diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
35 files changed, 1071 insertions, 858 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Changes b/Documentation/Changes index cb2b141b1c3e..b95082be4d5e 100644 --- a/Documentation/Changes +++ b/Documentation/Changes @@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version o binutils 2.12 # ld -v o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V -o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs +o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V +o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version +o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version diff --git a/Documentation/CodingStyle b/Documentation/CodingStyle index 1875e502f872..72968cd5eaf3 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingStyle +++ b/Documentation/CodingStyle @@ -483,17 +483,25 @@ values. To do the latter, you can stick the following in your .emacs file: (* (max steps 1) c-basic-offset))) +(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook + (lambda () + ;; Add kernel style + (c-add-style + "linux-tabs-only" + '("linux" (c-offsets-alist + (arglist-cont-nonempty + c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg + c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only)))))) + (add-hook 'c-mode-hook (lambda () (let ((filename (buffer-file-name))) ;; Enable kernel mode for the appropriate files (when (and filename - (string-match "~/src/linux-trees" filename)) + (string-match (expand-file-name "~/src/linux-trees") + filename)) (setq indent-tabs-mode t) - (c-set-style "linux") - (c-set-offset 'arglist-cont-nonempty - '(c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg - c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only)))))) + (c-set-style "linux-tabs-only"))))) This will make emacs go better with the kernel coding style for C files below ~/src/linux-trees. diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt index b462bb149543..2a3fcc55e981 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This document describes the DMA API. For a more gentle introduction phrased in terms of the pci_ equivalents (and actual examples) see -DMA-mapping.txt +Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt. This API is split into two pieces. Part I describes the API and the corresponding pci_ API. Part II describes the extensions to the API @@ -170,16 +170,15 @@ Returns: 0 if successful and a negative error if not. u64 dma_get_required_mask(struct device *dev) -After setting the mask with dma_set_mask(), this API returns the -actual mask (within that already set) that the platform actually -requires to operate efficiently. Usually this means the returned mask +This API returns the mask that the platform requires to +operate efficiently. Usually this means the returned mask is the minimum required to cover all of memory. Examining the required mask gives drivers with variable descriptor sizes the opportunity to use smaller descriptors as necessary. Requesting the required mask does not alter the current mask. If you -wish to take advantage of it, you should issue another dma_set_mask() -call to lower the mask again. +wish to take advantage of it, you should issue a dma_set_mask() +call to set the mask to the value returned. Part Id - Streaming DMA mappings diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl index b787e4721c90..52e1b79ce0e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl @@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ GPL version 2. <revhistory> <revision> + <revnumber>0.7</revnumber> + <date>2008-12-23</date> + <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> + <revremark>Added generic platform drivers and offset attribute.</revremark> + </revision> + <revision> <revnumber>0.6</revnumber> <date>2008-12-05</date> <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> @@ -312,6 +318,16 @@ interested in translating it, please email me pointed to by addr. </para> </listitem> +<listitem> + <para> + <filename>offset</filename>: The offset, in bytes, that has to be + added to the pointer returned by <function>mmap()</function> to get + to the actual device memory. This is important if the device's memory + is not page aligned. Remember that pointers returned by + <function>mmap()</function> are always page aligned, so it is good + style to always add this offset. + </para> +</listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> @@ -594,6 +610,78 @@ framework to set up sysfs files for this region. Simply leave it alone. </para> </sect1> +<sect1 id="using_uio_pdrv"> +<title>Using uio_pdrv for platform devices</title> + <para> + In many cases, UIO drivers for platform devices can be handled in a + generic way. In the same place where you define your + <varname>struct platform_device</varname>, you simply also implement + your interrupt handler and fill your + <varname>struct uio_info</varname>. A pointer to this + <varname>struct uio_info</varname> is then used as + <varname>platform_data</varname> for your platform device. + </para> + <para> + You also need to set up an array of <varname>struct resource</varname> + containing addresses and sizes of your memory mappings. This + information is passed to the driver using the + <varname>.resource</varname> and <varname>.num_resources</varname> + elements of <varname>struct platform_device</varname>. + </para> + <para> + You now have to set the <varname>.name</varname> element of + <varname>struct platform_device</varname> to + <varname>"uio_pdrv"</varname> to use the generic UIO platform device + driver. This driver will fill the <varname>mem[]</varname> array + according to the resources given, and register the device. + </para> + <para> + The advantage of this approach is that you only have to edit a file + you need to edit anyway. You do not have to create an extra driver. + </para> +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="using_uio_pdrv_genirq"> +<title>Using uio_pdrv_genirq for platform devices</title> + <para> + Especially in embedded devices, you frequently find chips where the + irq pin is tied to its own dedicated interrupt line. In such cases, + where you can be really sure the interrupt is not shared, we can take + the concept of <varname>uio_pdrv</varname> one step further and use a + generic interrupt handler. That's what + <varname>uio_pdrv_genirq</varname> does. + </para> + <para> + The setup for this driver is the same as described above for + <varname>uio_pdrv</varname>, except that you do not implement an + interrupt handler. The <varname>.handler</varname> element of + <varname>struct uio_info</varname> must remain + <varname>NULL</varname>. The <varname>.irq_flags</varname> element + must not contain <varname>IRQF_SHARED</varname>. + </para> + <para> + You will set the <varname>.name</varname> element of + <varname>struct platform_device</varname> to + <varname>"uio_pdrv_genirq"</varname> to use this driver. + </para> + <para> + The generic interrupt handler of <varname>uio_pdrv_genirq</varname> + will simply disable the interrupt line using + <function>disable_irq_nosync()</function>. After doing its work, + userspace can reenable the interrupt by writing 0x00000001 to the UIO + device file. The driver already implements an + <function>irq_control()</function> to make this possible, you must not + implement your own. + </para> + <para> + Using <varname>uio_pdrv_genirq</varname> not only saves a few lines of + interrupt handler code. You also do not need to know anything about + the chip's internal registers to create the kernel part of the driver. + All you need to know is the irq number of the pin the chip is + connected to. + </para> +</sect1> + </chapter> <chapter id="userspace_driver" xreflabel="Writing a driver in user space"> diff --git a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt b/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt index 86edb61bdee6..78a440695e11 100644 --- a/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt +++ b/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ NOTE: The virt_to_bus() and bus_to_virt() functions have been - superseded by the functionality provided by the PCI DMA - interface (see Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt). They continue + superseded by the functionality provided by the PCI DMA interface + (see Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt). They continue to be documented below for historical purposes, but new code must not use them. --davidm 00/12/12 ] diff --git a/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c b/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c index cc49400b4af8..7ea231172c85 100644 --- a/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c +++ b/Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c @@ -392,6 +392,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) goto err; } } + if (!maskset && !tid && !containerset) { + usage(); + goto err; + } do { int i; diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index 3c5434c83daf..ecad6ee75705 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -186,8 +186,9 @@ a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and low-memory pages. -Note: Please refer to DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion on PCI high mem DMA -aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support for 64 bit PCI. +Note: Please refer to Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion +on PCI high mem DMA aspects and mapping of scatter gather lists, and support +for 64 bit PCI. Special handling is required only for cases where i/o needs to happen on pages at physical memory addresses beyond what the device can support. In these @@ -953,14 +954,14 @@ elevator_allow_merge_fn called whenever the block layer determines results in some sort of conflict internally, this hook allows it to do that. -elevator_dispatch_fn fills the dispatch queue with ready requests. +elevator_dispatch_fn* fills the dispatch queue with ready requests. I/O schedulers are free to postpone requests by not filling the dispatch queue unless @force is non-zero. Once dispatched, I/O schedulers are not allowed to manipulate the requests - they belong to generic dispatch queue. -elevator_add_req_fn called to add a new request into the scheduler +elevator_add_req_fn* called to add a new request into the scheduler elevator_queue_empty_fn returns true if the merge queue is empty. Drivers shouldn't use this, but rather check @@ -990,7 +991,7 @@ elevator_activate_req_fn Called when device driver first sees a request. elevator_deactivate_req_fn Called when device driver decides to delay a request by requeueing it. -elevator_init_fn +elevator_init_fn* elevator_exit_fn Allocate and free any elevator specific storage for a queue. diff --git a/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt b/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e164403f60e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +Queue sysfs files +================= + +This text file will detail the queue files that are located in the sysfs tree +for each block device. Note that stacked devices typically do not export +any settings, since their queue merely functions are a remapping target. +These files are the ones found in the /sys/block/xxx/queue/ directory. + +Files denoted with a RO postfix are readonly and the RW postfix means +read-write. + +hw_sector_size (RO) +------------------- +This is the hardware sector size of the device, in bytes. + +max_hw_sectors_kb (RO) +---------------------- +This is the maximum number of kilobytes supported in a single data transfer. + +max_sectors_kb (RW) +------------------- +This is the maximum number of kilobytes that the block layer will allow +for a filesystem request. Must be smaller than or equal to the maximum +size allowed by the hardware. + +nomerges (RW) +------------- +This enables the user to disable the lookup logic involved with IO merging +requests in the block layer. Merging may still occur through a direct +1-hit cache, since that comes for (almost) free. The IO scheduler will not +waste cycles doing tree/hash lookups for merges if nomerges is 1. Defaults +to 0, enabling all merges. + +nr_requests (RW) +---------------- +This controls how many requests may be allocated in the block layer for +read or write requests. Note that the total allocated number may be twice +this amount, since it applies only to reads or writes (not the accumulated +sum). + +read_ahead_kb (RW) +------------------ +Maximum number of kilobytes to read-ahead for filesystems on this block +device. + +rq_affinity (RW) +---------------- +If this option is enabled, the block layer will migrate request completions +to the CPU that originally submitted the request. For some workloads +this provides a significant reduction in CPU cycles due to caching effects. + +scheduler (RW) +-------------- +When read, this file will display the current and available IO schedulers +for this block device. The currently active IO scheduler will be enclosed +in [] brackets. Writing an IO scheduler name to this file will switch +control of this block device to that new IO scheduler. Note that writing +an IO scheduler name to this file will attempt to load that IO scheduler +module, if it isn't already present in the system. + + + +Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>, February 2009 diff --git a/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt index e33ee74eee77..d9e5d6f41b92 100644 --- a/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ CGROUPS ------- -Written by Paul Menage <menage@google.com> based on Documentation/cpusets.txt +Written by Paul Menage <menage@google.com> based on +Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt Original copyright statements from cpusets.txt: Portions Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA. @@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ On their own, the only use for cgroups is for simple job tracking. The intention is that other subsystems hook into the generic cgroup support to provide new attributes for cgroups, such as accounting/limiting the resources which processes in a cgroup can -access. For example, cpusets (see Documentation/cpusets.txt) allows +access. For example, cpusets (see Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt) allows you to associate a set of CPUs and a set of memory nodes with the tasks in each cgroup. diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/cpuacct.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/cpuacct.txt index bb775fbe43d7..bb775fbe43d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/controllers/cpuacct.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/cpuacct.txt diff --git a/Documentation/cpusets.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt index 5c86c258c791..5c86c258c791 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpusets.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt index 7cc6e6a60672..7cc6e6a60672 100644 --- a/Documentation/controllers/devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/memcg_test.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt index 08d4d3ea0d79..523a9c16c400 100644 --- a/Documentation/controllers/memcg_test.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/memcg_test.txt @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ Memory Resource Controller(Memcg) Implementation Memo. -Last Updated: 2008/12/15 -Base Kernel Version: based on 2.6.28-rc8-mm. +Last Updated: 2009/1/19 +Base Kernel Version: based on 2.6.29-rc2. Because VM is getting complex (one of reasons is memcg...), memcg's behavior is complex. This is a document for memcg's internal behavior. Please note that implementation details can be changed. -(*) Topics on API should be in Documentation/controllers/memory.txt) +(*) Topics on API should be in Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt) 0. How to record usage ? 2 objects are used. @@ -340,3 +340,23 @@ Under below explanation, we assume CONFIG_MEM_RES_CTRL_SWAP=y. # mount -t cgroup none /cgroup -t cpuset,memory,cpu,devices and do task move, mkdir, rmdir etc...under this. + + 9.7 swapoff. + Besides management of swap is one of complicated parts of memcg, + call path of swap-in at swapoff is not same as usual swap-in path.. + It's worth to be tested explicitly. + + For example, test like following is good. + (Shell-A) + # mount -t cgroup none /cgroup -t memory + # mkdir /cgroup/test + # echo 40M > /cgroup/test/memory.limit_in_bytes + # echo 0 > /cgroup/test/tasks + Run malloc(100M) program under this. You'll see 60M of swaps. + (Shell-B) + # move all tasks in /cgroup/test to /cgroup + # /sbin/swapoff -a + # rmdir /test/cgroup + # kill malloc task. + + Of course, tmpfs v.s. swapoff test should be tested, too. diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/memory.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt index e1501964df1e..e1501964df1e 100644 --- a/Documentation/controllers/memory.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt diff --git a/Documentation/controllers/resource_counter.txt b/Documentation/cgroups/resource_counter.txt index f196ac1d7d25..f196ac1d7d25 100644 --- a/Documentation/controllers/resource_counter.txt +++ b/Documentation/cgroups/resource_counter.txt diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt index 44bd766f2e5d..85eaeaddd27c 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ NFS/RDMA Setup Instruct the server to listen on the RDMA transport: - $ echo rdma 2050 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist + $ echo rdma 20049 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist - On the client system @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ NFS/RDMA Setup Regardless of how the client was built (module or built-in), use this command to mount the NFS/RDMA server: - $ mount -o rdma,port=2050 <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt + $ mount -o rdma,port=20049 <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt To verify that the mount is using RDMA, run "cat /proc/mounts" and check the "proto" field for the given mount. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index d105eb45282a..a87be42f8211 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -1371,292 +1371,8 @@ auto_msgmni default value is 1. 2.4 /proc/sys/vm - The virtual memory subsystem ----------------------------------------------- -The files in this directory can be used to tune the operation of the virtual -memory (VM) subsystem of the Linux kernel. - -vfs_cache_pressure ------------------- - -Controls the tendency of the kernel to reclaim the memory which is used for -caching of directory and inode objects. - -At the default value of vfs_cache_pressure=100 the kernel will attempt to -reclaim dentries and inodes at a "fair" rate with respect to pagecache and -swapcache reclaim. Decreasing vfs_cache_pressure causes the kernel to prefer -to retain dentry and inode caches. Increasing vfs_cache_pressure beyond 100 -causes the kernel to prefer to reclaim dentries and inodes. - -dirty_background_bytes ----------------------- - -Contains the amount of dirty memory at which the pdflush background writeback -daemon will start writeback. - -If dirty_background_bytes is written, dirty_background_ratio becomes a function -of its value (dirty_background_bytes / the amount of dirtyable system memory). - -dirty_background_ratio ----------------------- - -Contains, as a percentage of the dirtyable system memory (free pages + mapped -pages + file cache, not including locked pages and HugePages), the number of -pages at which the pdflush background writeback daemon will start writing out -dirty data. - -If dirty_background_ratio is written, dirty_background_bytes becomes a function -of its value (dirty_background_ratio * the amount of dirtyable system memory). - -dirty_bytes ------------ - -Contains the amount of dirty memory at which a process generating disk writes -will itself start writeback. - -If dirty_bytes is written, dirty_ratio becomes a function of its value -(dirty_bytes / the amount of dirtyable system memory). - -dirty_ratio ------------ - -Contains, as a percentage of the dirtyable system memory (free pages + mapped -pages + file cache, not including locked pages and HugePages), the number of -pages at which a process which is generating disk writes will itself start -writing out dirty data. - -If dirty_ratio is written, dirty_bytes becomes a function of its value -(dirty_ratio * the amount of dirtyable system memory). - -dirty_writeback_centisecs -------------------------- - -The pdflush writeback daemons will periodically wake up and write `old' data -out to disk. This tunable expresses the interval between those wakeups, in -100'ths of a second. - -Setting this to zero disables periodic writeback altogether. - -dirty_expire_centisecs ----------------------- - -This tunable is used to define when dirty data is old enough to be eligible -for writeout by the pdflush daemons. It is expressed in 100'ths of a second. -Data which has been dirty in-memory for longer than this interval will be -written out next time a pdflush daemon wakes up. - -highmem_is_dirtyable --------------------- - -Only present if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is set. - -This defaults to 0 (false), meaning that the ratios set above are calculated -as a percentage of lowmem only. This protects against excessive scanning -in page reclaim, swapping and general VM distress. - -Setting this to 1 can be useful on 32 bit machines where you want to make -random changes within an MMAPed file that is larger than your available -lowmem without causing large quantities of random IO. Is is safe if the -behavior of all programs running on the machine is known and memory will -not be otherwise stressed. - -legacy_va_layout ----------------- - -If non-zero, this sysctl disables the new 32-bit mmap mmap layout - the kernel -will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes. - -lowmem_reserve_ratio ---------------------- - -For some specialised workloads on highmem machines it is dangerous for -the kernel to allow process memory to be allocated from the "lowmem" -zone. This is because that memory could then be pinned via the mlock() -system call, or by unavailability of swapspace. - -And on large highmem machines this lack of reclaimable lowmem memory -can be fatal. - -So the Linux page allocator has a mechanism which prevents allocations -which _could_ use highmem from using too much lowmem. This means that -a certain amount of lowmem is defended from the possibility of being -captured into pinned user memory. - -(The same argument applies to the old 16 megabyte ISA DMA region. This -mechanism will also defend that region from allocations which could use -highmem or lowmem). - -The `lowmem_reserve_ratio' tunable determines how aggressive the kernel is -in defending these lower zones. - -If you have a machine which uses highmem or ISA DMA and your -applications are using mlock(), or if you are running with no swap then -you probably should change the lowmem_reserve_ratio setting. - -The lowmem_reserve_ratio is an array. You can see them by reading this file. -- -% cat /proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio -256 256 32 -- -Note: # of this elements is one fewer than number of zones. Because the highest - zone's value is not necessary for following calculation. - -But, these values are not used directly. The kernel calculates # of protection -pages for each zones from them. These are shown as array of protection pages -in /proc/zoneinfo like followings. (This is an example of x86-64 box). -Each zone has an array of protection pages like this. - -- -Node 0, zone DMA - pages free 1355 - min 3 - low 3 - high 4 - : - : - numa_other 0 - protection: (0, 2004, 2004, 2004) - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - pagesets - cpu: 0 pcp: 0 - : -- -These protections are added to score to judge whether this zone should be used -for page allocation or should be reclaimed. - -In this example, if normal pages (index=2) are required to this DMA zone and -pages_high is used for watermark, the kernel judges this zone should not be -used because pages_free(1355) is smaller than watermark + protection[2] -(4 + 2004 = 2008). If this protection value is 0, this zone would be used for -normal page requirement. If requirement is DMA zone(index=0), protection[0] -(=0) is used. - -zone[i]'s protection[j] is calculated by following expression. - -(i < j): - zone[i]->protection[j] - = (total sums of present_pages from zone[i+1] to zone[j] on the node) - / lowmem_reserve_ratio[i]; -(i = j): - (should not be protected. = 0; -(i > j): - (not necessary, but looks 0) - -The default values of lowmem_reserve_ratio[i] are - 256 (if zone[i] means DMA or DMA32 zone) - 32 (others). -As above expression, they are reciprocal number of ratio. -256 means 1/256. # of protection pages becomes about "0.39%" of total present -pages of higher zones on the node. - -If you would like to protect more pages, smaller values are effective. -The minimum value is 1 (1/1 -> 100%). - -page-cluster ------------- - -page-cluster controls the number of pages which are written to swap in -a single attempt. The swap I/O size. - -It is a logarithmic value - setting it to zero means "1 page", setting -it to 1 means "2 pages", setting it to 2 means "4 pages", etc. - -The default value is three (eight pages at a time). There may be some -small benefits in tuning this to a different value if your workload is -swap-intensive. - -overcommit_memory ------------------ - -Controls overcommit of system memory, possibly allowing processes -to allocate (but not use) more memory than is actually available. - - -0 - Heuristic overcommit handling. Obvious overcommits of - address space are refused. Used for a typical system. It - ensures a seriously wild allocation fails while allowing - overcommit to reduce swap usage. root is allowed to - allocate slightly more memory in this mode. This is the - default. - -1 - Always overcommit. Appropriate for some scientific - applications. - -2 - Don't overcommit. The total address space commit - for the system is not permitted to exceed swap plus a - configurable percentage (default is 50) of physical RAM. - Depending on the percentage you use, in most situations - this means a process will not be killed while attempting - to use already-allocated memory but will receive errors - on memory allocation as appropriate. - -overcommit_ratio ----------------- - -Percentage of physical memory size to include in overcommit calculations -(see above.) - -Memory allocation limit = swapspace + physmem * (overcommit_ratio / 100) - - swapspace = total size of all swap areas - physmem = size of physical memory in system - -nr_hugepages and hugetlb_shm_group ----------------------------------- - -nr_hugepages configures number of hugetlb page reserved for the system. - -hugetlb_shm_group contains group id that is allowed to create SysV shared -memory segment using hugetlb page. - -hugepages_treat_as_movable --------------------------- - -This parameter is only useful when kernelcore= is specified at boot time to -create ZONE_MOVABLE for pages that may be reclaimed or migrated. Huge pages -are not movable so are not normally allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE. A non-zero -value written to hugepages_treat_as_movable allows huge pages to be allocated -from ZONE_MOVABLE. - -Once enabled, the ZONE_MOVABLE is treated as an area of memory the huge -pages pool can easily grow or shrink within. Assuming that applications are -not running that mlock() a lot of memory, it is likely the huge pages pool -can grow to the size of ZONE_MOVABLE by repeatedly entering the desired value -into nr_hugepages and triggering page reclaim. - -laptop_mode ------------ - -laptop_mode is a knob that controls "laptop mode". All the things that are -controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. - -block_dump ----------- - -block_dump enables block I/O debugging when set to a nonzero value. More -information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. - -swap_token_timeout ------------------- - -This file contains valid hold time of swap out protection token. The Linux -VM has token based thrashing control mechanism and uses the token to prevent -unnecessary page faults in thrashing situation. The unit of the value is -second. The value would be useful to tune thrashing behavior. - -drop_caches ------------ - -Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and -inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free. - -To free pagecache: - echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches -To free dentries and inodes: - echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches -To free pagecache, dentries and inodes: - echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches - -As this is a non-destructive operation and dirty objects are not freeable, the -user should run `sync' first. +Please see: Documentation/sysctls/vm.txt for a description of these +entries. 2.5 /proc/sys/dev - Device specific parameters @@ -2311,6 +2027,34 @@ increase the likelihood of this process being killed by the oom-killer. Valid values are in the range -16 to +15, plus the special value -17, which disables oom-killing altogether for this process. +The process to be killed in an out-of-memory situation is selected among all others +based on its badness score. This value equals the original memory size of the process +and is then updated according to its CPU time (utime + stime) and the +run time (uptime - start time). The longer it runs the smaller is the score. +Badness score is divided by the square root of the CPU time and then by +the double square root of the run time. + +Swapped out tasks are killed first. Half of each child's memory size is added to +the parent's score if they do not share the same memory. Thus forking servers +are the prime candidates to be killed. Having only one 'hungry' child will make +parent less preferable than the child. + +/proc/<pid>/oom_score shows process' current badness score. + +The following heuristics are then applied: + * if the task was reniced, its score doubles + * superuser or direct hardware access tasks (CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_RESOURCE + or CAP_SYS_RAWIO) have their score divided by 4 + * if oom condition happened in one cpuset and checked task does not belong + to it, its score is divided by 8 + * the resulting score is multiplied by two to the power of oom_adj, i.e. + points <<= oom_adj when it is positive and + points >>= -(oom_adj) otherwise + +The task with the highest badness score is then selected and its children +are killed, process itself will be killed in an OOM situation when it does +not have children or some of them disabled oom like described above. + 2.13 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score ------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/adt7475 b/Documentation/hwmon/adt7475 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a2b1abec850e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/adt7475 @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +This describes the interface for the ADT7475 driver: + +(there are 4 fans, numbered fan1 to fan4): + +fanX_input Read the current speed of the fan (in RPMs) +fanX_min Read/write the minimum speed of the fan. Dropping + below this sets an alarm. + +(there are three PWMs, numbered pwm1 to pwm3): + +pwmX Read/write the current duty cycle of the PWM. Writes + only have effect when auto mode is turned off (see + below). Range is 0 - 255. + +pwmX_enable Fan speed control method: + + 0 - No control (fan at full speed) + 1 - Manual fan speed control (using pwm[1-*]) + 2 - Automatic fan speed control + +pwmX_auto_channels_temp Select which channels affect this PWM + + 1 - TEMP1 controls PWM + 2 - TEMP2 controls PWM + 4 - TEMP3 controls PWM + 6 - TEMP2 and TEMP3 control PWM + 7 - All three inputs control PWM + +pwmX_freq Read/write the PWM frequency in Hz. The number + should be one of the following: + + 11 Hz + 14 Hz + 22 Hz + 29 Hz + 35 Hz + 44 Hz + 58 Hz + 88 Hz + +pwmX_auto_point1_pwm Read/write the minimum PWM duty cycle in automatic mode + +pwmX_auto_point2_pwm Read/write the maximum PWM duty cycle in automatic mode + +(there are three temperature settings numbered temp1 to temp3): + +tempX_input Read the current temperature. The value is in milli + degrees of Celsius. + +tempX_max Read/write the upper temperature limit - exceeding this + will cause an alarm. + +tempX_min Read/write the lower temperature limit - exceeding this + will cause an alarm. + +tempX_offset Read/write the temperature adjustment offset + +tempX_crit Read/write the THERM limit for remote1. + +tempX_crit_hyst Set the temperature value below crit where the + fans will stay on - this helps drive the temperature + low enough so it doesn't stay near the edge and + cause THERM to keep tripping. + +tempX_auto_point1_temp Read/write the minimum temperature where the fans will + turn on in automatic mode. + +tempX_auto_point2_temp Read/write the maximum temperature over which the fans + will run in automatic mode. tempX_auto_point1_temp + and tempX_auto_point2_temp together define the + range of automatic control. + +tempX_alarm Read a 1 if the max/min alarm is set +tempX_fault Read a 1 if either temp1 or temp3 diode has a fault + +(There are two voltage settings, in1 and in2): + +inX_input Read the current voltage on VCC. Value is in + millivolts. + +inX_min read/write the minimum voltage limit. + Dropping below this causes an alarm. + +inX_max read/write the maximum voltage limit. + Exceeding this causes an alarm. + +inX_alarm Read a 1 if the max/min alarm is set. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/lis3lv02d b/Documentation/hwmon/lis3lv02d index 65dfb0c0fd67..0fcfc4a7ccdc 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/lis3lv02d +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/lis3lv02d @@ -13,18 +13,21 @@ Author: Description ----------- -This driver provides support for the accelerometer found in various HP laptops -sporting the feature officially called "HP Mobile Data Protection System 3D" or -"HP 3D DriveGuard". It detect automatically laptops with this sensor. Known models -(for now the HP 2133, nc6420, nc2510, nc8510, nc84x0, nw9440 and nx9420) will -have their axis automatically oriented on standard way (eg: you can directly -play neverball). The accelerometer data is readable via +This driver provides support for the accelerometer found in various HP +laptops sporting the feature officially called "HP Mobile Data +Protection System 3D" or "HP 3D DriveGuard". It detect automatically +laptops with this sensor. Known models (for now the HP 2133, nc6420, +nc2510, nc8510, nc84x0, nw9440 and nx9420) will have their axis +automatically oriented on standard way (eg: you can directly play +neverball). The accelerometer data is readable via /sys/devices/platform/lis3lv02d. Sysfs attributes under /sys/devices/platform/lis3lv02d/: position - 3D position that the accelerometer reports. Format: "(x,y,z)" -calibrate - read: values (x, y, z) that are used as the base for input class device operation. - write: forces the base to be recalibrated with the current position. +calibrate - read: values (x, y, z) that are used as the base for input + class device operation. + write: forces the base to be recalibrated with the current + position. rate - reports the sampling rate of the accelerometer device in HZ This driver also provides an absolute input class device, allowing @@ -39,11 +42,12 @@ the accelerometer are converted into a "standard" organisation of the axes * When the laptop is horizontal the position reported is about 0 for X and Y and a positive value for Z * If the left side is elevated, X increases (becomes positive) - * If the front side (where the touchpad is) is elevated, Y decreases (becomes negative) + * If the front side (where the touchpad is) is elevated, Y decreases + (becomes negative) * If the laptop is put upside-down, Z becomes negative -If your laptop model is not recognized (cf "dmesg"), you can send an email to the -authors to add it to the database. When reporting a new laptop, please include -the output of "dmidecode" plus the value of /sys/devices/platform/lis3lv02d/position -in these four cases. +If your laptop model is not recognized (cf "dmesg"), you can send an +email to the authors to add it to the database. When reporting a new +laptop, please include the output of "dmidecode" plus the value of +/sys/devices/platform/lis3lv02d/position in these four cases. diff --git a/Documentation/ja_JP/stable_kernel_rules.txt b/Documentation/ja_JP/stable_kernel_rules.txt index b3ffe870de33..14265837c4ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/ja_JP/stable_kernel_rules.txt +++ b/Documentation/ja_JP/stable_kernel_rules.txt @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ file at first. ================================== これは、 -linux-2.6.24/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt +linux-2.6.29/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt の和訳です。 翻訳団体： JF プロジェクト < http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/ > -翻訳日： 2007/12/30 +翻訳日： 2009/1/14 翻訳者： Tsugikazu Shibata <tshibata at ab dot jp dot nec dot com> 校正者： 武井伸光さん、<takei at webmasters dot gr dot jp> かねこさん (Seiji Kaneko) <skaneko at a2 dot mbn dot or dot jp> @@ -38,12 +38,15 @@ linux-2.6.24/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt - ビルドエラー(CONFIG_BROKENになっているものを除く), oops, ハング、デー タ破壊、現実のセキュリティ問題、その他 "ああ、これはダメだね"という ようなものを修正しなければならない。短く言えば、重大な問題。 + - 新しい device ID とクオークも受け入れられる。 - どのように競合状態が発生するかの説明も一緒に書かれていない限り、 "理論的には競合状態になる"ようなものは不可。 - いかなる些細な修正も含めることはできない。(スペルの修正、空白のクリー ンアップなど) - - 対応するサブシステムメンテナが受け入れたものでなければならない。 - Documentation/SubmittingPatches の規則に従ったものでなければならない。 + - パッチ自体か同等の修正が Linus のツリーに既に存在しなければならない。 + Linus のツリーでのコミットID を -stable へのパッチ投稿の際に引用す + ること。 -stable ツリーにパッチを送付する手続き- @@ -52,8 +55,10 @@ linux-2.6.24/Documentation/stable_kernel_rules.txt - 送信者はパッチがキューに受け付けられた際には ACK を、却下された場合 には NAK を受け取る。この反応は開発者たちのスケジュールによって、数 日かかる場合がある。 - - もし受け取られたら、パッチは他の開発者たちのレビューのために - -stable キューに追加される。 + - もし受け取られたら、パッチは他の開発者たちと関連するサブシステムの + メンテナーによるレビューのために -stable キューに追加される。 + - パッチに stable@kernel.org のアドレスが付加されているときには、それ + が Linus のツリーに入る時に自動的に stable チームに email される。 - セキュリティパッチはこのエイリアス (stable@kernel.org) に送られるべ きではなく、代わりに security@kernel.org のアドレスに送られる。 diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt index 923f9ddee8f6..f3355b6812df 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Environment variables KCPPFLAGS -------------------------------------------------- Additional options to pass when preprocessing. The preprocessing options -will be used in all cases where kbuild do preprocessing including +will be used in all cases where kbuild does preprocessing including building C files and assembler files. KAFLAGS @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Additional options to the C compiler. KBUILD_VERBOSE -------------------------------------------------- -Set the kbuild verbosity. Can be assinged same values as "V=...". +Set the kbuild verbosity. Can be assigned same values as "V=...". See make help for the full list. Setting "V=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_VERBOSE. @@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ KBUILD_OUTPUT -------------------------------------------------- Specify the output directory when building the kernel. The output directory can also be specificed using "O=...". -Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT +Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT. ARCH -------------------------------------------------- Set ARCH to the architecture to be built. In most cases the name of the architecture is the same as the directory name found in the arch/ directory. -But some architectures suach as x86 and sparc has aliases. +But some architectures such as x86 and sparc have aliases. x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit sparc: sparc for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ CF is often used on the command-line like this: INSTALL_PATH -------------------------------------------------- INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map -images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values +images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values. MODLIB @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ INSTALL_MOD_STRIP will used as the options to the strip command. INSTALL_FW_PATH -------------------------------------------------- -INSTALL_FW_PATH specify where to install the firmware blobs. +INSTALL_FW_PATH specifies where to install the firmware blobs. The default value is: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored. INSTALL_HDR_PATH -------------------------------------------------- -INSTALL_HDR_PATH specify where to install user space headers when +INSTALL_HDR_PATH specifies where to install user space headers when executing "make headers_*". The default value is: @@ -112,22 +112,23 @@ The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored. KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN -------------------------------------------------- -KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid error out in case of undefined -symbols in the final module linking stage. +KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid errors in case of undefined +symbols in the final module linking stage. It changes such errors +into warnings. -KBUILD_MODPOST_FINAL +KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL -------------------------------------------------- KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules. -This is solely usefull to speed up test compiles. +This is solely useful to speed up test compiles. KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS -------------------------------------------------- -For modules use symbols from another modules. +For modules that use symbols from other modules. See more details in modules.txt. ALLSOURCE_ARCHS -------------------------------------------------- -For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one archs -to be included in the databases, separated by blankspace. e.g. +For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one arch +to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.: $ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS="x86 mips arm" tags diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 8511d3532c27..d8362cf9909e 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -577,9 +577,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example. - cs4232= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq> - cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET] Format: <dma> @@ -732,10 +729,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Default value is 0. Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce. - es1371= [HW,OSS] - Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]] - See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c. - ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details. diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt index 898b4987bb80..41bc99fa1884 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/thinkpad-acpi.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ ThinkPad ACPI Extras Driver - Version 0.21 - May 29th, 2008 + Version 0.22 + November 23rd, 2008 Borislav Deianov <borislav@users.sf.net> Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br> @@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ supported by the generic Linux ACPI drivers. This driver used to be named ibm-acpi until kernel 2.6.21 and release 0.13-20070314. It used to be in the drivers/acpi tree, but it was moved to the drivers/misc tree and renamed to thinkpad-acpi for kernel -2.6.22, and release 0.14. +2.6.22, and release 0.14. It was moved to drivers/platform/x86 for +kernel 2.6.29 and release 0.22. The driver is named "thinkpad-acpi". In some places, like module names, "thinkpad_acpi" is used because of userspace issues. @@ -1412,6 +1413,24 @@ Sysfs notes: rfkill controller switch "tpacpi_wwan_sw": refer to Documentation/rfkill.txt for details. +EXPERIMENTAL: UWB +----------------- + +This feature is marked EXPERIMENTAL because it has not been extensively +tested and validated in various ThinkPad models yet. The feature may not +work as expected. USE WITH CAUTION! To use this feature, you need to supply +the experimental=1 parameter when loading the module. + +sysfs rfkill class: switch "tpacpi_uwb_sw" + +This feature exports an rfkill controller for the UWB device, if one is +present and enabled in the BIOS. + +Sysfs notes: + + rfkill controller switch "tpacpi_uwb_sw": refer to + Documentation/rfkill.txt for details. + Multiple Commands, Module Parameters ------------------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/Makefile b/Documentation/lguest/Makefile index 725eef81cd48..1f4f9e888bd1 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/lguest/Makefile @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # This creates the demonstration utility "lguest" which runs a Linux guest. -CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include +CFLAGS:=-Wall -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -O3 -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE LDLIBS:=-lz all: lguest diff --git a/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README b/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README index f54962aea84d..8ace35ebdcd5 100644 --- a/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README +++ b/Documentation/mips/AU1xxx_IDE.README @@ -52,14 +52,12 @@ Two files are introduced: b) 'drivers/ide/mips/au1xxx-ide.c' contains the functionality of the AU1XXX IDE driver -Four configs variables are introduced: +Following extra configs variables are introduced: CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_PIO_DBDMA - enable the PIO+DBDMA mode CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_MDMA2_DBDMA - enable the MWDMA mode CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_BURSTABLE_ON - set Burstable FIFO in DBDMA controller - CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_SEQTS_PER_RQ - maximum transfer size - per descriptor SUPPORTED IDE MODES @@ -87,7 +85,6 @@ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI=y CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_AUTO=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_MDMA2_DBDMA=y -CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_SEQTS_PER_RQ=128 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA=y CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y @@ -105,7 +102,6 @@ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI=y CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_AUTO=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_MDMA2_DBDMA=y -CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_AU1XXX_SEQTS_PER_RQ=128 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA=y CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y diff --git a/Documentation/networking/alias.txt b/Documentation/networking/alias.txt index cd12c2ff518a..85046f53fcfc 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/alias.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/alias.txt @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ IP-Aliasing: ============ -IP-aliases are additional IP-addresses/masks hooked up to a base -interface by adding a colon and a string when running ifconfig. -This string is usually numeric, but this is not a must. - -IP-Aliases are avail if CONFIG_INET (`standard' IPv4 networking) -is configured in the kernel. +IP-aliases are an obsolete way to manage multiple IP-addresses/masks +per interface. Newer tools such as iproute2 support multiple +address/prefixes per interface, but aliases are still supported +for backwards compatibility. +An alias is formed by adding a colon and a string when running ifconfig. +This string is usually numeric, but this is not a must. o Alias creation. Alias creation is done by 'magic' interface naming: eg. to create a @@ -38,16 +38,3 @@ o Relationship with main device If the base device is shut down the added aliases will be deleted too. - - -Contact -------- -Please finger or e-mail me: - Juan Jose Ciarlante <jjciarla@raiz.uncu.edu.ar> - -Updated by Erik Schoenfelder <schoenfr@gaertner.DE> - -; local variables: -; mode: indented-text -; mode: auto-fill -; end: diff --git a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt index 3c2f2b328638..8d022073e3ef 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt @@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ Built-in netconsole starts immediately after the TCP stack is initialized and attempts to bring up the supplied dev at the supplied address. -The remote host can run either 'netcat -u -l -p <port>' or syslogd. +The remote host can run either 'netcat -u -l -p <port>', +'nc -l -u <port>' or syslogd. Dynamic reconfiguration: ======================== diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/mpc5200.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/mpc5200.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8447fd7090d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/dts-bindings/fsl/mpc5200.txt @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +MPC5200 Device Tree Bindings +---------------------------- + +(c) 2006-2009 Secret Lab Technologies Ltd +Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> + +Naming conventions +------------------ +For mpc5200 on-chip devices, the format for each compatible value is +<chip>-<device>[-<mode>]. The OS should be able to match a device driver +to the device based solely on the compatible value. If two drivers +match on the compatible list; the 'most compatible' driver should be +selected. + +The split between the MPC5200 and the MPC5200B leaves a bit of a +conundrum. How should the compatible property be set up to provide +maximum compatibility information; but still accurately describe the +chip? For the MPC5200; the answer is easy. Most of the SoC devices +originally appeared on the MPC5200. Since they didn't exist anywhere +else; the 5200 compatible properties will contain only one item; +"fsl,mpc5200-<device>". + +The 5200B is almost the same as the 5200, but not quite. It fixes +silicon bugs and it adds a small number of enhancements. Most of the +devices either provide exactly the same interface as on the 5200. A few +devices have extra functions but still have a backwards compatible mode. +To express this information as completely as possible, 5200B device trees +should have two items in the compatible list: + compatible = "fsl,mpc5200b-<device>","fsl,mpc5200-<device>"; + +It is *strongly* recommended that 5200B device trees follow this convention +(instead of only listing the base mpc5200 item). + +ie. ethernet on mpc5200: compatible = "fsl,mpc5200-fec"; + ethernet on mpc5200b: compatible = "fsl,mpc5200b-fec", "fsl,mpc5200-fec"; + +Modal devices, like PSCs, also append the configured function to the +end of the compatible field. ie. A PSC in i2s mode would specify +"fsl,mpc5200-psc-i2s", not "fsl,mpc5200-i2s". This convention is chosen to +avoid naming conflicts with non-psc devices providing the same +function. For example, "fsl,mpc5200-spi" and "fsl,mpc5200-psc-spi" describe +the mpc5200 simple spi device and a PSC spi mode respectively. + +At the time of writing, exact chip may be either 'fsl,mpc5200' or +'fsl,mpc5200b'. + +The soc node +------------ +This node describes the on chip SOC peripherals. Every mpc5200 based +board will have this node, and as such there is a common naming +convention for SOC devices. + +Required properties: +name description +---- ----------- +ranges Memory range of the internal memory mapped registers. + Should be <0 [baseaddr] 0xc000> +reg Should be <[baseaddr] 0x100> +compatible mpc5200: "fsl,mpc5200-immr" + mpc5200b: "fsl,mpc5200b-immr" +system-frequency 'fsystem' frequency in Hz; XLB, IPB, USB and PCI + clocks are derived from the fsystem clock. +bus-frequency IPB bus frequency in Hz. Clock rate + used by most of the soc devices. + +soc child nodes +--------------- +Any on chip SOC devices available to Linux must appear as soc5200 child nodes. + +Note: The tables below show the value for the mpc5200. A mpc5200b device +tree should use the "fsl,mpc5200b-<device>","fsl,mpc5200-<device>" form. + +Required soc5200 child nodes: +name compatible Description +---- ---------- ----------- +cdm@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-cdm Clock Distribution +interrupt-controller@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-pic need an interrupt + controller to boot +bestcomm@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-bestcomm Bestcomm DMA controller + +Recommended soc5200 child nodes; populate as needed for your board +name compatible Description +---- ---------- ----------- +timer@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpt General purpose timers +gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio MPC5200 simple gpio controller +gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio-wkup MPC5200 wakeup gpio controller +rtc@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-rtc Real time clock +mscan@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-mscan CAN bus controller +pci@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-pci PCI bridge +serial@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-psc-uart PSC in serial mode +i2s@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-psc-i2s PSC in i2s mode +ac97@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-psc-ac97 PSC in ac97 mode +spi@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-psc-spi PSC in spi mode +irda@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-psc-irda PSC in IrDA mode +spi@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-spi MPC5200 spi device +ethernet@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-fec MPC5200 ethernet device +ata@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-ata IDE ATA interface +i2c@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-i2c I2C controller +usb@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-ohci,ohci-be USB controller +xlb@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-xlb XLB arbitrator + +fsl,mpc5200-gpt nodes +--------------------- +On the mpc5200 and 5200b, GPT0 has a watchdog timer function. If the board +design supports the internal wdt, then the device node for GPT0 should +include the empty property 'fsl,has-wdt'. + +An mpc5200-gpt can be used as a single line GPIO controller. To do so, +add the following properties to the gpt node: + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; +When referencing the GPIO line from another node, the first cell must always +be zero and the second cell represents the gpio flags and described in the +gpio device tree binding. + +An mpc5200-gpt can be used as a single line edge sensitive interrupt +controller. To do so, add the following properties to the gpt node: + interrupt-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <1>; +When referencing the IRQ line from another node, the cell represents the +sense mode; 1 for edge rising, 2 for edge falling. + +fsl,mpc5200-psc nodes +--------------------- +The PSCs should include a cell-index which is the index of the PSC in +hardware. cell-index is used to determine which shared SoC registers to +use when setting up PSC clocking. cell-index number starts at '0'. ie: + PSC1 has 'cell-index = <0>' + PSC4 has 'cell-index = <3>' + +PSC in i2s mode: The mpc5200 and mpc5200b PSCs are not compatible when in +i2s mode. An 'mpc5200b-psc-i2s' node cannot include 'mpc5200-psc-i2s' in the +compatible field. + + +fsl,mpc5200-gpio and fsl,mpc5200-gpio-wkup nodes +------------------------------------------------ +Each GPIO controller node should have the empty property gpio-controller and +#gpio-cells set to 2. First cell is the GPIO number which is interpreted +according to the bit numbers in the GPIO control registers. The second cell +is for flags which is currently unused. + +fsl,mpc5200-fec nodes +--------------------- +The FEC node can specify one of the following properties to configure +the MII link: +- fsl,7-wire-mode - An empty property that specifies the link uses 7-wire + mode instead of MII +- current-speed - Specifies that the MII should be configured for a fixed + speed. This property should contain two cells. The + first cell specifies the speed in Mbps and the second + should be '0' for half duplex and '1' for full duplex +- phy-handle - Contains a phandle to an Ethernet PHY. + +Interrupt controller (fsl,mpc5200-pic) node +------------------------------------------- +The mpc5200 pic binding splits hardware IRQ numbers into two levels. The +split reflects the layout of the PIC hardware itself, which groups +interrupts into one of three groups; CRIT, MAIN or PERP. Also, the +Bestcomm dma engine has it's own set of interrupt sources which are +cascaded off of peripheral interrupt 0, which the driver interprets as a +fourth group, SDMA. + +The interrupts property for device nodes using the mpc5200 pic consists +of three cells; <L1 L2 level> + + L1 := [CRIT=0, MAIN=1, PERP=2, SDMA=3] + L2 := interrupt number; directly mapped from the value in the + "ICTL PerStat, MainStat, CritStat Encoded Register" + level := [LEVEL_HIGH=0, EDGE_RISING=1, EDGE_FALLING=2, LEVEL_LOW=3] + +For external IRQs, use the following interrupt property values (how to +specify external interrupts is a frequently asked question): +External interrupts: + external irq0: interrupts = <0 0 n>; + external irq1: interrupts = <1 1 n>; + external irq2: interrupts = <1 2 n>; + external irq3: interrupts = <1 3 n>; +'n' is sense (0: level high, 1: edge rising, 2: edge falling 3: level low) + diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6f12f1c79c0c..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,277 +0,0 @@ -MPC5200 Device Tree Bindings ----------------------------- - -(c) 2006-2007 Secret Lab Technologies Ltd -Grant Likely <grant.likely at secretlab.ca> - -********** DRAFT *********** -* WARNING: Do not depend on the stability of these bindings just yet. -* The MPC5200 device tree conventions are still in flux -* Keep an eye on the linuxppc-dev mailing list for more details -********** DRAFT *********** - -I - Introduction -================ -Boards supported by the arch/powerpc architecture require device tree be -passed by the boot loader to the kernel at boot time. The device tree -describes what devices are present on the board and how they are -connected. The device tree can either be passed as a binary blob (as -described in Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt), or passed -by Open Firmware (IEEE 1275) compatible firmware using an OF compatible -client interface API. - -This document specifies the requirements on the device-tree for mpc5200 -based boards. These requirements are above and beyond the details -specified in either the Open Firmware spec or booting-without-of.txt - -All new mpc5200-based boards are expected to match this document. In -cases where this document is not sufficient to support a new board port, -this document should be updated as part of adding the new board support. - -II - Philosophy -=============== -The core of this document is naming convention. The whole point of -defining this convention is to reduce or eliminate the number of -special cases required to support a 5200 board. If all 5200 boards -follow the same convention, then generic 5200 support code will work -rather than coding special cases for each new board. - -This section tries to capture the thought process behind why the naming -convention is what it is. - -1. names ---------- -There is strong convention/requirements already established for children -of the root node. 'cpus' describes the processor cores, 'memory' -describes memory, and 'chosen' provides boot configuration. Other nodes -are added to describe devices attached to the processor local bus. - -Following convention already established with other system-on-chip -processors, 5200 device trees should use the name 'soc5200' for the -parent node of on chip devices, and the root node should be its parent. - -Child nodes are typically named after the configured function. ie. -the FEC node is named 'ethernet', and a PSC in uart mode is named 'serial'. - -2. device_type property ------------------------ -similar to the node name convention above; the device_type reflects the -configured function of a device. ie. 'serial' for a uart and 'spi' for -an spi controller. However, while node names *should* reflect the -configured function, device_type *must* match the configured function -exactly. - -3. compatible property ----------------------- -Since device_type isn't enough to match devices to drivers, there also -needs to be a naming convention for the compatible property. Compatible -is an list of device descriptions sorted from specific to generic. For -the mpc5200, the required format for each compatible value is -<chip>-<device>[-<mode>]. The OS should be able to match a device driver -to the device based solely on the compatible value. If two drivers -match on the compatible list; the 'most compatible' driver should be -selected. - -The split between the MPC5200 and the MPC5200B leaves a bit of a -conundrum. How should the compatible property be set up to provide -maximum compatibility information; but still accurately describe the -chip? For the MPC5200; the answer is easy. Most of the SoC devices -originally appeared on the MPC5200. Since they didn't exist anywhere -else; the 5200 compatible properties will contain only one item; -"mpc5200-<device>". - -The 5200B is almost the same as the 5200, but not quite. It fixes -silicon bugs and it adds a small number of enhancements. Most of the -devices either provide exactly the same interface as on the 5200. A few -devices have extra functions but still have a backwards compatible mode. -To express this information as completely as possible, 5200B device trees -should have two items in the compatible list; -"mpc5200b-<device>\0mpc5200-<device>". It is *strongly* recommended -that 5200B device trees follow this convention (instead of only listing -the base mpc5200 item). - -If another chip appear on the market with one of the mpc5200 SoC -devices, then the compatible list should include mpc5200-<device>. - -ie. ethernet on mpc5200: compatible = "mpc5200-ethernet" - ethernet on mpc5200b: compatible = "mpc5200b-ethernet\0mpc5200-ethernet" - -Modal devices, like PSCs, also append the configured function to the -end of the compatible field. ie. A PSC in i2s mode would specify -"mpc5200-psc-i2s", not "mpc5200-i2s". This convention is chosen to -avoid naming conflicts with non-psc devices providing the same -function. For example, "mpc5200-spi" and "mpc5200-psc-spi" describe -the mpc5200 simple spi device and a PSC spi mode respectively. - -If the soc device is more generic and present on other SOCs, the -compatible property can specify the more generic device type also. - -ie. mscan: compatible = "mpc5200-mscan\0fsl,mscan"; - -At the time of writing, exact chip may be either 'mpc5200' or -'mpc5200b'. - -Device drivers should always try to match as generically as possible. - -III - Structure -=============== -The device tree for an mpc5200 board follows the structure defined in -booting-without-of.txt with the following additional notes: - -0) the root node ----------------- -Typical root description node; see booting-without-of - -1) The cpus node ----------------- -The cpus node follows the basic layout described in booting-without-of. -The bus-frequency property holds the XLB bus frequency -The clock-frequency property holds the core frequency - -2) The memory node ------------------- -Typical memory description node; see booting-without-of. - -3) The soc5200 node -------------------- -This node describes the on chip SOC peripherals. Every mpc5200 based -board will have this node, and as such there is a common naming -convention for SOC devices. - -Required properties: -name type description ----- ---- ----------- -device_type string must be "soc" -ranges int should be <0 baseaddr baseaddr+10000> -reg int must be <baseaddr 10000> -compatible string mpc5200: "mpc5200-soc" - mpc5200b: "mpc5200b-soc\0mpc5200-soc" -system-frequency int Fsystem frequency; source of all - other clocks. -bus-frequency int IPB bus frequency in HZ. Clock rate - used by most of the soc devices. -#interrupt-cells int must be <3>. - -Recommended properties: -name type description ----- ---- ----------- -model string Exact model of the chip; - ie: model="fsl,mpc5200" -revision string Silicon revision of chip - ie: revision="M08A" - -The 'model' and 'revision' properties are *strongly* recommended. Having -them presence acts as a bit of a safety net for working around as yet -undiscovered bugs on one version of silicon. For example, device drivers -can use the model and revision properties to decide if a bug fix should -be turned on. - -4) soc5200 child nodes ----------------------- -Any on chip SOC devices available to Linux must appear as soc5200 child nodes. - -Note: The tables below show the value for the mpc5200. A mpc5200b device -tree should use the "mpc5200b-<device>\0mpc5200-<device> form. - -Required soc5200 child nodes: -name device_type compatible Description ----- ----------- ---------- ----------- -cdm@<addr> cdm mpc5200-cmd Clock Distribution -pic@<addr> interrupt-controller mpc5200-pic need an interrupt - controller to boot -bestcomm@<addr> dma-controller mpc5200-bestcomm 5200 pic also requires - the bestcomm device - -Recommended soc5200 child nodes; populate as needed for your board -name device_type compatible Description ----- ----------- ---------- ----------- -gpt@<addr> gpt fsl,mpc5200-gpt General purpose timers -gpt@<addr> gpt fsl,mpc5200-gpt-gpio General purpose - timers in GPIO mode -gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio MPC5200 simple gpio - controller -gpio@<addr> fsl,mpc5200-gpio-wkup MPC5200 wakeup gpio - controller -rtc@<addr> rtc mpc5200-rtc Real time clock -mscan@<addr> mscan mpc5200-mscan CAN bus controller -pci@<addr> pci mpc5200-pci PCI bridge -serial@<addr> serial mpc5200-psc-uart PSC in serial mode -i2s@<addr> sound mpc5200-psc-i2s PSC in i2s mode -ac97@<addr> sound mpc5200-psc-ac97 PSC in ac97 mode -spi@<addr> spi mpc5200-psc-spi PSC in spi mode -irda@<addr> irda mpc5200-psc-irda PSC in IrDA mode -spi@<addr> spi mpc5200-spi MPC5200 spi device -ethernet@<addr> network mpc5200-fec MPC5200 ethernet device -ata@<addr> ata mpc5200-ata IDE ATA interface -i2c@<addr> i2c mpc5200-i2c I2C controller -usb@<addr> usb-ohci-be mpc5200-ohci,ohci-be USB controller -xlb@<addr> xlb mpc5200-xlb XLB arbitrator - -Important child node properties -name type description ----- ---- ----------- -cell-index int When multiple devices are present, is the - index of the device in the hardware (ie. There - are 6 PSC on the 5200 numbered PSC1 to PSC6) - PSC1 has 'cell-index = <0>' - PSC4 has 'cell-index = <3>' - -5) General Purpose Timer nodes (child of soc5200 node) -On the mpc5200 and 5200b, GPT0 has a watchdog timer function. If the board -design supports the internal wdt, then the device node for GPT0 should -include the empty property 'fsl,has-wdt'. - -6) PSC nodes (child of soc5200 node) -PSC nodes can define the optional 'port-number' property to force assignment -order of serial ports. For example, PSC5 might be physically connected to -the port labeled 'COM1' and PSC1 wired to 'COM1'. In this case, PSC5 would -have a "port-number = <0>" property, and PSC1 would have "port-number = <1>". - -PSC in i2s mode: The mpc5200 and mpc5200b PSCs are not compatible when in -i2s mode. An 'mpc5200b-psc-i2s' node cannot include 'mpc5200-psc-i2s' in the -compatible field. - -7) GPIO controller nodes -Each GPIO controller node should have the empty property gpio-controller and -#gpio-cells set to 2. First cell is the GPIO number which is interpreted -according to the bit numbers in the GPIO control registers. The second cell -is for flags which is currently unsused. - -8) FEC nodes -The FEC node can specify one of the following properties to configure -the MII link: -"fsl,7-wire-mode" - An empty property that specifies the link uses 7-wire - mode instead of MII -"current-speed" - Specifies that the MII should be configured for a fixed - speed. This property should contain two cells. The - first cell specifies the speed in Mbps and the second - should be '0' for half duplex and '1' for full duplex -"phy-handle" - Contains a phandle to an Ethernet PHY. - -IV - Extra Notes -================ - -1. Interrupt mapping --------------------- -The mpc5200 pic driver splits hardware IRQ numbers into two levels. The -split reflects the layout of the PIC hardware itself, which groups -interrupts into one of three groups; CRIT, MAIN or PERP. Also, the -Bestcomm dma engine has it's own set of interrupt sources which are -cascaded off of peripheral interrupt 0, which the driver interprets as a -fourth group, SDMA. - -The interrupts property for device nodes using the mpc5200 pic consists -of three cells; <L1 L2 level> - - L1 := [CRIT=0, MAIN=1, PERP=2, SDMA=3] - L2 := interrupt number; directly mapped from the value in the - "ICTL PerStat, MainStat, CritStat Encoded Register" - level := [LEVEL_HIGH=0, EDGE_RISING=1, EDGE_FALLING=2, LEVEL_LOW=3] - -2. Shared registers -------------------- -Some SoC devices share registers between them. ie. the i2c devices use -a single clock control register, and almost all device are affected by -the port_config register. Devices which need to manipulate shared regs -should look to the parent SoC node. The soc node is responsible -for arbitrating all shared register access. diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt index 8398ca4ff4ed..6f33593e59e2 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ CPU bandwidth control purposes: This options needs CONFIG_CGROUPS to be defined, and lets the administrator create arbitrary groups of tasks, using the "cgroup" pseudo filesystem. See - Documentation/cgroups.txt for more information about this filesystem. + Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt for more information about this filesystem. Only one of these options to group tasks can be chosen and not both. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt index 4b7ac21ea9eb..0f5d26bea80f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt @@ -275,7 +275,8 @@ STAC9200 dell-m25 Dell Inspiron E1505n dell-m26 Dell Inspiron 1501 dell-m27 Dell Inspiron E1705/9400 - gateway Gateway laptops with EAPD control + gateway-m4 Gateway laptops with EAPD control + gateway-m4-2 Gateway laptops with EAPD control panasonic Panasonic CF-74 STAC9205/9254 @@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ STAC9220/9221 macbook-pro Intel Mac Book Pro 2nd generation (eq. type 3) imac-intel Intel iMac (eq. type 2) imac-intel-20 Intel iMac (newer version) (eq. type 3) + ecs202 ECS/PC chips dell-d81 Dell (unknown) dell-d82 Dell (unknown) dell-m81 Dell (unknown) @@ -310,9 +312,13 @@ STAC9220/9221 STAC9202/9250/9251 ================== ref Reference board, base config + m1 Some Gateway MX series laptops (NX560XL) + m1-2 Some Gateway MX series laptops (MX6453) + m2 Some Gateway MX series laptops (M255) m2-2 Some Gateway MX series laptops + m3 Some Gateway MX series laptops + m5 Some Gateway MX series laptops (MP6954) m6 Some Gateway NX series laptops - pa6 Gateway NX860 series STAC9227/9228/9229/927x ======================= @@ -329,6 +335,7 @@ STAC92HD71B* dell-m4-1 Dell desktops dell-m4-2 Dell desktops dell-m4-3 Dell desktops + hp-m4 HP dv laptops STAC92HD73* =========== @@ -337,10 +344,12 @@ STAC92HD73* dell-m6-amic Dell desktops/laptops with analog mics dell-m6-dmic Dell desktops/laptops with digital mics dell-m6 Dell desktops/laptops with both type of mics + dell-eq Dell desktops/laptops STAC92HD83* =========== ref Reference board + mic-ref Reference board with power managment for ports STAC9872 ======== diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt index a3415070bcac..3197fc83bc51 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -Documentation for /proc/sys/vm/* kernel version 2.2.10 +Documentation for /proc/sys/vm/* kernel version 2.6.29 (c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel <riel@nl.linux.org> + (c) 2008 Peter W. Morreale <pmorreale@novell.com> For general info and legal blurb, please look in README. ============================================================== This file contains the documentation for the sysctl files in -/proc/sys/vm and is valid for Linux kernel version 2.2. +/proc/sys/vm and is valid for Linux kernel version 2.6.29. The files in this directory can be used to tune the operation of the virtual memory (VM) subsystem of the Linux kernel and @@ -16,180 +17,274 @@ Default values and initialization routines for most of these files can be found in mm/swap.c. Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm: -- overcommit_memory -- page-cluster -- dirty_ratio + +- block_dump +- dirty_background_bytes - dirty_background_ratio +- dirty_bytes - dirty_expire_centisecs +- dirty_ratio - dirty_writeback_centisecs -- highmem_is_dirtyable (only if CONFIG_HIGHMEM set) +- drop_caches +- hugepages_treat_as_movable +- hugetlb_shm_group +- laptop_mode +- legacy_va_layout +- lowmem_reserve_ratio - max_map_count - min_free_kbytes -- laptop_mode -- block_dump -- drop-caches -- zone_reclaim_mode -- min_unmapped_ratio - min_slab_ratio -- panic_on_oom -- oom_dump_tasks -- oom_kill_allocating_task -- mmap_min_address -- numa_zonelist_order +- min_unmapped_ratio +- mmap_min_addr - nr_hugepages - nr_overcommit_hugepages -- nr_trim_pages (only if CONFIG_MMU=n) +- nr_pdflush_threads +- nr_trim_pages (only if CONFIG_MMU=n) +- numa_zonelist_order +- oom_dump_tasks +- oom_kill_allocating_task +- overcommit_memory +- overcommit_ratio +- page-cluster +- panic_on_oom +- percpu_pagelist_fraction +- stat_interval +- swappiness +- vfs_cache_pressure +- zone_reclaim_mode + ============================================================== -dirty_bytes, dirty_ratio, dirty_background_bytes, -dirty_background_ratio, dirty_expire_centisecs, -dirty_writeback_centisecs, highmem_is_dirtyable, -vfs_cache_pressure, laptop_mode, block_dump, swap_token_timeout, -drop-caches, hugepages_treat_as_movable: +block_dump -See Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +block_dump enables block I/O debugging when set to a nonzero value. More +information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. ============================================================== -overcommit_memory: +dirty_background_bytes -This value contains a flag that enables memory overcommitment. +Contains the amount of dirty memory at which the pdflush background writeback +daemon will start writeback. -When this flag is 0, the kernel attempts to estimate the amount -of free memory left when userspace requests more memory. +If dirty_background_bytes is written, dirty_background_ratio becomes a function +of its value (dirty_background_bytes / the amount of dirtyable system memory). -When this flag is 1, the kernel pretends there is always enough -memory until it actually runs out. +============================================================== -When this flag is 2, the kernel uses a "never overcommit" -policy that attempts to prevent any overcommit of memory. +dirty_background_ratio -This feature can be very useful because there are a lot of -programs that malloc() huge amounts of memory "just-in-case" -and don't use much of it. +Contains, as a percentage of total system memory, the number of pages at which +the pdflush background writeback daemon will start writing out dirty data. -The default value is 0. +============================================================== -See Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting and -security/commoncap.c::cap_vm_enough_memory() for more information. +dirty_bytes + +Contains the amount of dirty memory at which a process generating disk writes +will itself start writeback. + +If dirty_bytes is written, dirty_ratio becomes a function of its value +(dirty_bytes / the amount of dirtyable system memory). ============================================================== -overcommit_ratio: +dirty_expire_centisecs -When overcommit_memory is set to 2, the committed address -space is not permitted to exceed swap plus this percentage -of physical RAM. See above. +This tunable is used to define when dirty data is old enough to be eligible +for writeout by the pdflush daemons. It is expressed in 100'ths of a second. +Data which has been dirty in-memory for longer than this interval will be +written out next time a pdflush daemon wakes up. + +============================================================== + +dirty_ratio + +Contains, as a percentage of total system memory, the number of pages at which +a process which is generating disk writes will itself start writing out dirty +data. ============================================================== -page-cluster: +dirty_writeback_centisecs -The Linux VM subsystem avoids excessive disk seeks by reading -multiple pages on a page fault. The number of pages it reads -is dependent on the amount of memory in your machine. +The pdflush writeback daemons will periodically wake up and write `old' data +out to disk. This tunable expresses the interval between those wakeups, in +100'ths of a second. -The number of pages the kernel reads in at once is equal to -2 ^ page-cluster. Values above 2 ^ 5 don't make much sense -for swap because we only cluster swap data in 32-page groups. +Setting this to zero disables periodic writeback altogether. ============================================================== -max_map_count: +drop_caches -This file contains the maximum number of memory map areas a process -may have. Memory map areas are used as a side-effect of calling -malloc, directly by mmap and mprotect, and also when loading shared -libraries. +Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and +inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free. -While most applications need less than a thousand maps, certain -programs, particularly malloc debuggers, may consume lots of them, -e.g., up to one or two maps per allocation. +To free pagecache: + echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches +To free dentries and inodes: + echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches +To free pagecache, dentries and inodes: + echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches -The default value is 65536. +As this is a non-destructive operation and dirty objects are not freeable, the +user should run `sync' first. ============================================================== -min_free_kbytes: +hugepages_treat_as_movable -This is used to force the Linux VM to keep a minimum number -of kilobytes free. The VM uses this number to compute a pages_min -value for each lowmem zone in the system. Each lowmem zone gets -a number of reserved free pages based proportionally on its size. +This parameter is only useful when kernelcore= is specified at boot time to +create ZONE_MOVABLE for pages that may be reclaimed or migrated. Huge pages +are not movable so are not normally allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE. A non-zero +value written to hugepages_treat_as_movable allows huge pages to be allocated +from ZONE_MOVABLE. -Some minimal amount of memory is needed to satisfy PF_MEMALLOC -allocations; if you set this to lower than 1024KB, your system will -become subtly broken, and prone to deadlock under high loads. - -Setting this too high will OOM your machine instantly. +Once enabled, the ZONE_MOVABLE is treated as an area of memory the huge +pages pool can easily grow or shrink within. Assuming that applications are +not running that mlock() a lot of memory, it is likely the huge pages pool +can grow to the size of ZONE_MOVABLE by repeatedly entering the desired value +into nr_hugepages and triggering page reclaim. ============================================================== -percpu_pagelist_fraction +hugetlb_shm_group -This is the fraction of pages at most (high mark pcp->high) in each zone that -are allocated for each per cpu page list. The min value for this is 8. It -means that we don't allow more than 1/8th of pages in each zone to be -allocated in any single per_cpu_pagelist. This entry only changes the value -of hot per cpu pagelists. User can specify a number like 100 to allocate -1/100th of each zone to each per cpu page list. +hugetlb_shm_group contains group id that is allowed to create SysV +shared memory segment using hugetlb page. -The batch value of each per cpu pagelist is also updated as a result. It is -set to pcp->high/4. The upper limit of batch is (PAGE_SHIFT * 8) +============================================================== -The initial value is zero. Kernel does not use this value at boot time to set -the high water marks for each per cpu page list. +laptop_mode -=============================================================== +laptop_mode is a knob that controls "laptop mode". All the things that are +controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt. -zone_reclaim_mode: +============================================================== -Zone_reclaim_mode allows someone to set more or less aggressive approaches to -reclaim memory when a zone runs out of memory. If it is set to zero then no -zone reclaim occurs. Allocations will be satisfied from other zones / nodes -in the system. +legacy_va_layout -This is value ORed together of +If non-zero, this sysctl disables the new 32-bit mmap mmap layout - the kernel +will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes. -1 = Zone reclaim on -2 = Zone reclaim writes dirty pages out -4 = Zone reclaim swaps pages +============================================================== -zone_reclaim_mode is set during bootup to 1 if it is determined that pages -from remote zones will cause a measurable performance reduction. The -page allocator will then reclaim easily reusable pages (those page -cache pages that are currently not used) before allocating off node pages. +lowmem_reserve_ratio + +For some specialised workloads on highmem machines it is dangerous for +the kernel to allow process memory to be allocated from the "lowmem" +zone. This is because that memory could then be pinned via the mlock() +system call, or by unavailability of swapspace. + +And on large highmem machines this lack of reclaimable lowmem memory +can be fatal. + +So the Linux page allocator has a mechanism which prevents allocations +which _could_ use highmem from using too much lowmem. This means that +a certain amount of lowmem is defended from the possibility of being +captured into pinned user memory. + +(The same argument applies to the old 16 megabyte ISA DMA region. This +mechanism will also defend that region from allocations which could use +highmem or lowmem). + +The `lowmem_reserve_ratio' tunable determines how aggressive the kernel is +in defending these lower zones. + +If you have a machine which uses highmem or ISA DMA and your +applications are using mlock(), or if you are running with no swap then +you probably should change the lowmem_reserve_ratio setting. + +The lowmem_reserve_ratio is an array. You can see them by reading this file. +- +% cat /proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio +256 256 32 +- +Note: # of this elements is one fewer than number of zones. Because the highest + zone's value is not necessary for following calculation. + +But, these values are not used directly. The kernel calculates # of protection +pages for each zones from them. These are shown as array of protection pages +in /proc/zoneinfo like followings. (This is an example of x86-64 box). +Each zone has an array of protection pages like this. + +- +Node 0, zone DMA + pages free 1355 + min 3 + low 3 + high 4 + : + : + numa_other 0 + protection: (0, 2004, 2004, 2004) + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + pagesets + cpu: 0 pcp: 0 + : +- +These protections are added to score to judge whether this zone should be used +for page allocation or should be reclaimed. + +In this example, if normal pages (index=2) are required to this DMA zone and +pages_high is used for watermark, the kernel judges this zone should not be +used because pages_free(1355) is smaller than watermark + protection[2] +(4 + 2004 = 2008). If this protection value is 0, this zone would be used for +normal page requirement. If requirement is DMA zone(index=0), protection[0] +(=0) is used. + +zone[i]'s protection[j] is calculated by following expression. + +(i < j): + zone[i]->protection[j] + = (total sums of present_pages from zone[i+1] to zone[j] on the node) + / lowmem_reserve_ratio[i]; +(i = j): + (should not be protected. = 0; +(i > j): + (not necessary, but looks 0) + +The default values of lowmem_reserve_ratio[i] are + 256 (if zone[i] means DMA or DMA32 zone) + 32 (others). +As above expression, they are reciprocal number of ratio. +256 means 1/256. # of protection pages becomes about "0.39%" of total present +pages of higher zones on the node. + +If you would like to protect more pages, smaller values are effective. +The minimum value is 1 (1/1 -> 100%). -It may be beneficial to switch off zone reclaim if the system is -used for a file server and all of memory should be used for caching files -from disk. In that case the caching effect is more important than -data locality. +============================================================== -Allowing zone reclaim to write out pages stops processes that are -writing large amounts of data from dirtying pages on other nodes. Zone -reclaim will write out dirty pages if a zone fills up and so effectively -throttle the process. This may decrease the performance of a single process -since it cannot use all of system memory to buffer the outgoing writes -anymore but it preserve the memory on other nodes so that the performance -of other processes running on other nodes will not be affected. +max_map_count: -Allowing regular swap effectively restricts allocations to the local -node unless explicitly overridden by memory policies or cpuset -configurations. +This file contains the maximum number of memory map areas a process +may have. Memory map areas are used as a side-effect of calling +malloc, directly by mmap and mprotect, and also when loading shared +libraries. -============================================================= +While most applications need less than a thousand maps, certain +programs, particularly malloc debuggers, may consume lots of them, +e.g., up to one or two maps per allocation. -min_unmapped_ratio: +The default value is 65536. -This is available only on NUMA kernels. +============================================================== -A percentage of the total pages in each zone. Zone reclaim will only -occur if more than this percentage of pages are file backed and unmapped. -This is to insure that a minimal amount of local pages is still available for -file I/O even if the node is overallocated. +min_free_kbytes: -The default is 1 percent. +This is used to force the Linux VM to keep a minimum number +of kilobytes free. The VM uses this number to compute a pages_min +value for each lowmem zone in the system. Each lowmem zone gets +a number of reserved free pages based proportionally on its size. + +Some minimal amount of memory is needed to satisfy PF_MEMALLOC +allocations; if you set this to lower than 1024KB, your system will +become subtly broken, and prone to deadlock under high loads. + +Setting this too high will OOM your machine instantly. ============================================================= @@ -211,82 +306,73 @@ and may not be fast. ============================================================= -panic_on_oom +min_unmapped_ratio: -This enables or disables panic on out-of-memory feature. +This is available only on NUMA kernels. -If this is set to 0, the kernel will kill some rogue process, -called oom_killer. Usually, oom_killer can kill rogue processes and -system will survive. +A percentage of the total pages in each zone. Zone reclaim will only +occur if more than this percentage of pages are file backed and unmapped. +This is to insure that a minimal amount of local pages is still available for +file I/O even if the node is overallocated. -If this is set to 1, the kernel panics when out-of-memory happens. -However, if a process limits using nodes by mempolicy/cpusets, -and those nodes become memory exhaustion status, one process -may be killed by oom-killer. No panic occurs in this case. -Because other nodes' memory may be free. This means system total status -may be not fatal yet. +The default is 1 percent. -If this is set to 2, the kernel panics compulsorily even on the -above-mentioned. +============================================================== -The default value is 0. -1 and 2 are for failover of clustering. Please select either -according to your policy of failover. +mmap_min_addr -============================================================= +This file indicates the amount of address space which a user process will +be restricted from mmaping. Since kernel null dereference bugs could +accidentally operate based on the information in the first couple of pages +of memory userspace processes should not be allowed to write to them. By +default this value is set to 0 and no protections will be enforced by the +security module. Setting this value to something like 64k will allow the +vast majority of applications to work correctly and provide defense in depth +against future potential kernel bugs. -oom_dump_tasks +============================================================== -Enables a system-wide task dump (excluding kernel threads) to be -produced when the kernel performs an OOM-killing and includes such -information as pid, uid, tgid, vm size, rss, cpu, oom_adj score, and -name. This is helpful to determine why the OOM killer was invoked -and to identify the rogue task that caused it. +nr_hugepages -If this is set to zero, this information is suppressed. On very -large systems with thousands of tasks it may not be feasible to dump -the memory state information for each one. Such systems should not -be forced to incur a performance penalty in OOM conditions when the -information may not be desired. +Change the minimum size of the hugepage pool. -If this is set to non-zero, this information is shown whenever the -OOM killer actually kills a memory-hogging task. +See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt -The default value is 0. +============================================================== -============================================================= +nr_overcommit_hugepages -oom_kill_allocating_task +Change the maximum size of the hugepage pool. The maximum is +nr_hugepages + nr_overcommit_hugepages. -This enables or disables killing the OOM-triggering task in -out-of-memory situations. +See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt -If this is set to zero, the OOM killer will scan through the entire -tasklist and select a task based on heuristics to kill. This normally -selects a rogue memory-hogging task that frees up a large amount of -memory when killed. +============================================================== -If this is set to non-zero, the OOM killer simply kills the task that -triggered the out-of-memory condition. This avoids the expensive -tasklist scan. +nr_pdflush_threads -If panic_on_oom is selected, it takes precedence over whatever value -is used in oom_kill_allocating_task. +The current number of pdflush threads. This value is read-only. +The value changes according to the number of dirty pages in the system. -The default value is 0. +When neccessary, additional pdflush threads are created, one per second, up to +nr_pdflush_threads_max. ============================================================== -mmap_min_addr +nr_trim_pages -This file indicates the amount of address space which a user process will -be restricted from mmaping. Since kernel null dereference bugs could -accidentally operate based on the information in the first couple of pages -of memory userspace processes should not be allowed to write to them. By -default this value is set to 0 and no protections will be enforced by the -security module. Setting this value to something like 64k will allow the -vast majority of applications to work correctly and provide defense in depth -against future potential kernel bugs. +This is available only on NOMMU kernels. + +This value adjusts the excess page trimming behaviour of power-of-2 aligned +NOMMU mmap allocations. + +A value of 0 disables trimming of allocations entirely, while a value of 1 +trims excess pages aggressively. Any value >= 1 acts as the watermark where +trimming of allocations is initiated. + +The default value is 1. + +See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information. ============================================================== @@ -335,34 +421,199 @@ this is causing problems for your system/application. ============================================================== -nr_hugepages +oom_dump_tasks -Change the minimum size of the hugepage pool. +Enables a system-wide task dump (excluding kernel threads) to be +produced when the kernel performs an OOM-killing and includes such +information as pid, uid, tgid, vm size, rss, cpu, oom_adj score, and +name. This is helpful to determine why the OOM killer was invoked +and to identify the rogue task that caused it. -See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt +If this is set to zero, this information is suppressed. On very +large systems with thousands of tasks it may not be feasible to dump +the memory state information for each one. Such systems should not +be forced to incur a performance penalty in OOM conditions when the +information may not be desired. + +If this is set to non-zero, this information is shown whenever the +OOM killer actually kills a memory-hogging task. + +The default value is 0. ============================================================== -nr_overcommit_hugepages +oom_kill_allocating_task -Change the maximum size of the hugepage pool. The maximum is -nr_hugepages + nr_overcommit_hugepages. +This enables or disables killing the OOM-triggering task in +out-of-memory situations. -See Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt +If this is set to zero, the OOM killer will scan through the entire +tasklist and select a task based on heuristics to kill. This normally +selects a rogue memory-hogging task that frees up a large amount of +memory when killed. + +If this is set to non-zero, the OOM killer simply kills the task that +triggered the out-of-memory condition. This avoids the expensive +tasklist scan. + +If panic_on_oom is selected, it takes precedence over whatever value +is used in oom_kill_allocating_task. + +The default value is 0. ============================================================== -nr_trim_pages +overcommit_memory: -This is available only on NOMMU kernels. +This value contains a flag that enables memory overcommitment. -This value adjusts the excess page trimming behaviour of power-of-2 aligned -NOMMU mmap allocations. +When this flag is 0, the kernel attempts to estimate the amount +of free memory left when userspace requests more memory. -A value of 0 disables trimming of allocations entirely, while a value of 1 -trims excess pages aggressively. Any value >= 1 acts as the watermark where -trimming of allocations is initiated. +When this flag is 1, the kernel pretends there is always enough +memory until it actually runs out. -The default value is 1. +When this flag is 2, the kernel uses a "never overcommit" +policy that attempts to prevent any overcommit of memory. -See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information. +This feature can be very useful because there are a lot of +programs that malloc() huge amounts of memory "just-in-case" +and don't use much of it. + +The default value is 0. + +See Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting and +security/commoncap.c::cap_vm_enough_memory() for more information. + +============================================================== + +overcommit_ratio: + +When overcommit_memory is set to 2, the committed address +space is not permitted to exceed swap plus this percentage +of physical RAM. See above. + +============================================================== + +page-cluster + +page-cluster controls the number of pages which are written to swap in +a single attempt. The swap I/O size. + +It is a logarithmic value - setting it to zero means "1 page", setting +it to 1 means "2 pages", setting it to 2 means "4 pages", etc. + +The default value is three (eight pages at a time). There may be some +small benefits in tuning this to a different value if your workload is +swap-intensive. + +============================================================= + +panic_on_oom + +This enables or disables panic on out-of-memory feature. + +If this is set to 0, the kernel will kill some rogue process, +called oom_killer. Usually, oom_killer can kill rogue processes and +system will survive. + +If this is set to 1, the kernel panics when out-of-memory happens. +However, if a process limits using nodes by mempolicy/cpusets, +and those nodes become memory exhaustion status, one process +may be killed by oom-killer. No panic occurs in this case. +Because other nodes' memory may be free. This means system total status +may be not fatal yet. + +If this is set to 2, the kernel panics compulsorily even on the +above-mentioned. + +The default value is 0. +1 and 2 are for failover of clustering. Please select either +according to your policy of failover. + +============================================================= + +percpu_pagelist_fraction + +This is the fraction of pages at most (high mark pcp->high) in each zone that +are allocated for each per cpu page list. The min value for this is 8. It +means that we don't allow more than 1/8th of pages in each zone to be +allocated in any single per_cpu_pagelist. This entry only changes the value +of hot per cpu pagelists. User can specify a number like 100 to allocate +1/100th of each zone to each per cpu page list. + +The batch value of each per cpu pagelist is also updated as a result. It is +set to pcp->high/4. The upper limit of batch is (PAGE_SHIFT * 8) + +The initial value is zero. Kernel does not use this value at boot time to set +the high water marks for each per cpu page list. + +============================================================== + +stat_interval + +The time interval between which vm statistics are updated. The default +is 1 second. + +============================================================== + +swappiness + +This control is used to define how aggressive the kernel will swap +memory pages. Higher values will increase agressiveness, lower values +descrease the amount of swap. + +The default value is 60. + +============================================================== + +vfs_cache_pressure +------------------ + +Controls the tendency of the kernel to reclaim the memory which is used for +caching of directory and inode objects. + +At the default value of vfs_cache_pressure=100 the kernel will attempt to +reclaim dentries and inodes at a "fair" rate with respect to pagecache and +swapcache reclaim. Decreasing vfs_cache_pressure causes the kernel to prefer +to retain dentry and inode caches. Increasing vfs_cache_pressure beyond 100 +causes the kernel to prefer to reclaim dentries and inodes. + +============================================================== + +zone_reclaim_mode: + +Zone_reclaim_mode allows someone to set more or less aggressive approaches to +reclaim memory when a zone runs out of memory. If it is set to zero then no +zone reclaim occurs. Allocations will be satisfied from other zones / nodes +in the system. + +This is value ORed together of + +1 = Zone reclaim on +2 = Zone reclaim writes dirty pages out +4 = Zone reclaim swaps pages + +zone_reclaim_mode is set during bootup to 1 if it is determined that pages +from remote zones will cause a measurable performance reduction. The +page allocator will then reclaim easily reusable pages (those page +cache pages that are currently not used) before allocating off node pages. + +It may be beneficial to switch off zone reclaim if the system is +used for a file server and all of memory should be used for caching files +from disk. In that case the caching effect is more important than +data locality. + +Allowing zone reclaim to write out pages stops processes that are +writing large amounts of data from dirtying pages on other nodes. Zone +reclaim will write out dirty pages if a zone fills up and so effectively +throttle the process. This may decrease the performance of a single process +since it cannot use all of system memory to buffer the outgoing writes +anymore but it preserve the memory on other nodes so that the performance +of other processes running on other nodes will not be affected. + +Allowing regular swap effectively restricts allocations to the local +node unless explicitly overridden by memory policies or cpuset +configurations. + +============ End of Document ================================= diff --git a/Documentation/sysrq.txt b/Documentation/sysrq.txt index 10a0263ebb3f..9e592c718afb 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysrq.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysrq.txt @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks Documentation for sysrq.c -Last update: 2007-AUG-04 * What is the magic SysRq key? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -211,6 +210,24 @@ within a function called by handle_sysrq, you must be aware that you are in a lock (you are also in an interrupt handler, which means don't sleep!), so you must call __handle_sysrq_nolock instead. +* When I hit a SysRq key combination only the header appears on the console? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Sysrq output is subject to the same console loglevel control as all +other console output. This means that if the kernel was booted 'quiet' +as is common on distro kernels the output may not appear on the actual +console, even though it will appear in the dmesg buffer, and be accessible +via the dmesg command and to the consumers of /proc/kmsg. As a specific +exception the header line from the sysrq command is passed to all console +consumers as if the current loglevel was maximum. If only the header +is emitted it is almost certain that the kernel loglevel is too low. +Should you require the output on the console channel then you will need +to temporarily up the console loglevel using alt-sysrq-8 or: + + echo 8 > /proc/sysrq-trigger + +Remember to return the loglevel to normal after triggering the sysrq +command you are interested in. + * I have more questions, who can I ask? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ And I'll answer any questions about the registration system you got, also diff --git a/Documentation/usb/dma.txt b/Documentation/usb/dma.txt index e8b50b7de9d9..cfdcd16e3abf 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/dma.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/dma.txt @@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ in the kernel usb programming guide (kerneldoc, from the source code). API OVERVIEW The big picture is that USB drivers can continue to ignore most DMA issues, -though they still must provide DMA-ready buffers (see DMA-mapping.txt). -That's how they've worked through the 2.4 (and earlier) kernels. +though they still must provide DMA-ready buffers (see +Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt). That's how they've worked through +the 2.4 (and earlier) kernels. OR: they can now be DMA-aware. @@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ and effects like cache-trashing can impose subtle penalties. force a consistent memory access ordering by using memory barriers. It's not using a streaming DMA mapping, so it's good for small transfers on systems where the I/O would otherwise thrash an IOMMU mapping. (See - Documentation/DMA-mapping.txt for definitions of "coherent" and "streaming" - DMA mappings.) + Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt for definitions of "coherent" and + "streaming" DMA mappings.) Asking for 1/Nth of a page (as well as asking for N pages) is reasonably space-efficient. @@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ WORKING WITH EXISTING BUFFERS Existing buffers aren't usable for DMA without first being mapped into the DMA address space of the device. However, most buffers passed to your driver can safely be used with such DMA mapping. (See the first section -of DMA-mapping.txt, titled "What memory is DMA-able?") +of Documentation/PCI/PCI-DMA-mapping.txt, titled "What memory is DMA-able?") - When you're using scatterlists, you can map everything at once. On some systems, this kicks in an IOMMU and turns the scatterlists into single diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/v4lgrab.c b/Documentation/video4linux/v4lgrab.c index 079b628481cf..d6e70bef8ad0 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/v4lgrab.c +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/v4lgrab.c @@ -4,12 +4,21 @@ * * Compile with: * gcc -s -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes v4lgrab.c -o v4lgrab - * Use as: - * v4lgrab >image.ppm + * Use as: + * v4lgrab >image.ppm * * Copyright (C) 1998-05-03, Phil Blundell <philb@gnu.org> - * Copied from http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/vgrabber.c - * with minor modifications (Dave Forrest, drf5n@virginia.edu). + * Copied from http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/vgrabber.c + * with minor modifications (Dave Forrest, drf5n@virginia.edu). + * + * + * For some cameras you may need to pre-load libv4l to perform + * the necessary decompression, e.g.: + * + * export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so + * ./v4lgrab >image.ppm + * + * see http://hansdegoede.livejournal.com/3636.html for details. * */ @@ -24,7 +33,7 @@ #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/videodev.h> -#define FILE "/dev/video0" +#define VIDEO_DEV "/dev/video0" /* Stole this from tvset.c */ @@ -90,7 +99,7 @@ int get_brightness_adj(unsigned char *image, long size, int *brightness) { int main(int argc, char ** argv) { - int fd = open(FILE, O_RDONLY), f; + int fd = open(VIDEO_DEV, O_RDONLY), f; struct video_capability cap; struct video_window win; struct video_picture vpic; @@ -100,13 +109,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) unsigned int i, src_depth; if (fd < 0) { - perror(FILE); + perror(VIDEO_DEV); exit(1); } if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOCGCAP, &cap) < 0) { perror("VIDIOGCAP"); - fprintf(stderr, "(" FILE " not a video4linux device?)\n"); + fprintf(stderr, "(" VIDEO_DEV " not a video4linux device?)\n"); close(fd); exit(1); } |