From 0483e1fa6e09d4948272680f691dccb1edb9677f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Garnier Date: Tue, 21 Jun 2016 17:47:02 -0700 Subject: x86/mm: Implement ASLR for kernel memory regions Randomizes the virtual address space of kernel memory regions for x86_64. This first patch adds the infrastructure and does not randomize any region. The following patches will randomize the physical memory mapping, vmalloc and vmemmap regions. This security feature mitigates exploits relying on predictable kernel addresses. These addresses can be used to disclose the kernel modules base addresses or corrupt specific structures to elevate privileges bypassing the current implementation of KASLR. This feature can be enabled with the CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY option. The order of each memory region is not changed. The feature looks at the available space for the regions based on different configuration options and randomizes the base and space between each. The size of the physical memory mapping is the available physical memory. No performance impact was detected while testing the feature. Entropy is generated using the KASLR early boot functions now shared in the lib directory (originally written by Kees Cook). Randomization is done on PGD & PUD page table levels to increase possible addresses. The physical memory mapping code was adapted to support PUD level virtual addresses. This implementation on the best configuration provides 30,000 possible virtual addresses in average for each memory region. An additional low memory page is used to ensure each CPU can start with a PGD aligned virtual address (for realmode). x86/dump_pagetable was updated to correctly display each region. Updated documentation on x86_64 memory layout accordingly. Performance data, after all patches in the series: Kernbench shows almost no difference (-+ less than 1%): Before: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 102.63 (1.2695) User Time 1034.89 (1.18115) System Time 87.056 (0.456416) Percent CPU 1092.9 (13.892) Context Switches 199805 (3455.33) Sleeps 97907.8 (900.636) After: Average Optimal load -j 12 Run (std deviation): Elapsed Time 102.489 (1.10636) User Time 1034.86 (1.36053) System Time 87.764 (0.49345) Percent CPU 1095 (12.7715) Context Switches 199036 (4298.1) Sleeps 97681.6 (1031.11) Hackbench shows 0% difference on average (hackbench 90 repeated 10 times): attemp,before,after 1,0.076,0.069 2,0.072,0.069 3,0.066,0.066 4,0.066,0.068 5,0.066,0.067 6,0.066,0.069 7,0.067,0.066 8,0.063,0.067 9,0.067,0.065 10,0.068,0.071 average,0.0677,0.0677 Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Cc: Alexander Kuleshov Cc: Alexander Popov Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V Cc: Baoquan He Cc: Boris Ostrovsky Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Brian Gerst Cc: Christian Borntraeger Cc: Dan Williams Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Dave Young Cc: Denys Vlasenko Cc: Dmitry Vyukov Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Jan Beulich Cc: Joerg Roedel Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Juergen Gross Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Lv Zheng Cc: Mark Salter Cc: Martin Schwidefsky Cc: Matt Fleming Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Stephen Smalley Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Toshi Kani Cc: Xiao Guangrong Cc: Yinghai Lu Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466556426-32664-6-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar --- arch/x86/mm/init.c | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) (limited to 'arch/x86/mm/init.c') diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/init.c b/arch/x86/mm/init.c index 4252acdfcbbd..cc82830bc8c4 100644 --- a/arch/x86/mm/init.c +++ b/arch/x86/mm/init.c @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ #include #include /* for MAX_DMA_PFN */ #include +#include /* * We need to define the tracepoints somewhere, and tlb.c -- cgit v1.2.3