ARM: 8220/1: allow modules outside of bl range

Loading modules far away from the kernel in memory is problematic
because the 'bl' instruction only has limited reach, and modules are not
built with PLTs. Instead of using the -mlong-calls option (which affects
all compiler emitted bl instructions, but not the ones in assembler),
this patch allocates some additional space at module load time, and
populates it with PLT like veneers when encountering relocations that
are out of range.

This should work with all relocations against symbols exported by the
kernel, including those resulting from GCC generated implicit function
calls for ftrace etc.

The module memory size increases by about 5% on average, regardless of
whether any PLT entries were actually needed. However, due to the page
based rounding that occurs when allocating module memory, the average
memory footprint increase is negligible.

Reviewed-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

4 files changed, 217 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile b/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
index 752725dcbf42..32c0990d1968 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_IDLE)		+= cpuidle.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ISA_DMA_API)	+= dma.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FIQ)		+= fiq.o fiqasm.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)		+= armksyms.o module.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_MODULE_PLTS)	+= module-plts.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ISA_DMA)		+= dma-isa.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PCI)		+= bios32.o isa.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_CPU_SUSPEND)	+= sleep.o suspend.o
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/module-plts.c b/arch/arm/kernel/module-plts.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..71a65c49871d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/module-plts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Linaro Ltd. <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/elf.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+
+#include <asm/cache.h>
+#include <asm/opcodes.h>
+
+#define PLT_ENT_STRIDE		L1_CACHE_BYTES
+#define PLT_ENT_COUNT		(PLT_ENT_STRIDE / sizeof(u32))
+#define PLT_ENT_SIZE		(sizeof(struct plt_entries) / PLT_ENT_COUNT)
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
+#define PLT_ENT_LDR		__opcode_to_mem_thumb32(0xf8dff000 | \
+							(PLT_ENT_STRIDE - 4))
+#else
+#define PLT_ENT_LDR		__opcode_to_mem_arm(0xe59ff000 | \
+						    (PLT_ENT_STRIDE - 8))
+#endif
+
+struct plt_entries {
+	u32	ldr[PLT_ENT_COUNT];
+	u32	lit[PLT_ENT_COUNT];
+};
+
+static bool in_init(const struct module *mod, u32 addr)
+{
+	return addr - (u32)mod->module_init < mod->init_size;
+}
+
+u32 get_module_plt(struct module *mod, unsigned long loc, Elf32_Addr val)
+{
+	struct plt_entries *plt, *plt_end;
+	int c, *count;
+
+	if (in_init(mod, loc)) {
+		plt = (void *)mod->arch.init_plt->sh_addr;
+		plt_end = (void *)plt + mod->arch.init_plt->sh_size;
+		count = &mod->arch.init_plt_count;
+	} else {
+		plt = (void *)mod->arch.core_plt->sh_addr;
+		plt_end = (void *)plt + mod->arch.core_plt->sh_size;
+		count = &mod->arch.core_plt_count;
+	}
+
+	/* Look for an existing entry pointing to 'val' */
+	for (c = *count; plt < plt_end; c -= PLT_ENT_COUNT, plt++) {
+		int i;
+
+		if (!c) {
+			/* Populate a new set of entries */
+			*plt = (struct plt_entries){
+				{ [0 ... PLT_ENT_COUNT - 1] = PLT_ENT_LDR, },
+				{ val, }
+			};
+			++*count;
+			return (u32)plt->ldr;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < PLT_ENT_COUNT; i++) {
+			if (!plt->lit[i]) {
+				plt->lit[i] = val;
+				++*count;
+			}
+			if (plt->lit[i] == val)
+				return (u32)&plt->ldr[i];
+		}
+	}
+	BUG();
+}
+
+static int duplicate_rel(Elf32_Addr base, const Elf32_Rel *rel, int num,
+			   u32 mask)
+{
+	u32 *loc1, *loc2;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		if (rel[i].r_info != rel[num].r_info)
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * Identical relocation types against identical symbols can
+		 * still result in different PLT entries if the addend in the
+		 * place is different. So resolve the target of the relocation
+		 * to compare the values.
+		 */
+		loc1 = (u32 *)(base + rel[i].r_offset);
+		loc2 = (u32 *)(base + rel[num].r_offset);
+		if (((*loc1 ^ *loc2) & mask) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Count how many PLT entries we may need */
+static unsigned int count_plts(Elf32_Addr base, const Elf32_Rel *rel, int num)
+{
+	unsigned int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sure, this is order(n^2), but it's usually short, and not
+	 * time critical
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
+		switch (ELF32_R_TYPE(rel[i].r_info)) {
+		case R_ARM_CALL:
+		case R_ARM_PC24:
+		case R_ARM_JUMP24:
+			if (!duplicate_rel(base, rel, i,
+					   __opcode_to_mem_arm(0x00ffffff)))
+				ret++;
+			break;
+		case R_ARM_THM_CALL:
+		case R_ARM_THM_JUMP24:
+			if (!duplicate_rel(base, rel, i,
+					   __opcode_to_mem_thumb32(0x07ff2fff)))
+				ret++;
+		}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int module_frob_arch_sections(Elf_Ehdr *ehdr, Elf_Shdr *sechdrs,
+			      char *secstrings, struct module *mod)
+{
+	unsigned long core_plts = 0, init_plts = 0;
+	Elf32_Shdr *s, *sechdrs_end = sechdrs + ehdr->e_shnum;
+
+	/*
+	 * To store the PLTs, we expand the .text section for core module code
+	 * and the .init.text section for initialization code.
+	 */
+	for (s = sechdrs; s < sechdrs_end; ++s)
+		if (strcmp(".core.plt", secstrings + s->sh_name) == 0)
+			mod->arch.core_plt = s;
+		else if (strcmp(".init.plt", secstrings + s->sh_name) == 0)
+			mod->arch.init_plt = s;
+
+	if (!mod->arch.core_plt || !mod->arch.init_plt) {
+		pr_err("%s: sections missing\n", mod->name);
+		return -ENOEXEC;
+	}
+
+	for (s = sechdrs + 1; s < sechdrs_end; ++s) {
+		const Elf32_Rel *rels = (void *)ehdr + s->sh_offset;
+		int numrels = s->sh_size / sizeof(Elf32_Rel);
+		Elf32_Shdr *dstsec = sechdrs + s->sh_info;
+
+		if (s->sh_type != SHT_REL)
+			continue;
+
+		if (strstr(secstrings + s->sh_name, ".init"))
+			init_plts += count_plts(dstsec->sh_addr, rels, numrels);
+		else
+			core_plts += count_plts(dstsec->sh_addr, rels, numrels);
+	}
+
+	mod->arch.core_plt->sh_type = SHT_NOBITS;
+	mod->arch.core_plt->sh_flags = SHF_EXECINSTR | SHF_ALLOC;
+	mod->arch.core_plt->sh_addralign = L1_CACHE_BYTES;
+	mod->arch.core_plt->sh_size = round_up(core_plts * PLT_ENT_SIZE,
+					       sizeof(struct plt_entries));
+	mod->arch.core_plt_count = 0;
+
+	mod->arch.init_plt->sh_type = SHT_NOBITS;
+	mod->arch.init_plt->sh_flags = SHF_EXECINSTR | SHF_ALLOC;
+	mod->arch.init_plt->sh_addralign = L1_CACHE_BYTES;
+	mod->arch.init_plt->sh_size = round_up(init_plts * PLT_ENT_SIZE,
+					       sizeof(struct plt_entries));
+	mod->arch.init_plt_count = 0;
+	pr_debug("%s: core.plt=%x, init.plt=%x\n", __func__,
+		 mod->arch.core_plt->sh_size, mod->arch.init_plt->sh_size);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/module.c b/arch/arm/kernel/module.c
index af791f4a6205..efdddcb97dd1 100644
--- a/arch/arm/kernel/module.c
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/module.c
@@ -40,7 +40,12 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
 void *module_alloc(unsigned long size)
 {
-	return __vmalloc_node_range(size, 1, MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END,
+	void *p = __vmalloc_node_range(size, 1, MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END,
+				GFP_KERNEL, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE,
+				__builtin_return_address(0));
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM_MODULE_PLTS) || p)
+		return p;
+	return __vmalloc_node_range(size, 1,  VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END,
 				GFP_KERNEL, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC, 0, NUMA_NO_NODE,
 				__builtin_return_address(0));
 }
@@ -110,6 +115,20 @@ apply_relocate(Elf32_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab, unsigned int symindex,
 				offset -= 0x04000000;
 
 			offset += sym->st_value - loc;
+
+			/*
+			 * Route through a PLT entry if 'offset' exceeds the
+			 * supported range. Note that 'offset + loc + 8'
+			 * contains the absolute jump target, i.e.,
+			 * @sym + addend, corrected for the +8 PC bias.
+			 */
+			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM_MODULE_PLTS) &&
+			    (offset <= (s32)0xfe000000 ||
+			     offset >= (s32)0x02000000))
+				offset = get_module_plt(module, loc,
+							offset + loc + 8)
+					 - loc - 8;
+
 			if (offset <= (s32)0xfe000000 ||
 			    offset >= (s32)0x02000000) {
 				pr_err("%s: section %u reloc %u sym '%s': relocation %u out of range (%#lx -> %#x)\n",
@@ -203,6 +222,17 @@ apply_relocate(Elf32_Shdr *sechdrs, const char *strtab, unsigned int symindex,
 				offset -= 0x02000000;
 			offset += sym->st_value - loc;
 
+			/*
+			 * Route through a PLT entry if 'offset' exceeds the
+			 * supported range.
+			 */
+			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM_MODULE_PLTS) &&
+			    (offset <= (s32)0xff000000 ||
+			     offset >= (s32)0x01000000))
+				offset = get_module_plt(module, loc,
+							offset + loc + 4)
+					 - loc - 4;
+
 			if (offset <= (s32)0xff000000 ||
 			    offset >= (s32)0x01000000) {
 				pr_err("%s: section %u reloc %u sym '%s': relocation %u out of range (%#lx -> %#x)\n",
diff --git a/arch/arm/kernel/module.lds b/arch/arm/kernel/module.lds
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3682fa107918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/kernel/module.lds
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+SECTIONS {
+        .core.plt : { BYTE(0) }
+        .init.plt : { BYTE(0) }
+}