xfs: mark speculative prealloc CoW fork extents unwritten

Christoph Hellwig pointed out that there's a potentially nasty race when
performing simultaneous nearby directio cow writes:

"Thread 1 writes a range from B to c

"                    B --------- C
                           p

"a little later thread 2 writes from A to B

"        A --------- B
               p

[editor's note: the 'p' denote cowextsize boundaries, which I added to
make this more clear]

"but the code preallocates beyond B into the range where thread
"1 has just written, but ->end_io hasn't been called yet.
"But once ->end_io is called thread 2 has already allocated
"up to the extent size hint into the write range of thread 1,
"so the end_io handler will splice the unintialized blocks from
"that preallocation back into the file right after B."

We can avoid this race by ensuring that thread 1 cannot accidentally
remap the blocks that thread 2 allocated (as part of speculative
preallocation) as part of t2's write preparation in t1's end_io handler.
The way we make this happen is by taking advantage of the unwritten
extent flag as an intermediate step.

Recall that when we begin the process of writing data to shared blocks,
we create a delayed allocation extent in the CoW fork:

D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR---
C: ------DDDDDDD---------

When a thread prepares to CoW some dirty data out to disk, it will now
convert the delalloc reservation into an /unwritten/ allocated extent in
the cow fork.  The da conversion code tries to opportunistically
allocate as much of a (speculatively prealloc'd) extent as possible, so
we may end up allocating a larger extent than we're actually writing
out:

D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR---
U: ------UUUUUUU---------

Next, we convert only the part of the extent that we're actively
planning to write to normal (i.e. not unwritten) status:

D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR---
U: ------UURRUUU---------

If the write succeeds, the end_cow function will now scan the relevant
range of the CoW fork for real extents and remap only the real extents
into the data fork:

D: --RRRRRRRRSRRRRRRRR---
U: ------UU--UUU---------

This ensures that we never obliterate valid data fork extents with
unwritten blocks from the CoW fork.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.h
index aa6a4d64bd35..1583c4727cb1 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_reflink.h
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ extern int xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(struct xfs_inode *ip,
 		struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap, bool *shared);
 extern int xfs_reflink_allocate_cow_range(struct xfs_inode *ip,
 		xfs_off_t offset, xfs_off_t count);
+extern int xfs_reflink_convert_cow(struct xfs_inode *ip, xfs_off_t offset,
+		xfs_off_t count);
 extern bool xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping(struct xfs_inode *ip, xfs_off_t offset,
 		struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap);
 extern void xfs_reflink_trim_irec_to_next_cow(struct xfs_inode *ip,