fs-verity: add FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA ioctl

Add an ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA which will allow reading verity
metadata from a file that has fs-verity enabled, including:

- The Merkle tree
- The fsverity_descriptor (not including the signature if present)
- The built-in signature, if present

This ioctl has similar semantics to pread().  It is passed the type of
metadata to read (one of the above three), and a buffer, offset, and
size.  It returns the number of bytes read or an error.

Separate patches will add support for each of the above metadata types.
This patch just adds the ioctl itself.

This ioctl doesn't make any assumption about where the metadata is
stored on-disk.  It does assume the metadata is in a stable format, but
that's basically already the case:

- The Merkle tree and fsverity_descriptor are defined by how fs-verity
  file digests are computed; see the "File digest computation" section
  of Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst.  Technically, the way in
  which the levels of the tree are ordered relative to each other wasn't
  previously specified, but it's logical to put the root level first.

- The built-in signature is the value passed to FS_IOC_ENABLE_VERITY.

This ioctl is useful because it allows writing a server program that
takes a verity file and serves it to a client program, such that the
client can do its own fs-verity compatible verification of the file.
This only makes sense if the client doesn't trust the server and if the
server needs to provide the storage for the client.

More concretely, there is interest in using this ability in Android to
export APK files (which are protected by fs-verity) to "protected VMs".
This would use Protected KVM (https://lwn.net/Articles/836693), which
provides an isolated execution environment without having to trust the
traditional "host".  A "guest" VM can boot from a signed image and
perform specific tasks in a minimum trusted environment using files that
have fs-verity enabled on the host, without trusting the host or
requiring that the guest has its own trusted storage.

Technically, it would be possible to duplicate the metadata and store it
in separate files for serving.  However, that would be less efficient
and would require extra care in userspace to maintain file consistency.

In addition to the above, the ability to read the built-in signatures is
useful because it allows a system that is using the in-kernel signature
verification to migrate to userspace signature verification.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210115181819.34732-4-ebiggers@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Victor Hsieh <victorhsieh@google.com>
Acked-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>

1 files changed, 57 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
index e0204a23e997..9ef7a7de6008 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst
@@ -217,6 +217,63 @@ FS_IOC_MEASURE_VERITY can fail with the following errors:
 - ``EOVERFLOW``: the digest is longer than the specified
   ``digest_size`` bytes.  Try providing a larger buffer.
 
+FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA
+---------------------------
+
+The FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA ioctl reads verity metadata from a
+verity file.  This ioctl is available since Linux v5.12.
+
+This ioctl allows writing a server program that takes a verity file
+and serves it to a client program, such that the client can do its own
+fs-verity compatible verification of the file.  This only makes sense
+if the client doesn't trust the server and if the server needs to
+provide the storage for the client.
+
+This is a fairly specialized use case, and most fs-verity users won't
+need this ioctl.
+
+This ioctl takes in a pointer to the following structure::
+
+   struct fsverity_read_metadata_arg {
+           __u64 metadata_type;
+           __u64 offset;
+           __u64 length;
+           __u64 buf_ptr;
+           __u64 __reserved;
+   };
+
+``metadata_type`` specifies the type of metadata to read.
+
+The semantics are similar to those of ``pread()``.  ``offset``
+specifies the offset in bytes into the metadata item to read from, and
+``length`` specifies the maximum number of bytes to read from the
+metadata item.  ``buf_ptr`` is the pointer to the buffer to read into,
+cast to a 64-bit integer.  ``__reserved`` must be 0.  On success, the
+number of bytes read is returned.  0 is returned at the end of the
+metadata item.  The returned length may be less than ``length``, for
+example if the ioctl is interrupted.
+
+The metadata returned by FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA isn't guaranteed
+to be authenticated against the file digest that would be returned by
+`FS_IOC_MEASURE_VERITY`_, as the metadata is expected to be used to
+implement fs-verity compatible verification anyway (though absent a
+malicious disk, the metadata will indeed match).  E.g. to implement
+this ioctl, the filesystem is allowed to just read the Merkle tree
+blocks from disk without actually verifying the path to the root node.
+
+FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA can fail with the following errors:
+
+- ``EFAULT``: the caller provided inaccessible memory
+- ``EINTR``: the ioctl was interrupted before any data was read
+- ``EINVAL``: reserved fields were set, or ``offset + length``
+  overflowed
+- ``ENODATA``: the file is not a verity file
+- ``ENOTTY``: this type of filesystem does not implement fs-verity, or
+  this ioctl is not yet implemented on it
+- ``EOPNOTSUPP``: the kernel was not configured with fs-verity
+  support, or the filesystem superblock has not had the 'verity'
+  feature enabled on it.  (See `Filesystem support`_.)
+
 FS_IOC_GETFLAGS
 ---------------