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David reported a warning observed while loop testing kexec jump:
Interrupts enabled after irqrouter_resume+0x0/0x50
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 560 at drivers/base/syscore.c:103 syscore_resume+0x18a/0x220
kernel_kexec+0xf6/0x180
__do_sys_reboot+0x206/0x250
do_syscall_64+0x95/0x180
The corresponding interrupt flag trace:
hardirqs last enabled at (15573): [<ffffffffa8281b8e>] __up_console_sem+0x7e/0x90
hardirqs last disabled at (15580): [<ffffffffa8281b73>] __up_console_sem+0x63/0x90
That means __up_console_sem() was invoked with interrupts enabled. Further
instrumentation revealed that in the interrupt disabled section of kexec
jump one of the syscore_suspend() callbacks woke up a task, which set the
NEED_RESCHED flag. A later callback in the resume path invoked
cond_resched() which in turn led to the invocation of the scheduler:
__cond_resched+0x21/0x60
down_timeout+0x18/0x60
acpi_os_wait_semaphore+0x4c/0x80
acpi_ut_acquire_mutex+0x3d/0x100
acpi_ns_get_node+0x27/0x60
acpi_ns_evaluate+0x1cb/0x2d0
acpi_rs_set_srs_method_data+0x156/0x190
acpi_pci_link_set+0x11c/0x290
irqrouter_resume+0x54/0x60
syscore_resume+0x6a/0x200
kernel_kexec+0x145/0x1c0
__do_sys_reboot+0xeb/0x240
do_syscall_64+0x95/0x180
This is a long standing problem, which probably got more visible with
the recent printk changes. Something does a task wakeup and the
scheduler sets the NEED_RESCHED flag. cond_resched() sees it set and
invokes schedule() from a completely bogus context. The scheduler
enables interrupts after context switching, which causes the above
warning at the end.
Quite some of the code paths in syscore_suspend()/resume() can result in
triggering a wakeup with the exactly same consequences. They might not
have done so yet, but as they share a lot of code with normal operations
it's just a question of time.
The problem only affects the PREEMPT_NONE and PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY scheduling
models. Full preemption is not affected as cond_resched() is disabled and
the preemption check preemptible() takes the interrupt disabled flag into
account.
Cure the problem by adding a corresponding check into cond_resched().
Reported-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/7717fe2ac0ce5f0a2c43fdab8b11f4483d54a2a4.camel@infradead.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext
Pull sched_ext fix from Tejun Heo:
"pick_task_scx() has a workaround to avoid stalling when the fair
class's balance() says yes but pick_task() says no.
The workaround was incorrectly deciding to keep the prev taks running
if the task is on SCX even when the task is in a sleeping state, which
can lead to several confusing failure modes.
Fix it by testing the prev task is currently queued on SCX instead"
* tag 'sched_ext-for-6.14-rc4-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext:
sched_ext: Fix pick_task_scx() picking non-queued tasks when it's called without balance()
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When %SCX_PICK_IDLE_IN_NODE is specified, scx_bpf_pick_any_cpu_node()
should always return a CPU from the specified node, regardless of its
idle state.
Also clarify this logic in the function documentation.
Fixes: 01059219b0cfd ("sched_ext: idle: Introduce node-aware idle cpu kfunc helpers")
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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without balance()
a6250aa251ea ("sched_ext: Handle cases where pick_task_scx() is called
without preceding balance_scx()") added a workaround to handle the cases
where pick_task_scx() is called without prececing balance_scx() which is due
to a fair class bug where pick_taks_fair() may return NULL after a true
return from balance_fair().
The workaround detects when pick_task_scx() is called without preceding
balance_scx() and emulates SCX_RQ_BAL_KEEP and triggers kicking to avoid
stalling. Unfortunately, the workaround code was testing whether @prev was
on SCX to decide whether to keep the task running. This is incorrect as the
task may be on SCX but no longer runnable.
This could lead to a non-runnable task to be returned from pick_task_scx()
which cause interesting confusions and failures. e.g. A common failure mode
is the task ending up with (!on_rq && on_cpu) state which can cause
potential wakers to busy loop, which can easily lead to deadlocks.
Fix it by testing whether @prev has SCX_TASK_QUEUED set. This makes
@prev_on_scx only used in one place. Open code the usage and improve the
comment while at it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Pat Cody <patcody@meta.com>
Fixes: a6250aa251ea ("sched_ext: Handle cases where pick_task_scx() is called without preceding balance_scx()")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.12+
Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
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Similarly to scx_bpf_nr_cpu_ids(), introduce a new kfunc
scx_bpf_nr_node_ids() to expose the maximum number of NUMA nodes in the
system.
BPF schedulers can use this information together with the new node-aware
kfuncs, for example to create per-node DSQs, validate node IDs, etc.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Adding an unlikely() hint on early error return paths improves the
run-time performance of several sched related system calls.
Benchmarking on an i9-12900 shows the following per system call
performance improvements:
before after improvement
sched_getattr 182.4ns 170.6ns ~6.5%
sched_setattr 284.3ns 267.6ns ~5.9%
sched_getparam 161.6ns 148.1ns ~8.4%
sched_setparam 1265.4ns 1227.6ns ~3.0%
sched_getscheduler 129.4ns 118.2ns ~8.7%
sched_setscheduler 1237.3ns 1216.7ns ~1.7%
Results are based on running 20 tests with turbo disabled (to reduce
clock freq turbo changes), with 10 second run per test based on the
number of system calls per second. The % standard deviation of the
measurements for the 20 tests was 0.05% to 0.40%, so the results are
reliable.
Tested on kernel build with gcc 14.2.1
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250219142423.45516-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com
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The header file stats.h is included twice. Remove the redundant include
and the following make includecheck warning:
stats.h is included more than once
Signed-off-by: Thorsten Blum <thorsten.blum@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250219111756.3070-2-thorsten.blum@linux.dev
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Introduce a new kfunc to retrieve the node associated to a CPU:
int scx_bpf_cpu_node(s32 cpu)
Add the following kfuncs to provide BPF schedulers direct access to
per-node idle cpumasks information:
const struct cpumask *scx_bpf_get_idle_cpumask_node(int node)
const struct cpumask *scx_bpf_get_idle_smtmask_node(int node)
s32 scx_bpf_pick_idle_cpu_node(const cpumask_t *cpus_allowed,
int node, u64 flags)
s32 scx_bpf_pick_any_cpu_node(const cpumask_t *cpus_allowed,
int node, u64 flags)
Moreover, trigger an scx error when any of the non-node aware idle CPU
kfuncs are used when SCX_OPS_BUILTIN_IDLE_PER_NODE is enabled.
Cc: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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hrtimer_setup() takes the callback function pointer as argument and
initializes the timer completely.
Replace hrtimer_init() and the open coded initialization of
hrtimer::function with the new setup mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Nam Cao <namcao@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/a55e849cba3c41b4c5708be6ea6be6f337d1a8fb.1738746821.git.namcao@linutronix.de
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When a process reduces its number of threads or clears bits in its CPU
affinity mask, the mm_cid allocation should eventually converge towards
smaller values.
However, the change introduced by:
commit 7e019dcc470f ("sched: Improve cache locality of RSEQ concurrency
IDs for intermittent workloads")
adds a per-mm/CPU recent_cid which is never unset unless a thread
migrates.
This is a tradeoff between:
A) Preserving cache locality after a transition from many threads to few
threads, or after reducing the hamming weight of the allowed CPU mask.
B) Making the mm_cid upper bounds wrt nr threads and allowed CPU mask
easy to document and understand.
C) Allowing applications to eventually react to mm_cid compaction after
reduction of the nr threads or allowed CPU mask, making the tracking
of mm_cid compaction easier by shrinking it back towards 0 or not.
D) Making sure applications that periodically reduce and then increase
again the nr threads or allowed CPU mask still benefit from good
cache locality with mm_cid.
Introduce the following changes:
* After shrinking the number of threads or reducing the number of
allowed CPUs, reduce the value of max_nr_cid so expansion of CID
allocation will preserve cache locality if the number of threads or
allowed CPUs increase again.
* Only re-use a recent_cid if it is within the max_nr_cid upper bound,
else find the first available CID.
Fixes: 7e019dcc470f ("sched: Improve cache locality of RSEQ concurrency IDs for intermittent workloads")
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250210153253.460471-2-gmonaco@redhat.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fix from Borislav Petkov:
- Clarify what happens when a task is woken up from the wake queue and
make clear its removal from that queue is atomic
* tag 'sched_urgent_for_v6.14_rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Clarify wake_up_q()'s write to task->wake_q.next
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Using a single global idle mask can lead to inefficiencies and a lot of
stress on the cache coherency protocol on large systems with multiple
NUMA nodes, since all the CPUs can create a really intense read/write
activity on the single global cpumask.
Therefore, split the global cpumask into multiple per-NUMA node cpumasks
to improve scalability and performance on large systems.
The concept is that each cpumask will track only the idle CPUs within
its corresponding NUMA node, treating CPUs in other NUMA nodes as busy.
In this way concurrent access to the idle cpumask will be restricted
within each NUMA node.
The split of multiple per-node idle cpumasks can be controlled using the
SCX_OPS_BUILTIN_IDLE_PER_NODE flag.
By default SCX_OPS_BUILTIN_IDLE_PER_NODE is not enabled and a global
host-wide idle cpumask is used, maintaining the previous behavior.
NOTE: if a scheduler explicitly enables the per-node idle cpumasks (via
SCX_OPS_BUILTIN_IDLE_PER_NODE), scx_bpf_get_idle_cpu/smtmask() will
trigger an scx error, since there are no system-wide cpumasks.
= Test =
Hardware:
- System: DGX B200
- CPUs: 224 SMT threads (112 physical cores)
- Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8570
- 2 NUMA nodes
Scheduler:
- scx_simple [1] (so that we can focus at the built-in idle selection
policy and not at the scheduling policy itself)
Test:
- Run a parallel kernel build `make -j $(nproc)` and measure the average
elapsed time over 10 runs:
avg time | stdev
---------+------
before: 52.431s | 2.895
after: 50.342s | 2.895
= Conclusion =
Splitting the global cpumask into multiple per-NUMA cpumasks helped to
achieve a speedup of approximately +4% with this particular architecture
and test case.
The same test on a DGX-1 (40 physical cores, Intel Xeon E5-2698 v4 @
2.20GHz, 2 NUMA nodes) shows a speedup of around 1.5-3%.
On smaller systems, I haven't noticed any measurable regressions or
improvements with the same test (parallel kernel build) and scheduler
(scx_simple).
Moreover, with a modified scx_bpfland that uses the new NUMA-aware APIs
I observed an additional +2-2.5% performance improvement with the same
test.
[1] https://github.com/sched-ext/scx/blob/main/scheds/c/scx_simple.bpf.c
Cc: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Add the new scheduler flag SCX_OPS_BUILTIN_IDLE_PER_NODE, which allows
BPF schedulers to select between using a global flat idle cpumask or
multiple per-node cpumasks.
This only introduces the flag and the mechanism to enable/disable this
feature without affecting any scheduling behavior.
Cc: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov [NVIDIA] <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Make all the static keys used by the idle CPU selection policy private
to ext_idle.c. This avoids unnecessary exposure in headers and improves
code encapsulation.
Cc: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext
Pull sched_ext fixes from Tejun Heo:
- Fix lock imbalance in a corner case of dispatch_to_local_dsq()
- Migration disabled tasks were confusing some BPF schedulers and its
handling had a bug. Fix it and simplify the default behavior by
dispatching them automatically
- ops.tick(), ops.disable() and ops.exit_task() were incorrectly
disallowing kfuncs that require the task argument to be the rq
operation is currently operating on and thus is rq-locked.
Allow them.
- Fix autogroup migration handling bug which was occasionally
triggering a warning in the cgroup migration path
- tools/sched_ext, selftest and other misc updates
* tag 'sched_ext-for-6.14-rc2-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext:
sched_ext: Use SCX_CALL_OP_TASK in task_tick_scx
sched_ext: Fix the incorrect bpf_list kfunc API in common.bpf.h.
sched_ext: selftests: Fix grammar in tests description
sched_ext: Fix incorrect assumption about migration disabled tasks in task_can_run_on_remote_rq()
sched_ext: Fix migration disabled handling in targeted dispatches
sched_ext: Implement auto local dispatching of migration disabled tasks
sched_ext: Fix incorrect time delta calculation in time_delta()
sched_ext: Fix lock imbalance in dispatch_to_local_dsq()
sched_ext: selftests/dsp_local_on: Fix selftest on UP systems
tools/sched_ext: Add helper to check task migration state
sched_ext: Fix incorrect autogroup migration detection
sched_ext: selftests/dsp_local_on: Fix sporadic failures
selftests/sched_ext: Fix enum resolution
sched_ext: Include task weight in the error state dump
sched_ext: Fixes typos in comments
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Add a sysfs entry at /sys/kernel/sched_ext/root/events to expose core
event counters through the files system interface. Each line of the file
shows the event name and its counter value.
In addition, the format of scx_dump_event() is adjusted as the event name
gets longer.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The function "can_migrate_task()" utilize "for_each_cpu_and" with a
"if" statement inside to find the destination cpu. It's the same logic
to find the first set bit of the result of the bitwise-AND of
"env->dst_grpmask", "env->cpus" and "p->cpus_ptr".
Refactor it by using "cpumask_first_and_and()" to perform bitwise-AND
for "env->dst_grpmask", "env->cpus" and "p->cpus_ptr" and pick the
first cpu within the intersection as the destination cpu, so we can
elimate the need of looping and multiple times of branch.
After the refactoring this part of the code can speed up from ~115ns
to ~54ns, according to the test below.
Ran the test for 5 times and the result is showned in the following
table, and the test script is paste in next section.
-------------------------------------------------------
|Old method| 130| 118| 115| 109| 106| avg ~115ns|
-------------------------------------------------------
|New method| 58| 55| 54| 48| 55| avg ~54ns|
-------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: I Hsin Cheng <richard120310@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250210103019.283824-1-richard120310@gmail.com
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When a task is enqueued and its parent cgroup se is already on_rq, this
parent cgroup se will not be enqueued again, and hence the root->min_slice
leaves unchanged. The same issue happens when a task is dequeued and its
parent cgroup se has other runnable entities, and the parent cgroup se
will not be dequeued.
Force propagating min_slice when se doesn't need to be enqueued or
dequeued. Ensure the se hierarchy always get the latest min_slice.
Fixes: aef6987d8954 ("sched/eevdf: Propagate min_slice up the cgroup hierarchy")
Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250211063659.7180-1-dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com
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The sched_clock_irqtime was defined as a static key in commit 8722903cbb8f
('sched: Define sched_clock_irqtime as static key'). However, this change
introduces a 'sleeping in atomic context' warning, as shown below:
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c:1214 mark_tsc_unstable()
warn: sleeping in atomic context
As analyzed by Dan, the affected code path is as follows:
vcpu_load() <- disables preempt
-> kvm_arch_vcpu_load()
-> mark_tsc_unstable() <- sleeps
virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
166 void vcpu_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
167 {
168 int cpu = get_cpu();
^^^^^^^^^^
This get_cpu() disables preemption.
169
170 __this_cpu_write(kvm_running_vcpu, vcpu);
171 preempt_notifier_register(&vcpu->preempt_notifier);
172 kvm_arch_vcpu_load(vcpu, cpu);
173 put_cpu();
174 }
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
4979 if (unlikely(vcpu->cpu != cpu) || kvm_check_tsc_unstable()) {
4980 s64 tsc_delta = !vcpu->arch.last_host_tsc ? 0 :
4981 rdtsc() - vcpu->arch.last_host_tsc;
4982 if (tsc_delta < 0)
4983 mark_tsc_unstable("KVM discovered backwards TSC");
arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
1206 void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
1207 {
1208 if (tsc_unstable)
1209 return;
1210
1211 tsc_unstable = 1;
1212 if (using_native_sched_clock())
1213 clear_sched_clock_stable();
--> 1214 disable_sched_clock_irqtime();
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
kernel/jump_label.c
245 void static_key_disable(struct static_key *key)
246 {
247 cpus_read_lock();
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This lock has a might_sleep() in it which triggers the static checker
warning.
248 static_key_disable_cpuslocked(key);
249 cpus_read_unlock();
250 }
Let revert this change for now as {disable,enable}_sched_clock_irqtime
are used in many places, as pointed out by Sean, including the following:
The code path in clocksource_watchdog():
clocksource_watchdog()
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-> spin_lock(&watchdog_lock);
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-> __clocksource_unstable()
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-> clocksource.mark_unstable() == tsc_cs_mark_unstable()
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-> disable_sched_clock_irqtime()
And the code path in sched_clock_register():
/* Cannot register a sched_clock with interrupts on */
local_irq_save(flags);
...
/* Enable IRQ time accounting if we have a fast enough sched_clock() */
if (irqtime > 0 || (irqtime == -1 && rate >= 1000000))
enable_sched_clock_irqtime();
local_irq_restore(flags);
[lkp@intel.com: reported a build error in the prev version]
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm/37a79ba3-9ce0-479c-a5b0-2bd75d573ed3@stanley.mountain/
Fixes: 8722903cbb8f ("sched: Define sched_clock_irqtime as static key")
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Debugged-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Debugged-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Debugged-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250205032438.14668-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com
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The old default value for slice is 0.75 msec * (1 + ilog(ncpus)) which
means that we have a default slice of:
0.75 for 1 cpu
1.50 up to 3 cpus
2.25 up to 7 cpus
3.00 for 8 cpus and above.
For HZ=250 and HZ=100, because of the tick accuracy, the runtime of
tasks is far higher than their slice.
For HZ=1000 with 8 cpus or more, the accuracy of tick is already
satisfactory, but there is still an issue that tasks will get an extra
tick because the tick often arrives a little faster than expected. In
this case, the task can only wait until the next tick to consider that it
has reached its deadline, and will run 1ms longer.
vruntime + sysctl_sched_base_slice = deadline
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
1ms 1ms 1ms 1ms
^ ^ ^ ^
tick1 tick2 tick3 tick4(nearly 4ms)
There are two reasons for tick error: clockevent precision and the
CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING/CONFIG_PARAVIRT_TIME_ACCOUNTING. with
CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING every tick will be less than 1ms, but even
without it, because of clockevent precision, tick still often less than
1ms.
In order to make scheduling more precise, we changed 0.75 to 0.70,
Using 0.70 instead of 0.75 should not change much for other configs
and would fix this issue:
0.70 for 1 cpu
1.40 up to 3 cpus
2.10 up to 7 cpus
2.8 for 8 cpus and above.
This does not guarantee that tasks can run the slice time accurately
every time, but occasionally running an extra tick has little impact.
Signed-off-by: zihan zhou <15645113830zzh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250208075322.13139-1-15645113830zzh@gmail.com
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A wakeup non-idle entity should preempt idle entity at any time,
but because of the slice protection of the idle entity, the non-idle
entity has to wait, so just cancel it.
This patch is aimed at minimizing the impact of SCHED_IDLE on
SCHED_NORMAL. For example, a task with SCHED_IDLE policy that sleeps for
1s and then runs for 3 ms, running cyclictest on the same cpu, has a
maximum latency of 3 ms, which is caused by the slice protection of the
idle entity. It is unreasonable. With this patch, the cyclictest latency
under the same conditions is basically the same on the cpu with idle
processes and on empty cpu.
[peterz: add helpers]
Fixes: 63304558ba5d ("sched/eevdf: Curb wakeup-preemption")
Signed-off-by: zihan zhou <15645113830zzh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250208080850.16300-1-15645113830zzh@gmail.com
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A task wakeup can be either processed on the waker's CPU or bounced to the
wakee's previous CPU using an IPI (ttwu_queue). Bouncing to the wakee's CPU
avoids the waker's CPU locking and accessing the wakee's rq which can be
expensive across cache and node boundaries.
When ttwu_queue path is taken, select_task_rq() and thus ops.select_cpu()
may be skipped in some cases (racing against the wakee switching out). As
this confused some BPF schedulers, there wasn't a good way for a BPF
scheduler to tell whether idle CPU selection has been skipped, ops.enqueue()
couldn't insert tasks into foreign local DSQs, and the performance
difference on machines with simple toplogies were minimal, sched_ext
disabled ttwu_queue.
However, this optimization makes noticeable difference on more complex
topologies and a BPF scheduler now has an easy way tell whether
ops.select_cpu() was skipped since 9b671793c7d9 ("sched_ext, scx_qmap: Add
and use SCX_ENQ_CPU_SELECTED") and can insert tasks into foreign local DSQs
since 5b26f7b920f7 ("sched_ext: Allow SCX_DSQ_LOCAL_ON for direct
dispatches").
Implement SCX_OPS_ALLOW_QUEUED_WAKEUP which allows BPF schedulers to choose
to enable ttwu_queue optimization.
v2: Update the patch description and comment re. ops.select_cpu() being
skipped in some cases as opposed to always as per Neel.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Neel Natu <neelnatu@google.com>
Reported-by: Barret Rhoden <brho@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
|
|
Now when we use scx_bpf_task_cgroup() in ops.tick() to get the cgroup of
the current task, the following error will occur:
scx_foo[3795244] triggered exit kind 1024:
runtime error (called on a task not being operated on)
The reason is that we are using SCX_CALL_OP() instead of SCX_CALL_OP_TASK()
when calling ops.tick(), which triggers the error during the subsequent
scx_kf_allowed_on_arg_tasks() check.
SCX_CALL_OP_TASK() was first introduced in commit 36454023f50b ("sched_ext:
Track tasks that are subjects of the in-flight SCX operation") to ensure
task's rq lock is held when accessing task's sched_group. Since ops.tick()
is marked as SCX_KF_TERMINAL and task_tick_scx() is protected by the rq
lock, we can use SCX_CALL_OP_TASK() to avoid the above issue. Similarly,
the same changes should be made for ops.disable() and ops.exit_task(), as
they are also protected by task_rq_lock() and it's safe to access the
task's task_group.
Fixes: 36454023f50b ("sched_ext: Track tasks that are subjects of the in-flight SCX operation")
Signed-off-by: Chuyi Zhou <zhouchuyi@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Pull to receive f3f08c3acfb8 ("sched_ext: Fix incorrect assumption about
migration disabled tasks in task_can_run_on_remote_rq()") which conflicts
with 26176116d931 ("sched_ext: Count SCX_EV_DISPATCH_LOCAL_DSQ_OFFLINE in
the right spot") in for-6.15.
|
|
task_can_run_on_remote_rq()
While fixing migration disabled task handling, 32966821574c ("sched_ext: Fix
migration disabled handling in targeted dispatches") assumed that a
migration disabled task's ->cpus_ptr would only have the pinned CPU. While
this is eventually true for migration disabled tasks that are switched out,
->cpus_ptr update is performed by migrate_disable_switch() which is called
right before context_switch() in __scheduler(). However, the task is
enqueued earlier during pick_next_task() via put_prev_task_scx(), so there
is a race window where another CPU can see the task on a DSQ.
If the CPU tries to dispatch the migration disabled task while in that
window, task_allowed_on_cpu() will succeed and task_can_run_on_remote_rq()
will subsequently trigger SCHED_WARN(is_migration_disabled()).
WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 1837 at kernel/sched/ext.c:2466 task_can_run_on_remote_rq+0x12e/0x140
Sched_ext: layered (enabled+all), task: runnable_at=-10ms
RIP: 0010:task_can_run_on_remote_rq+0x12e/0x140
...
<TASK>
consume_dispatch_q+0xab/0x220
scx_bpf_dsq_move_to_local+0x58/0xd0
bpf_prog_84dd17b0654b6cf0_layered_dispatch+0x290/0x1cfa
bpf__sched_ext_ops_dispatch+0x4b/0xab
balance_one+0x1fe/0x3b0
balance_scx+0x61/0x1d0
prev_balance+0x46/0xc0
__pick_next_task+0x73/0x1c0
__schedule+0x206/0x1730
schedule+0x3a/0x160
__do_sys_sched_yield+0xe/0x20
do_syscall_64+0xbb/0x1e0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Fix it by converting the SCHED_WARN() back to a regular failure path. Also,
perform the migration disabled test before task_allowed_on_cpu() test so
that BPF schedulers which fail to handle migration disabled tasks can be
noticed easily.
While at it, adjust scx_ops_error() message for !task_allowed_on_cpu() case
for brevity and consistency.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Fixes: 32966821574c ("sched_ext: Fix migration disabled handling in targeted dispatches")
Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Reported-by: Jake Hillion <jakehillion@meta.com>
|
|
per-CPU cpumasks are dominantly accessed from their own local CPUs,
so allocate them node-local to improve performance.
Signed-off-by: Li RongQing <lirongqing@baidu.com>
Acked-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Count the number of times a migration disabled task is automatically
dispatched to its local DSQ.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
|
|
SCX_EV_DISPATCH_LOCAL_DSQ_OFFLINE wasn't quite right in two aspects:
- It counted both migration disabled and offline events.
- It didn't count events from scx_bpf_dsq_move() path.
Fix it by moving the counting into task_can_run_on_remote_rq() which is
shared by both paths and can distinguish the different rejection conditions.
The argument @trigger_error is renamed to @enforce as it now does more than
just triggering error.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
|
|
Pull to receive:
- 2fa0fbeb69ed ("sched_ext: Implement auto local dispatching of migration disabled tasks")
- 32966821574c ("sched_ext: Fix migration disabled handling in targeted dispatches")
as planned for-6.15 changes depend on them (e.g. adding event counter for
implicit migration disabled task handling).
|
|
A dispatch operation that can target a specific local DSQ -
scx_bpf_dsq_move_to_local() or scx_bpf_dsq_move() - checks whether the task
can be migrated to the target CPU using task_can_run_on_remote_rq(). If the
task can't be migrated to the targeted CPU, it is bounced through a global
DSQ.
task_can_run_on_remote_rq() assumes that the task is on a CPU that's
different from the targeted CPU but the callers doesn't uphold the
assumption and may call the function when the task is already on the target
CPU. When such task has migration disabled, task_can_run_on_remote_rq() ends
up returning %false incorrectly unnecessarily bouncing the task to a global
DSQ.
Fix it by updating the callers to only call task_can_run_on_remote_rq() when
the task is on a different CPU than the target CPU. As this is a bit subtle,
for clarity and documentation:
- Make task_can_run_on_remote_rq() trigger SCHED_WARN_ON() if the task is on
the same CPU as the target CPU.
- is_migration_disabled() test in task_can_run_on_remote_rq() cannot trigger
if the task is on a different CPU than the target CPU as the preceding
task_allowed_on_cpu() test should fail beforehand. Convert the test into
SCHED_WARN_ON().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Fixes: 4c30f5ce4f7a ("sched_ext: Implement scx_bpf_dispatch[_vtime]_from_dsq()")
Fixes: 0366017e0973 ("sched_ext: Use task_can_run_on_remote_rq() test in dispatch_to_local_dsq()")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.12+
|
|
Migration disabled tasks are special and pinned to their previous CPUs. They
tripped up some unsuspecting BPF schedulers as their ->nr_cpus_allowed may
not agree with the bits set in ->cpus_ptr. Make it easier for BPF schedulers
by automatically dispatching them to the pinned local DSQs by default. If a
BPF scheduler wants to handle migration disabled tasks explicitly, it can
set SCX_OPS_ENQ_MIGRATION_DISABLED.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Fix a cfs_rq->h_nr_runnable accounting bug that trips up a defensive
SCHED_WARN_ON() on certain workloads. The bug is believed to be
(accidentally) self-correcting, hence no behavioral side effects are
expected.
Also print se.slice in debug output, since this value can now be set
via the syscall ABI and can be useful to track"
* tag 'sched-urgent-2025-02-08' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/debug: Provide slice length for fair tasks
sched/fair: Fix inaccurate h_nr_runnable accounting with delayed dequeue
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|
Clarify that wake_up_q() does an atomic write to task->wake_q.next, after
which a concurrent __wake_q_add() can immediately overwrite
task->wake_q.next again.
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250129-sched-wakeup-prettier-v1-1-2f51f5f663fa@google.com
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|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_ENQ_SLICE_DFL, which represents how many
tasks have been enqueued (or pick_task-ed or select_cpu-ed) with
a default time slice (SCX_SLICE_DFL).
Scheduling a task with SCX_SLICE_DFL unintentionally would be a source
of latency spikes because SCX_SLICE_DFL is relatively long (20 msec).
Thus, soaring the SCX_EV_ENQ_SLICE_DFL value would be a sign of BPF
scheduler bugs, causing latency spikes, especially when ops.select_cpu()
is provided.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock or p->pi_lock,
so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Update comment in __cond_resched() clarifying how urgently needed
quiescent state are provided.
Signed-off-by: Ankur Arora <ankur.a.arora@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_BYPASS_DURATION, which represents the
total duration of bypass modes in nanoseconds.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_BYPASS_DISPATCH, which represents how many
tasks have been dispatched in the bypass mode.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock or
p->pi_lock, so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_BYPASS_ACTIVATE, which represents how many
times the bypass mode has been triggered.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_ENQ_SKIP_EXITING, which represents how many
times a task is enqueued to a local DSQ when exiting if
SCX_OPS_ENQ_EXITING is not set.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock,
so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_DISPATCH_KEEP_LAST, which represents how many
times a task is continued to run without ops.enqueue() when
SCX_OPS_ENQ_LAST is not set.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock,
so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_DISPATCH_LOCAL_DSQ_OFFLINE, which represents how
many times a BPF scheduler tries to dispatch to an offlined local DSQ.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock,
so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Add a core event, SCX_EV_SELECT_CPU_FALLBACK, which represents how many times
ops.select_cpu() returns a CPU that the task can't use.
__scx_add_event() is used since the caller holds an rq lock,
so the preemption has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Collect the statistics of specific types of behavior in the sched_ext core,
which are not easily visible but still interesting to an scx scheduler.
An event type is defined in 'struct scx_event_stats.' When an event occurs,
its counter is accumulated using 'scx_add_event()' and '__scx_add_event()'
to per-CPU 'struct scx_event_stats' for efficiency. 'scx_bpf_events()'
aggregates all the per-CPU counters and exposes a system-wide counters.
For convenience and readability of the code, 'scx_agg_event()' and
'scx_dump_event()' are provided.
The collected events can be observed after a BPF scheduler is unloaded
beforea new BPF scheduler is loaded so the per-CPU 'struct scx_event_stats'
are reset.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Since commit:
857b158dc5e8 ("sched/eevdf: Use sched_attr::sched_runtime to set request/slice suggestion")
... we have the userspace per-task tunable slice length, which is
a key parameter that is otherwise difficult to obtain, so provide
it in /proc/$PID/sched.
[ mingo: Clarified the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Christian Loehle <christian.loehle@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/453349b1-1637-42f5-a7b2-2385392b5956@arm.com
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull more power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"These are mostly fixes on top of the previously merged power
management material with the addition of some teo cpuidle governor
updates, some of which may also be regarded as fixes:
- Add missing error handling for syscore_suspend() to the hibernation
core code (Wentao Liang)
- Revert a commit that added unused macros (Andy Shevchenko)
- Synchronize the runtime PM status of devices that were runtime-
suspended before a system-wide suspend and need to be resumed
during the subsequent system-wide resume transition (Rafael
Wysocki)
- Clean up the teo cpuidle governor and make the handling of short
idle intervals in it consistent regardless of the properties of
idle states supplied by the cpuidle driver (Rafael Wysocki)
- Fix some boost-related issues in cpufreq (Lifeng Zheng)
- Fix build issues in the s3c64xx and airoha cpufreq drivers (Viresh
Kumar)
- Remove unconditional binding of schedutil governor kthreads to the
affected CPUs if the cpufreq driver indicates that updates can
happen from any CPU (Christian Loehle)"
* tag 'pm-6.14-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
PM: sleep: core: Synchronize runtime PM status of parents and children
cpufreq: airoha: Depends on OF
PM: Revert "Add EXPORT macros for exporting PM functions"
PM: hibernate: Add error handling for syscore_suspend()
cpufreq/schedutil: Only bind threads if needed
cpufreq: ACPI: Remove set_boost in acpi_cpufreq_cpu_init()
cpufreq: CPPC: Fix wrong max_freq in policy initialization
cpufreq: Introduce a more generic way to set default per-policy boost flag
cpufreq: Fix re-boost issue after hotplugging a CPU
cpufreq: s3c64xx: Fix compilation warning
cpuidle: teo: Skip sleep length computation for low latency constraints
cpuidle: teo: Replace time_span_ns with a flag
cpuidle: teo: Simplify handling of total events count
cpuidle: teo: Skip getting the sleep length if wakeups are very frequent
cpuidle: teo: Simplify counting events used for tick management
cpuidle: teo: Clarify two code comments
cpuidle: teo: Drop local variable prev_intercept_idx
cpuidle: teo: Combine candidate state index checks against 0
cpuidle: teo: Reorder candidate state index checks
cpuidle: teo: Rearrange idle state lookup code
|
|
Add the const qualifier to all the ctl_tables in the tree except for
watchdog_hardlockup_sysctl, memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls,
loadpin_sysctl_table and the ones calling register_net_sysctl (./net,
drivers/inifiniband dirs). These are special cases as they use a
registration function with a non-const qualified ctl_table argument or
modify the arrays before passing them on to the registration function.
Constifying ctl_table structs will prevent the modification of
proc_handler function pointers as the arrays would reside in .rodata.
This is made possible after commit 78eb4ea25cd5 ("sysctl: treewide:
constify the ctl_table argument of proc_handlers") constified all the
proc_handlers.
Created this by running an spatch followed by a sed command:
Spatch:
virtual patch
@
depends on !(file in "net")
disable optional_qualifier
@
identifier table_name != {
watchdog_hardlockup_sysctl,
iwcm_ctl_table,
ucma_ctl_table,
memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls,
loadpin_sysctl_table
};
@@
+ const
struct ctl_table table_name [] = { ... };
sed:
sed --in-place \
-e "s/struct ctl_table .table = &uts_kern/const struct ctl_table *table = \&uts_kern/" \
kernel/utsname_sysctl.c
Reviewed-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> # for kernel/trace/
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> # SCSI
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> # xfs
Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Acked-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Bill O'Donnell <bodonnel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ashutosh Dixit <ashutosh.dixit@intel.com>
Acked-by: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
|
|
As ext.c is becoming quite large, move the idle CPU selection policy to
separate files (ext_idle.c / ext_idle.h) for better code readability.
Moreover, group together all the idle CPU selection kfunc's to the same
btf_kfunc_id_set block.
No functional changes, this is purely code reorganization.
Suggested-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
While performing the rq locking dance in dispatch_to_local_dsq(), we may
trigger the following lock imbalance condition, in particular when
multiple tasks are rapidly changing CPU affinity (i.e., running a
`stress-ng --race-sched 0`):
[ 13.413579] =====================================
[ 13.413660] WARNING: bad unlock balance detected!
[ 13.413729] 6.13.0-virtme #15 Not tainted
[ 13.413792] -------------------------------------
[ 13.413859] kworker/1:1/80 is trying to release lock (&rq->__lock) at:
[ 13.413954] [<ffffffff873c6c48>] dispatch_to_local_dsq+0x108/0x1a0
[ 13.414111] but there are no more locks to release!
[ 13.414176]
[ 13.414176] other info that might help us debug this:
[ 13.414258] 1 lock held by kworker/1:1/80:
[ 13.414318] #0: ffff8b66feb41698 (&rq->__lock){-.-.}-{2:2}, at: raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x20/0x90
[ 13.414612]
[ 13.414612] stack backtrace:
[ 13.415255] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 80 Comm: kworker/1:1 Not tainted 6.13.0-virtme #15
[ 13.415505] Workqueue: 0x0 (events)
[ 13.415567] Sched_ext: dsp_local_on (enabled+all), task: runnable_at=-2ms
[ 13.415570] Call Trace:
[ 13.415700] <TASK>
[ 13.415744] dump_stack_lvl+0x78/0xe0
[ 13.415806] ? dispatch_to_local_dsq+0x108/0x1a0
[ 13.415884] print_unlock_imbalance_bug+0x11b/0x130
[ 13.415965] ? dispatch_to_local_dsq+0x108/0x1a0
[ 13.416226] lock_release+0x231/0x2c0
[ 13.416326] _raw_spin_unlock+0x1b/0x40
[ 13.416422] dispatch_to_local_dsq+0x108/0x1a0
[ 13.416554] flush_dispatch_buf+0x199/0x1d0
[ 13.416652] balance_one+0x194/0x370
[ 13.416751] balance_scx+0x61/0x1e0
[ 13.416848] prev_balance+0x43/0xb0
[ 13.416947] __pick_next_task+0x6b/0x1b0
[ 13.417052] __schedule+0x20d/0x1740
This happens because dispatch_to_local_dsq() is racing with
dispatch_dequeue() and, when the latter wins, we incorrectly assume that
the task has been moved to dst_rq.
Fix by properly tracking the currently locked rq.
Fixes: 4d3ca89bdd31 ("sched_ext: Refactor consume_remote_task()")
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
scx_move_task() is called from sched_move_task() and tells the BPF scheduler
that cgroup migration is being committed. sched_move_task() is used by both
cgroup and autogroup migrations and scx_move_task() tried to filter out
autogroup migrations by testing the destination cgroup and PF_EXITING but
this is not enough. In fact, without explicitly tagging the thread which is
doing the cgroup migration, there is no good way to tell apart
scx_move_task() invocations for racing migration to the root cgroup and an
autogroup migration.
This led to scx_move_task() incorrectly ignoring a migration from non-root
cgroup to an autogroup of the root cgroup triggering the following warning:
WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 1 at kernel/sched/ext.c:3725 scx_cgroup_can_attach+0x196/0x340
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
cgroup_migrate_execute+0x5b1/0x700
cgroup_attach_task+0x296/0x400
__cgroup_procs_write+0x128/0x140
cgroup_procs_write+0x17/0x30
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x141/0x1f0
vfs_write+0x31d/0x4a0
__x64_sys_write+0x72/0xf0
do_syscall_64+0x82/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
Fix it by adding an argument to sched_move_task() that indicates whether the
moving is for a cgroup or autogroup migration. After the change,
scx_move_task() is called only for cgroup migrations and renamed to
scx_cgroup_move_task().
Link: https://github.com/sched-ext/scx/issues/370
Fixes: 819513666966 ("sched_ext: Add cgroup support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.12+
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"The various patchsets are summarized below. Plus of course many
indivudual patches which are described in their changelogs.
- "Allocate and free frozen pages" from Matthew Wilcox reorganizes
the page allocator so we end up with the ability to allocate and
free zero-refcount pages. So that callers (ie, slab) can avoid a
refcount inc & dec
- "Support large folios for tmpfs" from Baolin Wang teaches tmpfs to
use large folios other than PMD-sized ones
- "Fix mm/rodata_test" from Petr Tesarik performs some maintenance
and fixes for this small built-in kernel selftest
- "mas_anode_descend() related cleanup" from Wei Yang tidies up part
of the mapletree code
- "mm: fix format issues and param types" from Keren Sun implements a
few minor code cleanups
- "simplify split calculation" from Wei Yang provides a few fixes and
a test for the mapletree code
- "mm/vma: make more mmap logic userland testable" from Lorenzo
Stoakes continues the work of moving vma-related code into the
(relatively) new mm/vma.c
- "mm/page_alloc: gfp flags cleanups for alloc_contig_*()" from David
Hildenbrand cleans up and rationalizes handling of gfp flags in the
page allocator
- "readahead: Reintroduce fix for improper RA window sizing" from Jan
Kara is a second attempt at fixing a readahead window sizing issue.
It should reduce the amount of unnecessary reading
- "synchronously scan and reclaim empty user PTE pages" from Qi Zheng
addresses an issue where "huge" amounts of pte pagetables are
accumulated:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/cover.1718267194.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com/
Qi's series addresses this windup by synchronously freeing PTE
memory within the context of madvise(MADV_DONTNEED)
- "selftest/mm: Remove warnings found by adding compiler flags" from
Muhammad Usama Anjum fixes some build warnings in the selftests
code when optional compiler warnings are enabled
- "mm: don't use __GFP_HARDWALL when migrating remote pages" from
David Hildenbrand tightens the allocator's observance of
__GFP_HARDWALL
- "pkeys kselftests improvements" from Kevin Brodsky implements
various fixes and cleanups in the MM selftests code, mainly
pertaining to the pkeys tests
- "mm/damon: add sample modules" from SeongJae Park enhances DAMON to
estimate application working set size
- "memcg/hugetlb: Rework memcg hugetlb charging" from Joshua Hahn
provides some cleanups to memcg's hugetlb charging logic
- "mm/swap_cgroup: remove global swap cgroup lock" from Kairui Song
removes the global swap cgroup lock. A speedup of 10% for a
tmpfs-based kernel build was demonstrated
- "zram: split page type read/write handling" from Sergey Senozhatsky
has several fixes and cleaups for zram in the area of
zram_write_page(). A watchdog softlockup warning was eliminated
- "move pagetable_*_dtor() to __tlb_remove_table()" from Kevin
Brodsky cleans up the pagetable destructor implementations. A rare
use-after-free race is fixed
- "mm/debug: introduce and use VM_WARN_ON_VMG()" from Lorenzo Stoakes
simplifies and cleans up the debugging code in the VMA merging
logic
- "Account page tables at all levels" from Kevin Brodsky cleans up
and regularizes the pagetable ctor/dtor handling. This results in
improvements in accounting accuracy
- "mm/damon: replace most damon_callback usages in sysfs with new
core functions" from SeongJae Park cleans up and generalizes
DAMON's sysfs file interface logic
- "mm/damon: enable page level properties based monitoring" from
SeongJae Park increases the amount of information which is
presented in response to DAMOS actions
- "mm/damon: remove DAMON debugfs interface" from SeongJae Park
removes DAMON's long-deprecated debugfs interfaces. Thus the
migration to sysfs is completed
- "mm/hugetlb: Refactor hugetlb allocation resv accounting" from
Peter Xu cleans up and generalizes the hugetlb reservation
accounting
- "mm: alloc_pages_bulk: small API refactor" from Luiz Capitulino
removes a never-used feature of the alloc_pages_bulk() interface
- "mm/damon: extend DAMOS filters for inclusion" from SeongJae Park
extends DAMOS filters to support not only exclusion (rejecting),
but also inclusion (allowing) behavior
- "Add zpdesc memory descriptor for zswap.zpool" from Alex Shi
introduces a new memory descriptor for zswap.zpool that currently
overlaps with struct page for now. This is part of the effort to
reduce the size of struct page and to enable dynamic allocation of
memory descriptors
- "mm, swap: rework of swap allocator locks" from Kairui Song redoes
and simplifies the swap allocator locking. A speedup of 400% was
demonstrated for one workload. As was a 35% reduction for kernel
build time with swap-on-zram
- "mm: update mips to use do_mmap(), make mmap_region() internal"
from Lorenzo Stoakes reworks MIPS's use of mmap_region() so that
mmap_region() can be made MM-internal
- "mm/mglru: performance optimizations" from Yu Zhao fixes a few
MGLRU regressions and otherwise improves MGLRU performance
- "Docs/mm/damon: add tuning guide and misc updates" from SeongJae
Park updates DAMON documentation
- "Cleanup for memfd_create()" from Isaac Manjarres does that thing
- "mm: hugetlb+THP folio and migration cleanups" from David
Hildenbrand provides various cleanups in the areas of hugetlb
folios, THP folios and migration
- "Uncached buffered IO" from Jens Axboe implements the new
RWF_DONTCACHE flag which provides synchronous dropbehind for
pagecache reading and writing. To permite userspace to address
issues with massive buildup of useless pagecache when
reading/writing fast devices
- "selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: Reduce memory" from Thomas
Weißschuh fixes and optimizes some of the MM selftests"
* tag 'mm-stable-2025-01-26-14-59' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (321 commits)
mm/compaction: fix UBSAN shift-out-of-bounds warning
s390/mm: add missing ctor/dtor on page table upgrade
kasan: sw_tags: use str_on_off() helper in kasan_init_sw_tags()
tools: add VM_WARN_ON_VMG definition
mm/damon/core: use str_high_low() helper in damos_wmark_wait_us()
seqlock: add missing parameter documentation for raw_seqcount_try_begin()
mm/page-writeback: consolidate wb_thresh bumping logic into __wb_calc_thresh
mm/page_alloc: remove the incorrect and misleading comment
zram: remove zcomp_stream_put() from write_incompressible_page()
mm: separate move/undo parts from migrate_pages_batch()
mm/kfence: use str_write_read() helper in get_access_type()
selftests/mm/mkdirty: fix memory leak in test_uffdio_copy()
kasan: hw_tags: Use str_on_off() helper in kasan_init_hw_tags()
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: avoid reading from VM_IO mappings
selftests/mm: vm_util: split up /proc/self/smaps parsing
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: unmap chunks after validation
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: mmap() without PROT_WRITE
selftests/memfd/memfd_test: fix possible NULL pointer dereference
mm: add FGP_DONTCACHE folio creation flag
mm: call filemap_fdatawrite_range_kick() after IOCB_DONTCACHE issue
...
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