

		WARN_ON_ONCE(READ_ONCE(poke->tailcall_target_stable));

		if (poke->reason != BPF_POKE_REASON_TAIL_CALL)
			continue;

		array = container_of(poke->tail_call.map, struct bpf_array, map);
		mutex_lock(&array->aux->poke_mutex);
		target = array->ptrs[poke->tail_call.key];
		if (target) {
			ret = __bpf_arch_text_poke(poke->tailcall_target,
						   BPF_MOD_JUMP, NULL,
						   (u8 *)target->bpf_func +
						   poke->adj_off);
			BUG_ON(ret < 0);
			ret = __bpf_arch_text_poke(poke->tailcall_bypass,
						   BPF_MOD_JUMP,
						   (u8 *)poke->tailcall_target +
						   X86_PATCH_SIZE, NULL);
			BUG_ON(ret < 0);
		}
		WRITE_ONCE(poke->tailcall_target_stable, true);
		mutex_unlock(&array->aux->poke_mutex);
	}
}

static void emit_mov_imm32(u8 **pprog, bool sign_propagate,
			   u32 dst_reg, const u32 imm32)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	u8 b1, b2, b3;

	/*
	 * Optimization: if imm32 is positive, use 'mov %eax, imm32'
	 * (which zero-extends imm32) to save 2 bytes.
	 */
	if (sign_propagate && (s32)imm32 < 0) {
		/* 'mov %rax, imm32' sign extends imm32 */
		b1 = add_1mod(0x48, dst_reg);
		b2 = 0xC7;
		b3 = 0xC0;
		EMIT3_off32(b1, b2, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg), imm32);
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * Optimization: if imm32 is zero, use 'xor %eax, %eax'
	 * to save 3 bytes.
	 */
	if (imm32 == 0) {
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
			EMIT1(add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, dst_reg));
		b2 = 0x31; /* xor */
		b3 = 0xC0;
		EMIT2(b2, add_2reg(b3, dst_reg, dst_reg));
		goto done;
	}

	/* mov %eax, imm32 */
	if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
		EMIT1(add_1mod(0x40, dst_reg));
	EMIT1_off32(add_1reg(0xB8, dst_reg), imm32);
done:
	*pprog = prog;
}

static void emit_mov_imm64(u8 **pprog, u32 dst_reg,
			   const u32 imm32_hi, const u32 imm32_lo)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (is_uimm32(((u64)imm32_hi << 32) | (u32)imm32_lo)) {
		/*
		 * For emitting plain u32, where sign bit must not be
		 * propagated LLVM tends to load imm64 over mov32
		 * directly, so save couple of bytes by just doing
		 * 'mov %eax, imm32' instead.
		 */
		emit_mov_imm32(&prog, false, dst_reg, imm32_lo);
	} else {
		/* movabsq %rax, imm64 */
		EMIT2(add_1mod(0x48, dst_reg), add_1reg(0xB8, dst_reg));
		EMIT(imm32_lo, 4);
		EMIT(imm32_hi, 4);
	}

	*pprog = prog;
}

static void emit_mov_reg(u8 **pprog, bool is64, u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (is64) {
		/* mov dst, src */
		EMIT_mov(dst_reg, src_reg);
	} else {
		/* mov32 dst, src */
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg(src_reg))
			EMIT1(add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, src_reg));
		EMIT2(0x89, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, src_reg));
	}

	*pprog = prog;
}

/* Emit the suffix (ModR/M etc) for addressing *(ptr_reg + off) and val_reg */
static void emit_insn_suffix(u8 **pprog, u32 ptr_reg, u32 val_reg, int off)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (is_imm8(off)) {
		/* 1-byte signed displacement.
		 *
		 * If off == 0 we could skip this and save one extra byte, but
		 * special case of x86 R13 which always needs an offset is not
		 * worth the hassle
		 */
		EMIT2(add_2reg(0x40, ptr_reg, val_reg), off);
	} else {
		/* 4-byte signed displacement */
		EMIT1_off32(add_2reg(0x80, ptr_reg, val_reg), off);
	}
	*pprog = prog;
}

/*
 * Emit a REX byte if it will be necessary to address these registers
 */
static void maybe_emit_mod(u8 **pprog, u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg, bool is64)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (is64)
		EMIT1(add_2mod(0x48, dst_reg, src_reg));
	else if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg(src_reg))
		EMIT1(add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, src_reg));
	*pprog = prog;
}

/*
 * Similar version of maybe_emit_mod() for a single register
 */
static void maybe_emit_1mod(u8 **pprog, u32 reg, bool is64)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	if (is64)
		EMIT1(add_1mod(0x48, reg));
	else if (is_ereg(reg))
		EMIT1(add_1mod(0x40, reg));
	*pprog = prog;
}

/* LDX: dst_reg = *(u8*)(src_reg + off) */
static void emit_ldx(u8 **pprog, u32 size, u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg, int off)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	switch (size) {
	case BPF_B:
		/* Emit 'movzx rax, byte ptr [rax + off]' */
		EMIT3(add_2mod(0x48, src_reg, dst_reg), 0x0F, 0xB6);
		break;
	case BPF_H:
		/* Emit 'movzx rax, word ptr [rax + off]' */
		EMIT3(add_2mod(0x48, src_reg, dst_reg), 0x0F, 0xB7);
		break;
	case BPF_W:
		/* Emit 'mov eax, dword ptr [rax+0x14]' */
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg(src_reg))
			EMIT2(add_2mod(0x40, src_reg, dst_reg), 0x8B);
		else
			EMIT1(0x8B);
		break;
	case BPF_DW:
		/* Emit 'mov rax, qword ptr [rax+0x14]' */
		EMIT2(add_2mod(0x48, src_reg, dst_reg), 0x8B);
		break;
	}
	emit_insn_suffix(&prog, src_reg, dst_reg, off);
	*pprog = prog;
}

/* STX: *(u8*)(dst_reg + off) = src_reg */
static void emit_stx(u8 **pprog, u32 size, u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg, int off)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	switch (size) {
	case BPF_B:
		/* Emit 'mov byte ptr [rax + off], al' */
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg_8l(src_reg))
			/* Add extra byte for eregs or SIL,DIL,BPL in src_reg */
			EMIT2(add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, src_reg), 0x88);
		else
			EMIT1(0x88);
		break;
	case BPF_H:
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg(src_reg))
			EMIT3(0x66, add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, src_reg), 0x89);
		else
			EMIT2(0x66, 0x89);
		break;
	case BPF_W:
		if (is_ereg(dst_reg) || is_ereg(src_reg))
			EMIT2(add_2mod(0x40, dst_reg, src_reg), 0x89);
		else
			EMIT1(0x89);
		break;
	case BPF_DW:
		EMIT2(add_2mod(0x48, dst_reg, src_reg), 0x89);
		break;
	}
	emit_insn_suffix(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg, off);
	*pprog = prog;
}

static int emit_atomic(u8 **pprog, u8 atomic_op,
		       u32 dst_reg, u32 src_reg, s16 off, u8 bpf_size)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	EMIT1(0xF0); /* lock prefix */

	maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg, bpf_size == BPF_DW);

	/* emit opcode */
	switch (atomic_op) {
	case BPF_ADD:
	case BPF_AND:
	case BPF_OR:
	case BPF_XOR:
		/* lock *(u32/u64*)(dst_reg + off) <op>= src_reg */
		EMIT1(simple_alu_opcodes[atomic_op]);
		break;
	case BPF_ADD | BPF_FETCH:
		/* src_reg = atomic_fetch_add(dst_reg + off, src_reg); */
		EMIT2(0x0F, 0xC1);
		break;
	case BPF_XCHG:
		/* src_reg = atomic_xchg(dst_reg + off, src_reg); */
		EMIT1(0x87);
		break;
	case BPF_CMPXCHG:
		/* r0 = atomic_cmpxchg(dst_reg + off, r0, src_reg); */
		EMIT2(0x0F, 0xB1);
		break;
	default:
		pr_err("bpf_jit: unknown atomic opcode %02x\n", atomic_op);
		return -EFAULT;
	}

	emit_insn_suffix(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg, off);

	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

bool ex_handler_bpf(const struct exception_table_entry *x, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	u32 reg = x->fixup >> 8;

	/* jump over faulting load and clear dest register */
	*(unsigned long *)((void *)regs + reg) = 0;
	regs->ip += x->fixup & 0xff;
	return true;
}

static void detect_reg_usage(struct bpf_insn *insn, int insn_cnt,
			     bool *regs_used, bool *tail_call_seen)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 1; i <= insn_cnt; i++, insn++) {
		if (insn->code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_TAIL_CALL))
			*tail_call_seen = true;
		if (insn->dst_reg == BPF_REG_6 || insn->src_reg == BPF_REG_6)
			regs_used[0] = true;
		if (insn->dst_reg == BPF_REG_7 || insn->src_reg == BPF_REG_7)
			regs_used[1] = true;
		if (insn->dst_reg == BPF_REG_8 || insn->src_reg == BPF_REG_8)
			regs_used[2] = true;
		if (insn->dst_reg == BPF_REG_9 || insn->src_reg == BPF_REG_9)
			regs_used[3] = true;
	}
}

static void emit_nops(u8 **pprog, int len)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	int i, noplen;

	while (len > 0) {
		noplen = len;

		if (noplen > ASM_NOP_MAX)
			noplen = ASM_NOP_MAX;

		for (i = 0; i < noplen; i++)
			EMIT1(x86_nops[noplen][i]);
		len -= noplen;
	}

	*pprog = prog;
}

#define INSN_SZ_DIFF (((addrs[i] - addrs[i - 1]) - (prog - temp)))

static int do_jit(struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog, int *addrs, u8 *image, u8 *rw_image,
		  int oldproglen, struct jit_context *ctx, bool jmp_padding)
{
	bool tail_call_reachable = bpf_prog->aux->tail_call_reachable;
	struct bpf_insn *insn = bpf_prog->insnsi;
	bool callee_regs_used[4] = {};
	int insn_cnt = bpf_prog->len;
	bool tail_call_seen = false;
	bool seen_exit = false;
	u8 temp[BPF_MAX_INSN_SIZE + BPF_INSN_SAFETY];
	int i, excnt = 0;
	int ilen, proglen = 0;
	u8 *prog = temp;
	int err;

	detect_reg_usage(insn, insn_cnt, callee_regs_used,
			 &tail_call_seen);

	/* tail call's presence in current prog implies it is reachable */
	tail_call_reachable |= tail_call_seen;

	emit_prologue(&prog, bpf_prog->aux->stack_depth,
		      bpf_prog_was_classic(bpf_prog), tail_call_reachable,
		      bpf_prog->aux->func_idx != 0);
	push_callee_regs(&prog, callee_regs_used);

	ilen = prog - temp;
	if (rw_image)
		memcpy(rw_image + proglen, temp, ilen);
	proglen += ilen;
	addrs[0] = proglen;
	prog = temp;

	for (i = 1; i <= insn_cnt; i++, insn++) {
		const s32 imm32 = insn->imm;
		u32 dst_reg = insn->dst_reg;
		u32 src_reg = insn->src_reg;
		u8 b2 = 0, b3 = 0;
		u8 *start_of_ldx;
		s64 jmp_offset;
		u8 jmp_cond;
		u8 *func;
		int nops;

		switch (insn->code) {
			/* ALU */
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_ADD | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_SUB | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_AND | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_OR | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_XOR | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_ADD | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_SUB | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_AND | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_OR | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_XOR | BPF_X:
			maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg,
				       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);
			b2 = simple_alu_opcodes[BPF_OP(insn->code)];
			EMIT2(b2, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, src_reg));
			break;

		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_X:
			emit_mov_reg(&prog,
				     BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64,
				     dst_reg, src_reg);
			break;

			/* neg dst */
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_NEG:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_NEG:
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);
			EMIT2(0xF7, add_1reg(0xD8, dst_reg));
			break;

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_ADD | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_SUB | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_AND | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_OR | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_XOR | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_ADD | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_SUB | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_AND | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_OR | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_XOR | BPF_K:
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);

			/*
			 * b3 holds 'normal' opcode, b2 short form only valid
			 * in case dst is eax/rax.
			 */
			switch (BPF_OP(insn->code)) {
			case BPF_ADD:
				b3 = 0xC0;
				b2 = 0x05;
				break;
			case BPF_SUB:
				b3 = 0xE8;
				b2 = 0x2D;
				break;
			case BPF_AND:
				b3 = 0xE0;
				b2 = 0x25;
				break;
			case BPF_OR:
				b3 = 0xC8;
				b2 = 0x0D;
				break;
			case BPF_XOR:
				b3 = 0xF0;
				b2 = 0x35;
				break;
			}

			if (is_imm8(imm32))
				EMIT3(0x83, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg), imm32);
			else if (is_axreg(dst_reg))
				EMIT1_off32(b2, imm32);
			else
				EMIT2_off32(0x81, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg), imm32);
			break;

		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_K:
			emit_mov_imm32(&prog, BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64,
				       dst_reg, imm32);
			break;

		case BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW:
			emit_mov_imm64(&prog, dst_reg, insn[1].imm, insn[0].imm);
			insn++;
			i++;
			break;

			/* dst %= src, dst /= src, dst %= imm32, dst /= imm32 */
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MOD | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_DIV | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MOD | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_DIV | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOD | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_DIV | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOD | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_DIV | BPF_K: {
			bool is64 = BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64;

			if (dst_reg != BPF_REG_0)
				EMIT1(0x50); /* push rax */
			if (dst_reg != BPF_REG_3)
				EMIT1(0x52); /* push rdx */

			if (BPF_SRC(insn->code) == BPF_X) {
				if (src_reg == BPF_REG_0 ||
				    src_reg == BPF_REG_3) {
					/* mov r11, src_reg */
					EMIT_mov(AUX_REG, src_reg);
					src_reg = AUX_REG;
				}
			} else {
				/* mov r11, imm32 */
				EMIT3_off32(0x49, 0xC7, 0xC3, imm32);
				src_reg = AUX_REG;
			}

			if (dst_reg != BPF_REG_0)
				/* mov rax, dst_reg */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, is64, BPF_REG_0, dst_reg);

			/*
			 * xor edx, edx
			 * equivalent to 'xor rdx, rdx', but one byte less
			 */
			EMIT2(0x31, 0xd2);

			/* div src_reg */
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, src_reg, is64);
			EMIT2(0xF7, add_1reg(0xF0, src_reg));

			if (BPF_OP(insn->code) == BPF_MOD &&
			    dst_reg != BPF_REG_3)
				/* mov dst_reg, rdx */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, is64, dst_reg, BPF_REG_3);
			else if (BPF_OP(insn->code) == BPF_DIV &&
				 dst_reg != BPF_REG_0)
				/* mov dst_reg, rax */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, is64, dst_reg, BPF_REG_0);

			if (dst_reg != BPF_REG_3)
				EMIT1(0x5A); /* pop rdx */
			if (dst_reg != BPF_REG_0)
				EMIT1(0x58); /* pop rax */
			break;
		}

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MUL | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MUL | BPF_K:
			maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, dst_reg,
				       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);

			if (is_imm8(imm32))
				/* imul dst_reg, dst_reg, imm8 */
				EMIT3(0x6B, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg),
				      imm32);
			else
				/* imul dst_reg, dst_reg, imm32 */
				EMIT2_off32(0x69,
					    add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg),
					    imm32);
			break;

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_MUL | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MUL | BPF_X:
			maybe_emit_mod(&prog, src_reg, dst_reg,
				       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);

			/* imul dst_reg, src_reg */
			EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAF, add_2reg(0xC0, src_reg, dst_reg));
			break;

			/* Shifts */
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_LSH | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_RSH | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_ARSH | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_LSH | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_RSH | BPF_K:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_ARSH | BPF_K:
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);

			b3 = simple_alu_opcodes[BPF_OP(insn->code)];
			if (imm32 == 1)
				EMIT2(0xD1, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg));
			else
				EMIT3(0xC1, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg), imm32);
			break;

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_LSH | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_RSH | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU | BPF_ARSH | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_LSH | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_RSH | BPF_X:
		case BPF_ALU64 | BPF_ARSH | BPF_X:

			/* Check for bad case when dst_reg == rcx */
			if (dst_reg == BPF_REG_4) {
				/* mov r11, dst_reg */
				EMIT_mov(AUX_REG, dst_reg);
				dst_reg = AUX_REG;
			}

			if (src_reg != BPF_REG_4) { /* common case */
				EMIT1(0x51); /* push rcx */

				/* mov rcx, src_reg */
				EMIT_mov(BPF_REG_4, src_reg);
			}

			/* shl %rax, %cl | shr %rax, %cl | sar %rax, %cl */
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_ALU64);

			b3 = simple_alu_opcodes[BPF_OP(insn->code)];
			EMIT2(0xD3, add_1reg(b3, dst_reg));

			if (src_reg != BPF_REG_4)
				EMIT1(0x59); /* pop rcx */

			if (insn->dst_reg == BPF_REG_4)
				/* mov dst_reg, r11 */
				EMIT_mov(insn->dst_reg, AUX_REG);
			break;

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_END | BPF_FROM_BE:
			switch (imm32) {
			case 16:
				/* Emit 'ror %ax, 8' to swap lower 2 bytes */
				EMIT1(0x66);
				if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
					EMIT1(0x41);
				EMIT3(0xC1, add_1reg(0xC8, dst_reg), 8);

				/* Emit 'movzwl eax, ax' */
				if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
					EMIT3(0x45, 0x0F, 0xB7);
				else
					EMIT2(0x0F, 0xB7);
				EMIT1(add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg));
				break;
			case 32:
				/* Emit 'bswap eax' to swap lower 4 bytes */
				if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
					EMIT2(0x41, 0x0F);
				else
					EMIT1(0x0F);
				EMIT1(add_1reg(0xC8, dst_reg));
				break;
			case 64:
				/* Emit 'bswap rax' to swap 8 bytes */
				EMIT3(add_1mod(0x48, dst_reg), 0x0F,
				      add_1reg(0xC8, dst_reg));
				break;
			}
			break;

		case BPF_ALU | BPF_END | BPF_FROM_LE:
			switch (imm32) {
			case 16:
				/*
				 * Emit 'movzwl eax, ax' to zero extend 16-bit
				 * into 64 bit
				 */
				if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
					EMIT3(0x45, 0x0F, 0xB7);
				else
					EMIT2(0x0F, 0xB7);
				EMIT1(add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg));
				break;
			case 32:
				/* Emit 'mov eax, eax' to clear upper 32-bits */
				if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
					EMIT1(0x45);
				EMIT2(0x89, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg));
				break;
			case 64:
				/* nop */
				break;
			}
			break;

			/* speculation barrier */
		case BPF_ST | BPF_NOSPEC:
			if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
				EMIT_LFENCE();
			break;

			/* ST: *(u8*)(dst_reg + off) = imm */
		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
			if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
				EMIT2(0x41, 0xC6);
			else
				EMIT1(0xC6);
			goto st;
		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
			if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
				EMIT3(0x66, 0x41, 0xC7);
			else
				EMIT2(0x66, 0xC7);
			goto st;
		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
			if (is_ereg(dst_reg))
				EMIT2(0x41, 0xC7);
			else
				EMIT1(0xC7);
			goto st;
		case BPF_ST | BPF_MEM | BPF_DW:
			EMIT2(add_1mod(0x48, dst_reg), 0xC7);

st:			if (is_imm8(insn->off))
				EMIT2(add_1reg(0x40, dst_reg), insn->off);
			else
				EMIT1_off32(add_1reg(0x80, dst_reg), insn->off);

			EMIT(imm32, bpf_size_to_x86_bytes(BPF_SIZE(insn->code)));
			break;

			/* STX: *(u8*)(dst_reg + off) = src_reg */
		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
		case BPF_STX | BPF_MEM | BPF_DW:
			emit_stx(&prog, BPF_SIZE(insn->code), dst_reg, src_reg, insn->off);
			break;

			/* LDX: dst_reg = *(u8*)(src_reg + off) */
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_MEM | BPF_B:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_PROBE_MEM | BPF_B:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_MEM | BPF_H:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_PROBE_MEM | BPF_H:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_MEM | BPF_W:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_PROBE_MEM | BPF_W:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_MEM | BPF_DW:
		case BPF_LDX | BPF_PROBE_MEM | BPF_DW:
			if (BPF_MODE(insn->code) == BPF_PROBE_MEM) {
				/* Though the verifier prevents negative insn->off in BPF_PROBE_MEM
				 * add abs(insn->off) to the limit to make sure that negative
				 * offset won't be an issue.
				 * insn->off is s16, so it won't affect valid pointers.
				 */
				u64 limit = TASK_SIZE_MAX + PAGE_SIZE + abs(insn->off);
				u8 *end_of_jmp1, *end_of_jmp2;

				/* Conservatively check that src_reg + insn->off is a kernel address:
				 * 1. src_reg + insn->off >= limit
				 * 2. src_reg + insn->off doesn't become small positive.
				 * Cannot do src_reg + insn->off >= limit in one branch,
				 * since it needs two spare registers, but JIT has only one.
				 */

				/* movabsq r11, limit */
				EMIT2(add_1mod(0x48, AUX_REG), add_1reg(0xB8, AUX_REG));
				EMIT((u32)limit, 4);
				EMIT(limit >> 32, 4);
				/* cmp src_reg, r11 */
				maybe_emit_mod(&prog, src_reg, AUX_REG, true);
				EMIT2(0x39, add_2reg(0xC0, src_reg, AUX_REG));
				/* if unsigned '<' goto end_of_jmp2 */
				EMIT2(X86_JB, 0);
				end_of_jmp1 = prog;

				/* mov r11, src_reg */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, true, AUX_REG, src_reg);
				/* add r11, insn->off */
				maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, AUX_REG, true);
				EMIT2_off32(0x81, add_1reg(0xC0, AUX_REG), insn->off);
				/* jmp if not carry to start_of_ldx
				 * Otherwise ERR_PTR(-EINVAL) + 128 will be the user addr
				 * that has to be rejected.
				 */
				EMIT2(0x73 /* JNC */, 0);
				end_of_jmp2 = prog;

				/* xor dst_reg, dst_reg */
				emit_mov_imm32(&prog, false, dst_reg, 0);
				/* jmp byte_after_ldx */
				EMIT2(0xEB, 0);

				/* populate jmp_offset for JB above to jump to xor dst_reg */
				end_of_jmp1[-1] = end_of_jmp2 - end_of_jmp1;
				/* populate jmp_offset for JNC above to jump to start_of_ldx */
				start_of_ldx = prog;
				end_of_jmp2[-1] = start_of_ldx - end_of_jmp2;
			}
			emit_ldx(&prog, BPF_SIZE(insn->code), dst_reg, src_reg, insn->off);
			if (BPF_MODE(insn->code) == BPF_PROBE_MEM) {
				struct exception_table_entry *ex;
				u8 *_insn = image + proglen + (start_of_ldx - temp);
				s64 delta;

				/* populate jmp_offset for JMP above */
				start_of_ldx[-1] = prog - start_of_ldx;

				if (!bpf_prog->aux->extable)
					break;

				if (excnt >= bpf_prog->aux->num_exentries) {
					pr_err("ex gen bug\n");
					return -EFAULT;
				}
				ex = &bpf_prog->aux->extable[excnt++];

				delta = _insn - (u8 *)&ex->insn;
				if (!is_simm32(delta)) {
					pr_err("extable->insn doesn't fit into 32-bit\n");
					return -EFAULT;
				}
				/* switch ex to rw buffer for writes */
				ex = (void *)rw_image + ((void *)ex - (void *)image);

				ex->insn = delta;

				ex->data = EX_TYPE_BPF;

				if (dst_reg > BPF_REG_9) {
					pr_err("verifier error\n");
					return -EFAULT;
				}
				/*
				 * Compute size of x86 insn and its target dest x86 register.
				 * ex_handler_bpf() will use lower 8 bits to adjust
				 * pt_regs->ip to jump over this x86 instruction
				 * and upper bits to figure out which pt_regs to zero out.
				 * End result: x86 insn "mov rbx, qword ptr [rax+0x14]"
				 * of 4 bytes will be ignored and rbx will be zero inited.
				 */
				ex->fixup = (prog - start_of_ldx) | (reg2pt_regs[dst_reg] << 8);
			}
			break;

		case BPF_STX | BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_W:
		case BPF_STX | BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_DW:
			if (insn->imm == (BPF_AND | BPF_FETCH) ||
			    insn->imm == (BPF_OR | BPF_FETCH) ||
			    insn->imm == (BPF_XOR | BPF_FETCH)) {
				bool is64 = BPF_SIZE(insn->code) == BPF_DW;
				u32 real_src_reg = src_reg;
				u32 real_dst_reg = dst_reg;
				u8 *branch_target;

				/*
				 * Can't be implemented with a single x86 insn.
				 * Need to do a CMPXCHG loop.
				 */

				/* Will need RAX as a CMPXCHG operand so save R0 */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, true, BPF_REG_AX, BPF_REG_0);
				if (src_reg == BPF_REG_0)
					real_src_reg = BPF_REG_AX;
				if (dst_reg == BPF_REG_0)
					real_dst_reg = BPF_REG_AX;

				branch_target = prog;
				/* Load old value */
				emit_ldx(&prog, BPF_SIZE(insn->code),
					 BPF_REG_0, real_dst_reg, insn->off);
				/*
				 * Perform the (commutative) operation locally,
				 * put the result in the AUX_REG.
				 */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, is64, AUX_REG, BPF_REG_0);
				maybe_emit_mod(&prog, AUX_REG, real_src_reg, is64);
				EMIT2(simple_alu_opcodes[BPF_OP(insn->imm)],
				      add_2reg(0xC0, AUX_REG, real_src_reg));
				/* Attempt to swap in new value */
				err = emit_atomic(&prog, BPF_CMPXCHG,
						  real_dst_reg, AUX_REG,
						  insn->off,
						  BPF_SIZE(insn->code));
				if (WARN_ON(err))
					return err;
				/*
				 * ZF tells us whether we won the race. If it's
				 * cleared we need to try again.
				 */
				EMIT2(X86_JNE, -(prog - branch_target) - 2);
				/* Return the pre-modification value */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, is64, real_src_reg, BPF_REG_0);
				/* Restore R0 after clobbering RAX */
				emit_mov_reg(&prog, true, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_AX);
				break;
			}

			err = emit_atomic(&prog, insn->imm, dst_reg, src_reg,
					  insn->off, BPF_SIZE(insn->code));
			if (err)
				return err;
			break;

			/* call */
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL:
			func = (u8 *) __bpf_call_base + imm32;
			if (tail_call_reachable) {
				EMIT3_off32(0x48, 0x8B, 0x85,
					    -(bpf_prog->aux->stack_depth + 8));
				if (!imm32 || emit_call(&prog, func, image + addrs[i - 1] + 7))
					return -EINVAL;
			} else {
				if (!imm32 || emit_call(&prog, func, image + addrs[i - 1]))
					return -EINVAL;
			}
			break;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_TAIL_CALL:
			if (imm32)
				emit_bpf_tail_call_direct(&bpf_prog->aux->poke_tab[imm32 - 1],
							  &prog, image + addrs[i - 1],
							  callee_regs_used,
							  bpf_prog->aux->stack_depth,
							  ctx);
			else
				emit_bpf_tail_call_indirect(&prog,
							    callee_regs_used,
							    bpf_prog->aux->stack_depth,
							    image + addrs[i - 1],
							    ctx);
			break;

			/* cond jump */
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JNE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JGT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JLT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JGE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JLE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSGT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSLT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSGE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSLE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JEQ | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JNE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JGT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JLT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JGE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JLE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSGT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSLT | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSGE | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSLE | BPF_X:
			/* cmp dst_reg, src_reg */
			maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg,
				       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP);
			EMIT2(0x39, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, src_reg));
			goto emit_cond_jmp;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSET | BPF_X:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSET | BPF_X:
			/* test dst_reg, src_reg */
			maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, src_reg,
				       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP);
			EMIT2(0x85, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, src_reg));
			goto emit_cond_jmp;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSET | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSET | BPF_K:
			/* test dst_reg, imm32 */
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP);
			EMIT2_off32(0xF7, add_1reg(0xC0, dst_reg), imm32);
			goto emit_cond_jmp;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JNE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JGT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JLT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JGE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JLE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSGT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSLT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSGE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JSLE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JNE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JGT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JLT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JGE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JLE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSGT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSLT | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSGE | BPF_K:
		case BPF_JMP32 | BPF_JSLE | BPF_K:
			/* test dst_reg, dst_reg to save one extra byte */
			if (imm32 == 0) {
				maybe_emit_mod(&prog, dst_reg, dst_reg,
					       BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP);
				EMIT2(0x85, add_2reg(0xC0, dst_reg, dst_reg));
				goto emit_cond_jmp;
			}

			/* cmp dst_reg, imm8/32 */
			maybe_emit_1mod(&prog, dst_reg,
					BPF_CLASS(insn->code) == BPF_JMP);

			if (is_imm8(imm32))
				EMIT3(0x83, add_1reg(0xF8, dst_reg), imm32);
			else
				EMIT2_off32(0x81, add_1reg(0xF8, dst_reg), imm32);

emit_cond_jmp:		/* Convert BPF opcode to x86 */
			switch (BPF_OP(insn->code)) {
			case BPF_JEQ:
				jmp_cond = X86_JE;
				break;
			case BPF_JSET:
			case BPF_JNE:
				jmp_cond = X86_JNE;
				break;
			case BPF_JGT:
				/* GT is unsigned '>', JA in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JA;
				break;
			case BPF_JLT:
				/* LT is unsigned '<', JB in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JB;
				break;
			case BPF_JGE:
				/* GE is unsigned '>=', JAE in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JAE;
				break;
			case BPF_JLE:
				/* LE is unsigned '<=', JBE in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JBE;
				break;
			case BPF_JSGT:
				/* Signed '>', GT in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JG;
				break;
			case BPF_JSLT:
				/* Signed '<', LT in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JL;
				break;
			case BPF_JSGE:
				/* Signed '>=', GE in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JGE;
				break;
			case BPF_JSLE:
				/* Signed '<=', LE in x86 */
				jmp_cond = X86_JLE;
				break;
			default: /* to silence GCC warning */
				return -EFAULT;
			}
			jmp_offset = addrs[i + insn->off] - addrs[i];
			if (is_imm8(jmp_offset)) {
				if (jmp_padding) {
					/* To keep the jmp_offset valid, the extra bytes are
					 * padded before the jump insn, so we subtract the
					 * 2 bytes of jmp_cond insn from INSN_SZ_DIFF.
					 *
					 * If the previous pass already emits an imm8
					 * jmp_cond, then this BPF insn won't shrink, so
					 * "nops" is 0.
					 *
					 * On the other hand, if the previous pass emits an
					 * imm32 jmp_cond, the extra 4 bytes(*) is padded to
					 * keep the image from shrinking further.
					 *
					 * (*) imm32 jmp_cond is 6 bytes, and imm8 jmp_cond
					 *     is 2 bytes, so the size difference is 4 bytes.
					 */
					nops = INSN_SZ_DIFF - 2;
					if (nops != 0 && nops != 4) {
						pr_err("unexpected jmp_cond padding: %d bytes\n",
						       nops);
						return -EFAULT;
					}
					emit_nops(&prog, nops);
				}
				EMIT2(jmp_cond, jmp_offset);
			} else if (is_simm32(jmp_offset)) {
				EMIT2_off32(0x0F, jmp_cond + 0x10, jmp_offset);
			} else {
				pr_err("cond_jmp gen bug %llx\n", jmp_offset);
				return -EFAULT;
			}

			break;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_JA:
			if (insn->off == -1)
				/* -1 jmp instructions will always jump
				 * backwards two bytes. Explicitly handling
				 * this case avoids wasting too many passes
				 * when there are long sequences of replaced
				 * dead code.
				 */
				jmp_offset = -2;
			else
				jmp_offset = addrs[i + insn->off] - addrs[i];

			if (!jmp_offset) {
				/*
				 * If jmp_padding is enabled, the extra nops will
				 * be inserted. Otherwise, optimize out nop jumps.
				 */
				if (jmp_padding) {
					/* There are 3 possible conditions.
					 * (1) This BPF_JA is already optimized out in
					 *     the previous run, so there is no need
					 *     to pad any extra byte (0 byte).
					 * (2) The previous pass emits an imm8 jmp,
					 *     so we pad 2 bytes to match the previous
					 *     insn size.
					 * (3) Similarly, the previous pass emits an
					 *     imm32 jmp, and 5 bytes is padded.
					 */
					nops = INSN_SZ_DIFF;
					if (nops != 0 && nops != 2 && nops != 5) {
						pr_err("unexpected nop jump padding: %d bytes\n",
						       nops);
						return -EFAULT;
					}
					emit_nops(&prog, nops);
				}
				break;
			}
emit_jmp:
			if (is_imm8(jmp_offset)) {
				if (jmp_padding) {
					/* To avoid breaking jmp_offset, the extra bytes
					 * are padded before the actual jmp insn, so
					 * 2 bytes is subtracted from INSN_SZ_DIFF.
					 *
					 * If the previous pass already emits an imm8
					 * jmp, there is nothing to pad (0 byte).
					 *
					 * If it emits an imm32 jmp (5 bytes) previously
					 * and now an imm8 jmp (2 bytes), then we pad
					 * (5 - 2 = 3) bytes to stop the image from
					 * shrinking further.
					 */
					nops = INSN_SZ_DIFF - 2;
					if (nops != 0 && nops != 3) {
						pr_err("unexpected jump padding: %d bytes\n",
						       nops);
						return -EFAULT;
					}
					emit_nops(&prog, INSN_SZ_DIFF - 2);
				}
				EMIT2(0xEB, jmp_offset);
			} else if (is_simm32(jmp_offset)) {
				EMIT1_off32(0xE9, jmp_offset);
			} else {
				pr_err("jmp gen bug %llx\n", jmp_offset);
				return -EFAULT;
			}
			break;

		case BPF_JMP | BPF_EXIT:
			if (seen_exit) {
				jmp_offset = ctx->cleanup_addr - addrs[i];
				goto emit_jmp;
			}
			seen_exit = true;
			/* Update cleanup_addr */
			ctx->cleanup_addr = proglen;
			pop_callee_regs(&prog, callee_regs_used);
			EMIT1(0xC9);         /* leave */
			EMIT1(0xC3);         /* ret */
			break;

		default:
			/*
			 * By design x86-64 JIT should support all BPF instructions.
			 * This error will be seen if new instruction was added
			 * to the interpreter, but not to the JIT, or if there is
			 * junk in bpf_prog.
			 */
			pr_err("bpf_jit: unknown opcode %02x\n", insn->code);
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		ilen = prog - temp;
		if (ilen > BPF_MAX_INSN_SIZE) {
			pr_err("bpf_jit: fatal insn size error\n");
			return -EFAULT;
		}

		if (image) {
			/*
			 * When populating the image, assert that:
			 *
			 *  i) We do not write beyond the allocated space, and
			 * ii) addrs[i] did not change from the prior run, in order
			 *     to validate assumptions made for computing branch
			 *     displacements.
			 */
			if (unlikely(proglen + ilen > oldproglen ||
				     proglen + ilen != addrs[i])) {
				pr_err("bpf_jit: fatal error\n");
				return -EFAULT;
			}
			memcpy(rw_image + proglen, temp, ilen);
		}
		proglen += ilen;
		addrs[i] = proglen;
		prog = temp;
	}

	if (image && excnt != bpf_prog->aux->num_exentries) {
		pr_err("extable is not populated\n");
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	return proglen;
}

static void save_regs(const struct btf_func_model *m, u8 **prog, int nr_args,
		      int stack_size)
{
	int i;
	/* Store function arguments to stack.
	 * For a function that accepts two pointers the sequence will be:
	 * mov QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10],rdi
	 * mov QWORD PTR [rbp-0x8],rsi
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < min(nr_args, 6); i++)
		emit_stx(prog, bytes_to_bpf_size(m->arg_size[i]),
			 BPF_REG_FP,
			 i == 5 ? X86_REG_R9 : BPF_REG_1 + i,
			 -(stack_size - i * 8));
}

static void restore_regs(const struct btf_func_model *m, u8 **prog, int nr_args,
			 int stack_size)
{
	int i;

	/* Restore function arguments from stack.
	 * For a function that accepts two pointers the sequence will be:
	 * EMIT4(0x48, 0x8B, 0x7D, 0xF0); mov rdi,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10]
	 * EMIT4(0x48, 0x8B, 0x75, 0xF8); mov rsi,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x8]
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < min(nr_args, 6); i++)
		emit_ldx(prog, bytes_to_bpf_size(m->arg_size[i]),
			 i == 5 ? X86_REG_R9 : BPF_REG_1 + i,
			 BPF_REG_FP,
			 -(stack_size - i * 8));
}

static int invoke_bpf_prog(const struct btf_func_model *m, u8 **pprog,
			   struct bpf_prog *p, int stack_size, bool save_ret)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	u8 *jmp_insn;

	/* arg1: mov rdi, progs[i] */
	emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_1, (long) p >> 32, (u32) (long) p);
	if (emit_call(&prog,
		      p->aux->sleepable ? __bpf_prog_enter_sleepable :
		      __bpf_prog_enter, prog))
			return -EINVAL;
	/* remember prog start time returned by __bpf_prog_enter */
	emit_mov_reg(&prog, true, BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_0);

	/* if (__bpf_prog_enter*(prog) == 0)
	 *	goto skip_exec_of_prog;
	 */
	EMIT3(0x48, 0x85, 0xC0);  /* test rax,rax */
	/* emit 2 nops that will be replaced with JE insn */
	jmp_insn = prog;
	emit_nops(&prog, 2);

	/* arg1: lea rdi, [rbp - stack_size] */
	EMIT4(0x48, 0x8D, 0x7D, -stack_size);
	/* arg2: progs[i]->insnsi for interpreter */
	if (!p->jited)
		emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_2,
			       (long) p->insnsi >> 32,
			       (u32) (long) p->insnsi);
	/* call JITed bpf program or interpreter */
	if (emit_call(&prog, p->bpf_func, prog))
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * BPF_TRAMP_MODIFY_RETURN trampolines can modify the return
	 * of the previous call which is then passed on the stack to
	 * the next BPF program.
	 *
	 * BPF_TRAMP_FENTRY trampoline may need to return the return
	 * value of BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog.
	 */
	if (save_ret)
		emit_stx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP, BPF_REG_0, -8);

	/* replace 2 nops with JE insn, since jmp target is known */
	jmp_insn[0] = X86_JE;
	jmp_insn[1] = prog - jmp_insn - 2;

	/* arg1: mov rdi, progs[i] */
	emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_1, (long) p >> 32, (u32) (long) p);
	/* arg2: mov rsi, rbx <- start time in nsec */
	emit_mov_reg(&prog, true, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_6);
	if (emit_call(&prog,
		      p->aux->sleepable ? __bpf_prog_exit_sleepable :
		      __bpf_prog_exit, prog))
			return -EINVAL;

	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static void emit_align(u8 **pprog, u32 align)
{
	u8 *target, *prog = *pprog;

	target = PTR_ALIGN(prog, align);
	if (target != prog)
		emit_nops(&prog, target - prog);

	*pprog = prog;
}

static int emit_cond_near_jump(u8 **pprog, void *func, void *ip, u8 jmp_cond)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	s64 offset;

	offset = func - (ip + 2 + 4);
	if (!is_simm32(offset)) {
		pr_err("Target %p is out of range\n", func);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	EMIT2_off32(0x0F, jmp_cond + 0x10, offset);
	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static int invoke_bpf(const struct btf_func_model *m, u8 **pprog,
		      struct bpf_tramp_progs *tp, int stack_size,
		      bool save_ret)
{
	int i;
	u8 *prog = *pprog;

	for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_progs; i++) {
		if (invoke_bpf_prog(m, &prog, tp->progs[i], stack_size,
				    save_ret))
			return -EINVAL;
	}
	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static int invoke_bpf_mod_ret(const struct btf_func_model *m, u8 **pprog,
			      struct bpf_tramp_progs *tp, int stack_size,
			      u8 **branches)
{
	u8 *prog = *pprog;
	int i;

	/* The first fmod_ret program will receive a garbage return value.
	 * Set this to 0 to avoid confusing the program.
	 */
	emit_mov_imm32(&prog, false, BPF_REG_0, 0);
	emit_stx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP, BPF_REG_0, -8);
	for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_progs; i++) {
		if (invoke_bpf_prog(m, &prog, tp->progs[i], stack_size, true))
			return -EINVAL;

		/* mod_ret prog stored return value into [rbp - 8]. Emit:
		 * if (*(u64 *)(rbp - 8) !=  0)
		 *	goto do_fexit;
		 */
		/* cmp QWORD PTR [rbp - 0x8], 0x0 */
		EMIT4(0x48, 0x83, 0x7d, 0xf8); EMIT1(0x00);

		/* Save the location of the branch and Generate 6 nops
		 * (4 bytes for an offset and 2 bytes for the jump) These nops
		 * are replaced with a conditional jump once do_fexit (i.e. the
		 * start of the fexit invocation) is finalized.
		 */
		branches[i] = prog;
		emit_nops(&prog, 4 + 2);
	}

	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static bool is_valid_bpf_tramp_flags(unsigned int flags)
{
	if ((flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RESTORE_REGS) &&
	    (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_SKIP_FRAME))
		return false;

	/*
	 * BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET is only used by bpf_struct_ops,
	 * and it must be used alone.
	 */
	if ((flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET) &&
	    (flags & ~BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET))
		return false;

	return true;
}

/* Example:
 * __be16 eth_type_trans(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev);
 * its 'struct btf_func_model' will be nr_args=2
 * The assembly code when eth_type_trans is executing after trampoline:
 *
 * push rbp
 * mov rbp, rsp
 * sub rsp, 16                     // space for skb and dev
 * push rbx                        // temp regs to pass start time
 * mov qword ptr [rbp - 16], rdi   // save skb pointer to stack
 * mov qword ptr [rbp - 8], rsi    // save dev pointer to stack
 * call __bpf_prog_enter           // rcu_read_lock and preempt_disable
 * mov rbx, rax                    // remember start time in bpf stats are enabled
 * lea rdi, [rbp - 16]             // R1==ctx of bpf prog
 * call addr_of_jited_FENTRY_prog
 * movabsq rdi, 64bit_addr_of_struct_bpf_prog  // unused if bpf stats are off
 * mov rsi, rbx                    // prog start time
 * call __bpf_prog_exit            // rcu_read_unlock, preempt_enable and stats math
 * mov rdi, qword ptr [rbp - 16]   // restore skb pointer from stack
 * mov rsi, qword ptr [rbp - 8]    // restore dev pointer from stack
 * pop rbx
 * leave
 * ret
 *
 * eth_type_trans has 5 byte nop at the beginning. These 5 bytes will be
 * replaced with 'call generated_bpf_trampoline'. When it returns
 * eth_type_trans will continue executing with original skb and dev pointers.
 *
 * The assembly code when eth_type_trans is called from trampoline:
 *
 * push rbp
 * mov rbp, rsp
 * sub rsp, 24                     // space for skb, dev, return value
 * push rbx                        // temp regs to pass start time
 * mov qword ptr [rbp - 24], rdi   // save skb pointer to stack
 * mov qword ptr [rbp - 16], rsi   // save dev pointer to stack
 * call __bpf_prog_enter           // rcu_read_lock and preempt_disable
 * mov rbx, rax                    // remember start time if bpf stats are enabled
 * lea rdi, [rbp - 24]             // R1==ctx of bpf prog
 * call addr_of_jited_FENTRY_prog  // bpf prog can access skb and dev
 * movabsq rdi, 64bit_addr_of_struct_bpf_prog  // unused if bpf stats are off
 * mov rsi, rbx                    // prog start time
 * call __bpf_prog_exit            // rcu_read_unlock, preempt_enable and stats math
 * mov rdi, qword ptr [rbp - 24]   // restore skb pointer from stack
 * mov rsi, qword ptr [rbp - 16]   // restore dev pointer from stack
 * call eth_type_trans+5           // execute body of eth_type_trans
 * mov qword ptr [rbp - 8], rax    // save return value
 * call __bpf_prog_enter           // rcu_read_lock and preempt_disable
 * mov rbx, rax                    // remember start time in bpf stats are enabled
 * lea rdi, [rbp - 24]             // R1==ctx of bpf prog
 * call addr_of_jited_FEXIT_prog   // bpf prog can access skb, dev, return value
 * movabsq rdi, 64bit_addr_of_struct_bpf_prog  // unused if bpf stats are off
 * mov rsi, rbx                    // prog start time
 * call __bpf_prog_exit            // rcu_read_unlock, preempt_enable and stats math
 * mov rax, qword ptr [rbp - 8]    // restore eth_type_trans's return value
 * pop rbx
 * leave
 * add rsp, 8                      // skip eth_type_trans's frame
 * ret                             // return to its caller
 */
int arch_prepare_bpf_trampoline(struct bpf_tramp_image *im, void *image, void *image_end,
				const struct btf_func_model *m, u32 flags,
				struct bpf_tramp_progs *tprogs,
				void *orig_call)
{
	int ret, i, nr_args = m->nr_args;
	int regs_off, ip_off, args_off, stack_size = nr_args * 8;
	struct bpf_tramp_progs *fentry = &tprogs[BPF_TRAMP_FENTRY];
	struct bpf_tramp_progs *fexit = &tprogs[BPF_TRAMP_FEXIT];
	struct bpf_tramp_progs *fmod_ret = &tprogs[BPF_TRAMP_MODIFY_RETURN];
	u8 **branches = NULL;
	u8 *prog;
	bool save_ret;

	/* x86-64 supports up to 6 arguments. 7+ can be added in the future */
	if (nr_args > 6)
		return -ENOTSUPP;

	if (!is_valid_bpf_tramp_flags(flags))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Generated trampoline stack layout:
	 *
	 * RBP + 8         [ return address  ]
	 * RBP + 0         [ RBP             ]
	 *
	 * RBP - 8         [ return value    ]  BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG or
	 *                                      BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET flags
	 *
	 *                 [ reg_argN        ]  always
	 *                 [ ...             ]
	 * RBP - regs_off  [ reg_arg1        ]  program's ctx pointer
	 *
	 * RBP - args_off  [ args count      ]  always
	 *
	 * RBP - ip_off    [ traced function ]  BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG flag
	 */

	/* room for return value of orig_call or fentry prog */
	save_ret = flags & (BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG | BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET);
	if (save_ret)
		stack_size += 8;

	regs_off = stack_size;

	/* args count  */
	stack_size += 8;
	args_off = stack_size;

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG)
		stack_size += 8; /* room for IP address argument */

	ip_off = stack_size;

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_SKIP_FRAME) {
		/* skip patched call instruction and point orig_call to actual
		 * body of the kernel function.
		 */
		if (is_endbr(*(u32 *)orig_call))
			orig_call += ENDBR_INSN_SIZE;
		orig_call += X86_PATCH_SIZE;
	}

	prog = image;

	EMIT_ENDBR();
	EMIT1(0x55);		 /* push rbp */
	EMIT3(0x48, 0x89, 0xE5); /* mov rbp, rsp */
	EMIT4(0x48, 0x83, 0xEC, stack_size); /* sub rsp, stack_size */
	EMIT1(0x53);		 /* push rbx */

	/* Store number of arguments of the traced function:
	 *   mov rax, nr_args
	 *   mov QWORD PTR [rbp - args_off], rax
	 */
	emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_0, 0, (u32) nr_args);
	emit_stx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP, BPF_REG_0, -args_off);

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_IP_ARG) {
		/* Store IP address of the traced function:
		 * mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + 8]
		 * sub rax, X86_PATCH_SIZE
		 * mov QWORD PTR [rbp - ip_off], rax
		 */
		emit_ldx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_FP, 8);
		EMIT4(0x48, 0x83, 0xe8, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
		emit_stx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP, BPF_REG_0, -ip_off);
	}

	save_regs(m, &prog, nr_args, regs_off);

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
		/* arg1: mov rdi, im */
		emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_1, (long) im >> 32, (u32) (long) im);
		if (emit_call(&prog, __bpf_tramp_enter, prog)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto cleanup;
		}
	}

	if (fentry->nr_progs)
		if (invoke_bpf(m, &prog, fentry, regs_off,
			       flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RET_FENTRY_RET))
			return -EINVAL;

	if (fmod_ret->nr_progs) {
		branches = kcalloc(fmod_ret->nr_progs, sizeof(u8 *),
				   GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!branches)
			return -ENOMEM;

		if (invoke_bpf_mod_ret(m, &prog, fmod_ret, regs_off,
				       branches)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto cleanup;
		}
	}

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
		restore_regs(m, &prog, nr_args, regs_off);

		/* call original function */
		if (emit_call(&prog, orig_call, prog)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto cleanup;
		}
		/* remember return value in a stack for bpf prog to access */
		emit_stx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP, BPF_REG_0, -8);
		im->ip_after_call = prog;
		memcpy(prog, x86_nops[5], X86_PATCH_SIZE);
		prog += X86_PATCH_SIZE;
	}

	if (fmod_ret->nr_progs) {
		/* From Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization
		 * Reference Manual, 3.4.1.4 Code Alignment, Assembly/Compiler
		 * Coding Rule 11: All branch targets should be 16-byte
		 * aligned.
		 */
		emit_align(&prog, 16);
		/* Update the branches saved in invoke_bpf_mod_ret with the
		 * aligned address of do_fexit.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < fmod_ret->nr_progs; i++)
			emit_cond_near_jump(&branches[i], prog, branches[i],
					    X86_JNE);
	}

	if (fexit->nr_progs)
		if (invoke_bpf(m, &prog, fexit, regs_off, false)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto cleanup;
		}

	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_RESTORE_REGS)
		restore_regs(m, &prog, nr_args, regs_off);

	/* This needs to be done regardless. If there were fmod_ret programs,
	 * the return value is only updated on the stack and still needs to be
	 * restored to R0.
	 */
	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG) {
		im->ip_epilogue = prog;
		/* arg1: mov rdi, im */
		emit_mov_imm64(&prog, BPF_REG_1, (long) im >> 32, (u32) (long) im);
		if (emit_call(&prog, __bpf_tramp_exit, prog)) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto cleanup;
		}
	}
	/* restore return value of orig_call or fentry prog back into RAX */
	if (save_ret)
		emit_ldx(&prog, BPF_DW, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_FP, -8);

	EMIT1(0x5B); /* pop rbx */
	EMIT1(0xC9); /* leave */
	if (flags & BPF_TRAMP_F_SKIP_FRAME)
		/* skip our return address and return to parent */
		EMIT4(0x48, 0x83, 0xC4, 8); /* add rsp, 8 */
	EMIT1(0xC3); /* ret */
	/* Make sure the trampoline generation logic doesn't overflow */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(prog > (u8 *)image_end - BPF_INSN_SAFETY)) {
		ret = -EFAULT;
		goto cleanup;
	}
	ret = prog - (u8 *)image;

cleanup:
	kfree(branches);
	return ret;
}

static int emit_bpf_dispatcher(u8 **pprog, int a, int b, s64 *progs)
{
	u8 *jg_reloc, *prog = *pprog;
	int pivot, err, jg_bytes = 1;
	s64 jg_offset;

	if (a == b) {
		/* Leaf node of recursion, i.e. not a range of indices
		 * anymore.
		 */
		EMIT1(add_1mod(0x48, BPF_REG_3));	/* cmp rdx,func */
		if (!is_simm32(progs[a]))
			return -1;
		EMIT2_off32(0x81, add_1reg(0xF8, BPF_REG_3),
			    progs[a]);
		err = emit_cond_near_jump(&prog,	/* je func */
					  (void *)progs[a], prog,
					  X86_JE);
		if (err)
			return err;

		emit_indirect_jump(&prog, 2 /* rdx */, prog);

		*pprog = prog;
		return 0;
	}

	/* Not a leaf node, so we pivot, and recursively descend into
	 * the lower and upper ranges.
	 */
	pivot = (b - a) / 2;
	EMIT1(add_1mod(0x48, BPF_REG_3));		/* cmp rdx,func */
	if (!is_simm32(progs[a + pivot]))
		return -1;
	EMIT2_off32(0x81, add_1reg(0xF8, BPF_REG_3), progs[a + pivot]);

	if (pivot > 2) {				/* jg upper_part */
		/* Require near jump. */
		jg_bytes = 4;
		EMIT2_off32(0x0F, X86_JG + 0x10, 0);
	} else {
		EMIT2(X86_JG, 0);
	}
	jg_reloc = prog;

	err = emit_bpf_dispatcher(&prog, a, a + pivot,	/* emit lower_part */
				  progs);
	if (err)
		return err;

	/* From Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization
	 * Reference Manual, 3.4.1.4 Code Alignment, Assembly/Compiler
	 * Coding Rule 11: All branch targets should be 16-byte
	 * aligned.
	 */
	emit_align(&prog, 16);
	jg_offset = prog - jg_reloc;
	emit_code(jg_reloc - jg_bytes, jg_offset, jg_bytes);

	err = emit_bpf_dispatcher(&prog, a + pivot + 1,	/* emit upper_part */
				  b, progs);
	if (err)
		return err;

	*pprog = prog;
	return 0;
}

static int cmp_ips(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const s64 *ipa = a;
	const s64 *ipb = b;

	if (*ipa > *ipb)
		return 1;
	if (*ipa < *ipb)
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

int arch_prepare_bpf_dispatcher(void *image, s64 *funcs, int num_funcs)
{
	u8 *prog = image;

	sort(funcs, num_funcs, sizeof(funcs[0]), cmp_ips, NULL);
	return emit_bpf_dispatcher(&prog, 0, num_funcs - 1, funcs);
}

struct x64_jit_data {
	struct bpf_binary_header *rw_header;
	struct bpf_binary_header *header;
	int *addrs;
	u8 *image;
	int proglen;
	struct jit_context ctx;
};

#define MAX_PASSES 20
#define PADDING_PASSES (MAX_PASSES - 5)

struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog)
{
	struct bpf_binary_header *rw_header = NULL;
	struct bpf_binary_header *header = NULL;
	struct bpf_prog *tmp, *orig_prog = prog;
	struct x64_jit_data *jit_data;
	int proglen, oldproglen = 0;
	struct jit_context ctx = {};
	bool tmp_blinded = false;
	bool extra_pass = false;
	bool padding = false;
	u8 *rw_image = NULL;
	u8 *image = NULL;
	int *addrs;
	int pass;
	int i;

	if (!prog->jit_requested)
		return orig_prog;

	tmp = bpf_jit_blind_constants(prog);
	/*
	 * If blinding was requested and we failed during blinding,
	 * we must fall back to the interpreter.
	 */
	if (IS_ERR(tmp))
		return orig_prog;
	if (tmp != prog) {
		tmp_blinded = true;
		prog = tmp;
	}

	jit_data = prog->aux->jit_data;
	if (!jit_data) {
		jit_data = kzalloc(sizeof(*jit_data), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!jit_data) {
			prog = orig_prog;
			goto out;
		}
		prog->aux->jit_data = jit_data;
	}
	addrs = jit_data->addrs;
	if (addrs) {
		ctx = jit_data->ctx;
		oldproglen = jit_data->proglen;
		image = jit_data->image;
		header = jit_data->header;
		rw_header = jit_data->rw_header;
		rw_image = (void *)rw_header + ((void *)image - (void *)header);
		extra_pass = true;
		padding = true;
		goto skip_init_addrs;
	}
	addrs = kvmalloc_array(prog->len + 1, sizeof(*addrs), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!addrs) {
		prog = orig_prog;
		goto out_addrs;
	}

	/*
	 * Before first pass, make a rough estimation of addrs[]
	 * each BPF instruction is translated to less than 64 bytes
	 */
	for (proglen = 0, i = 0; i <= prog->len; i++) {
		proglen += 64;
		addrs[i] = proglen;
	}
	ctx.cleanup_addr = proglen;
skip_init_addrs:

	/*
	 * JITed image shrinks with every pass and the loop iterates
	 * until the image stops shrinking. Very large BPF programs
	 * may converge on the last pass. In such case do one more
	 * pass to emit the final image.
	 */
	for (pass = 0; pass < MAX_PASSES || image; pass++) {
		if (!padding && pass >= PADDING_PASSES)
			padding = true;
		proglen = do_jit(prog, addrs, image, rw_image, oldproglen, &ctx, padding);
		if (proglen <= 0) {
out_image:
			image = NULL;
			if (header) {
				bpf_arch_text_copy(&header->size, &rw_header->size,
						   sizeof(rw_header->size));
				bpf_jit_binary_pack_free(header, rw_header);
			}
			/* Fall back to interpreter mode */
			prog = orig_prog;
			if (extra_pass) {
				prog->bpf_func = NULL;
				prog->jited = 0;
				prog->jited_len = 0;
			}
			goto out_addrs;
		}
		if (image) {
			if (proglen != oldproglen) {
				pr_err("bpf_jit: proglen=%d != oldproglen=%d\n",
				       proglen, oldproglen);
				goto out_image;
			}
			break;
		}
		if (proglen == oldproglen) {
			/*
			 * The number of entries in extable is the number of BPF_LDX
			 * insns that access kernel memory via "pointer to BTF type".
			 * The verifier changed their opcode from LDX|MEM|size
			 * to LDX|PROBE_MEM|size to make JITing easier.
			 */
			u32 align = __alignof__(struct exception_table_entry);
			u32 extable_size = prog->aux->num_exentries *
				sizeof(struct exception_table_entry);

			/* allocate module memory for x86 insns and extable */
			header = bpf_jit_binary_pack_alloc(roundup(proglen, align) + extable_size,
							   &image, align, &rw_header, &rw_image,
							   jit_fill_hole);
			if (!header) {
				prog = orig_prog;
				goto out_addrs;
			}
			prog->aux->extable = (void *) image + roundup(proglen, align);
		}
		oldproglen = proglen;
		cond_resched();
	}

	if (bpf_jit_enable > 1)
		bpf_jit_dump(prog->len, proglen, pass + 1, image);

	if (image) {
		if (!prog->is_func || extra_pass) {
			/*
			 * bpf_jit_binary_pack_finalize fails in two scenarios:
			 *   1) header is not pointing to proper module memory;
			 *   2) the arch doesn't support bpf_arch_text_copy().
			 *
			 * Both cases are serious bugs and justify WARN_ON.
			 */
			if (WARN_ON(bpf_jit_binary_pack_finalize(prog, header, rw_header))) {
				/* header has been freed */
				header = NULL;
				goto out_image;
			}

			bpf_tail_call_direct_fixup(prog);
		} else {
			jit_data->addrs = addrs;
			jit_data->ctx = ctx;
			jit_data->proglen = proglen;
			jit_data->image = image;
			jit_data->header = header;
			jit_data->rw_header = rw_header;
		}
		prog->bpf_func = (void *)image;
		prog->jited = 1;
		prog->jited_len = proglen;
	} else {
		prog = orig_prog;
	}

	if (!image || !prog->is_func || extra_pass) {
		if (image)
			bpf_prog_fill_jited_linfo(prog, addrs + 1);
out_addrs:
		kvfree(addrs);
		kfree(jit_data);
		prog->aux->jit_data = NULL;
	}
out:
	if (tmp_blinded)
		bpf_jit_prog_release_other(prog, prog == orig_prog ?
					   tmp : orig_prog);
	return prog;
}

bool bpf_jit_supports_kfunc_call(void)
{
	return true;
}

void *bpf_arch_text_copy(void *dst, void *src, size_t len)
{
	if (text_poke_copy(dst, src, len) == NULL)
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	return dst;
}