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2015-02-13Merge branch 'for-3.20/bdi' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds59-283/+93
Pull backing device changes from Jens Axboe: "This contains a cleanup of how the backing device is handled, in preparation for a rework of the life time rules. In this part, the most important change is to split the unrelated nommu mmap flags from it, but also removing a backing_dev_info pointer from the address_space (and inode), and a cleanup of other various minor bits. Christoph did all the work here, I just fixed an oops with pages that have a swap backing. Arnd fixed a missing export, and Oleg killed the lustre backing_dev_info from staging. Last patch was from Al, unexporting parts that are now no longer needed outside" * 'for-3.20/bdi' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: Make super_blocks and sb_lock static mtd: export new mtd_mmap_capabilities fs: make inode_to_bdi() handle NULL inode staging/lustre/llite: get rid of backing_dev_info fs: remove default_backing_dev_info fs: don't reassign dirty inodes to default_backing_dev_info nfs: don't call bdi_unregister ceph: remove call to bdi_unregister fs: remove mapping->backing_dev_info fs: export inode_to_bdi and use it in favor of mapping->backing_dev_info nilfs2: set up s_bdi like the generic mount_bdev code block_dev: get bdev inode bdi directly from the block device block_dev: only write bdev inode on close fs: introduce f_op->mmap_capabilities for nommu mmap support fs: kill BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED fs: deduplicate noop_backing_dev_info
2015-02-12Merge tag 'jfs-3.20' of git://github.com/kleikamp/linux-shaggyLinus Torvalds5-91/+45
Pull jfs updates from David Kleikamp: "A couple cleanups for jfs" * tag 'jfs-3.20' of git://github.com/kleikamp/linux-shaggy: jfs: Deletion of an unnecessary check before the function call "unload_nls" jfs: get rid of homegrown endianness helpers
2015-02-12Merge branch 'for-3.20' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linuxLinus Torvalds25-84/+2251
Pull nfsd updates from Bruce Fields: "The main change is the pNFS block server support from Christoph, which allows an NFS client connected to shared disk to do block IO to the shared disk in place of NFS reads and writes. This also requires xfs patches, which should arrive soon through the xfs tree, barring unexpected problems. Support for other filesystems is also possible if there's interest. Thanks also to Chuck Lever for continuing work to get NFS/RDMA into shape" * 'for-3.20' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (32 commits) nfsd: default NFSv4.2 to on nfsd: pNFS block layout driver exportfs: add methods for block layout exports nfsd: add trace events nfsd: update documentation for pNFS support nfsd: implement pNFS layout recalls nfsd: implement pNFS operations nfsd: make find_any_file available outside nfs4state.c nfsd: make find/get/put file available outside nfs4state.c nfsd: make lookup/alloc/unhash_stid available outside nfs4state.c nfsd: add fh_fsid_match helper nfsd: move nfsd_fh_match to nfsfh.h fs: add FL_LAYOUT lease type fs: track fl_owner for leases nfs: add LAYOUT_TYPE_MAX enum value nfsd: factor out a helper to decode nfstime4 values sunrpc/lockd: fix references to the BKL nfsd: fix year-2038 nfs4 state problem svcrdma: Handle additional inline content svcrdma: Move read list XDR round-up logic ...
2015-02-12Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds3-112/+124
Merge second set of updates from Andrew Morton: "More of MM" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (83 commits) mm/nommu.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory() mm/mmap.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory() vmstat: Reduce time interval to stat update on idle cpu mm/page_owner.c: remove unnecessary stack_trace field Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt: describe /proc/<pid>/map_files mm: incorporate read-only pages into transparent huge pages vmstat: do not use deferrable delayed work for vmstat_update mm: more aggressive page stealing for UNMOVABLE allocations mm: always steal split buddies in fallback allocations mm: when stealing freepages, also take pages created by splitting buddy page mincore: apply page table walker on do_mincore() mm: /proc/pid/clear_refs: avoid split_huge_page() mm: pagewalk: fix misbehavior of walk_page_range for vma(VM_PFNMAP) mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range() arch/powerpc/mm/subpage-prot.c: use walk->vma and walk_page_vma() memcg: cleanup preparation for page table walk numa_maps: remove numa_maps->vma numa_maps: fix typo in gather_hugetbl_stats pagemap: use walk->vma instead of calling find_vma() clear_refs: remove clear_refs_private->vma and introduce clear_refs_test_walk() ...
2015-02-12Merge tag 'please-pull-pstore' of ↵Linus Torvalds7-25/+191
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux Pull pstore update from Tony Luck: "Miscellaneous fs/pstore fixes" * tag 'please-pull-pstore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux: pstore: Fix sprintf format specifier in pstore_dump() pstore: Add pmsg - user-space accessible pstore object pstore: Handle zero-sized prz in series pstore: Remove superfluous memory size check pstore: Use scnprintf() in pstore_mkfile()
2015-02-12Merge tag 'nfs-for-3.20-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfsLinus Torvalds38-1187/+4537
Pull NFS client updates from Trond Myklebust: "Highlights incluse: Features: - Removing the forced serialisation of open()/close() calls in NFSv4.x (x>0) makes for a significant performance improvement in metadata intensive workloads. - Full support for the pNFS "flexible files" layout type - Further RPC/RDMA client improvements from Chuck Bugfixes: - Stable fix: NFSv4.1 backchannel calls blocking operations with !TASK_RUNNING - Stable fix: pnfs_generic_pg_init_read/write can be called with lseg == NULL - Stable fix: Fix an Oopsable condition when nsm_mon_unmon is called as part of the namespace cleanup, - Stable fix: Ensure we reference the inode for return-on-close in delegreturn - Use SO_REUSEPORT to ensure that NFSv3 TCP connections can rebind to the same source address/port combination during a disconnect/ reconnect event. This is a requirement imposed by most NFSv3 server duplicate reply cache implementations. Optimisations: - Ask for no NFSv4.1 delegations on OPEN if using O_DIRECT Other: - Add Anna Schumaker as co-maintainer for the NFS client" * tag 'nfs-for-3.20-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs: (119 commits) SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove xs_tcp_close() pnfs: delete an unintended goto pnfs/flexfiles: Do not dprintk after the free SUNRPC: Fix stupid typo in xs_sock_set_reuseport SUNRPC: Define xs_tcp_fin_timeout only if CONFIG_SUNRPC_DEBUG SUNRPC: Handle connection reset more efficiently. SUNRPC: Remove the redundant XPRT_CONNECTION_CLOSE flag SUNRPC: Make xs_tcp_close() do a socket shutdown rather than a sock_release SUNRPC: Ensure xs_tcp_shutdown() requests a full close of the connection SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove remaining uses of XPRT_CONNECTION_ABORT SUNRPC: Remove TCP socket linger code SUNRPC: Remove TCP client connection reset hack SUNRPC: TCP/UDP always close the old socket before reconnecting SUNRPC: Add helpers to prevent socket create from racing SUNRPC: Ensure xs_reset_transport() resets the close connection flags SUNRPC: Do not clear the source port in xs_reset_transport SUNRPC: Handle EADDRINUSE on connect SUNRPC: Set SO_REUSEPORT socket option for TCP connections NFSv4.1: Fix pnfs_put_lseg races NFSv4.1: pnfs_send_layoutreturn should use GFP_NOFS ...
2015-02-12mm: /proc/pid/clear_refs: avoid split_huge_page()Kirill A. Shutemov1-3/+44
Currently pagewalker splits all THP pages on any clear_refs request. It's not necessary. We can handle this on PMD level. One side effect is that soft dirty will potentially see more dirty memory, since we will mark whole THP page dirty at once. Sanity checked with CRIU test suite. More testing is required. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12mm: pagewalk: fix misbehavior of walk_page_range for vma(VM_PFNMAP)Naoya Horiguchi1-0/+3
walk_page_range() silently skips vma having VM_PFNMAP set, which leads to undesirable behaviour at client end (who called walk_page_range). For example for pagemap_read(), when no callbacks are called against VM_PFNMAP vma, pagemap_read() may prepare pagemap data for next virtual address range at wrong index. That could confuse and/or break userspace applications. This patch avoid this misbehavior caused by vma(VM_PFNMAP) like follows: - for pagemap_read() which has its own ->pte_hole(), call the ->pte_hole() over vma(VM_PFNMAP), - for clear_refs and queue_pages which have their own ->tests_walk, just return 1 and skip vma(VM_PFNMAP). This is no problem because these are not interested in hole regions, - for other callers, just skip the vma(VM_PFNMAP) as a default behavior. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Shiraz Hashim <shashim@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12numa_maps: remove numa_maps->vmaNaoya Horiguchi1-16/+13
pagewalk.c can handle vma in itself, so we don't have to pass vma via walk->private. And show_numa_map() walks pages on vma basis, so using walk_page_vma() is preferable. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12numa_maps: fix typo in gather_hugetbl_statsNaoya Horiguchi1-3/+3
Just doing s/gather_hugetbl_stats/gather_hugetlb_stats/g, this makes code grep-friendly. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12pagemap: use walk->vma instead of calling find_vma()Naoya Horiguchi1-54/+14
Page table walker has the information of the current vma in mm_walk, so we don't have to call find_vma() in each pagemap_(pte|hugetlb)_range() call any longer. Currently pagemap_pte_range() does vma loop itself, so this patch reduces many lines of code. NULL-vma check is omitted because we assume that we never run these callbacks on any address outside vma. And even if it were broken, NULL pointer dereference would be detected, so we can get enough information for debugging. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12clear_refs: remove clear_refs_private->vma and introduce clear_refs_test_walk()Naoya Horiguchi1-24/+22
clear_refs_write() has some prechecks to determine if we really walk over a given vma. Now we have a test_walk() callback to filter vmas, so let's utilize it. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12smaps: remove mem_size_stats->vma and use walk_page_vma()Naoya Horiguchi1-8/+4
pagewalk.c can handle vma in itself, so we don't have to pass vma via walk->private. And show_smap() walks pages on vma basis, so using walk_page_vma() is preferable. Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12proc/pagemap: walk page tables under pte lockKonstantin Khlebnikov1-5/+9
Lockless access to pte in pagemap_pte_range() might race with page migration and trigger BUG_ON(!PageLocked()) in migration_entry_to_page(): CPU A (pagemap) CPU B (migration) lock_page() try_to_unmap(page, TTU_MIGRATION...) make_migration_entry() set_pte_at() <read *pte> pte_to_pagemap_entry() remove_migration_ptes() unlock_page() if(is_migration_entry()) migration_entry_to_page() BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page)) Also lockless read might be non-atomic if pte is larger than wordsize. Other pte walkers (smaps, numa_maps, clear_refs) already lock ptes. Fixes: 052fb0d635df ("proc: report file/anon bit in /proc/pid/pagemap") Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> Reported-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.5+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12page_writeback: put account_page_redirty() after set_page_dirty()Konstantin Khebnikov1-1/+1
Helper account_page_redirty() fixes dirty pages counter for redirtied pages. This patch puts it after dirtying and prevents temporary underflows of dirtied pages counters on zone/bdi and current->nr_dirtied. Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12mm: account pmd page tables to the processKirill A. Shutemov1-3/+6
Dave noticed that unprivileged process can allocate significant amount of memory -- >500 MiB on x86_64 -- and stay unnoticed by oom-killer and memory cgroup. The trick is to allocate a lot of PMD page tables. Linux kernel doesn't account PMD tables to the process, only PTE. The use-cases below use few tricks to allocate a lot of PMD page tables while keeping VmRSS and VmPTE low. oom_score for the process will be 0. #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/prctl.h> #define PUD_SIZE (1UL << 30) #define PMD_SIZE (1UL << 21) #define NR_PUD 130000 int main(void) { char *addr = NULL; unsigned long i; prctl(PR_SET_THP_DISABLE); for (i = 0; i < NR_PUD ; i++) { addr = mmap(addr + PUD_SIZE, PUD_SIZE, PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); if (addr == MAP_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); break; } *addr = 'x'; munmap(addr, PMD_SIZE); mmap(addr, PMD_SIZE, PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, -1, 0); if (addr == MAP_FAILED) perror("re-mmap"), exit(1); } printf("PID %d consumed %lu KiB in PMD page tables\n", getpid(), i * 4096 >> 10); return pause(); } The patch addresses the issue by account PMD tables to the process the same way we account PTE. The main place where PMD tables is accounted is __pmd_alloc() and free_pmd_range(). But there're few corner cases: - HugeTLB can share PMD page tables. The patch handles by accounting the table to all processes who share it. - x86 PAE pre-allocates few PMD tables on fork. - Architectures with FIRST_USER_ADDRESS > 0. We need to adjust sanity check on exit(2). Accounting only happens on configuration where PMD page table's level is present (PMD is not folded). As with nr_ptes we use per-mm counter. The counter value is used to calculate baseline for badness score by oom-killer. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-12mm:add KPF_ZERO_PAGE flag for /proc/kpageflagsWang, Yalin1-3/+13
Add KPF_ZERO_PAGE flag for zero_page, so that userspace processes can detect zero_page in /proc/kpageflags, and then do memory analysis more accurately. Signed-off-by: Yalin Wang <yalin.wang@sonymobile.com> Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-nextLinus Torvalds2-13/+8
Pull networking updates from David Miller: 1) More iov_iter conversion work from Al Viro. [ The "crypto: switch af_alg_make_sg() to iov_iter" commit was wrong, and this pull actually adds an extra commit on top of the branch I'm pulling to fix that up, so that the pre-merge state is ok. - Linus ] 2) Various optimizations to the ipv4 forwarding information base trie lookup implementation. From Alexander Duyck. 3) Remove sock_iocb altogether, from CHristoph Hellwig. 4) Allow congestion control algorithm selection via routing metrics. From Daniel Borkmann. 5) Make ipv4 uncached route list per-cpu, from Eric Dumazet. 6) Handle rfs hash collisions more gracefully, also from Eric Dumazet. 7) Add xmit_more support to r8169, e1000, and e1000e drivers. From Florian Westphal. 8) Transparent Ethernet Bridging support for GRO, from Jesse Gross. 9) Add BPF packet actions to packet scheduler, from Jiri Pirko. 10) Add support for uniqu flow IDs to openvswitch, from Joe Stringer. 11) New NetCP ethernet driver, from Muralidharan Karicheri and Wingman Kwok. 12) More sanely handle out-of-window dupacks, which can result in serious ACK storms. From Neal Cardwell. 13) Various rhashtable bug fixes and enhancements, from Herbert Xu, Patrick McHardy, and Thomas Graf. 14) Support xmit_more in be2net, from Sathya Perla. 15) Group Policy extensions for vxlan, from Thomas Graf. 16) Remove Checksum Offload support for vxlan, from Tom Herbert. 17) Like ipv4, support lockless transmit over ipv6 UDP sockets. From Vlad Yasevich. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1494+1 commits) crypto: fix af_alg_make_sg() conversion to iov_iter ipv4: Namespecify TCP PMTU mechanism i40e: Fix for stats init function call in Rx setup tcp: don't include Fast Open option in SYN-ACK on pure SYN-data openvswitch: Only set TUNNEL_VXLAN_OPT if VXLAN-GBP metadata is set ipv6: Make __ipv6_select_ident static ipv6: Fix fragment id assignment on LE arches. bridge: Fix inability to add non-vlan fdb entry net: Mellanox: Delete unnecessary checks before the function call "vunmap" cxgb4: Add support in cxgb4 to get expansion rom version via ethtool ethtool: rename reserved1 memeber in ethtool_drvinfo for expansion ROM version net: dsa: Remove redundant phy_attach() IB/mlx4: Reset flow support for IB kernel ULPs IB/mlx4: Always use the correct port for mirrored multicast attachments net/bonding: Fix potential bad memory access during bonding events tipc: remove tipc_snprintf tipc: nl compat add noop and remove legacy nl framework tipc: convert legacy nl stats show to nl compat tipc: convert legacy nl net id get to nl compat tipc: convert legacy nl net id set to nl compat ...
2015-02-11Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds37-115/+92
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton: "Bite-sized chunks this time, to avoid the MTA ratelimiting woes. - fs/notify updates - ocfs2 - some of MM" That laconic "some MM" is mainly the removal of remap_file_pages(), which is a big simplification of the VM, and which gets rid of a *lot* of random cruft and special cases because we no longer support the non-linear mappings that it used. From a user interface perspective, nothing has changed, because the remap_file_pages() syscall still exists, it's just done by emulating the old behavior by creating a lot of individual small mappings instead of one non-linear one. The emulation is slower than the old "native" non-linear mappings, but nobody really uses or cares about remap_file_pages(), and simplifying the VM is a big advantage. * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (78 commits) memcg: zap memcg_slab_caches and memcg_slab_mutex memcg: zap memcg_name argument of memcg_create_kmem_cache memcg: zap __memcg_{charge,uncharge}_slab mm/page_alloc.c: place zone_id check before VM_BUG_ON_PAGE check mm: hugetlb: fix type of hugetlb_treat_as_movable variable mm, hugetlb: remove unnecessary lower bound on sysctl handlers"? mm: memory: merge shared-writable dirtying branches in do_wp_page() mm: memory: remove ->vm_file check on shared writable vmas xtensa: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers x86: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers unicore32: drop pte_file()-related helpers um: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers tile: drop pte_file()-related helpers sparc: drop pte_file()-related helpers sh: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers score: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers s390: drop pte_file()-related helpers parisc: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers openrisc: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers nios2: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers ...
2015-02-11Merge tag 'gfs2-merge-window' of ↵Linus Torvalds6-17/+8
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-nmw Pull gfs2 updates from Steven Whitehouse: "This time we have mostly clean ups. There is a bug fix for a NULL dereference relating to ACLs, and another which improves (but does not fix entirely) an allocation fall-back code path. The other three patches are small clean ups" * tag 'gfs2-merge-window' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-nmw: GFS2: Fix crash during ACL deletion in acl max entry check in gfs2_set_acl() GFS2: use __vmalloc GFP_NOFS for fs-related allocations. GFS2: Eliminate a nonsense goto GFS2: fix sprintf format specifier GFS2: Eliminate __gfs2_glock_remove_from_lru
2015-02-11Merge tag 'xfs-for-linus-3.20-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds38-880/+807
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs Pull xfs update from Dave Chinner: "This update contains: - RENAME_EXCHANGE support - Rework of the superblock logging infrastructure - Rework of the XFS_IOCTL_SETXATTR implementation * enables use inside user namespaces * fixes inconsistencies setting extent size hints - fixes for missing buffer type annotations used in log recovery - more consolidation of libxfs headers - preparation patches for block based PNFS support - miscellaneous bug fixes and cleanups" * tag 'xfs-for-linus-3.20-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs: (37 commits) xfs: only trace buffer items if they exist xfs: report proper f_files in statfs if we overshoot imaxpct xfs: fix panic_mask documentation xfs: xfs_ioctl_setattr_check_projid can be static xfs: growfs should use synchronous transactions xfs: fix behaviour of XFS_IOC_FSSETXATTR on directories xfs: factor projid hint checking out of xfs_ioctl_setattr xfs: factor extsize hint checking out of xfs_ioctl_setattr xfs: XFS_IOCTL_SETXATTR can run in user namespaces xfs: kill xfs_ioctl_setattr behaviour mask xfs: disaggregate xfs_ioctl_setattr xfs: factor out xfs_ioctl_setattr transaciton preamble xfs: separate xflags from xfs_ioctl_setattr xfs: FSX_NONBLOCK is not used xfs: don't allocate an ioend for direct I/O completions xfs: change kmem_free to use generic kvfree() xfs: factor out a xfs_update_prealloc_flags() helper xfs: remove incorrect error negation in attr_multi ioctl xfs: set superblock buffer type correctly xfs: set buf types when converting extent formats ...
2015-02-11Merge branch 'for_linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds15-212/+256
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs Pull quota interface unification and misc cleanups from Jan Kara: "The first part of the series unifying XFS and VFS quota interfaces. This part unifies turning quotas on and off so quota-tools and xfs_quota can be used to manage any filesystem. This is useful so that userspace doesn't have to distinguish which filesystem it is working with. As a result we can then easily reuse tests for project quotas in XFS for ext4. This also contains minor cleanups and fixes for udf, isofs, and ext3" * 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs: (23 commits) udf: remove bool assignment to 0/1 udf: use bool for done quota: Store maximum space limit in bytes quota: Remove quota_on_meta callback ocfs2: Use generic helpers for quotaon and quotaoff ext4: Use generic helpers for quotaon and quotaoff quota: Add ->quota_{enable,disable} callbacks for VFS quotas quota: Wire up ->quota_{enable,disable} callbacks into Q_QUOTA{ON,OFF} quota: Split ->set_xstate callback into two xfs: Remove some pointless quota checks xfs: Remove some useless flags tests xfs: Remove useless test quota: Verify flags passed to Q_SETINFO quota: Cleanup flags definitions ocfs2: Move OLQF_CLEAN flag out of generic quota flags quota: Don't store flags for v2 quota format jbd: drop jbd_ENOSYS debug udf: destroy sbi mutex in put_super udf: Check length of extended attributes and allocation descriptors udf: Remove repeated loads blocksize ...
2015-02-11Merge tag 'locks-v3.20-1' of git://git.samba.org/jlayton/linuxLinus Torvalds12-389/+474
Pull file locking related changes #1 from Jeff Layton: "This patchset contains a fairly major overhaul of how file locks are tracked within the inode. Rather than a single list, we now create a per-inode "lock context" that contains individual lists for the file locks, and a new dedicated spinlock for them. There are changes in other trees that are based on top of this set so it may be easiest to pull this in early" * tag 'locks-v3.20-1' of git://git.samba.org/jlayton/linux: locks: update comments that refer to inode->i_flock locks: consolidate NULL i_flctx checks in locks_remove_file locks: keep a count of locks on the flctx lists locks: clean up the lm_change prototype locks: add a dedicated spinlock to protect i_flctx lists locks: remove i_flock field from struct inode locks: convert lease handling to file_lock_context locks: convert posix locks to file_lock_context locks: move flock locks to file_lock_context ceph: move spinlocking into ceph_encode_locks_to_buffer and ceph_count_locks locks: add a new struct file_locking_context pointer to struct inode locks: have locks_release_file use flock_lock_file to release generic flock locks locks: add new struct list_head to struct file_lock
2015-02-11rmap: drop support of non-linear mappingsKirill A. Shutemov1-1/+0
We don't create non-linear mappings anymore. Let's drop code which handles them in rmap. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11proc: drop handling non-linear mappingsKirill A. Shutemov1-16/+0
We have to handle non-linear mappings for /proc/PID/{smaps,clear_refs} which is unused now. Let's drop it. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11mm: drop vm_ops->remap_pages and generic_file_remap_pages() stubKirill A. Shutemov13-14/+0
Nobody uses it anymore. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix filemap_xip.c] Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11fsioctl.c: make generic_block_fiemap() signal-tolerantDmitry Monakhov1-0/+5
__generic_block_fiemap may spin very long time for large sparse files. Without this patch an unprivileged user may abuse system resources simply by spawning a vast number of unkilable busyloops (works on ext2/ext3): truncate --size 1T test for ((i=0;i<1024;i++)) do filefrag test > /dev/null & done Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11o2dlm: fix NULL pointer dereference in o2dlm_blocking_ast_wrapperSrinivas Eeda1-1/+5
A tiny race between BAST and unlock message causes the NULL dereference. A node sends an unlock request to master and receives a response. Before processing the response it receives a BAST from the master. Since both requests are processed by different threads it creates a race. While the BAST is being processed, lock can get freed by unlock code. This patch makes bast to return immediately if lock is found but unlock is pending. The code should handle this race. We also have to fix master node to skip sending BAST after receiving unlock message. Below is the crash stack BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000048 IP: o2dlm_blocking_ast_wrapper+0xd/0x16 dlm_do_local_bast+0x8e/0x97 [ocfs2_dlm] dlm_proxy_ast_handler+0x838/0x87e [ocfs2_dlm] o2net_process_message+0x395/0x5b8 [ocfs2_nodemanager] o2net_rx_until_empty+0x762/0x90d [ocfs2_nodemanager] worker_thread+0x14d/0x1ed [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Srinivas Eeda <srinivas.eeda@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: prune the dcache before deleting the dentry of directoryalex chen1-0/+3
In ocfs2_dentry_convert_worker, we should prune the dcache before deleting the dentry of directory, otherwise, in the following cases the inode of directory will still remain in orphan directory until the device being umounted. Mount point: /mnt/ocfs2 Node A Node B mkdir /mnt/ocfs2/testdir ocfs2_mkdir ->ocfs2_mknod ->ocfs2_dentry_attach_lock ->ocfs2_dentry_lock(dentry, 0) ... ... touch /mnt/ocfs2/testdir/testfile unlink /mnt/test/testdir/testfile rmdir /mnt/ocfs2/testdir ocfs2_unlink ->ocfs2_remote_dentry_delete ->ocfs2_dentry_lock(dentry, 1) ... ... ... ... ocfs2_downconvert_thread ->ocfs2_unblock_lock ->ocfs2_dentry_convert_worker ->ocfs2_find_local_alias ->dget_dlock ->d_delete Here the dentry can not be released because the children's dentry is negative but still exist. Finally, this inode will still remain in orphan directory until its children are destroyed. So before deleting dentry of directory, we should prune the dcache to remove unused children of the parent dentry by shrink_dcache_parent(). Signed-off-by: Alex Chen <alex.chen@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: joyce.xue <xuejiufei@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: make resv_lock spinlock staticFabian Frederick1-1/+1
resv_lock is only used in reservations.c Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: remove unreachable code in __ocfs2_recovery_thread()Daeseok Youn1-1/+0
Signed-off-by: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: removes mlog_errno() call twice in ocfs2_find_dir_space_el()Daeseok Youn1-6/+3
mlog_errno() is called twice when some functions are failed. Signed-off-by: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: remove unreachable codeDaeseok Youn1-1/+0
Signed-off-by: Daeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: o2net: silence uninitialized variable warningDan Carpenter1-1/+2
Smatch complains that, if o2net_tx_can_proceed() returns false, then "sc" and "ret" are uninialized or maybe we are re-using the data from previous iteration. I do not know if we can hit this bug in real life but checking the return value is harmless and we may as well silence the static checker warning. Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: remove pointless assignment from ocfs2_calc_refcount_meta_credits()Jan Kara1-2/+0
The assigned value is never used. Coverity-id 1226847. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: add a mount option journal_async_commit on ocfs2 filesystemalex chen2-0/+19
Add a mount option to support JBD2 feature: JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ASYNC_COMMIT. When this feature is opened, journal commit block can be written to disk without waiting for descriptor blocks, which can improve journal commit performance. This option will enable 'journal_checksum' internally. Using the fs_mark benchmark, using journal_async_commit shows a 50% improvement, the files per second go up from 215.2 to 317.5. test script: fs_mark -d /mnt/ocfs2/ -s 10240 -n 1000 default: FSUse% Count Size Files/sec App Overhead 0 1000 10240 215.2 17878 with journal_async_commit option: FSUse% Count Size Files/sec App Overhead 0 1000 10240 317.5 17881 Signed-off-by: Alex Chen <alex.chen@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Weiwei Wang <wangww631@huawei.comm> Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: fix journal commit deadlock in ocfs2_convert_inline_data_to_extentsalex chen1-9/+9
Similar to ocfs2_write_end_nolock() which is metioned at commit 136f49b91710 ("ocfs2: fix journal commit deadlock"), we should unlock pages before ocfs2_commit_trans() in ocfs2_convert_inline_data_to_extents. Otherwise, it will cause a deadlock with journal commit threads. Signed-off-by: Alex Chen <alex.chen@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: dlm: dlmdomain: remove unused functionRickard Strandqvist2-15/+0
Remove dlm_joined() that is not used anywhere. This was partially found by using a static code analysis program called cppcheck. Signed-off-by: Rickard Strandqvist <rickard_strandqvist@spectrumdigital.se> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: quota_local: remove unused functionRickard Strandqvist1-6/+0
Remove ol_dqblk_file_block() that is not used anywhere. This was partially found by using a static code analysis program called cppcheck. Signed-off-by: Rickard Strandqvist <rickard_strandqvist@spectrumdigital.se> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: xattr: remove unused functionRickard Strandqvist1-10/+0
Remove ocfs2_xattr_bucket_get_val() that is not used anywhere. This was partially found by using a static code analysis program called cppcheck. Signed-off-by: Rickard Strandqvist <rickard_strandqvist@spectrumdigital.se> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: fix snprintf format specifier in dlmdebug.calex chen1-2/+2
Use snprintf format specifier "%lu" instead of "%ld" for argument of type 'unsigned long'. Signed-off-by: Alex Chen <alex.chen@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.de> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: fix wrong commentJunxiao Bi1-6/+6
O2NET_CONN_IDLE_DELAY is not defined, connection attempts will not be canceled due to timeout. Signed-off-by: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: fix uninitialized variable accessJunxiao Bi1-1/+1
Variable "why" is not yet initialized at line 615, fix it. Signed-off-by: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2: remove unnecessary else in ocfs2_set_acl()Fabian Frederick1-8/+6
else is unnecessary after return. Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11ocfs2/dlm: add missing dlm_lock_put() when recovery master downXue jiufei1-0/+7
When the recovery master is down, the owner of $RECOVERY calls dlm_do_local_recovery_cleanup() to prune any $RECOVERY entries for dead nodes. The lock is in the granted list and the refcount must be 2. We should put twice to remove this lock. Otherwise, it will lead to a memory leak. Signed-off-by: joyce.xue <xuejiufei@huawei.com> Reported-by: yangwenfang <vicky.yangwenfang@huawei.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11fanotify: don't set FAN_ONDIR implicitly on a marks ignored maskLino Sanfilippo2-9/+18
Currently FAN_ONDIR is always set on a mark's ignored mask when the event mask is extended without FAN_MARK_ONDIR being set. This may result in events for directories being ignored unexpectedly for call sequences like fanotify_mark(fd, FAN_MARK_ADD, FAN_OPEN | FAN_ONDIR , AT_FDCWD, "dir"); fanotify_mark(fd, FAN_MARK_ADD, FAN_CLOSE, AT_FDCWD, "dir"); Also FAN_MARK_ONDIR is only honored when adding events to a mark's mask, but not for event removal. Fix both issues by not setting FAN_ONDIR implicitly on the ignore mask any more. Instead treat FAN_ONDIR as any other event flag and require FAN_MARK_ONDIR to be set by the user for both event mask and ignore mask. Furthermore take FAN_MARK_ONDIR into account when set for event removal. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11fanotify: don't recalculate a marks mask if only the ignored mask changedLino Sanfilippo1-3/+4
If removing bits from a mark's ignored mask, the concerning inodes/vfsmounts mask is not affected. So don't recalculate it. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11fanotify: only destroy mark when both mask and ignored_mask are clearedLino Sanfilippo1-2/+1
In fanotify_mark_remove_from_mask() a mark is destroyed if only one of both bitmasks (mask or ignored_mask) of a mark is cleared. However the other mask may still be set and contain information that should not be lost. So only destroy a mark if both masks are cleared. Signed-off-by: Lino Sanfilippo <LinoSanfilippo@gmx.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-10pnfs: delete an unintended gotoDan Carpenter1-1/+0
There was an extra goto here where it shouldn't be, because of a merge error. Fixes: e2c63e091e29 ('Merge branch 'flexfiles'') Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
2015-02-10GFS2: Fix crash during ACL deletion in acl max entry check in gfs2_set_acl()Andrew Elble1-1/+1
Fixes: e01580bf9e ("gfs2: use generic posix ACL infrastructure") Reported-by: Eric Meddaugh <etmsys@rit.edu> Tested-by: Eric Meddaugh <etmsys@rit.edu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Elble <aweits@rit.edu> Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>