diff options
30 files changed, 778 insertions, 336 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 82b42c958d1c..fa8c6d470ad2 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -1803,12 +1803,10 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted. js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick See Documentation/input/joystick.txt. - kaslr/nokaslr [X86] - Enable/disable kernel and module base offset ASLR - (Address Space Layout Randomization) if built into - the kernel. When CONFIG_HIBERNATION is selected, - kASLR is disabled by default. When kASLR is enabled, - hibernation will be disabled. + nokaslr [KNL] + When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables + kernel and module base offset ASLR (Address Space + Layout Randomization). keepinitrd [HW,ARM] diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt index 5aa738346062..8c7dd5957ae1 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt @@ -39,4 +39,8 @@ memory window (this size is arbitrary, it can be raised later if needed). The mappings are not part of any other kernel PGD and are only available during EFI runtime calls. +Note that if CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY is enabled, the direct mapping of all +physical memory, vmalloc/ioremap space and virtual memory map are randomized. +Their order is preserved but their base will be offset early at boot time. + -Andi Kleen, Jul 2004 diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index df884a522c39..51b028c1ca96 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -1929,21 +1929,26 @@ config RANDOMIZE_BASE attempts relying on knowledge of the location of kernel code internals. - The kernel physical and virtual address can be randomized - from 16MB up to 1GB on 64-bit and 512MB on 32-bit. (Note that - using RANDOMIZE_BASE reduces the memory space available to - kernel modules from 1.5GB to 1GB.) + On 64-bit, the kernel physical and virtual addresses are + randomized separately. The physical address will be anywhere + between 16MB and the top of physical memory (up to 64TB). The + virtual address will be randomized from 16MB up to 1GB (9 bits + of entropy). Note that this also reduces the memory space + available to kernel modules from 1.5GB to 1GB. + + On 32-bit, the kernel physical and virtual addresses are + randomized together. They will be randomized from 16MB up to + 512MB (8 bits of entropy). Entropy is generated using the RDRAND instruction if it is supported. If RDTSC is supported, its value is mixed into the entropy pool as well. If neither RDRAND nor RDTSC are - supported, then entropy is read from the i8254 timer. - - Since the kernel is built using 2GB addressing, and - PHYSICAL_ALIGN must be at a minimum of 2MB, only 10 bits of - entropy is theoretically possible. Currently, with the - default value for PHYSICAL_ALIGN and due to page table - layouts, 64-bit uses 9 bits of entropy and 32-bit uses 8 bits. + supported, then entropy is read from the i8254 timer. The + usable entropy is limited by the kernel being built using + 2GB addressing, and that PHYSICAL_ALIGN must be at a + minimum of 2MB. As a result, only 10 bits of entropy are + theoretically possible, but the implementations are further + limited due to memory layouts. If CONFIG_HIBERNATE is also enabled, KASLR is disabled at boot time. To enable it, boot with "kaslr" on the kernel command @@ -1983,6 +1988,38 @@ config PHYSICAL_ALIGN Don't change this unless you know what you are doing. +config RANDOMIZE_MEMORY + bool "Randomize the kernel memory sections" + depends on X86_64 + depends on RANDOMIZE_BASE + default RANDOMIZE_BASE + ---help--- + Randomizes the base virtual address of kernel memory sections + (physical memory mapping, vmalloc & vmemmap). This security feature + makes exploits relying on predictable memory locations less reliable. + + The order of allocations remains unchanged. Entropy is generated in + the same way as RANDOMIZE_BASE. Current implementation in the optimal + configuration have in average 30,000 different possible virtual + addresses for each memory section. + + If unsure, say N. + +config RANDOMIZE_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_PADDING + hex "Physical memory mapping padding" if EXPERT + depends on RANDOMIZE_MEMORY + default "0xa" if MEMORY_HOTPLUG + default "0x0" + range 0x1 0x40 if MEMORY_HOTPLUG + range 0x0 0x40 + ---help--- + Define the padding in terabytes added to the existing physical + memory size during kernel memory randomization. It is useful + for memory hotplug support but reduces the entropy available for + address randomization. + + If unsure, leave at the default value. + config HOTPLUG_CPU bool "Support for hot-pluggable CPUs" depends on SMP diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile index f1356889204e..536ccfcc01c6 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile @@ -85,7 +85,25 @@ vmlinux-objs-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += $(obj)/eboot.o $(obj)/efi_stub_$(BITS).o \ $(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a vmlinux-objs-$(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED) += $(obj)/efi_thunk_$(BITS).o +# The compressed kernel is built with -fPIC/-fPIE so that a boot loader +# can place it anywhere in memory and it will still run. However, since +# it is executed as-is without any ELF relocation processing performed +# (and has already had all relocation sections stripped from the binary), +# none of the code can use data relocations (e.g. static assignments of +# pointer values), since they will be meaningless at runtime. This check +# will refuse to link the vmlinux if any of these relocations are found. +quiet_cmd_check_data_rel = DATAREL $@ +define cmd_check_data_rel + for obj in $(filter %.o,$^); do \ + readelf -S $$obj | grep -qF .rel.local && { \ + echo "error: $$obj has data relocations!" >&2; \ + exit 1; \ + } || true; \ + done +endef + $(obj)/vmlinux: $(vmlinux-objs-y) FORCE + $(call if_changed,check_data_rel) $(call if_changed,ld) OBJCOPYFLAGS_vmlinux.bin := -R .comment -S diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c index cfeb0259ed81..a66854d99ee1 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c @@ -12,10 +12,6 @@ #include "misc.h" #include "error.h" -#include <asm/msr.h> -#include <asm/archrandom.h> -#include <asm/e820.h> - #include <generated/compile.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/uts.h> @@ -26,26 +22,6 @@ static const char build_str[] = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION; -#define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 -#define I8254_PORT_COUNTER0 0x40 -#define I8254_CMD_READBACK 0xC0 -#define I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0 0x02 -#define I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY 0x40 -static inline u16 i8254(void) -{ - u16 status, timer; - - do { - outb(I8254_PORT_CONTROL, - I8254_CMD_READBACK | I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0); - status = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); - timer = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); - timer |= inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0) << 8; - } while (status & I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY); - - return timer; -} - static unsigned long rotate_xor(unsigned long hash, const void *area, size_t size) { @@ -62,7 +38,7 @@ static unsigned long rotate_xor(unsigned long hash, const void *area, } /* Attempt to create a simple but unpredictable starting entropy. */ -static unsigned long get_random_boot(void) +static unsigned long get_boot_seed(void) { unsigned long hash = 0; @@ -72,50 +48,8 @@ static unsigned long get_random_boot(void) return hash; } -static unsigned long get_random_long(const char *purpose) -{ -#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 - const unsigned long mix_const = 0x5d6008cbf3848dd3UL; -#else - const unsigned long mix_const = 0x3f39e593UL; -#endif - unsigned long raw, random = get_random_boot(); - bool use_i8254 = true; - - debug_putstr(purpose); - debug_putstr(" KASLR using"); - - if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_RDRAND)) { - debug_putstr(" RDRAND"); - if (rdrand_long(&raw)) { - random ^= raw; - use_i8254 = false; - } - } - - if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) { - debug_putstr(" RDTSC"); - raw = rdtsc(); - - random ^= raw; - use_i8254 = false; - } - - if (use_i8254) { - debug_putstr(" i8254"); - random ^= i8254(); - } - - /* Circular multiply for better bit diffusion */ - asm("mul %3" - : "=a" (random), "=d" (raw) - : "a" (random), "rm" (mix_const)); - random += raw; - - debug_putstr("...\n"); - - return random; -} +#define KASLR_COMPRESSED_BOOT +#include "../../lib/kaslr.c" struct mem_vector { unsigned long start; @@ -132,17 +66,6 @@ enum mem_avoid_index { static struct mem_vector mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_MAX]; -static bool mem_contains(struct mem_vector *region, struct mem_vector *item) -{ - /* Item at least partially before region. */ - if (item->start < region->start) - return false; - /* Item at least partially after region. */ - if (item->start + item->size > region->start + region->size) - return false; - return true; -} - static bool mem_overlaps(struct mem_vector *one, struct mem_vector *two) { /* Item one is entirely before item two. */ @@ -296,6 +219,7 @@ static bool mem_avoid_overlap(struct mem_vector *img, if (mem_overlaps(img, &mem_avoid[i]) && mem_avoid[i].start < earliest) { *overlap = mem_avoid[i]; + earliest = overlap->start; is_overlapping = true; } } @@ -310,6 +234,7 @@ static bool mem_avoid_overlap(struct mem_vector *img, if (mem_overlaps(img, &avoid) && (avoid.start < earliest)) { *overlap = avoid; + earliest = overlap->start; is_overlapping = true; } @@ -319,8 +244,6 @@ static bool mem_avoid_overlap(struct mem_vector *img, return is_overlapping; } -static unsigned long slots[KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE / CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN]; - struct slot_area { unsigned long addr; int num; @@ -351,36 +274,44 @@ static void store_slot_info(struct mem_vector *region, unsigned long image_size) } } -static void slots_append(unsigned long addr) -{ - /* Overflowing the slots list should be impossible. */ - if (slot_max >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE / CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN) - return; - - slots[slot_max++] = addr; -} - static unsigned long slots_fetch_random(void) { + unsigned long slot; + int i; + /* Handle case of no slots stored. */ if (slot_max == 0) return 0; - return slots[get_random_long("Physical") % slot_max]; + slot = kaslr_get_random_long("Physical") % slot_max; + + for (i = 0; i < slot_area_index; i++) { + if (slot >= slot_areas[i].num) { + slot -= slot_areas[i].num; + continue; + } + return slot_areas[i].addr + slot * CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN; + } + + if (i == slot_area_index) + debug_putstr("slots_fetch_random() failed!?\n"); + return 0; } static void process_e820_entry(struct e820entry *entry, unsigned long minimum, unsigned long image_size) { - struct mem_vector region, img, overlap; + struct mem_vector region, overlap; + struct slot_area slot_area; + unsigned long start_orig; /* Skip non-RAM entries. */ if (entry->type != E820_RAM) return; - /* Ignore entries entirely above our maximum. */ - if (entry->addr >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) + /* On 32-bit, ignore entries entirely above our maximum. */ + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && entry->addr >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) return; /* Ignore entries entirely below our minimum. */ @@ -390,31 +321,55 @@ static void process_e820_entry(struct e820entry *entry, region.start = entry->addr; region.size = entry->size; - /* Potentially raise address to minimum location. */ - if (region.start < minimum) - region.start = minimum; + /* Give up if slot area array is full. */ + while (slot_area_index < MAX_SLOT_AREA) { + start_orig = region.start; - /* Potentially raise address to meet alignment requirements. */ - region.start = ALIGN(region.start, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); + /* Potentially raise address to minimum location. */ + if (region.start < minimum) + region.start = minimum; - /* Did we raise the address above the bounds of this e820 region? */ - if (region.start > entry->addr + entry->size) - return; + /* Potentially raise address to meet alignment needs. */ + region.start = ALIGN(region.start, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); - /* Reduce size by any delta from the original address. */ - region.size -= region.start - entry->addr; + /* Did we raise the address above this e820 region? */ + if (region.start > entry->addr + entry->size) + return; - /* Reduce maximum size to fit end of image within maximum limit. */ - if (region.start + region.size > KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) - region.size = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - region.start; + /* Reduce size by any delta from the original address. */ + region.size -= region.start - start_orig; - /* Walk each aligned slot and check for avoided areas. */ - for (img.start = region.start, img.size = image_size ; - mem_contains(®ion, &img) ; - img.start += CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN) { - if (mem_avoid_overlap(&img, &overlap)) - continue; - slots_append(img.start); + /* On 32-bit, reduce region size to fit within max size. */ + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && + region.start + region.size > KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) + region.size = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - region.start; + + /* Return if region can't contain decompressed kernel */ + if (region.size < image_size) + return; + + /* If nothing overlaps, store the region and return. */ + if (!mem_avoid_overlap(®ion, &overlap)) { + store_slot_info(®ion, image_size); + return; + } + + /* Store beginning of region if holds at least image_size. */ + if (overlap.start > region.start + image_size) { + struct mem_vector beginning; + + beginning.start = region.start; + beginning.size = overlap.start - region.start; + store_slot_info(&beginning, image_size); + } + + /* Return if overlap extends to or past end of region. */ + if (overlap.start + overlap.size >= region.start + region.size) + return; + + /* Clip off the overlapping region and start over. */ + region.size -= overlap.start - region.start + overlap.size; + region.start = overlap.start + overlap.size; } } @@ -431,6 +386,10 @@ static unsigned long find_random_phys_addr(unsigned long minimum, for (i = 0; i < boot_params->e820_entries; i++) { process_e820_entry(&boot_params->e820_map[i], minimum, image_size); + if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) { + debug_putstr("Aborted e820 scan (slot_areas full)!\n"); + break; + } } return slots_fetch_random(); @@ -454,7 +413,7 @@ static unsigned long find_random_virt_addr(unsigned long minimum, slots = (KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - minimum - image_size) / CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN + 1; - random_addr = get_random_long("Virtual") % slots; + random_addr = kaslr_get_random_long("Virtual") % slots; return random_addr * CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN + minimum; } @@ -463,48 +422,54 @@ static unsigned long find_random_virt_addr(unsigned long minimum, * Since this function examines addresses much more numerically, * it takes the input and output pointers as 'unsigned long'. */ -unsigned char *choose_random_location(unsigned long input, - unsigned long input_size, - unsigned long output, - unsigned long output_size) +void choose_random_location(unsigned long input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned long *output, + unsigned long output_size, + unsigned long *virt_addr) { - unsigned long choice = output; - unsigned long random_addr; + unsigned long random_addr, min_addr; + + /* By default, keep output position unchanged. */ + *virt_addr = *output; -#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION - if (!cmdline_find_option_bool("kaslr")) { - warn("KASLR disabled: 'kaslr' not on cmdline (hibernation selected)."); - goto out; - } -#else if (cmdline_find_option_bool("nokaslr")) { warn("KASLR disabled: 'nokaslr' on cmdline."); - goto out; + return; } -#endif boot_params->hdr.loadflags |= KASLR_FLAG; + /* Prepare to add new identity pagetables on demand. */ + initialize_identity_maps(); + /* Record the various known unsafe memory ranges. */ - mem_avoid_init(input, input_size, output); + mem_avoid_init(input, input_size, *output); + + /* + * Low end of the randomization range should be the + * smaller of 512M or the initial kernel image + * location: + */ + min_addr = min(*output, 512UL << 20); /* Walk e820 and find a random address. */ - random_addr = find_random_phys_addr(output, output_size); + random_addr = find_random_phys_addr(min_addr, output_size); if (!random_addr) { warn("KASLR disabled: could not find suitable E820 region!"); - goto out; + } else { + /* Update the new physical address location. */ + if (*output != random_addr) { + add_identity_map(random_addr, output_size); + *output = random_addr; + } } - /* Always enforce the minimum. */ - if (random_addr < choice) - goto out; - - choice = random_addr; - - add_identity_map(choice, output_size); - /* This actually loads the identity pagetable on x86_64. */ finalize_identity_maps(); -out: - return (unsigned char *)choice; + + /* Pick random virtual address starting from LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR. */ + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64)) + random_addr = find_random_virt_addr(LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, output_size); + *virt_addr = random_addr; } diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c index f14db4e21654..b3c5a5f030ce 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c @@ -170,7 +170,8 @@ void __puthex(unsigned long value) } #if CONFIG_X86_NEED_RELOCS -static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len) +static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len, + unsigned long virt_addr) { int *reloc; unsigned long delta, map, ptr; @@ -182,11 +183,6 @@ static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len) * and where it was actually loaded. */ delta = min_addr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR; - if (!delta) { - debug_putstr("No relocation needed... "); - return; - } - debug_putstr("Performing relocations... "); /* * The kernel contains a table of relocation addresses. Those @@ -198,6 +194,20 @@ static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len) map = delta - __START_KERNEL_map; /* + * 32-bit always performs relocations. 64-bit relocations are only + * needed if KASLR has chosen a different starting address offset + * from __START_KERNEL_map. + */ + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64)) + delta = virt_addr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR; + + if (!delta) { + debug_putstr("No relocation needed... "); + return; + } + debug_putstr("Performing relocations... "); + + /* * Process relocations: 32 bit relocations first then 64 bit after. * Three sets of binary relocations are added to the end of the kernel * before compression. Each relocation table entry is the kernel @@ -250,7 +260,8 @@ static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len) #endif } #else -static inline void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len) +static inline void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len, + unsigned long virt_addr) { } #endif @@ -327,7 +338,7 @@ asmlinkage __visible void *extract_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, unsigned long output_len) { const unsigned long kernel_total_size = VO__end - VO__text; - unsigned char *output_orig = output; + unsigned long virt_addr = (unsigned long)output; /* Retain x86 boot parameters pointer passed from startup_32/64. */ boot_params = rmode; @@ -366,13 +377,16 @@ asmlinkage __visible void *extract_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, * the entire decompressed kernel plus relocation table, or the * entire decompressed kernel plus .bss and .brk sections. */ - output = choose_random_location((unsigned long)input_data, input_len, - (unsigned long)output, - max(output_len, kernel_total_size)); + choose_random_location((unsigned long)input_data, input_len, + (unsigned long *)&output, + max(output_len, kernel_total_size), + &virt_addr); /* Validate memory location choices. */ if ((unsigned long)output & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1)) - error("Destination address inappropriately aligned"); + error("Destination physical address inappropriately aligned"); + if (virt_addr & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1)) + error("Destination virtual address inappropriately aligned"); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 if (heap > 0x3fffffffffffUL) error("Destination address too large"); @@ -382,19 +396,16 @@ asmlinkage __visible void *extract_kernel(void *rmode, memptr heap, #endif #ifndef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE if ((unsigned long)output != LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR) - error("Wrong destination address"); + error("Destination address does not match LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR"); + if ((unsigned long)output != virt_addr) + error("Destination virtual address changed when not relocatable"); #endif debug_putstr("\nDecompressing Linux... "); __decompress(input_data, input_len, NULL, NULL, output, output_len, NULL, error); parse_elf(output); - /* - * 32-bit always performs relocations. 64-bit relocations are only - * needed if kASLR has chosen a different load address. - */ - if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) || output != output_orig) - handle_relocations(output, output_len); + handle_relocations(output, output_len, virt_addr); debug_putstr("done.\nBooting the kernel.\n"); return output; } diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h index b6fec1ff10e4..1c8355eadbd1 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h @@ -67,28 +67,33 @@ int cmdline_find_option_bool(const char *option); #if CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE /* kaslr.c */ -unsigned char *choose_random_location(unsigned long input_ptr, - unsigned long input_size, - unsigned long output_ptr, - unsigned long output_size); +void choose_random_location(unsigned long input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned long *output, + unsigned long output_size, + unsigned long *virt_addr); /* cpuflags.c */ bool has_cpuflag(int flag); #else -static inline -unsigned char *choose_random_location(unsigned long input_ptr, - unsigned long input_size, - unsigned long output_ptr, - unsigned long output_size) +static inline void choose_random_location(unsigned long input, + unsigned long input_size, + unsigned long *output, + unsigned long output_size, + unsigned long *virt_addr) { - return (unsigned char *)output_ptr; + /* No change from existing output location. */ + *virt_addr = *output; } #endif #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +void initialize_identity_maps(void); void add_identity_map(unsigned long start, unsigned long size); void finalize_identity_maps(void); extern unsigned char _pgtable[]; #else +static inline void initialize_identity_maps(void) +{ } static inline void add_identity_map(unsigned long start, unsigned long size) { } static inline void finalize_identity_maps(void) diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/pagetable.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/pagetable.c index 34b95df14e69..56589d0a804b 100644 --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/pagetable.c +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/pagetable.c @@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ * This code is used on x86_64 to create page table identity mappings on * demand by building up a new set of page tables (or appending to the * existing ones), and then switching over to them when ready. + * + * Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Yinghai Lu + * Copyright (C) 2016 Kees Cook */ /* @@ -17,6 +20,9 @@ /* These actually do the work of building the kernel identity maps. */ #include <asm/init.h> #include <asm/pgtable.h> +/* Use the static base for this part of the boot process */ +#undef __PAGE_OFFSET +#define __PAGE_OFFSET __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE #include "../../mm/ident_map.c" /* Used by pgtable.h asm code to force instruction serialization. */ @@ -59,9 +65,21 @@ static struct alloc_pgt_data pgt_data; /* The top level page table entry pointer. */ static unsigned long level4p; +/* + * Mapping information structure passed to kernel_ident_mapping_init(). + * Due to relocation, pointers must be assigned at run time not build time. + */ +static struct x86_mapping_info mapping_info = { + .pmd_flag = __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, +}; + /* Locates and clears a region for a new top level page table. */ -static void prepare_level4(void) +void initialize_identity_maps(void) { + /* Init mapping_info with run-time function/buffer pointers. */ + mapping_info.alloc_pgt_page = alloc_pgt_page; + mapping_info.context = &pgt_data; + /* * It should be impossible for this not to already be true, * but since calling this a second time would rewind the other @@ -96,17 +114,8 @@ static void prepare_level4(void) */ void add_identity_map(unsigned long start, unsigned long size) { - struct x86_mapping_info mapping_info = { - .alloc_pgt_page = alloc_pgt_page, - .context = &pgt_data, - .pmd_flag = __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, - }; unsigned long end = start + size; - /* Make sure we have a top level page table ready to use. */ - if (!level4p) - prepare_level4(); - /* Align boundary to 2M. */ start = round_down(start, PMD_SIZE); end = round_up(end, PMD_SIZE); diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/bios_ebda.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/bios_ebda.h index 2b00c776f223..4b7b8e71607e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/bios_ebda.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/bios_ebda.h @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ static inline unsigned int get_bios_ebda(void) return address; /* 0 means none */ } -void reserve_ebda_region(void); +void reserve_bios_regions(void); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION /* diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/kaslr.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/kaslr.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2674ee3de748 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/kaslr.h @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#ifndef _ASM_KASLR_H_ +#define _ASM_KASLR_H_ + +unsigned long kaslr_get_random_long(const char *purpose); + +#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY +extern unsigned long page_offset_base; +extern unsigned long vmalloc_base; + +void kernel_randomize_memory(void); +#else +static inline void kernel_randomize_memory(void) { } +#endif /* CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY */ + +#endif diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h index d5c2f8b40faa..9215e0527647 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ #ifndef _ASM_X86_PAGE_64_DEFS_H #define _ASM_X86_PAGE_64_DEFS_H +#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ +#include <asm/kaslr.h> +#endif + #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN #define KASAN_STACK_ORDER 1 #else @@ -32,7 +36,12 @@ * hypervisor to fit. Choosing 16 slots here is arbitrary, but it's * what Xen requires. */ -#define __PAGE_OFFSET _AC(0xffff880000000000, UL) +#define __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE _AC(0xffff880000000000, UL) +#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY +#define __PAGE_OFFSET page_offset_base +#else +#define __PAGE_OFFSET __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE +#endif /* CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY */ #define __START_KERNEL_map _AC(0xffffffff80000000, UL) diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h index 2815d268af8b..437feb436efa 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h @@ -736,6 +736,23 @@ extern int direct_gbpages; void init_mem_mapping(void); void early_alloc_pgt_buf(void); +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 +/* Realmode trampoline initialization. */ +extern pgd_t trampoline_pgd_entry; +static inline void __meminit init_trampoline_default(void) +{ + /* Default trampoline pgd value */ + trampoline_pgd_entry = init_level4_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)]; +} +# ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY +void __meminit init_trampoline(void); +# else +# define init_trampoline init_trampoline_default +# endif +#else +static inline void init_trampoline(void) { } +#endif + /* local pte updates need not use xchg for locking */ static inline pte_t native_local_ptep_get_and_clear(pte_t *ptep) { diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h index e6844dfb4471..6fdef9eef2d5 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_64_types.h @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ #include <linux/types.h> +#include <asm/kaslr.h> /* * These are used to make use of C type-checking.. @@ -53,10 +54,16 @@ typedef struct { pteval_t pte; } pte_t; #define PGDIR_MASK (~(PGDIR_SIZE - 1)) /* See Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt for a description of the memory map. */ -#define MAXMEM _AC(__AC(1, UL) << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS, UL) -#define VMALLOC_START _AC(0xffffc90000000000, UL) -#define VMALLOC_END _AC(0xffffe8ffffffffff, UL) -#define VMEMMAP_START _AC(0xffffea0000000000, UL) +#define MAXMEM _AC(__AC(1, UL) << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS, UL) +#define VMALLOC_SIZE_TB _AC(32, UL) +#define __VMALLOC_BASE _AC(0xffffc90000000000, UL) +#define VMEMMAP_START _AC(0xffffea0000000000, UL) +#ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY +#define VMALLOC_START vmalloc_base +#else +#define VMALLOC_START __VMALLOC_BASE +#endif /* CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY */ +#define VMALLOC_END (VMALLOC_START + _AC((VMALLOC_SIZE_TB << 40) - 1, UL)) #define MODULES_VADDR (__START_KERNEL_map + KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) #define MODULES_END _AC(0xffffffffff000000, UL) #define MODULES_LEN (MODULES_END - MODULES_VADDR) diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h index 4dcdf74dfed8..66c15a01667f 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h @@ -168,14 +168,15 @@ struct x86_legacy_devices { * struct x86_legacy_features - legacy x86 features * * @rtc: this device has a CMOS real-time clock present - * @ebda_search: it's safe to search for the EBDA signature in the hardware's - * low RAM + * @reserve_bios_regions: boot code will search for the EBDA address and the + * start of the 640k - 1M BIOS region. If false, the platform must + * ensure that its memory map correctly reserves sub-1MB regions as needed. * @devices: legacy x86 devices, refer to struct x86_legacy_devices * documentation for further details. */ struct x86_legacy_features { int rtc; - int ebda_search; + int reserve_bios_regions; struct x86_legacy_devices devices; }; diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c index afe65dffee80..4312f8ae71b7 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c @@ -6,66 +6,92 @@ #include <asm/bios_ebda.h> /* + * This function reserves all conventional PC system BIOS related + * firmware memory areas (some of which are data, some of which + * are code), that must not be used by the kernel as available + * RAM. + * * The BIOS places the EBDA/XBDA at the top of conventional * memory, and usually decreases the reported amount of - * conventional memory (int 0x12) too. This also contains a - * workaround for Dell systems that neglect to reserve EBDA. - * The same workaround also avoids a problem with the AMD768MPX - * chipset: reserve a page before VGA to prevent PCI prefetch - * into it (errata #56). Usually the page is reserved anyways, - * unless you have no PS/2 mouse plugged in. + * conventional memory (int 0x12) too. + * + * This means that as a first approximation on most systems we can + * guess the reserved BIOS area by looking at the low BIOS RAM size + * value and assume that everything above that value (up to 1MB) is + * reserved. + * + * But life in firmware country is not that simple: + * + * - This code also contains a quirk for Dell systems that neglect + * to reserve the EBDA area in the 'RAM size' value ... + * + * - The same quirk also avoids a problem with the AMD768MPX + * chipset: reserve a page before VGA to prevent PCI prefetch + * into it (errata #56). (Usually the page is reserved anyways, + * unless you have no PS/2 mouse plugged in.) + * + * - Plus paravirt systems don't have a reliable value in the + * 'BIOS RAM size' pointer we can rely on, so we must quirk + * them too. + * + * Due to those various problems this function is deliberately + * very conservative and tries to err on the side of reserving + * too much, to not risk reserving too little. + * + * Losing a small amount of memory in the bottom megabyte is + * rarely a problem, as long as we have enough memory to install + * the SMP bootup trampoline which *must* be in this area. * - * This functions is deliberately very conservative. Losing - * memory in the bottom megabyte is rarely a problem, as long - * as we have enough memory to install the trampoline. Using - * memory that is in use by the BIOS or by some DMA device - * the BIOS didn't shut down *is* a big problem. + * Using memory that is in use by the BIOS or by some DMA device + * the BIOS didn't shut down *is* a big problem to the kernel, + * obviously. */ -#define BIOS_LOWMEM_KILOBYTES 0x413 -#define LOWMEM_CAP 0x9f000U /* Absolute maximum */ -#define INSANE_CUTOFF 0x20000U /* Less than this = insane */ +#define BIOS_RAM_SIZE_KB_PTR 0x413 -void __init reserve_ebda_region(void) +#define BIOS_START_MIN 0x20000U /* 128K, less than this is insane */ +#define BIOS_START_MAX 0x9f000U /* 640K, absolute maximum */ + +void __init reserve_bios_regions(void) { - unsigned int lowmem, ebda_addr; + unsigned int bios_start, ebda_start; /* - * To determine the position of the EBDA and the - * end of conventional memory, we need to look at - * the BIOS data area. In a paravirtual environment - * that area is absent. We'll just have to assume - * that the paravirt case can handle memory setup - * correctly, without our help. + * NOTE: In a paravirtual environment the BIOS reserved + * area is absent. We'll just have to assume that the + * paravirt case can handle memory setup correctly, + * without our help. */ - if (!x86_platform.legacy.ebda_search) + if (!x86_platform.legacy.reserve_bios_regions) return; - /* end of low (conventional) memory */ - lowmem = *(unsigned short *)__va(BIOS_LOWMEM_KILOBYTES); - lowmem <<= 10; - - /* start of EBDA area */ - ebda_addr = get_bios_ebda(); - /* - * Note: some old Dells seem to need 4k EBDA without - * reporting so, so just consider the memory above 0x9f000 - * to be off limits (bugzilla 2990). + * BIOS RAM size is encoded in kilobytes, convert it + * to bytes to get a first guess at where the BIOS + * firmware area starts: */ + bios_start = *(unsigned short *)__va(BIOS_RAM_SIZE_KB_PTR); + bios_start <<= 10; - /* If the EBDA address is below 128K, assume it is bogus */ - if (ebda_addr < INSANE_CUTOFF) - ebda_addr = LOWMEM_CAP; + /* + * If bios_start is less than 128K, assume it is bogus + * and bump it up to 640K. Similarly, if bios_start is above 640K, + * don't trust it. + */ + if (bios_start < BIOS_START_MIN || bios_start > BIOS_START_MAX) + bios_start = BIOS_START_MAX; - /* If lowmem is less than 128K, assume it is bogus */ - if (lowmem < INSANE_CUTOFF) - lowmem = LOWMEM_CAP; + /* Get the start address of the EBDA page: */ + ebda_start = get_bios_ebda(); - /* Use the lower of the lowmem and EBDA markers as the cutoff */ - lowmem = min(lowmem, ebda_addr); - lowmem = min(lowmem, LOWMEM_CAP); /* Absolute cap */ + /* + * If the EBDA start address is sane and is below the BIOS region, + * then also reserve everything from the EBDA start address up to + * the BIOS region. + */ + if (ebda_start >= BIOS_START_MIN && ebda_start < bios_start) + bios_start = ebda_start; - /* reserve all memory between lowmem and the 1MB mark */ - memblock_reserve(lowmem, 0x100000 - lowmem); + /* Reserve all memory between bios_start and the 1MB mark: */ + memblock_reserve(bios_start, 0x100000 - bios_start); } diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c index d784bb547a9d..2dda0bc4576e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static void __init i386_default_early_setup(void) x86_init.resources.reserve_resources = i386_reserve_resources; x86_init.mpparse.setup_ioapic_ids = setup_ioapic_ids_from_mpc; - reserve_ebda_region(); + reserve_bios_regions(); } asmlinkage __visible void __init i386_start_kernel(void) diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c index b72fb0b71dd1..99d48e7d2974 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void __init x86_64_start_reservations(char *real_mode_data) copy_bootdata(__va(real_mode_data)); x86_early_init_platform_quirks(); - reserve_ebda_region(); + reserve_bios_regions(); switch (boot_params.hdr.hardware_subarch) { case X86_SUBARCH_INTEL_MID: diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S index 5df831ef1442..9f8efc9f0075 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1)) -L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET) +L4_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET_BASE) L4_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map) L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map) @@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ ENTRY(secondary_startup_64) pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs pushq %rax # target address in negative space lretq +ENDPROC(secondary_startup_64) #include "verify_cpu.S" diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c index b2f8a33b36ff..24a50301f150 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ void __init x86_early_init_platform_quirks(void) { x86_platform.legacy.rtc = 1; - x86_platform.legacy.ebda_search = 0; + x86_platform.legacy.reserve_bios_regions = 0; x86_platform.legacy.devices.pnpbios = 1; switch (boot_params.hdr.hardware_subarch) { case X86_SUBARCH_PC: - x86_platform.legacy.ebda_search = 1; + x86_platform.legacy.reserve_bios_regions = 1; break; case X86_SUBARCH_XEN: case X86_SUBARCH_LGUEST: diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c index c4e7b3991b60..a2616584b6e9 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c @@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ #include <asm/prom.h> #include <asm/microcode.h> #include <asm/mmu_context.h> +#include <asm/kaslr.h> /* * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB @@ -942,6 +943,8 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) x86_init.oem.arch_setup(); + kernel_randomize_memory(); + iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1; setup_memory_map(); parse_setup_data(); diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile index ec969cc3eb20..34a74131a12c 100644 --- a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ lib-y += usercopy_$(BITS).o usercopy.o getuser.o putuser.o lib-y += memcpy_$(BITS).o lib-$(CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM) += rwsem.o lib-$(CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER) += insn.o inat.o +lib-$(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE) += kaslr.o obj-y += msr.o msr-reg.o msr-reg-export.o hweight.o diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c b/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f7dfeda83e5c --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/lib/kaslr.c @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +/* + * Entropy functions used on early boot for KASLR base and memory + * randomization. The base randomization is done in the compressed + * kernel and memory randomization is done early when the regular + * kernel starts. This file is included in the compressed kernel and + * normally linked in the regular. + */ +#include <asm/kaslr.h> +#include <asm/msr.h> +#include <asm/archrandom.h> +#include <asm/e820.h> +#include <asm/io.h> + +/* + * When built for the regular kernel, several functions need to be stubbed out + * or changed to their regular kernel equivalent. + */ +#ifndef KASLR_COMPRESSED_BOOT +#include <asm/cpufeature.h> +#include <asm/setup.h> + +#define debug_putstr(v) early_printk(v) +#define has_cpuflag(f) boot_cpu_has(f) +#define get_boot_seed() kaslr_offset() +#endif + +#define I8254_PORT_CONTROL 0x43 +#define I8254_PORT_COUNTER0 0x40 +#define I8254_CMD_READBACK 0xC0 +#define I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0 0x02 +#define I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY 0x40 +static inline u16 i8254(void) +{ + u16 status, timer; + + do { + outb(I8254_PORT_CONTROL, + I8254_CMD_READBACK | I8254_SELECT_COUNTER0); + status = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); + timer = inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0); + timer |= inb(I8254_PORT_COUNTER0) << 8; + } while (status & I8254_STATUS_NOTREADY); + + return timer; +} + +unsigned long kaslr_get_random_long(const char *purpose) +{ +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + const unsigned long mix_const = 0x5d6008cbf3848dd3UL; +#else + const unsigned long mix_const = 0x3f39e593UL; +#endif + unsigned long raw, random = get_boot_seed(); + bool use_i8254 = true; + + debug_putstr(purpose); + debug_putstr(" KASLR using"); + + if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_RDRAND)) { + debug_putstr(" RDRAND"); + if (rdrand_long(&raw)) { + random ^= raw; + use_i8254 = false; + } + } + + if (has_cpuflag(X86_FEATURE_TSC)) { + debug_putstr(" RDTSC"); + raw = rdtsc(); + + random ^= raw; + use_i8254 = false; + } + + if (use_i8254) { + debug_putstr(" i8254"); + random ^= i8254(); + } + + /* Circular multiply for better bit diffusion */ + asm("mul %3" + : "=a" (random), "=d" (raw) + : "a" (random), "rm" (mix_const)); + random += raw; + + debug_putstr("...\n"); + + return random; +} diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/Makefile b/arch/x86/mm/Makefile index 62c0043a5fd5..96d2b847e09e 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/mm/Makefile @@ -37,4 +37,5 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA_EMU) += numa_emulation.o obj-$(CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MPX) += mpx.o obj-$(CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS) += pkeys.o +obj-$(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY) += kaslr.o diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c b/arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c index 99bfb192803f..9a17250bcbe0 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/dump_pagetables.c @@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = { { 0, "User Space" }, #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 { 0x8000000000000000UL, "Kernel Space" }, - { PAGE_OFFSET, "Low Kernel Mapping" }, - { VMALLOC_START, "vmalloc() Area" }, - { VMEMMAP_START, "Vmemmap" }, + { 0/* PAGE_OFFSET */, "Low Kernel Mapping" }, + { 0/* VMALLOC_START */, "vmalloc() Area" }, + { 0/* VMEMMAP_START */, "Vmemmap" }, # ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64 { ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR, "ESPfix Area", 16 }, # endif @@ -434,8 +434,16 @@ void ptdump_walk_pgd_level_checkwx(void) static int __init pt_dump_init(void) { + /* + * Various markers are not compile-time constants, so assign them + * here. + */ +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 + address_markers[LOW_KERNEL_NR].start_address = PAGE_OFFSET; + address_markers[VMALLOC_START_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_START; + address_markers[VMEMMAP_START_NR].start_address = VMEMMAP_START; +#endif #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 - /* Not a compile-time constant on x86-32 */ address_markers[VMALLOC_START_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_START; address_markers[VMALLOC_END_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_END; # ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init.c b/arch/x86/mm/init.c index 372aad2b3291..cc82830bc8c4 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/init.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/init.c @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ #include <asm/proto.h> #include <asm/dma.h> /* for MAX_DMA_PFN */ #include <asm/microcode.h> +#include <asm/kaslr.h> /* * We need to define the tracepoints somewhere, and tlb.c @@ -590,6 +591,9 @@ void __init init_mem_mapping(void) /* the ISA range is always mapped regardless of memory holes */ init_memory_mapping(0, ISA_END_ADDRESS); + /* Init the trampoline, possibly with KASLR memory offset */ + init_trampoline(); + /* * If the allocation is in bottom-up direction, we setup direct mapping * in bottom-up, otherwise we setup direct mapping in top-down. diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c index e14f87057c3f..53cc2256cf23 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/init_64.c @@ -328,22 +328,30 @@ void __init cleanup_highmap(void) } } +/* + * Create PTE level page table mapping for physical addresses. + * It returns the last physical address mapped. + */ static unsigned long __meminit -phys_pte_init(pte_t *pte_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, +phys_pte_init(pte_t *pte_page, unsigned long paddr, unsigned long paddr_end, pgprot_t prot) { - unsigned long pages = 0, next; - unsigned long last_map_addr = end; + unsigned long pages = 0, paddr_next; + unsigned long paddr_last = paddr_end; + pte_t *pte; int i; - pte_t *pte = pte_page + pte_index(addr); + pte = pte_page + pte_index(paddr); + i = pte_index(paddr); - for (i = pte_index(addr); i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, addr = next, pte++) { - next = (addr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE; - if (addr >= end) { + for (; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, paddr = paddr_next, pte++) { + paddr_next = (paddr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE; + if (paddr >= paddr_end) { if (!after_bootmem && - !e820_any_mapped(addr & PAGE_MASK, next, E820_RAM) && - !e820_any_mapped(addr & PAGE_MASK, next, E820_RESERVED_KERN)) + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PAGE_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RAM) && + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PAGE_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RESERVED_KERN)) set_pte(pte, __pte(0)); continue; } @@ -361,37 +369,44 @@ phys_pte_init(pte_t *pte_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, } if (0) - printk(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n", - pte, addr, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL).pte); + pr_info(" pte=%p addr=%lx pte=%016lx\n", pte, paddr, + pfn_pte(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL).pte); pages++; - set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot)); - last_map_addr = (addr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE; + set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot)); + paddr_last = (paddr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE; } update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_4K, pages); - return last_map_addr; + return paddr_last; } +/* + * Create PMD level page table mapping for physical addresses. The virtual + * and physical address have to be aligned at this level. + * It returns the last physical address mapped. + */ static unsigned long __meminit -phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end, +phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long paddr, unsigned long paddr_end, unsigned long page_size_mask, pgprot_t prot) { - unsigned long pages = 0, next; - unsigned long last_map_addr = end; + unsigned long pages = 0, paddr_next; + unsigned long paddr_last = paddr_end; - int i = pmd_index(address); + int i = pmd_index(paddr); - for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, address = next) { - pmd_t *pmd = pmd_page + pmd_index(address); + for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, paddr = paddr_next) { + pmd_t *pmd = pmd_page + pmd_index(paddr); pte_t *pte; pgprot_t new_prot = prot; - next = (address & PMD_MASK) + PMD_SIZE; - if (address >= end) { + paddr_next = (paddr & PMD_MASK) + PMD_SIZE; + if (paddr >= paddr_end) { if (!after_bootmem && - !e820_any_mapped(address & PMD_MASK, next, E820_RAM) && - !e820_any_mapped(address & PMD_MASK, next, E820_RESERVED_KERN)) + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PMD_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RAM) && + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PMD_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RESERVED_KERN)) set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0)); continue; } @@ -400,8 +415,8 @@ phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end, if (!pmd_large(*pmd)) { spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); pte = (pte_t *)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmd); - last_map_addr = phys_pte_init(pte, address, - end, prot); + paddr_last = phys_pte_init(pte, paddr, + paddr_end, prot); spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); continue; } @@ -420,7 +435,7 @@ phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end, if (page_size_mask & (1 << PG_LEVEL_2M)) { if (!after_bootmem) pages++; - last_map_addr = next; + paddr_last = paddr_next; continue; } new_prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t *)pmd)); @@ -430,42 +445,54 @@ phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end, pages++; spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); set_pte((pte_t *)pmd, - pfn_pte((address & PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT, + pfn_pte((paddr & PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT, __pgprot(pgprot_val(prot) | _PAGE_PSE))); spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); - last_map_addr = next; + paddr_last = paddr_next; continue; } pte = alloc_low_page(); - last_map_addr = phys_pte_init(pte, address, end, new_prot); + paddr_last = phys_pte_init(pte, paddr, paddr_end, new_prot); spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, pte); spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); } update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_2M, pages); - return last_map_addr; + return paddr_last; } +/* + * Create PUD level page table mapping for physical addresses. The virtual + * and physical address do not have to be aligned at this level. KASLR can + * randomize virtual addresses up to this level. + * It returns the last physical address mapped. + */ static unsigned long __meminit -phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, - unsigned long page_size_mask) +phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long paddr, unsigned long paddr_end, + unsigned long page_size_mask) { - unsigned long pages = 0, next; - unsigned long last_map_addr = end; - int i = pud_index(addr); + unsigned long pages = 0, paddr_next; + unsigned long paddr_last = paddr_end; + unsigned long vaddr = (unsigned long)__va(paddr); + int i = pud_index(vaddr); - for (; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, addr = next) { - pud_t *pud = pud_page + pud_index(addr); + for (; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, paddr = paddr_next) { + pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pgprot_t prot = PAGE_KERNEL; - next = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE; - if (addr >= end) { + vaddr = (unsigned long)__va(paddr); + pud = pud_page + pud_index(vaddr); + paddr_next = (paddr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE; + + if (paddr >= paddr_end) { if (!after_bootmem && - !e820_any_mapped(addr & PUD_MASK, next, E820_RAM) && - !e820_any_mapped(addr & PUD_MASK, next, E820_RESERVED_KERN)) + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PUD_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RAM) && + !e820_any_mapped(paddr & PUD_MASK, paddr_next, + E820_RESERVED_KERN)) set_pud(pud, __pud(0)); continue; } @@ -473,8 +500,10 @@ phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, if (!pud_none(*pud)) { if (!pud_large(*pud)) { pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0); - last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, addr, end, - page_size_mask, prot); + paddr_last = phys_pmd_init(pmd, paddr, + paddr_end, + page_size_mask, + prot); __flush_tlb_all(); continue; } @@ -493,7 +522,7 @@ phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, if (page_size_mask & (1 << PG_LEVEL_1G)) { if (!after_bootmem) pages++; - last_map_addr = next; + paddr_last = paddr_next; continue; } prot = pte_pgprot(pte_clrhuge(*(pte_t *)pud)); @@ -503,16 +532,16 @@ phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pages++; spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); set_pte((pte_t *)pud, - pfn_pte((addr & PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT, + pfn_pte((paddr & PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT, PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE)); spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); - last_map_addr = next; + paddr_last = paddr_next; continue; } pmd = alloc_low_page(); - last_map_addr = phys_pmd_init(pmd, addr, end, page_size_mask, - prot); + paddr_last = phys_pmd_init(pmd, paddr, paddr_end, + page_size_mask, prot); spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, pmd); @@ -522,38 +551,44 @@ phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, update_page_count(PG_LEVEL_1G, pages); - return last_map_addr; + return paddr_last; } +/* + * Create page table mapping for the physical memory for specific physical + * addresses. The virtual and physical addresses have to be aligned on PMD level + * down. It returns the last physical address mapped. + */ unsigned long __meminit -kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start, - unsigned long end, +kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long paddr_start, + unsigned long paddr_end, unsigned long page_size_mask) { bool pgd_changed = false; - unsigned long next, last_map_addr = end; - unsigned long addr; + unsigned long vaddr, vaddr_start, vaddr_end, vaddr_next, paddr_last; - start = (unsigned long)__va(start); - end = (unsigned long)__va(end); - addr = start; + paddr_last = paddr_end; + vaddr = (unsigned long)__va(paddr_start); + vaddr_end = (unsigned long)__va(paddr_end); + vaddr_start = vaddr; - for (; start < end; start = next) { - pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(start); + for (; vaddr < vaddr_end; vaddr = vaddr_next) { + pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr); pud_t *pud; - next = (start & PGDIR_MASK) + PGDIR_SIZE; + vaddr_next = (vaddr & PGDIR_MASK) + PGDIR_SIZE; if (pgd_val(*pgd)) { pud = (pud_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd); - last_map_addr = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(start), - __pa(end), page_size_mask); + paddr_last = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(vaddr), + __pa(vaddr_end), + page_size_mask); continue; } pud = alloc_low_page(); - last_map_addr = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(start), __pa(end), - page_size_mask); + paddr_last = phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(vaddr), __pa(vaddr_end), + page_size_mask); spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, pud); @@ -562,11 +597,11 @@ kernel_physical_mapping_init(unsigned long start, } if (pgd_changed) - sync_global_pgds(addr, end - 1, 0); + sync_global_pgds(vaddr_start, vaddr_end - 1, 0); __flush_tlb_all(); - return last_map_addr; + return paddr_last; } #ifndef CONFIG_NUMA diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/kaslr.c b/arch/x86/mm/kaslr.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..26dccd6c0df1 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/mm/kaslr.c @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +/* + * This file implements KASLR memory randomization for x86_64. It randomizes + * the virtual address space of kernel memory regions (physical memory + * mapping, vmalloc & vmemmap) for x86_64. This security feature mitigates + * exploits relying on predictable kernel addresses. + * + * Entropy is generated using the KASLR early boot functions now shared in + * the lib directory (originally written by Kees Cook). Randomization is + * done on PGD & PUD page table levels to increase possible addresses. The + * physical memory mapping code was adapted to support PUD level virtual + * addresses. This implementation on the best configuration provides 30,000 + * possible virtual addresses in average for each memory region. An additional + * low memory page is used to ensure each CPU can start with a PGD aligned + * virtual address (for realmode). + * + * The order of each memory region is not changed. The feature looks at + * the available space for the regions based on different configuration + * options and randomizes the base and space between each. The size of the + * physical memory mapping is the available physical memory. + */ + +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/init.h> +#include <linux/random.h> + +#include <asm/pgalloc.h> +#include <asm/pgtable.h> +#include <asm/setup.h> +#include <asm/kaslr.h> + +#include "mm_internal.h" + +#define TB_SHIFT 40 + +/* + * Virtual address start and end range for randomization. The end changes base + * on configuration to have the highest amount of space for randomization. + * It increases the possible random position for each randomized region. + * + * You need to add an if/def entry if you introduce a new memory region + * compatible with KASLR. Your entry must be in logical order with memory + * layout. For example, ESPFIX is before EFI because its virtual address is + * before. You also need to add a BUILD_BUG_ON in kernel_randomize_memory to + * ensure that this order is correct and won't be changed. + */ +static const unsigned long vaddr_start = __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE; +static const unsigned long vaddr_end = VMEMMAP_START; + +/* Default values */ +unsigned long page_offset_base = __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE; +EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_offset_base); +unsigned long vmalloc_base = __VMALLOC_BASE; +EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_base); + +/* + * Memory regions randomized by KASLR (except modules that use a separate logic + * earlier during boot). The list is ordered based on virtual addresses. This + * order is kept after randomization. + */ +static __initdata struct kaslr_memory_region { + unsigned long *base; + unsigned long size_tb; +} kaslr_regions[] = { + { &page_offset_base, 64/* Maximum */ }, + { &vmalloc_base, VMALLOC_SIZE_TB }, +}; + +/* Get size in bytes used by the memory region */ +static inline unsigned long get_padding(struct kaslr_memory_region *region) +{ + return (region->size_tb << TB_SHIFT); +} + +/* + * Apply no randomization if KASLR was disabled at boot or if KASAN + * is enabled. KASAN shadow mappings rely on regions being PGD aligned. + */ +static inline bool kaslr_memory_enabled(void) +{ + return kaslr_enabled() && !config_enabled(CONFIG_KASAN); +} + +/* Initialize base and padding for each memory region randomized with KASLR */ +void __init kernel_randomize_memory(void) +{ + size_t i; + unsigned long vaddr = vaddr_start; + unsigned long rand, memory_tb; + struct rnd_state rand_state; + unsigned long remain_entropy; + + if (!kaslr_memory_enabled()) + return; + + /* + * Update Physical memory mapping to available and + * add padding if needed (especially for memory hotplug support). + */ + BUG_ON(kaslr_regions[0].base != &page_offset_base); + memory_tb = ((max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) >> TB_SHIFT) + + CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_PADDING; + + /* Adapt phyiscal memory region size based on available memory */ + if (memory_tb < kaslr_regions[0].size_tb) + kaslr_regions[0].size_tb = memory_tb; + + /* Calculate entropy available between regions */ + remain_entropy = vaddr_end - vaddr_start; + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++) + remain_entropy -= get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]); + + prandom_seed_state(&rand_state, kaslr_get_random_long("Memory")); + + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++) { + unsigned long entropy; + + /* + * Select a random virtual address using the extra entropy + * available. + */ + entropy = remain_entropy / (ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions) - i); + prandom_bytes_state(&rand_state, &rand, sizeof(rand)); + entropy = (rand % (entropy + 1)) & PUD_MASK; + vaddr += entropy; + *kaslr_regions[i].base = vaddr; + + /* + * Jump the region and add a minimum padding based on + * randomization alignment. + */ + vaddr += get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]); + vaddr = round_up(vaddr + 1, PUD_SIZE); + remain_entropy -= entropy; + } +} + +/* + * Create PGD aligned trampoline table to allow real mode initialization + * of additional CPUs. Consume only 1 low memory page. + */ +void __meminit init_trampoline(void) +{ + unsigned long paddr, paddr_next; + pgd_t *pgd; + pud_t *pud_page, *pud_page_tramp; + int i; + + if (!kaslr_memory_enabled()) { + init_trampoline_default(); + return; + } + + pud_page_tramp = alloc_low_page(); + + paddr = 0; + pgd = pgd_offset_k((unsigned long)__va(paddr)); + pud_page = (pud_t *) pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd); + + for (i = pud_index(paddr); i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, paddr = paddr_next) { + pud_t *pud, *pud_tramp; + unsigned long vaddr = (unsigned long)__va(paddr); + + pud_tramp = pud_page_tramp + pud_index(paddr); + pud = pud_page + pud_index(vaddr); + paddr_next = (paddr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE; + + *pud_tramp = *pud; + } + + set_pgd(&trampoline_pgd_entry, + __pgd(_KERNPG_TABLE | __pa(pud_page_tramp))); +} diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c index 47870a534877..849dc09fa4f0 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c @@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ static inline unsigned long highmap_start_pfn(void) static inline unsigned long highmap_end_pfn(void) { - return __pa_symbol(roundup(_brk_end, PMD_SIZE)) >> PAGE_SHIFT; + /* Do not reference physical address outside the kernel. */ + return __pa_symbol(roundup(_brk_end, PMD_SIZE) - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; } #endif @@ -112,6 +113,12 @@ within(unsigned long addr, unsigned long start, unsigned long end) return addr >= start && addr < end; } +static inline int +within_inclusive(unsigned long addr, unsigned long start, unsigned long end) +{ + return addr >= start && addr <= end; +} + /* * Flushing functions */ @@ -1299,7 +1306,8 @@ static int cpa_process_alias(struct cpa_data *cpa) * to touch the high mapped kernel as well: */ if (!within(vaddr, (unsigned long)_text, _brk_end) && - within(cpa->pfn, highmap_start_pfn(), highmap_end_pfn())) { + within_inclusive(cpa->pfn, highmap_start_pfn(), + highmap_end_pfn())) { unsigned long temp_cpa_vaddr = (cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + __START_KERNEL_map - phys_base; alias_cpa = *cpa; diff --git a/arch/x86/realmode/init.c b/arch/x86/realmode/init.c index 0b7a63d98440..705e3fffb4a1 100644 --- a/arch/x86/realmode/init.c +++ b/arch/x86/realmode/init.c @@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ struct real_mode_header *real_mode_header; u32 *trampoline_cr4_features; +/* Hold the pgd entry used on booting additional CPUs */ +pgd_t trampoline_pgd_entry; + void __init reserve_real_mode(void) { phys_addr_t mem; @@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ void __init setup_real_mode(void) *trampoline_cr4_features = __read_cr4(); trampoline_pgd = (u64 *) __va(real_mode_header->trampoline_pgd); - trampoline_pgd[0] = init_level4_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)].pgd; + trampoline_pgd[0] = trampoline_pgd_entry.pgd; trampoline_pgd[511] = init_level4_pgt[511].pgd; #endif } diff --git a/kernel/power/hibernate.c b/kernel/power/hibernate.c index fca9254280ee..9021387c6ff4 100644 --- a/kernel/power/hibernate.c +++ b/kernel/power/hibernate.c @@ -1154,11 +1154,6 @@ static int __init nohibernate_setup(char *str) return 1; } -static int __init kaslr_nohibernate_setup(char *str) -{ - return nohibernate_setup(str); -} - static int __init page_poison_nohibernate_setup(char *str) { #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING_ZERO @@ -1182,5 +1177,4 @@ __setup("hibernate=", hibernate_setup); __setup("resumewait", resumewait_setup); __setup("resumedelay=", resumedelay_setup); __setup("nohibernate", nohibernate_setup); -__setup("kaslr", kaslr_nohibernate_setup); __setup("page_poison=", page_poison_nohibernate_setup); |