License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

20 files changed, 20 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/Makefile b/arch/ia64/lib/Makefile
index 1a36a3a39624..82118b38532f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/Makefile
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for ia64-specific library routines..
 #
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/carta_random.S b/arch/ia64/lib/carta_random.S
index d0674c360364..1a4a639dc42f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/carta_random.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/carta_random.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Fast, simple, yet decent quality random number generator based on
  * a paper by David G. Carta ("Two Fast Implementations of the
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/checksum.c b/arch/ia64/lib/checksum.c
index 2cb23cb0c2e1..d26517fe3500 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/checksum.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/checksum.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Network checksum routines
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/clear_page.S b/arch/ia64/lib/clear_page.S
index 3cf5b76e587f..65b75085c8f4 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/clear_page.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/clear_page.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2002 Hewlett-Packard Co
  *	Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/clear_user.S b/arch/ia64/lib/clear_user.S
index 7b40731ee5d8..a28f39d349eb 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/clear_user.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/clear_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This routine clears to zero a linear memory buffer in user space.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page.S b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page.S
index cbdb9e323ffb..176f857c522e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  * Optimized version of the standard copy_page() function
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page_mck.S b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page_mck.S
index c13f69036876..d6fd56e4f1c1 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page_mck.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_page_mck.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * McKinley-optimized version of copy_page().
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_user.S b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_user.S
index 66facd52e8d0..f681556c6b86 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/copy_user.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/copy_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  * Optimized version of the copy_user() routine.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/csum_partial_copy.c b/arch/ia64/lib/csum_partial_copy.c
index 42f7678ef6ad..bf9396b1ed32 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/csum_partial_copy.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/csum_partial_copy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Network Checksum & Copy routine
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/do_csum.S b/arch/ia64/lib/do_csum.S
index 1a431a5cf86f..6004dad2597c 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/do_csum.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/do_csum.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  * Optmized version of the standard do_csum() function
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/idiv32.S b/arch/ia64/lib/idiv32.S
index 715aed79a9ce..def92b708e6e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/idiv32.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/idiv32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co
  * Copyright (C) 2000 David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/idiv64.S b/arch/ia64/lib/idiv64.S
index 25840f697753..a8ba3bd3d4d8 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/idiv64.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/idiv64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Hewlett-Packard Co
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2000 David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/io.c b/arch/ia64/lib/io.c
index bcd16f8ad9d9..d107eaf3790d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/io.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/io.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/ip_fast_csum.S b/arch/ia64/lib/ip_fast_csum.S
index 648e0d4a4839..dc9e6e6fe876 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/ip_fast_csum.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/ip_fast_csum.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Optmized version of the ip_fast_csum() function
  * Used for calculating IP header checksum
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy.S b/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy.S
index ba172fd6acf4..91a625fddbf0 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  * Optimized version of the standard memcpy() function
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy_mck.S b/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy_mck.S
index bbbadc478f5b..cc4e6ac914b6 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy_mck.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/memcpy_mck.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Itanium 2-optimized version of memcpy and copy_user function
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/memset.S b/arch/ia64/lib/memset.S
index 87b974704075..07a8b92c6496 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/memset.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/memset.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Optimized version of the standard memset() function.
 
    Copyright (c) 2002 Hewlett-Packard Co/CERN
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/strlen.S b/arch/ia64/lib/strlen.S
index 1a6e17c657b4..d66de5966974 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/strlen.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/strlen.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  * Optimized version of the standard strlen() function
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/strncpy_from_user.S b/arch/ia64/lib/strncpy_from_user.S
index ca9ccf280e2e..49eb81b69cd2 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/strncpy_from_user.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/strncpy_from_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Just like strncpy() except that if a fault occurs during copying,
  * -EFAULT is returned.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/lib/strnlen_user.S b/arch/ia64/lib/strnlen_user.S
index 80a5dfd1d402..4b684d4da106 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/lib/strnlen_user.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/lib/strnlen_user.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Returns 0 if exception before NUL or reaching the supplied limit (N),
  * a value greater than N if the string is longer than the limit, else