16 files changed, 313 insertions, 286 deletions

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/Makefile b/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
index b02796c8a595..f6d86eb4b976 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/Makefile
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ bcachefs-y		:=	\
 	quota.o			\
 	rebalance.o		\
 	recovery.o		\
+	recovery_passes.o	\
 	reflink.o		\
 	replicas.o		\
 	sb-clean.o		\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
index a9ade0b1f78c..963162a627cd 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bcachefs.h
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
 #include "fifo.h"
 #include "nocow_locking_types.h"
 #include "opts.h"
-#include "recovery_types.h"
+#include "recovery_passes_types.h"
 #include "sb-errors_types.h"
 #include "seqmutex.h"
 #include "time_stats.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 0afefccf4e52..e5d2c6daa663 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "journal.h"
 #include "keylist.h"
 #include "move.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "reflink.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
index 9c4325786ba8..983bb27298cc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "journal.h"
 #include "journal_reclaim.h"
 #include "keylist.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 #include "trace.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c b/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
index 38defa19d52d..cbfa6459bdbc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "chardev.h"
 #include "journal.h"
 #include "move.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "super.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/error.c b/fs/bcachefs/error.c
index 043431206799..f942a3947496 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/error.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/error.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "bcachefs.h"
 #include "error.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "super.h"
 #include "thread_with_file.h"
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
index 6d8367ab5ddd..aca6fae409cd 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "inode.h"
 #include "keylist.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "snapshot.h"
 #include "super.h"
 #include "xattr.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
index 03f9d6afe467..f9e2b011f6d4 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
@@ -1,35 +1,30 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
-#include "backpointers.h"
-#include "bkey_buf.h"
 #include "alloc_background.h"
-#include "btree_gc.h"
+#include "bkey_buf.h"
 #include "btree_journal_iter.h"
 #include "btree_update.h"
 #include "btree_update_interior.h"
 #include "btree_io.h"
 #include "buckets.h"
 #include "dirent.h"
-#include "ec.h"
 #include "errcode.h"
 #include "error.h"
 #include "fs-common.h"
-#include "fsck.h"
 #include "journal_io.h"
 #include "journal_reclaim.h"
 #include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
-#include "lru.h"
 #include "logged_ops.h"
 #include "move.h"
 #include "quota.h"
 #include "rebalance.h"
 #include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "sb-clean.h"
 #include "sb-downgrade.h"
 #include "snapshot.h"
-#include "subvolume.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 
 #include <linux/sort.h>
@@ -186,7 +181,7 @@ static int journal_sort_seq_cmp(const void *_l, const void *_r)
 	return cmp_int(l->journal_seq, r->journal_seq);
 }
 
-static int bch2_journal_replay(struct bch_fs *c)
+int bch2_journal_replay(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	struct journal_keys *keys = &c->journal_keys;
 	DARRAY(struct journal_key *) keys_sorted = { 0 };
@@ -471,150 +466,6 @@ fsck_err:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_initialize_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	struct bkey_i_snapshot_tree	root_tree;
-	struct bkey_i_snapshot		root_snapshot;
-	struct bkey_i_subvolume		root_volume;
-	int ret;
-
-	bkey_snapshot_tree_init(&root_tree.k_i);
-	root_tree.k.p.offset		= 1;
-	root_tree.v.master_subvol	= cpu_to_le32(1);
-	root_tree.v.root_snapshot	= cpu_to_le32(U32_MAX);
-
-	bkey_snapshot_init(&root_snapshot.k_i);
-	root_snapshot.k.p.offset = U32_MAX;
-	root_snapshot.v.flags	= 0;
-	root_snapshot.v.parent	= 0;
-	root_snapshot.v.subvol	= cpu_to_le32(BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL);
-	root_snapshot.v.tree	= cpu_to_le32(1);
-	SET_BCH_SNAPSHOT_SUBVOL(&root_snapshot.v, true);
-
-	bkey_subvolume_init(&root_volume.k_i);
-	root_volume.k.p.offset = BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL;
-	root_volume.v.flags	= 0;
-	root_volume.v.snapshot	= cpu_to_le32(U32_MAX);
-	root_volume.v.inode	= cpu_to_le64(BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO);
-
-	ret =   bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_snapshot_trees,	&root_tree.k_i, NULL, 0) ?:
-		bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_snapshots,	&root_snapshot.k_i, NULL, 0) ?:
-		bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_subvolumes,	&root_volume.k_i, NULL, 0);
-	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int __bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-	struct btree_iter iter;
-	struct bkey_s_c k;
-	struct bch_inode_unpacked inode;
-	int ret;
-
-	k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &iter, BTREE_ID_inodes,
-			       SPOS(0, BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO, U32_MAX), 0);
-	ret = bkey_err(k);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!bkey_is_inode(k.k)) {
-		bch_err(trans->c, "root inode not found");
-		ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOENT_inode;
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	ret = bch2_inode_unpack(k, &inode);
-	BUG_ON(ret);
-
-	inode.bi_subvol = BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL;
-
-	ret = bch2_inode_write(trans, &iter, &inode);
-err:
-	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/* set bi_subvol on root inode */
-noinline_for_stack
-static int bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	int ret = bch2_trans_do(c, NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_lazy_rw,
-				__bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(trans));
-	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-const char * const bch2_recovery_passes[] = {
-#define x(_fn, ...)	#_fn,
-	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
-#undef x
-	NULL
-};
-
-static int bch2_check_allocations(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	return bch2_gc(c, true, c->opts.norecovery);
-}
-
-static int bch2_set_may_go_rw(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	struct journal_keys *keys = &c->journal_keys;
-
-	/*
-	 * After we go RW, the journal keys buffer can't be modified (except for
-	 * setting journal_key->overwritten: it will be accessed by multiple
-	 * threads
-	 */
-	move_gap(keys, keys->nr);
-
-	set_bit(BCH_FS_may_go_rw, &c->flags);
-
-	if (keys->nr || c->opts.fsck || !c->sb.clean)
-		return bch2_fs_read_write_early(c);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-struct recovery_pass_fn {
-	int		(*fn)(struct bch_fs *);
-	unsigned	when;
-};
-
-static struct recovery_pass_fn recovery_pass_fns[] = {
-#define x(_fn, _id, _when)	{ .fn = bch2_##_fn, .when = _when },
-	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
-#undef x
-};
-
-u64 bch2_recovery_passes_to_stable(u64 v)
-{
-	static const u8 map[] = {
-#define x(n, id, ...)	[BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_##n] = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_STABLE_##n,
-	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
-#undef x
-	};
-
-	u64 ret = 0;
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(map); i++)
-		if (v & BIT_ULL(i))
-			ret |= BIT_ULL(map[i]);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-u64 bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(u64 v)
-{
-	static const u8 map[] = {
-#define x(n, id, ...)	[BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_STABLE_##n] = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_##n,
-	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
-#undef x
-	};
-
-	u64 ret = 0;
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(map); i++)
-		if (v & BIT_ULL(i))
-			ret |= BIT_ULL(map[i]);
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static bool check_version_upgrade(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	unsigned latest_version	= bcachefs_metadata_version_current;
@@ -687,96 +538,6 @@ static bool check_version_upgrade(struct bch_fs *c)
 	return false;
 }
 
-u64 bch2_fsck_recovery_passes(void)
-{
-	u64 ret = 0;
-
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns); i++)
-		if (recovery_pass_fns[i].when & PASS_FSCK)
-			ret |= BIT_ULL(i);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static bool should_run_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c, enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
-{
-	struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + pass;
-
-	if (c->opts.norecovery && pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_snapshots_read)
-		return false;
-	if (c->recovery_passes_explicit & BIT_ULL(pass))
-		return true;
-	if ((p->when & PASS_FSCK) && c->opts.fsck)
-		return true;
-	if ((p->when & PASS_UNCLEAN) && !c->sb.clean)
-		return true;
-	if (p->when & PASS_ALWAYS)
-		return true;
-	return false;
-}
-
-static int bch2_run_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c, enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
-{
-	struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + pass;
-	int ret;
-
-	if (!(p->when & PASS_SILENT))
-		bch2_print(c, KERN_INFO bch2_log_msg(c, "%s..."),
-			   bch2_recovery_passes[pass]);
-	ret = p->fn(c);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-	if (!(p->when & PASS_SILENT))
-		bch2_print(c, KERN_CONT " done\n");
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int bch2_run_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	while (c->curr_recovery_pass < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns)) {
-		if (should_run_recovery_pass(c, c->curr_recovery_pass)) {
-			unsigned pass = c->curr_recovery_pass;
-
-			ret = bch2_run_recovery_pass(c, c->curr_recovery_pass);
-			if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_restart_recovery) ||
-			    (ret && c->curr_recovery_pass < pass))
-				continue;
-			if (ret)
-				break;
-
-			c->recovery_passes_complete |= BIT_ULL(c->curr_recovery_pass);
-		}
-		c->curr_recovery_pass++;
-		c->recovery_pass_done = max(c->recovery_pass_done, c->curr_recovery_pass);
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int bch2_run_online_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns); i++) {
-		struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + i;
-
-		if (!(p->when & PASS_ONLINE))
-			continue;
-
-		ret = bch2_run_recovery_pass(c, i);
-		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_restart_recovery)) {
-			i = c->curr_recovery_pass;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (ret)
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean = NULL;
@@ -1155,7 +916,7 @@ int bch2_fs_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
-	c->curr_recovery_pass = ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns);
+	c->curr_recovery_pass = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_NR;
 	set_bit(BCH_FS_may_go_rw, &c->flags);
 
 	for (unsigned i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
@@ -1230,7 +991,7 @@ int bch2_fs_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
-	c->recovery_pass_done = ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns) - 1;
+	c->recovery_pass_done = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_NR - 1;
 
 	if (enabled_qtypes(c)) {
 		ret = bch2_fs_quota_read(c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.h b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.h
index 4e9d24719b2e..3962fd87b50d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.h
@@ -2,37 +2,7 @@
 #ifndef _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_H
 #define _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_H
 
-extern const char * const bch2_recovery_passes[];
-
-u64 bch2_recovery_passes_to_stable(u64 v);
-u64 bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(u64 v);
-
-/*
- * For when we need to rewind recovery passes and run a pass we skipped:
- */
-static inline int bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c,
-						  enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
-{
-	if (c->recovery_passes_explicit & BIT_ULL(pass))
-		return 0;
-
-	bch_info(c, "running explicit recovery pass %s (%u), currently at %s (%u)",
-		 bch2_recovery_passes[pass], pass,
-		 bch2_recovery_passes[c->curr_recovery_pass], c->curr_recovery_pass);
-
-	c->recovery_passes_explicit |= BIT_ULL(pass);
-
-	if (c->curr_recovery_pass >= pass) {
-		c->curr_recovery_pass = pass;
-		c->recovery_passes_complete &= (1ULL << pass) >> 1;
-		return -BCH_ERR_restart_recovery;
-	} else {
-		return 0;
-	}
-}
-
-int bch2_run_online_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *);
-u64 bch2_fsck_recovery_passes(void);
+int bch2_journal_replay(struct bch_fs *);
 
 int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *);
 int bch2_fs_initialize(struct bch_fs *);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.c b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bab586dc395a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include "bcachefs.h"
+#include "alloc_background.h"
+#include "backpointers.h"
+#include "btree_gc.h"
+#include "ec.h"
+#include "fsck.h"
+#include "inode.h"
+#include "journal.h"
+#include "lru.h"
+#include "logged_ops.h"
+#include "rebalance.h"
+#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
+#include "snapshot.h"
+#include "subvolume.h"
+#include "super.h"
+
+const char * const bch2_recovery_passes[] = {
+#define x(_fn, ...)	#_fn,
+	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
+#undef x
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int bch2_check_allocations(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	return bch2_gc(c, true, c->opts.norecovery);
+}
+
+static int bch2_set_may_go_rw(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	struct journal_keys *keys = &c->journal_keys;
+
+	/*
+	 * After we go RW, the journal keys buffer can't be modified (except for
+	 * setting journal_key->overwritten: it will be accessed by multiple
+	 * threads
+	 */
+	move_gap(keys, keys->nr);
+
+	set_bit(BCH_FS_may_go_rw, &c->flags);
+
+	if (keys->nr || c->opts.fsck || !c->sb.clean)
+		return bch2_fs_read_write_early(c);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct recovery_pass_fn {
+	int		(*fn)(struct bch_fs *);
+	unsigned	when;
+};
+
+static struct recovery_pass_fn recovery_pass_fns[] = {
+#define x(_fn, _id, _when)	{ .fn = bch2_##_fn, .when = _when },
+	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
+#undef x
+};
+
+u64 bch2_recovery_passes_to_stable(u64 v)
+{
+	static const u8 map[] = {
+#define x(n, id, ...)	[BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_##n] = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_STABLE_##n,
+	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
+#undef x
+	};
+
+	u64 ret = 0;
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(map); i++)
+		if (v & BIT_ULL(i))
+			ret |= BIT_ULL(map[i]);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+u64 bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(u64 v)
+{
+	static const u8 map[] = {
+#define x(n, id, ...)	[BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_STABLE_##n] = BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_##n,
+	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
+#undef x
+	};
+
+	u64 ret = 0;
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(map); i++)
+		if (v & BIT_ULL(i))
+			ret |= BIT_ULL(map[i]);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For when we need to rewind recovery passes and run a pass we skipped:
+ */
+int bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c,
+				    enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
+{
+	if (c->recovery_passes_explicit & BIT_ULL(pass))
+		return 0;
+
+	bch_info(c, "running explicit recovery pass %s (%u), currently at %s (%u)",
+		 bch2_recovery_passes[pass], pass,
+		 bch2_recovery_passes[c->curr_recovery_pass], c->curr_recovery_pass);
+
+	c->recovery_passes_explicit |= BIT_ULL(pass);
+
+	if (c->curr_recovery_pass >= pass) {
+		c->curr_recovery_pass = pass;
+		c->recovery_passes_complete &= (1ULL << pass) >> 1;
+		return -BCH_ERR_restart_recovery;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+u64 bch2_fsck_recovery_passes(void)
+{
+	u64 ret = 0;
+
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns); i++)
+		if (recovery_pass_fns[i].when & PASS_FSCK)
+			ret |= BIT_ULL(i);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static bool should_run_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c, enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
+{
+	struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + pass;
+
+	if (c->opts.norecovery && pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_snapshots_read)
+		return false;
+	if (c->recovery_passes_explicit & BIT_ULL(pass))
+		return true;
+	if ((p->when & PASS_FSCK) && c->opts.fsck)
+		return true;
+	if ((p->when & PASS_UNCLEAN) && !c->sb.clean)
+		return true;
+	if (p->when & PASS_ALWAYS)
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+static int bch2_run_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *c, enum bch_recovery_pass pass)
+{
+	struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + pass;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!(p->when & PASS_SILENT))
+		bch2_print(c, KERN_INFO bch2_log_msg(c, "%s..."),
+			   bch2_recovery_passes[pass]);
+	ret = p->fn(c);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	if (!(p->when & PASS_SILENT))
+		bch2_print(c, KERN_CONT " done\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int bch2_run_online_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns); i++) {
+		struct recovery_pass_fn *p = recovery_pass_fns + i;
+
+		if (!(p->when & PASS_ONLINE))
+			continue;
+
+		ret = bch2_run_recovery_pass(c, i);
+		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_restart_recovery)) {
+			i = c->curr_recovery_pass;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int bch2_run_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	while (c->curr_recovery_pass < ARRAY_SIZE(recovery_pass_fns)) {
+		if (should_run_recovery_pass(c, c->curr_recovery_pass)) {
+			unsigned pass = c->curr_recovery_pass;
+
+			ret = bch2_run_recovery_pass(c, c->curr_recovery_pass);
+			if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_restart_recovery) ||
+			    (ret && c->curr_recovery_pass < pass))
+				continue;
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+
+			c->recovery_passes_complete |= BIT_ULL(c->curr_recovery_pass);
+		}
+		c->curr_recovery_pass++;
+		c->recovery_pass_done = max(c->recovery_pass_done, c->curr_recovery_pass);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.h b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..abefa67749eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_H
+#define _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_H
+
+extern const char * const bch2_recovery_passes[];
+
+u64 bch2_recovery_passes_to_stable(u64 v);
+u64 bch2_recovery_passes_from_stable(u64 v);
+
+u64 bch2_fsck_recovery_passes(void);
+
+int bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(struct bch_fs *, enum bch_recovery_pass);
+
+int bch2_run_online_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *);
+int bch2_run_recovery_passes(struct bch_fs *);
+
+#endif /* _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes_types.h
index 4959e95e7c74..09c1ab032a67 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery_passes_types.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
-#ifndef _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_TYPES_H
-#define _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_TYPES_H
+#ifndef _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_TYPES_H
+#define _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_TYPES_H
 
 #define PASS_SILENT		BIT(0)
 #define PASS_FSCK		BIT(1)
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ enum bch_recovery_pass {
 #define x(n, id, when)	BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_##n,
 	BCH_RECOVERY_PASSES()
 #undef x
+	BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_NR
 };
 
 /* But we also need stable identifiers that can be used in the superblock */
@@ -65,4 +66,4 @@ enum bch_recovery_pass_stable {
 #undef x
 };
 
-#endif /* _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_TYPES_H */
+#endif /* _BCACHEFS_RECOVERY_PASSES_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
index e4396cb0bacb..d6f81179c3a2 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-downgrade.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
 #include "darray.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "sb-downgrade.h"
 #include "sb-errors.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
index ce7aed121942..88a79c823276 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
@@ -595,6 +595,78 @@ err:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int bch2_initialize_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	struct bkey_i_snapshot_tree	root_tree;
+	struct bkey_i_snapshot		root_snapshot;
+	struct bkey_i_subvolume		root_volume;
+	int ret;
+
+	bkey_snapshot_tree_init(&root_tree.k_i);
+	root_tree.k.p.offset		= 1;
+	root_tree.v.master_subvol	= cpu_to_le32(1);
+	root_tree.v.root_snapshot	= cpu_to_le32(U32_MAX);
+
+	bkey_snapshot_init(&root_snapshot.k_i);
+	root_snapshot.k.p.offset = U32_MAX;
+	root_snapshot.v.flags	= 0;
+	root_snapshot.v.parent	= 0;
+	root_snapshot.v.subvol	= cpu_to_le32(BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL);
+	root_snapshot.v.tree	= cpu_to_le32(1);
+	SET_BCH_SNAPSHOT_SUBVOL(&root_snapshot.v, true);
+
+	bkey_subvolume_init(&root_volume.k_i);
+	root_volume.k.p.offset = BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL;
+	root_volume.v.flags	= 0;
+	root_volume.v.snapshot	= cpu_to_le32(U32_MAX);
+	root_volume.v.inode	= cpu_to_le64(BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO);
+
+	ret =   bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_snapshot_trees,	&root_tree.k_i, NULL, 0) ?:
+		bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_snapshots,	&root_snapshot.k_i, NULL, 0) ?:
+		bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_subvolumes,	&root_volume.k_i, NULL, 0);
+	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int __bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct bkey_s_c k;
+	struct bch_inode_unpacked inode;
+	int ret;
+
+	k = bch2_bkey_get_iter(trans, &iter, BTREE_ID_inodes,
+			       SPOS(0, BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO, U32_MAX), 0);
+	ret = bkey_err(k);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!bkey_is_inode(k.k)) {
+		bch_err(trans->c, "root inode not found");
+		ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOENT_inode;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	ret = bch2_inode_unpack(k, &inode);
+	BUG_ON(ret);
+
+	inode.bi_subvol = BCACHEFS_ROOT_SUBVOL;
+
+	ret = bch2_inode_write(trans, &iter, &inode);
+err:
+	bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* set bi_subvol on root inode */
+int bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	int ret = bch2_trans_do(c, NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_lazy_rw,
+				__bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(trans));
+	bch_err_fn(c, ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int bch2_fs_subvolumes_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	INIT_WORK(&c->snapshot_delete_work, bch2_delete_dead_snapshots_work);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
index 903c05162c06..d2015d549bd2 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ void bch2_delete_dead_snapshots_async(struct bch_fs *);
 int bch2_subvolume_unlink(struct btree_trans *, u32);
 int bch2_subvolume_create(struct btree_trans *, u64, u32, u32, u32 *, u32 *, bool);
 
+int bch2_initialize_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *);
+int bch2_fs_upgrade_for_subvolumes(struct bch_fs *);
+
 int bch2_fs_subvolumes_init(struct bch_fs *);
 
 #endif /* _BCACHEFS_SUBVOLUME_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
index ad28e370b640..e15f8b1f30c2 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/super-io.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "journal.h"
 #include "journal_sb.h"
 #include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
-#include "recovery.h"
+#include "recovery_passes.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "quota.h"
 #include "sb-clean.h"