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2022-06-29perf build-id: Fix caching files with a wrong build IDAdrian Hunter1-0/+28
commit ab66fdace8581ef3b4e7cf5381a168ed4058d779 upstream. Build ID events associate a file name with a build ID. However, when using perf inject, there is no guarantee that the file on the current machine at the current time has that build ID. Fix by comparing the build IDs and skip adding to the cache if they are different. Example: $ echo "int main() {return 0;}" > prog.c $ gcc -o prog prog.c $ perf record --buildid-all ./prog [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ] [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.019 MB perf.data ] $ file-buildid() { file $1 | awk -F= '{print $2}' | awk -F, '{print $1}' ; } $ file-buildid prog 444ad9be165d8058a48ce2ffb4e9f55854a3293e $ file-buildid ~/.debug/$(pwd)/prog/444ad9be165d8058a48ce2ffb4e9f55854a3293e/elf 444ad9be165d8058a48ce2ffb4e9f55854a3293e $ echo "int main() {return 1;}" > prog.c $ gcc -o prog prog.c $ file-buildid prog 885524d5aaa24008a3e2b06caa3ea95d013c0fc5 Before: $ perf buildid-cache --purge $(pwd)/prog $ perf inject -i perf.data -o junk $ file-buildid ~/.debug/$(pwd)/prog/444ad9be165d8058a48ce2ffb4e9f55854a3293e/elf 885524d5aaa24008a3e2b06caa3ea95d013c0fc5 $ After: $ perf buildid-cache --purge $(pwd)/prog $ perf inject -i perf.data -o junk $ file-buildid ~/.debug/$(pwd)/prog/444ad9be165d8058a48ce2ffb4e9f55854a3293e/elf $ Fixes: 454c407ec17a0c63 ("perf: add perf-inject builtin") Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220621125144.5623-1-adrian.hunter@intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-29selftests: netfilter: correct PKTGEN_SCRIPT_PATHS in nft_concat_range.shJie2x Zhou1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 5d79d8af8dec58bf709b3124d09d9572edd9c617 ] Before change: make -C netfilter TEST: performance net,port [SKIP] perf not supported port,net [SKIP] perf not supported net6,port [SKIP] perf not supported port,proto [SKIP] perf not supported net6,port,mac [SKIP] perf not supported net6,port,mac,proto [SKIP] perf not supported net,mac [SKIP] perf not supported After change: net,mac [ OK ] baseline (drop from netdev hook): 2061098pps baseline hash (non-ranged entries): 1606741pps baseline rbtree (match on first field only): 1191607pps set with 1000 full, ranged entries: 1639119pps ok 8 selftests: netfilter: nft_concat_range.sh Fixes: 611973c1e06f ("selftests: netfilter: Introduce tests for sets with range concatenation") Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jie2x Zhou <jie2x.zhou@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29ipv4: fix bind address validity regression testsRiccardo Paolo Bestetti1-9/+27
[ Upstream commit 313c502fa3b3494159cb8f18d4a6444d06c5c9a5 ] Commit 8ff978b8b222 ("ipv4/raw: support binding to nonlocal addresses") introduces support for binding to nonlocal addresses, as well as some basic test coverage for some of the related cases. Commit b4a028c4d031 ("ipv4: ping: fix bind address validity check") fixes a regression which incorrectly removed some checks for bind address validation. In addition, it introduces regression tests for those specific checks. However, those regression tests are defective, in that they perform the tests using an incorrect combination of bind flags. As a result, those tests fail when they should succeed. This commit introduces additional regression tests for nonlocal binding and fixes the defective regression tests. It also introduces new set_sysctl calls for the ipv4_bind test group, as to perform the ICMP binding tests it is necessary to allow ICMP socket creation by setting the net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob. Fixes: b4a028c4d031 ("ipv4: ping: fix bind address validity check") Reported-by: Riccardo Paolo Bestetti <pbl@bestov.io> Signed-off-by: Riccardo Paolo Bestetti <pbl@bestov.io> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29perf arm-spe: Don't set data source if it's not a memory operationLeo Yan1-14/+8
[ Upstream commit 51ba539f5bdb5a8cc7b1dedd5e73ac54564a7602 ] Except for memory load and store operations, ARM SPE records also can support other operation types, bug when set the data source field the current code assumes a record is a either load operation or store operation, this leads to wrongly synthesize memory samples. This patch strictly checks the record operation type, it only sets data source only for the operation types ARM_SPE_LD and ARM_SPE_ST, otherwise, returns zero for data source. Therefore, we can synthesize memory samples only when data source is a non-zero value, the function arm_spe__is_memory_event() is useless and removed. Fixes: e55ed3423c1bb29f ("perf arm-spe: Synthesize memory event") Reviewed-by: Ali Saidi <alisaidi@amazon.com> Reviewed-by: German Gomez <german.gomez@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Tested-by: Ali Saidi <alisaidi@amazon.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: alisaidi@amazon.com Cc: Andrew Kilroy <andrew.kilroy@arm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Li Huafei <lihuafei1@huawei.com> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Forrington <nick.forrington@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220517020326.18580-5-alisaidi@amazon.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29perf test topology: Use !strncmp(right platform) to fix guest PPC ↵Athira Rajeev1-1/+1
comparision check [ Upstream commit b236371421df57b93fc49c4b9d0e53bd1aab2b2e ] commit cfd7092c31aed728 ("perf test session topology: Fix test to skip the test in guest environment") added check to skip the testcase if the socket_id can't be fetched from topology info. But the condition check uses strncmp which should be changed to !strncmp and to correctly match platform. Fix this condition check. Fixes: cfd7092c31aed728 ("perf test session topology: Fix test to skip the test in guest environment") Reported-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Athira Jajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Athira Rajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Disha Goel <disgoel@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nageswara R Sastry <rnsastry@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220610135939.63361-1-atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29perf test: Record only user callchains on the "Check Arm64 callgraphs are ↵Michael Petlan1-1/+1
complete in fp mode" test [ Upstream commit 72dcae8efd42699bbfd55e1ef187310c4e2e5dcb ] The testcase 'Check Arm64 callgraphs are complete in fp mode' wants to see the following output: 610 leaf 62f parent 648 main However, without excluding kernel callchains, the output might look like: ffffc2ff40ef1b5c arch_local_irq_enable ffffc2ff419d032c __schedule ffffc2ff419d06c0 schedule ffffc2ff40e4da30 do_notify_resume ffffc2ff40e421b0 work_pending 610 leaf 62f parent 648 main Adding '--user-callchains' leaves only the wanted symbols in the chain. Fixes: cd6382d82752737e ("perf test arm64: Test unwinding using fame-pointer (fp) mode") Suggested-by: German Gomez <german.gomez@arm.com> Reviewed-by: German Gomez <german.gomez@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com> Cc: German Gomez <german.gomez@arm.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220614105207.26223-1-mpetlan@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29selftests dma: fix compile error for dma_map_benchmarkYu Liao2-1/+2
[ Upstream commit 12a29115be72dfc72372af9ded4bc4ae7113a729 ] When building selftests/dma: $ make -C tools/testing/selftests TARGETS=dma I hit the following compilation error: dma_map_benchmark.c:13:10: fatal error: linux/map_benchmark.h: No such file or directory #include <linux/map_benchmark.h> ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ dma/Makefile does not include the map_benchmark.h path, so add more including path, and fix include order in dma_map_benchmark.c Fixes: 8ddde07a3d28 ("dma-mapping: benchmark: extract a common header file for map_benchmark definition") Signed-off-by: Yu Liao <liaoyu15@huawei.com> Tested-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-29ipv4: ping: fix bind address validity checkRiccardo Paolo Bestetti1-0/+33
commit b4a028c4d031c27704ad73b1195ca69a1206941e upstream. Commit 8ff978b8b222 ("ipv4/raw: support binding to nonlocal addresses") introduced a helper function to fold duplicated validity checks of bind addresses into inet_addr_valid_or_nonlocal(). However, this caused an unintended regression in ping_check_bind_addr(), which previously would reject binding to multicast and broadcast addresses, but now these are both incorrectly allowed as reported in [1]. This patch restores the original check. A simple reordering is done to improve readability and make it evident that multicast and broadcast addresses should not be allowed. Also, add an early exit for INADDR_ANY which replaces lost behavior added by commit 0ce779a9f501 ("net: Avoid unnecessary inet_addr_type() call when addr is INADDR_ANY"). Furthermore, this patch introduces regression selftests to catch these specific cases. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CANP3RGdkAcDyAZoT1h8Gtuu0saq+eOrrTiWbxnOs+5zn+cpyKg@mail.gmail.com/ Fixes: 8ff978b8b222 ("ipv4/raw: support binding to nonlocal addresses") Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Reported-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Signed-off-by: Riccardo Paolo Bestetti <pbl@bestov.io> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-25selftests/bpf: Add selftest for calling global functions from freplaceToke Høiland-Jørgensen2-0/+32
commit 2cf7b7ffdae519b284f1406012b52e2282fa36bf upstream. Add a selftest that calls a global function with a context object parameter from an freplace function to check that the program context type is correctly converted to the freplace target when fetching the context type from the kernel BTF. v2: - Trim includes - Get rid of global function - Use __noinline Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220606075253.28422-2-toke@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-22x86/ftrace: Remove OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD usageJosh Poimboeuf1-0/+6
[ Upstream commit 7b6c7a877cc616bc7dc9cd39646fe454acbed48b ] The file-wide OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD annotation is used with CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER to tell objtool to skip the entire file when frame pointers are enabled. However that annotation is now deprecated because it doesn't work with IBT, where objtool runs on vmlinux.o instead of individual translation units. Instead, use more fine-grained function-specific annotations: - The 'save_mcount_regs' macro does funny things with the frame pointer. Use STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD_FP to tell objtool to ignore the functions using it. - The return_to_handler() "function" isn't actually a callable function. Instead of being called, it's returned to. The real return address isn't on the stack, so unwinding is already doomed no matter which unwinder is used. So just remove the STT_FUNC annotation, telling objtool to ignore it. That also removes the implicit ANNOTATE_NOENDBR, which now needs to be made explicit. Fixes the following warning: vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __fentry__+0x16: return with modified stack frame Fixes: ed53a0d97192 ("x86/alternative: Use .ibt_endbr_seal to seal indirect calls") Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b7a7a42fe306aca37826043dac89e113a1acdbac.1654268610.git.jpoimboe@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-16KVM: x86/speculation: Disable Fill buffer clear within guestsPawan Gupta1-0/+6
commit 027bbb884be006b05d9c577d6401686053aa789e upstream The enumeration of MD_CLEAR in CPUID(EAX=7,ECX=0).EDX{bit 10} is not an accurate indicator on all CPUs of whether the VERW instruction will overwrite fill buffers. FB_CLEAR enumeration in IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES{bit 17} covers the case of CPUs that are not vulnerable to MDS/TAA, indicating that microcode does overwrite fill buffers. Guests running in VMM environments may not be aware of all the capabilities/vulnerabilities of the host CPU. Specifically, a guest may apply MDS/TAA mitigations when a virtual CPU is enumerated as vulnerable to MDS/TAA even when the physical CPU is not. On CPUs that enumerate FB_CLEAR_CTRL the VMM may set FB_CLEAR_DIS to skip overwriting of fill buffers by the VERW instruction. This is done by setting FB_CLEAR_DIS during VMENTER and resetting on VMEXIT. For guests that enumerate FB_CLEAR (explicitly asking for fill buffer clear capability) the VMM will not use FB_CLEAR_DIS. Irrespective of guest state, host overwrites CPU buffers before VMENTER to protect itself from an MMIO capable guest, as part of mitigation for MMIO Stale Data vulnerabilities. Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-16x86/speculation/mmio: Enumerate Processor MMIO Stale Data bugPawan Gupta2-0/+20
commit 51802186158c74a0304f51ab963e7c2b3a2b046f upstream Processor MMIO Stale Data is a class of vulnerabilities that may expose data after an MMIO operation. For more details please refer to Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/processor_mmio_stale_data.rst Add the Processor MMIO Stale Data bug enumeration. A microcode update adds new bits to the MSR IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES, define them. Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-14objtool: Mark __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable() as noreturnPeter Zijlstra1-1/+2
[ Upstream commit 385bd430c011a8cb8278e61c32d602d11e06f414 ] fs/ntfs3/ntfs3.prelink.o: warning: objtool: ni_read_frame() falls through to next function ni_readpage_cmpr.cold() That is in fact: 000000000000124a <ni_read_frame.cold>: 124a: 44 89 e0 mov %r12d,%eax 124d: 0f b6 55 98 movzbl -0x68(%rbp),%edx 1251: 48 c7 c7 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%rdi 1254: R_X86_64_32S .data+0x1380 1258: 48 89 c6 mov %rax,%rsi 125b: e8 00 00 00 00 call 1260 <ni_read_frame.cold+0x16> 125c: R_X86_64_PLT32 __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds-0x4 1260: 48 8d 7d cc lea -0x34(%rbp),%rdi 1264: e8 00 00 00 00 call 1269 <ni_read_frame.cold+0x1f> 1265: R_X86_64_PLT32 __tsan_read4-0x4 1269: 8b 45 cc mov -0x34(%rbp),%eax 126c: e9 00 00 00 00 jmp 1271 <ni_read_frame.cold+0x27> 126d: R_X86_64_PC32 .text+0x19109 1271: 48 8b 75 a0 mov -0x60(%rbp),%rsi 1275: 48 63 d0 movslq %eax,%rdx 1278: 48 c7 c7 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%rdi 127b: R_X86_64_32S .data+0x13a0 127f: 89 45 88 mov %eax,-0x78(%rbp) 1282: e8 00 00 00 00 call 1287 <ni_read_frame.cold+0x3d> 1283: R_X86_64_PLT32 __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds-0x4 1287: 8b 45 88 mov -0x78(%rbp),%eax 128a: e9 00 00 00 00 jmp 128f <ni_read_frame.cold+0x45> 128b: R_X86_64_PC32 .text+0x19098 128f: 48 c7 c7 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%rdi 1292: R_X86_64_32S .data+0x11f0 1296: e8 00 00 00 00 call 129b <ni_readpage_cmpr.cold> 1297: R_X86_64_PLT32 __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable-0x4 000000000000129b <ni_readpage_cmpr.cold>: Tell objtool that __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable() is a noreturn. Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220502091514.GB479834@worktop.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14selftests net: fix bpf build errorLina Wang1-2/+2
[ Upstream commit cf67838c4422eab826679b076dad99f96152b4de ] bpf_helpers.h has been moved to tools/lib/bpf since 5.10, so add more including path. Fixes: edae34a3ed92 ("selftests net: add UDP GRO fraglist + bpf self-tests") Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Lina Wang <lina.wang@mediatek.com> Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com> Acked-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220606064517.8175-1-lina.wang@mediatek.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14netfilter: nat: really support inet nat without l3 addressFlorian Westphal1-0/+43
[ Upstream commit 282e5f8fe907dc3f2fbf9f2103b0e62ffc3a68a5 ] When no l3 address is given, priv->family is set to NFPROTO_INET and the evaluation function isn't called. Call it too so l4-only rewrite can work. Also add a test case for this. Fixes: a33f387ecd5aa ("netfilter: nft_nat: allow to specify layer 4 protocol NAT only") Reported-by: Yi Chen <yiche@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14rtla/Makefile: Properly handle dependenciesDaniel Bristot de Oliveira1-0/+35
[ Upstream commit fe4d0d5dde457bb5832b866418b5036f4f0c8d13 ] Linus had a problem compiling RTLA, saying: "[...] I wish the tracing tools would do a bit more package checking and helpful error messages too, rather than just fail with: fatal error: tracefs.h: No such file or directory" Which is indeed not a helpful message. Update the Makefile, adding proper checks for the dependencies, with useful information about how to resolve possible problems. For example, the previous error is now reported as: $ make ******************************************** ** NOTICE: libtracefs version 1.3 or higher not found ** ** Consider installing the latest libtracefs from your ** distribution, e.g., 'dnf install libtracefs' on Fedora, ** or from source: ** ** https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libtrace/libtracefs.git/ ** ******************************************** These messages are inspired by the ones used on trace-cmd, as suggested by Stevel Rostedt. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=whxmA86E=csNv76DuxX_wYsg8mW15oUs3XTabu2Yc80yw@mail.gmail.com/ Changes from V1: - Moved the rst2man check to the install phase (when it is used). - Removed the procps-ng lib check [1] as it is being removed. [1] a0f9f8c1030c66305c9b921057c3d483064d5529.1651220820.git.bristot@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/3f1fac776c37e4b67c876a94e5a0e45ed022ff3d.1651238057.git.bristot@kernel.org Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14perf c2c: Fix sorting in percent_rmt_hitm_cmp()Leo Yan1-2/+2
[ Upstream commit b24192a17337abbf3f44aaa75e15df14a2d0016e ] The function percent_rmt_hitm_cmp() wrongly uses local HITMs for sorting remote HITMs. Since this function is to sort cache lines for remote HITMs, this patch changes to use 'rmt_hitm' field for correct sorting. Fixes: 9cb3500afc0980c5 ("perf c2c report: Add hitm/store percent related sort keys") Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Joe Mario <jmario@redhat.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220530084253.750190-1-leo.yan@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14perf record: Support sample-read topdown metric group for hybrid platformsZhengjun Xing3-18/+13
[ Upstream commit 151e7d75036b4e2ac0f33730bc1a5b3ff424d9a7 ] With the hardware TopDown metrics feature, the sample-read feature should be supported for a TopDown group, e.g., sample a non-topdown event and read a Topdown metric group. But the current perf record code errors are out. For a TopDown metric group,the slots event must be the leader of the group, but the leader slots event doesn't support sampling. To support sample-read the TopDown metric group, uses the 2nd event of the group as the "leader" for the purposes of sampling. Only the platform with the TopDown metric feature supports sample-read the topdown group. In commit acb65150a47c ("perf record: Support sample-read topdown metric group"), it adds arch_topdown_sample_read() to indicate whether the TopDown group supports sample-read, it should only work on the non-hybrid systems, this patch extends the support for hybrid platforms. Before: # ./perf record -e "{cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/cycles/,cpu_core/topdown-retiring/}:S" -a sleep 1 Error: The sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with 22 (Invalid argument) for event (cpu_core/topdown-retiring/). /bin/dmesg | grep -i perf may provide additional information. After: # ./perf record -e "{cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/cycles/,cpu_core/topdown-retiring/}:S" -a sleep 1 [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ] [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.238 MB perf.data (369 samples) ] Fixes: acb65150a47c2bae ("perf record: Support sample-read topdown metric group") Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Zhengjun Xing <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220602153603.1884710-1-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14perf parse-events: Move slots event for the hybrid platform tooKan Liang3-2/+35
[ Upstream commit e0e14cdff31d326f81e0edbd5140f788c870756c ] The commit 94dbfd6781a0e87b ("perf parse-events: Architecture specific leader override") introduced a feature to reorder the slots event to fulfill the restriction of the perf metrics topdown group. But the feature doesn't work on the hybrid machine. $ perf stat -e "{cpu_core/instructions/,cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/topdown-retiring/}" -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': <not counted> cpu_core/instructions/ <not counted> cpu_core/slots/ <not supported> cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ 1.002871801 seconds time elapsed A hybrid platform has a different PMU name for the core PMUs, while current perf hard code the PMU name "cpu". Introduce a new function to check whether the system supports the perf metrics feature. The result is cached for the future usage. For X86, the core PMU name always has "cpu" prefix. With the patch: $ perf stat -e "{cpu_core/instructions/,cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/topdown-retiring/}" -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 76,337,010 cpu_core/slots/ 10,416,809 cpu_core/instructions/ 11,692,372 cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ 1.002805453 seconds time elapsed Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220518143900.1493980-5-kan.liang@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14perf evsel: Fixes topdown events in a weak group for the hybrid platformKan Liang1-2/+21
[ Upstream commit 39d5f412da84784bcc7f39ed49e55376be526fc7 ] The patch ("perf evlist: Keep topdown counters in weak group") fixes the perf metrics topdown event issue when the topdown events are in a weak group on a non-hybrid platform. However, it doesn't work for the hybrid platform. $./perf stat -e '{cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/, cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/,cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/, cpu_core/topdown-retiring/,cpu_core/branch-instructions/, cpu_core/branch-misses/,cpu_core/bus-cycles/,cpu_core/cache-misses/, cpu_core/cache-references/,cpu_core/cpu-cycles/,cpu_core/instructions/, cpu_core/mem-loads/,cpu_core/mem-stores/,cpu_core/ref-cycles/, cpu_core/cache-misses/,cpu_core/cache-references/}:W' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 751,765,068 cpu_core/slots/ (84.07%) <not supported> cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/ <not supported> cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/ <not supported> cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/ <not supported> cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ 12,398,197 cpu_core/branch-instructions/ (84.07%) 1,054,218 cpu_core/branch-misses/ (84.24%) 539,764,637 cpu_core/bus-cycles/ (84.64%) 14,683 cpu_core/cache-misses/ (84.87%) 7,277,809 cpu_core/cache-references/ (77.30%) 222,299,439 cpu_core/cpu-cycles/ (77.28%) 63,661,714 cpu_core/instructions/ (84.85%) 0 cpu_core/mem-loads/ (77.29%) 12,271,725 cpu_core/mem-stores/ (77.30%) 542,241,102 cpu_core/ref-cycles/ (84.85%) 8,854 cpu_core/cache-misses/ (76.71%) 7,179,013 cpu_core/cache-references/ (76.31%) 1.003245250 seconds time elapsed A hybrid platform has a different PMU name for the core PMUs, while the current perf hard code the PMU name "cpu". The evsel->pmu_name can be used to replace the "cpu" to fix the issue. For a hybrid platform, the pmu_name must be non-NULL. Because there are at least two core PMUs. The PMU has to be specified. For a non-hybrid platform, the pmu_name may be NULL. Because there is only one core PMU, "cpu". For a NULL pmu_name, we can safely assume that it is a "cpu" PMU. In case other PMUs also define the "slots" event, checking the PMU type as well. With the patch, $ perf stat -e '{cpu_core/slots/,cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/, cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/,cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/, cpu_core/topdown-retiring/,cpu_core/branch-instructions/, cpu_core/branch-misses/,cpu_core/bus-cycles/,cpu_core/cache-misses/, cpu_core/cache-references/,cpu_core/cpu-cycles/,cpu_core/instructions/, cpu_core/mem-loads/,cpu_core/mem-stores/,cpu_core/ref-cycles/, cpu_core/cache-misses/,cpu_core/cache-references/}:W' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 766,620,266 cpu_core/slots/ (84.06%) 73,172,129 cpu_core/topdown-bad-spec/ # 9.5% bad speculation (84.06%) 193,443,341 cpu_core/topdown-be-bound/ # 25.0% backend bound (84.06%) 403,940,929 cpu_core/topdown-fe-bound/ # 52.3% frontend bound (84.06%) 102,070,237 cpu_core/topdown-retiring/ # 13.2% retiring (84.06%) 12,364,429 cpu_core/branch-instructions/ (84.03%) 1,080,124 cpu_core/branch-misses/ (84.24%) 564,120,383 cpu_core/bus-cycles/ (84.65%) 36,979 cpu_core/cache-misses/ (84.86%) 7,298,094 cpu_core/cache-references/ (77.30%) 227,174,372 cpu_core/cpu-cycles/ (77.31%) 63,886,523 cpu_core/instructions/ (84.87%) 0 cpu_core/mem-loads/ (77.31%) 12,208,782 cpu_core/mem-stores/ (77.31%) 566,409,738 cpu_core/ref-cycles/ (84.87%) 23,118 cpu_core/cache-misses/ (76.71%) 7,212,602 cpu_core/cache-references/ (76.29%) 1.003228667 seconds time elapsed Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220518143900.1493980-2-kan.liang@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-14selftests/bpf: fix stacktrace_build_id with missing kprobe/urandom_readSong Liu1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 59ed76fe2f981bccde37bdddb465f260a96a2404 ] Kernel function urandom_read is replaced with urandom_read_iter. Therefore, kprobe on urandom_read is not working any more: [root@eth50-1 bpf]# ./test_progs -n 161 test_stacktrace_build_id:PASS:skel_open_and_load 0 nsec libbpf: kprobe perf_event_open() failed: No such file or directory libbpf: prog 'oncpu': failed to create kprobe 'urandom_read+0x0' \ perf event: No such file or directory libbpf: prog 'oncpu': failed to auto-attach: -2 test_stacktrace_build_id:FAIL:attach_tp err -2 161 stacktrace_build_id:FAIL Fix this by replacing urandom_read with urandom_read_iter in the test. Fixes: 1b388e7765f2 ("random: convert to using fops->read_iter()") Reported-by: Mykola Lysenko <mykolal@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220526191608.2364049-1-song@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf evlist: Extend arch_evsel__must_be_in_group to support hybrid systemsZhengjun Xing1-1/+1
commit e69a5c010246ca6a87c4e6f13d0a291954bdece8 upstream. For the hybrid system, the "slots" event changes to "cpu_core/slots/", need extend API arch_evsel__must_be_in_group() to support hybrid systems. In the origin code, for hybrid system event "cpu_core/slots/", the output of the API arch_evsel__must_be_in_group() is "false" (in fact,it should be "true"). Currently only one API evsel__remove_from_group() calls it. In evsel__remove_from_group(), it adds the second condition to check, so the output of evsel__remove_from_group() still is correct. That's the reason why there isn't an instant error. I'd like to fix the issue found in API arch_evsel__must_be_in_group() in case someone else using the function in the other place. Fixes: d98079c05b5a ("perf evlist: Keep topdown counters in weak group") Signed-off-by: Zhengjun Xing <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220601152544.1842447-1-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: adrian.hunter@intel.com Cc: alexander.shishkin@intel.com Cc: acme@kernel.org Cc: ak@linux.intel.com Cc: jolsa@redhat.com Cc: mingo@redhat.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-perf-users@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09kseltest/cgroup: Make test_stress.sh work if run interactivelyWaiman Long1-1/+1
commit 213adc63dfbcdff9a0c19ec1f2681fda9c05cf6d upstream. Commit 54de76c01239 ("kselftest/cgroup: fix test_stress.sh to use OUTPUT dir") changes the test_core command path from . to $OUTPUT. However, variable OUTPUT may not be defined if the command is run interactively. Fix that by using ${OUTPUT:-.} to cover both cases. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09landlock: Fix same-layer rule unionsMickaël Salaün1-0/+107
commit 8ba0005ff418ec356e176b26eaa04a6ac755d05b upstream. The original behavior was to check if the full set of requested accesses was allowed by at least a rule of every relevant layer. This didn't take into account requests for multiple accesses and same-layer rules allowing the union of these accesses in a complementary way. As a result, multiple accesses requested on a file hierarchy matching rules that, together, allowed these accesses, but without a unique rule allowing all of them, was illegitimately denied. This case should be rare in practice and it can only be triggered by the path_rename or file_open hook implementations. For instance, if, for the same layer, a rule allows execution beneath /a/b and another rule allows read beneath /a, requesting access to read and execute at the same time for /a/b should be allowed for this layer. This was an inconsistency because the union of same-layer rule accesses was already allowed if requested once at a time anyway. This fix changes the way allowed accesses are gathered over a path walk. To take into account all these rule accesses, we store in a matrix all layer granting the set of requested accesses, according to the handled accesses. To avoid heap allocation, we use an array on the stack which is 2*13 bytes. A following commit bringing the LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER access right will increase this size to reach 112 bytes (2*14*4) in case of link or rename actions. Add a new layout1.layer_rule_unions test to check that accesses from different rules pertaining to the same layer are ORed in a file hierarchy. Also test that it is not the case for rules from different layers. Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506161102.525323-5-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09landlock: Reduce the maximum number of layers to 16Mickaël Salaün1-1/+1
commit 75c542d6c6cc48720376862d5496d51509160dfd upstream. The maximum number of nested Landlock domains is currently 64. Because of the following fix and to help reduce the stack size, let's reduce it to 16. This seems large enough for a lot of use cases (e.g. sandboxed init service, spawning a sandboxed SSH service, in nested sandboxed containers). Reducing the number of nested domains may also help to discover misuse of Landlock (e.g. creating a domain per rule). Add and use a dedicated layer_mask_t typedef to fit with the number of layers. This might be useful when changing it and to keep it consistent with the maximum number of layers. Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506161102.525323-3-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Test landlock_create_ruleset(2) argument check orderingMickaël Salaün1-1/+20
commit 6533d0c3a86ee1cc74ff37ac92ca597deb87015c upstream. Add inval_create_ruleset_arguments, extension of inval_create_ruleset_flags, to also check error ordering for landlock_create_ruleset(2). This is similar to the previous commit checking landlock_add_rule(2). Test coverage for security/landlock is 94.4% of 504 lines accorging to gcc/gcov-11. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-11-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09landlock: Change landlock_restrict_self(2) check orderingMickaël Salaün1-10/+37
commit eba39ca4b155c54adf471a69e91799cc1727873f upstream. According to the Landlock goal to be a security feature available to unprivileges processes, it makes more sense to first check for no_new_privs before checking anything else (i.e. syscall arguments). Merge inval_fd_enforce and unpriv_enforce_without_no_new_privs tests into the new restrict_self_checks_ordering. This is similar to the previous commit checking other syscalls. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-10-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09landlock: Change landlock_add_rule(2) argument check orderingMickaël Salaün1-2/+32
commit 589172e5636c4d16c40b90e87543d43defe2d968 upstream. This makes more sense to first check the ruleset FD and then the rule attribute. It will be useful to factor out code for other rule types. Add inval_add_rule_arguments tests, extension of empty_path_beneath_attr tests, to also check error ordering for landlock_add_rule(2). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-9-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Add tests for O_PATHMickaël Salaün1-2/+8
commit d1788ad990874734341b05ab8ccb6448c09c6422 upstream. The O_PATH flag is currently not handled by Landlock. Let's make sure this behavior will remain consistent with the same ruleset over time. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-8-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Fully test file rename with "remove" accessMickaël Salaün1-4/+37
commit 6a1bdd4a0bfc30fa4fa2b3a979e6525f28996db9 upstream. These tests were missing to check the check_access_path() call with all combinations of maybe_remove(old_dentry) and maybe_remove(new_dentry). Extend layout1.link with a new complementary test and check that REMOVE_FILE is not required to link a file. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-7-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Extend access right tests to directoriesMickaël Salaün1-8/+22
commit d18955d094d09a220cf8f533f5e896a2fe31575a upstream. Make sure that all filesystem access rights can be tied to directories. Rename layout1.file_access_rights to layout1.file_and_dir_access_rights to reflect this change. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-6-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Add tests for unknown access rightsMickaël Salaün1-0/+16
commit c56b3bf566da5a0dd3b58ad97a614b0928b06ebf upstream. Make sure that trying to use unknown access rights returns an error. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-5-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Extend tests for minimal valid attribute sizeMickaël Salaün1-0/+5
commit 291865bd7e8bb4b4033d341fa02dafa728e6378c upstream. This might be useful when the struct landlock_ruleset_attr will get more fields. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-4-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Make tests build with old libcMickaël Salaün1-5/+18
commit 87129ef13603ae46c82bcd09eed948acf0506dbb upstream. Replace SYS_<syscall> with __NR_<syscall>. Using the __NR_<syscall> notation, provided by UAPI, is useful to build tests on systems without the SYS_<syscall> definitions. Replace SYS_pivot_root with __NR_pivot_root, and SYS_move_mount with __NR_move_mount. Define renameat2() and RENAME_EXCHANGE if they are unknown to old build systems. Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160820.524344-3-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Format with clang-formatMickaël Salaün4-251/+312
commit 371183fa578a4cf56b3ae12e54b7f01a4249add1 upstream. Let's follow a consistent and documented coding style. Everything may not be to our liking but it is better than tacit knowledge. Moreover, this will help maintain style consistency between different developers. This contains only whitespace changes. Automatically formatted with: clang-format-14 -i tools/testing/selftests/landlock/*.[ch] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160513.523257-6-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [mic: Update style according to https://lore.kernel.org/r/02494cb8-2aa5-1769-f28d-d7206f284e5a@digikod.net] Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Normalize array assignmentMickaël Salaün1-56/+56
commit 135464f9d29c5b306d7201220f1d00dab30fea89 upstream. Add a comma after each array value to make clang-format keep the current array formatting. See the following commit. Automatically modified with: sed -i 's/\t\({}\|NULL\)$/\0,/' tools/testing/selftests/landlock/fs_test.c Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160513.523257-5-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09selftests/landlock: Add clang-format exceptionsMickaël Salaün3-7/+38
commit 4598d9abf4215e1e371a35683350d50122793c80 upstream. In preparation to a following commit, add clang-format on and clang-format off stanzas around constant definitions and the TEST_F_FORK macro. This enables to keep aligned values, which is much more readable than packed definitions. Add other clang-format exceptions for FIXTURE() and FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD() declarations to force space before open brace, which is reported by checkpatch.pl . Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506160513.523257-4-mic@digikod.net Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09objtool: Fix symbol creationPeter Zijlstra1-69/+129
commit ead165fa1042247b033afad7be4be9b815d04ade upstream. Nathan reported objtool failing with the following messages: warning: objtool: no non-local symbols !? warning: objtool: gelf_update_symshndx: invalid section index The problem is due to commit 4abff6d48dbc ("objtool: Fix code relocs vs weak symbols") failing to consider the case where an object would have no non-local symbols. The problem that commit tries to address is adding a STB_LOCAL symbol to the symbol table in light of the ELF spec's requirement that: In each symbol table, all symbols with STB_LOCAL binding preced the weak and global symbols. As ``Sections'' above describes, a symbol table section's sh_info section header member holds the symbol table index for the first non-local symbol. The approach taken is to find this first non-local symbol, move that to the end and then re-use the freed spot to insert a new local symbol and increment sh_info. Except it never considered the case of object files without global symbols and got a whole bunch of details wrong -- so many in fact that it is a wonder it ever worked :/ Specifically: - It failed to re-hash the symbol on the new index, so a subsequent find_symbol_by_index() would not find it at the new location and a query for the old location would now return a non-deterministic choice between the old and new symbol. - It failed to appreciate that the GElf wrappers are not a valid disk format (it works because GElf is basically Elf64 and we only support x86_64 atm.) - It failed to fully appreciate how horrible the libelf API really is and got the gelf_update_symshndx() call pretty much completely wrong; with the direct consequence that if inserting a second STB_LOCAL symbol would require moving the same STB_GLOBAL symbol again it would completely come unstuck. Write a new elf_update_symbol() function that wraps all the magic required to update or create a new symbol at a given index. Specifically, gelf_update_sym*() require an @ndx argument that is relative to the @data argument; this means you have to manually iterate the section data descriptor list and update @ndx. Fixes: 4abff6d48dbc ("objtool: Fix code relocs vs weak symbols") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YoPCTEYjoPqE4ZxB@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09objtool: Fix objtool regression on x32 systemsMikulas Patocka3-7/+8
commit 22682a07acc308ef78681572e19502ce8893c4d4 upstream. Commit c087c6e7b551 ("objtool: Fix type of reloc::addend") failed to appreciate cross building from ILP32 hosts, where 'int' == 'long' and the issue persists. As such, use s64/int64_t/Elf64_Sxword for this field and suffer the pain that is ISO C99 printf formats for it. Fixes: c087c6e7b551 ("objtool: Fix type of reloc::addend") Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> [peterz: reword changelog, s/long long/s64/] Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LRH.2.02.2205161041260.11556@file01.intranet.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-06-09perf jevents: Fix event syntax error caused by ExtSelZhengjun Xing1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit f4df0dbbe62ee8e4405a57b27ccd54393971c773 ] In the origin code, when "ExtSel" is 1, the eventcode will change to "eventcode |= 1 << 21”. For event “UNC_Q_RxL_CREDITS_CONSUMED_VN0.DRS", its "ExtSel" is "1", its eventcode will change from 0x1E to 0x20001E, but in fact the eventcode should <=0x1FF, so this will cause the parse fail: # perf stat -e "UNC_Q_RxL_CREDITS_CONSUMED_VN0.DRS" -a sleep 0.1 event syntax error: '.._RxL_CREDITS_CONSUMED_VN0.DRS' \___ value too big for format, maximum is 511 On the perf kernel side, the kernel assumes the valid bits are continuous. It will adjust the 0x100 (bit 8 for perf tool) to bit 21 in HW. DEFINE_UNCORE_FORMAT_ATTR(event_ext, event, "config:0-7,21"); So the perf tool follows the kernel side and just set bit8 other than bit21. Fixes: fedb2b518239cbc0 ("perf jevents: Add support for parsing uncore json files") Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220525140410.1706851-1-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09rtla: Remove procps-ng dependencyDaniel Bristot de Oliveira4-24/+88
[ Upstream commit dada03db9bb1984826e61cfcf1418ac73848324d ] Daniel Wagner reported to me that readproc.h got deprecated. Also, while the procps-ng library was available on Fedora, it was not available on RHEL, which is a piece of evidence that it was not that used. rtla uses procps-ng only to find the PID of the tracers' workload. I used the procps-ng library to avoid reinventing the wheel. But in this case, reinventing the wheel took me less time than the time we already took trying to work around problems. Implement a function that reads /proc/ entries, checking if: - the entry is a directory - the directory name is composed only of digits (PID) - the directory contains the comm file - the comm file contains a comm that matches the tracers' workload prefix. - then return true; otherwise, return false. And use it instead of procps-ng. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e8276e122ee9eb2c5a0ba8e673fb6488b924b825.1652423574.git.bristot@kernel.org Cc: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Tao Zhou <tao.zhou@linux.dev> Fixes: b1696371d865 ("rtla: Helper functions for rtla") Reported-by: Daniel Wagner <dwagner@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Daniel Wagner <dwagner@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09rtla: Fix __set_sched_attr error messageDaniel Bristot de Oliveira1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit 941a53c39a151e9aceef153cdfaed0f166ba01b7 ] rtla's function __set_sched_attr() was borrowed from stalld, but I forgot to update the error message to something meaningful for rtla. Update the error message from: boost_with_deadline failed to boost pid PID: STRERROR to a proper one: Failed to set sched attributes to the pid PID: STRERROR Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a2d19b2c53f6512aefd1ee7f8c1bd19d4fc8b99d.1651247710.git.bristot@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/eeded730413e7feaa13f946924bcf2cbf7dd9561.1650617571.git.bristot@kernel.org/ Fixes: b1696371d865 ("rtla: Helper functions for rtla") Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09rtla: Minor grammar fix for rtla READMEJohn Kacur1-7/+5
[ Upstream commit 22d146f7c1e97f4870e4497c0202939a031f740c ] - Change to "The rtla meta-tool includes" - Remove an unnecessary "But, " - Adjust the formatting of the paragraph resulting from the changes. - Simplify the wording for the libraries and tools. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/437f0accdde53713ab3cce46f3564be00487e031.1651247710.git.bristot@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220408161012.10544-1-jkacur@redhat.com/ Cc: Daniel Bristot de Oliveria <bristot@kernel.org> Fixes: 79ce8f43ac5a ("rtla: Real-Time Linux Analysis tool") Acked-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09rtla: Don't overwrite existing directory modeJohn Kacur1-1/+2
[ Upstream commit 39c3d84cb5b52792a7323a338334d8d65b2dbe3f ] The mode on /usr/bin is often 555 these days, but make install on rtla overwrites this with 755 Fix this by preserving the current directory if it exists. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/8c294a6961080a1970fd8b73f7bcf1e3984579e2.1651247710.git.bristot@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220402043939.6962-1-jkacur@redhat.com Cc: Daniel Bristot de Oliveria <bristot@redhat.com> Fixes: 79ce8f43ac5a ("rtla: Real-Time Linux Analysis tool") Acked-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09rtla: Avoid record NULL pointer dereferenceWan Jiabing4-16/+20
[ Upstream commit 2a6b52ed72c822b5ee146a6a00ea66614fe02653 ] Fix the following null/deref_null.cocci errors: ./tools/tracing/rtla/src/osnoise_hist.c:870:31-36: ERROR: record is NULL but dereferenced. ./tools/tracing/rtla/src/osnoise_top.c:650:31-36: ERROR: record is NULL but dereferenced. ./tools/tracing/rtla/src/timerlat_hist.c:905:31-36: ERROR: record is NULL but dereferenced. ./tools/tracing/rtla/src/timerlat_top.c:700:31-36: ERROR: record is NULL but dereferenced. "record" is NULL before calling osnoise_init_trace_tool. Add a tag "out_free" to avoid dereferring a NULL pointer. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ae0e4500d383db0884eb2820286afe34ca303778.1651247710.git.bristot@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220408151406.34823-1-wanjiabing@vivo.com/ Cc: kael_w@yeah.net Cc: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Fixes: 51d64c3a1819 ("rtla: Add -e/--event support") Acked-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Wan Jiabing <wanjiabing@vivo.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf c2c: Use stdio interface if slang is not supportedLeo Yan1-2/+4
[ Upstream commit c4040212bc97d16040712a410335f93bc94d2262 ] If the slang lib is not installed on the system, perf c2c tool disables TUI mode and roll back to use stdio mode; but the flag 'c2c.use_stdio' is missed to set true and thus it wrongly applies UI quirks in the function ui_quirks(). This commit forces to use stdio interface if slang is not supported, and it can avoid to apply the UI quirks and show the correct metric header. Before: ================================================= Shared Cache Line Distribution Pareto ================================================= ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 99 0 0 0 0xaaaac17d6000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.00% 0.00% 6.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0x20 N/A 0 0xaaaac17c25ac 0 0 43 375 18469 2 [.] 0x00000000000025ac memstress memstress[25ac] 0 0.00% 0.00% 93.94% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0x29 N/A 0 0xaaaac17c3e88 0 0 173 180 135 2 [.] 0x0000000000003e88 memstress memstress[3e88] 0 After: ================================================= Shared Cache Line Distribution Pareto ================================================= ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 99 0 0 0 0xaaaac17d6000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.00% 0.00% 6.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0x20 N/A 0 0xaaaac17c25ac 0 0 43 375 18469 2 [.] 0x00000000000025ac memstress memstress[25ac] 0 0.00% 0.00% 93.94% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0x29 N/A 0 0xaaaac17c3e88 0 0 173 180 135 2 [.] 0x0000000000003e88 memstress memstress[3e88] 0 Fixes: 5a1a99cd2e4e1557 ("perf c2c report: Add main TUI browser") Reported-by: Joe Mario <jmario@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220526145400.611249-1-leo.yan@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf build: Fix btf__load_from_kernel_by_id() feature checkJiri Olsa1-2/+3
[ Upstream commit 73534617dfa3c4cd95fe5ffaeff5315e9ffc2de6 ] The btf__load_from_kernel_by_id() only takes one arg, not two. Committer notes: I tested it just with an older libbpf, one where btf__load_from_kernel_by_id() wasn't introduced yet. A test with a newer dynamic libbpf would fail because the btf__load_from_kernel_by_id() is there, but takes just one arg. Fixes: 0ae065a5d265bc5a ("perf build: Fix check for btf__load_from_kernel_by_id() in libbpf") Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Link: http://lore.kernel.org/linux-perf-users/YozLKby7ITEtchC9@krava Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf stat: Always keep perf metrics topdown events in a groupKan Liang4-13/+15
[ Upstream commit e8f4f794d7047dd36f090f44f12cd645fba204d2 ] If any member in a group has a different cpu mask than the other members, the current perf stat disables group. when the perf metrics topdown events are part of the group, the below <not supported> error will be triggered. $ perf stat -e "{slots,topdown-retiring,uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/}" -a sleep 1 WARNING: grouped events cpus do not match, disabling group: anon group { slots, topdown-retiring, uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/ } Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 141,465,174 slots <not supported> topdown-retiring 1,605,330,334 uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/ The perf metrics topdown events must always be grouped with a slots event as leader. Factor out evsel__remove_from_group() to only remove the regular events from the group. Remove evsel__must_be_in_group(), since no one use it anymore. With the patch, the topdown events aren't broken from the group for the splitting. $ perf stat -e "{slots,topdown-retiring,uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/}" -a sleep 1 WARNING: grouped events cpus do not match, disabling group: anon group { slots, topdown-retiring, uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/ } Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 346,110,588 slots 124,608,256 topdown-retiring 1,606,869,976 uncore_imc_free_running_0/dclk/ 1.003877592 seconds time elapsed Fixes: a9a1790247bdcf3b ("perf stat: Ensure group is defined on top of the same cpu mask") Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220518143900.1493980-3-kan.liang@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf evlist: Keep topdown counters in weak groupIan Rogers4-2/+39
[ Upstream commit d98079c05b5a5411c6030c47b6256cbeeeff77d0 ] On Intel Icelake, topdown events must always be grouped with a slots event as leader. When a metric is parsed a weak group is formed and retried if perf_event_open fails. The retried events aren't grouped breaking the slots leader requirement. This change modifies the weak group "reset" behavior so that topdown events aren't broken from the group for the retry. $ perf stat -e '{slots,topdown-bad-spec,topdown-be-bound,topdown-fe-bound,topdown-retiring,branch-instructions,branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,mem-loads,mem-stores,ref-cycles,baclears.any,ARITH.DIVIDER_ACTIVE}:W' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 47,867,188,483 slots (92.27%) <not supported> topdown-bad-spec <not supported> topdown-be-bound <not supported> topdown-fe-bound <not supported> topdown-retiring 2,173,346,937 branch-instructions (92.27%) 10,540,253 branch-misses # 0.48% of all branches (92.29%) 96,291,140 bus-cycles (92.29%) 6,214,202 cache-misses # 20.120 % of all cache refs (92.29%) 30,886,082 cache-references (76.91%) 11,773,726,641 cpu-cycles (84.62%) 11,807,585,307 instructions # 1.00 insn per cycle (92.31%) 0 mem-loads (92.32%) 2,212,928,573 mem-stores (84.69%) 10,024,403,118 ref-cycles (92.35%) 16,232,978 baclears.any (92.35%) 23,832,633 ARITH.DIVIDER_ACTIVE (84.59%) 0.981070734 seconds time elapsed After: $ perf stat -e '{slots,topdown-bad-spec,topdown-be-bound,topdown-fe-bound,topdown-retiring,branch-instructions,branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,mem-loads,mem-stores,ref-cycles,baclears.any,ARITH.DIVIDER_ACTIVE}:W' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 31040189283 slots (92.27%) 8997514811 topdown-bad-spec # 28.2% bad speculation (92.27%) 10997536028 topdown-be-bound # 34.5% backend bound (92.27%) 4778060526 topdown-fe-bound # 15.0% frontend bound (92.27%) 7086628768 topdown-retiring # 22.2% retiring (92.27%) 1417611942 branch-instructions (92.26%) 5285529 branch-misses # 0.37% of all branches (92.28%) 62922469 bus-cycles (92.29%) 1440708 cache-misses # 8.292 % of all cache refs (92.30%) 17374098 cache-references (76.94%) 8040889520 cpu-cycles (84.63%) 7709992319 instructions # 0.96 insn per cycle (92.32%) 0 mem-loads (92.32%) 1515669558 mem-stores (84.68%) 6542411177 ref-cycles (92.35%) 4154149 baclears.any (92.35%) 20556152 ARITH.DIVIDER_ACTIVE (84.59%) 1.010799593 seconds time elapsed Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Florian Fischer <florian.fischer@muhq.space> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com> Cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@amd.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Riccardo Mancini <rickyman7@gmail.com> Cc: Shunsuke Nakamura <nakamura.shun@fujitsu.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220517052724.283874-2-irogers@google.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-09perf parse-events: Support different format of the topdown event nameKan Liang1-1/+1
[ Upstream commit e7d1374ed5cb346efd9b3df03814dbc0767adb4e ] The evsel->name may have a different format for a topdown event, a pure topdown name (e.g., topdown-fe-bound), or a PMU name + a topdown name (e.g., cpu/topdown-fe-bound/). The cpu/topdown-fe-bound/ kind format isn't supported by the arch_evlist__leader(). This format is a very common format for a hybrid platform, which requires specifying the PMU name for each event. Without the patch, $ perf stat -e '{instructions,slots,cpu/topdown-fe-bound/}' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': <not counted> instructions <not counted> slots <not supported> cpu/topdown-fe-bound/ 1.003482041 seconds time elapsed Some events weren't counted. Try disabling the NMI watchdog: echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog perf stat ... echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog The events in group usually have to be from the same PMU. Try reorganizing the group. With the patch, $ perf stat -e '{instructions,slots,cpu/topdown-fe-bound/}' -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': 157,383,996 slots 25,011,711 instructions 27,441,686 cpu/topdown-fe-bound/ 1.003530890 seconds time elapsed Fixes: bc355822f0d9623b ("perf parse-events: Move slots only with topdown") Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220518143900.1493980-4-kan.liang@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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