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Patch series "test_hash.c: refactor into KUnit", v3.
We refactored the lib/test_hash.c file into KUnit as part of the student
group LKCAMP [1] introductory hackathon for kernel development.
This test was pointed to our group by Daniel Latypov [2], so its full
conversion into a pure KUnit test was our goal in this patch series, but
we ran into many problems relating to it not being split as unit tests,
which complicated matters a bit, as the reasoning behind the original
tests is quite cryptic for those unfamiliar with hash implementations.
Some interesting developments we'd like to highlight are:
- In patch 1/5 we noticed that there was an unused define directive
that could be removed.
- In patch 4/5 we noticed how stringhash and hash tests are all under
the lib/test_hash.c file, which might cause some confusion, and we
also broke those kernel config entries up.
Overall KUnit developments have been made in the other patches in this
series:
In patches 2/5, 3/5 and 5/5 we refactored the lib/test_hash.c file so as
to make it more compatible with the KUnit style, whilst preserving the
original idea of the maintainer who designed it (i.e. George Spelvin),
which might be undesirable for unit tests, but we assume it is enough
for a first patch.
This patch (of 5):
Currently, there exist hash_32() and __hash_32() functions, which were
introduced in a patch [1] targeting architecture specific optimizations.
These functions can be overridden on a per-architecture basis to achieve
such optimizations. They must set their corresponding define directive
(HAVE_ARCH_HASH_32 and HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32, respectively) so that header
files can deal with these overrides properly.
As the supported 32-bit architectures that have their own hash function
implementation (i.e. m68k, Microblaze, H8/300, pa-risc) have only been
making use of the (more general) __hash_32() function (which only lacks
a right shift operation when compared to the hash_32() function), remove
the define directive corresponding to the arch-specific hash_32()
implementation.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20160525073311.5600.qmail@ns.sciencehorizons.net/
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: hash_32_generic() becomes hash_32()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211208183711.390454-1-isabbasso@riseup.net
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211208183711.390454-2-isabbasso@riseup.net
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Tested-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Co-developed-by: Augusto Durães Camargo <augusto.duraes33@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Augusto Durães Camargo <augusto.duraes33@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Enzo Ferreira <ferreiraenzoa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Enzo Ferreira <ferreiraenzoa@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Isabella Basso <isabbasso@riseup.net>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@google.com>
Cc: Daniel Latypov <dlatypov@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Rodrigo Siqueira <rodrigosiqueiramelo@gmail.com>
Cc: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This is just the infrastructure; there are no users yet.
This is modelled on CONFIG_ARCH_RANDOM; a CONFIG_ symbol declares
the existence of <asm/hash.h>.
That file may define its own versions of various functions, and define
HAVE_* symbols (no CONFIG_ prefix!) to suppress the generic ones.
Included is a self-test (in lib/test_hash.c) that verifies the basics.
It is NOT in general required that the arch-specific functions compute
the same thing as the generic, but if a HAVE_* symbol is defined with
the value 1, then equality is tested.
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@sciencehorizons.net>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Philippe De Muyter <phdm@macq.eu>
Cc: linux-m68k@lists.linux-m68k.org
Cc: Alistair Francis <alistai@xilinx.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: uclinux-h8-devel@lists.sourceforge.jp
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The "simplified" prime multipliers made very bad hash functions, so get rid
of them. This completes the work of 689de1d6ca.
To avoid the inefficiency which was the motivation for the "simplified"
multipliers, hash_64() on 32-bit systems is changed to use a different
algorithm. It makes two calls to hash_32() instead.
drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb-v2/af9015.c uses the old GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_32
for some horrible reason, so it inherits a copy of the old definition.
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@sciencehorizons.net>
Cc: Antti Palosaari <crope@iki.fi>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <m.chehab@samsung.com>
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That's all that's ever asked for, and it makes the return
type of hash_long() consistent.
It also allows (upcoming patch) an optimized implementation
of hash_64 on 32-bit machines.
I tried adding a BUILD_BUG_ON to ensure the number of bits requested
was never more than 32 (most callers use a compile-time constant), but
adding <linux/bug.h> to <linux/hash.h> breaks the tools/perf compiler
unless tools/perf/MANIFEST is updated, and understanding that code base
well enough to update it is too much trouble. I did the rest of an
allyesconfig build with such a check, and nothing tripped.
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@sciencehorizons.net>
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This is a fairly minimal fixup to the horribly bad behavior of hash_64()
with certain input patterns.
In particular, because the multiplicative value used for the 64-bit hash
was intentionally bit-sparse (so that the multiply could be done with
shifts and adds on architectures without hardware multipliers), some
bits did not get spread out very much. In particular, certain fairly
common bit ranges in the input (roughly bits 12-20: commonly with the
most information in them when you hash things like byte offsets in files
or memory that have block factors that mean that the low bits are often
zero) would not necessarily show up much in the result.
There's a bigger patch-series brewing to fix up things more completely,
but this is the fairly minimal fix for the 64-bit hashing problem. It
simply picks a much better constant multiplier, spreading the bits out a
lot better.
NOTE! For 32-bit architectures, the bad old hash_64() remains the same
for now, since 64-bit multiplies are expensive. The bigger hashing
cleanup will replace the 32-bit case with something better.
The new constants were picked by George Spelvin who wrote that bigger
cleanup series. I just picked out the constants and part of the comment
from that series.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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As there are now no remaining users of arch_fast_hash(), lets kill
it entirely.
This basically reverts commit 71ae8aac3e19 ("lib: introduce arch
optimized hash library") and follow-up work, that is f.e., commit
237217546d44 ("lib: hash: follow-up fixups for arch hash"),
commit e3fec2f74f7f ("lib: Add missing arch generic-y entries for
asm-generic/hash.h") and last but not least commit 6a02652df511
("perf tools: Fix include for non x86 architectures").
Cc: Francesco Fusco <fusco@ntop.org>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This reverts commit e5a2c899957659cd1a9f789bc462f9c0b35f5150.
Commit e5a2c899 introduced an alternative_call, arch_fast_hash2,
that selects between __jhash2 and __intel_crc4_2_hash based on the
X86_FEATURE_XMM4_2.
Unfortunately, the alternative_call system does not appear to be
suitable for use with C functions, as register usage is not handled
properly for the called functions. The __jhash2 function in particular
clobbers registers that are not preserved when called via
alternative_call, resulting in a panic for direct callers of
arch_fast_hash2 on older CPUs lacking sse4_2. It is possible that
__intel_crc4_2_hash works merely by chance because it uses fewer
registers.
This commit was suggested as the source of the problem by Jesse
Gross <jesse@nicira.com>.
Signed-off-by: Jay Vosburgh <jay.vosburgh@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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By default the arch_fast_hash hashing function pointers are initialized
to jhash(2). If during boot-up a CPU with SSE4.2 is detected they get
updated to the CRC32 ones. This dispatching scheme incurs a function
pointer lookup and indirect call for every hashing operation.
rhashtable as a user of arch_fast_hash e.g. stores pointers to hashing
functions in its structure, too, causing two indirect branches per
hashing operation.
Using alternative_call we can get away with one of those indirect branches.
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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The hash_64() function historically does the multiply by the
GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_64 number with explicit shifts and adds, because
unlike the 32-bit case, gcc seems unable to turn the constant multiply
into the more appropriate shift and adds when required.
However, that means that we generate those shifts and adds even when the
architecture has a fast multiplier, and could just do it better in
hardware.
Use the now-cleaned-up CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_FAST_MULTIPLIER (together with
"is it a 64-bit architecture") to decide whether to use an integer
multiply or the explicit sequence of shift/add instructions.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We introduce a new hashing library that is meant to be used in
the contexts where speed is more important than uniformity of the
hashed values. The hash library leverages architecture specific
implementation to achieve high performance and fall backs to
jhash() for the generic case.
On Intel-based x86 architectures, the library can exploit the crc32l
instruction, part of the Intel SSE4.2 instruction set, if the
instruction is supported by the processor. This implementation
is twice as fast as the jhash() implementation on an i7 processor.
Additional architectures, such as Arm64 provide instructions for
accelerating the computation of CRC, so they could be added as well
in follow-up work.
Signed-off-by: Francesco Fusco <ffusco@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Because hash_64() is called from the get_kprobe() inside
int3 handler, kernel causes int3 recursion and crashes if
kprobes user puts a probe on it.
Usually hash_64() is inlined into caller function, but in
some cases, it has instances by gcc's interprocedural
constant propagation.
This patch uses __always_inline instead of inline to
prevent gcc from doing such things.
Reported-by: Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com>
Cc: yrl.pp-manager.tt@hitachi.com
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130314115230.19690.39387.stgit@mhiramat-M0-7522
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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I've legally changed my name with New York State, the US Social Security
Administration, et al. This patch propagates the name change and change
in initials and login to comments in the kernel source as well.
Signed-off-by: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
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Eric noticed, that when there will be devices with equal indices, some
hash functions that use them will become less effective as they could.
Fix this in advance by mixing the net_device address into the hash value
instead of the device index.
This is true for arp and ndisc hash fns. The netlabel, can and llc ones
are also ifindex-based, but that three are init_net-only, thus will not
be affected.
Many thanks to David and Eric for the hash32_ptr implementation!
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Followup to 33dd4e0ec911 "mm: make some struct page's const" which missed the
HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL case.
Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The 32-bit version is more efficient (and apparently gives better hash
results than the 64-bit version), so users who are only hashing a 32-bit
quantity can now opt to use the 32-bit version explicitly, rather than
promoting to a long.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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