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2016-10-11Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds3-8/+12
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro: ">rename2() work from Miklos + current_time() from Deepa" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: fs: Replace current_fs_time() with current_time() fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME_SEC with current_time() for inode timestamps fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME with current_time() for inode timestamps fs: proc: Delete inode time initializations in proc_alloc_inode() vfs: Add current_time() api vfs: add note about i_op->rename changes to porting fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename" vfs: remove unused i_op->rename fs: make remaining filesystems use .rename2 libfs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE in simple_rename() fs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE for local filesystems ncpfs: fix unused variable warning
2016-10-11Merge remote-tracking branch 'ovl/rename2' into for-linusAl Viro1-1/+5
2016-10-11Merge branch 'work.xattr' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-7/+3
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs xattr updates from Al Viro: "xattr stuff from Andreas This completes the switch to xattr_handler ->get()/->set() from ->getxattr/->setxattr/->removexattr" * 'work.xattr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations xattr: Stop calling {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations vfs: Check for the IOP_XATTR flag in listxattr xattr: Add __vfs_{get,set,remove}xattr helpers libfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for empty directory handling vfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for bad-inode handling vfs: Add IOP_XATTR inode operations flag vfs: Move xattr_resolve_name to the front of fs/xattr.c ecryptfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers sockfs: Get rid of getxattr iop sockfs: getxattr: Fail with -EOPNOTSUPP for invalid attribute names kernfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers hfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers jffs2: Remove jffs2_{get,set,remove}xattr macros xattr: Remove unnecessary NULL attribute name check
2016-10-10Merge branch 'work.misc' of ↵Linus Torvalds6-45/+40
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted misc bits and pieces. There are several single-topic branches left after this (rename2 series from Miklos, current_time series from Deepa Dinamani, xattr series from Andreas, uaccess stuff from from me) and I'd prefer to send those separately" * 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (39 commits) proc: switch auxv to use of __mem_open() hpfs: support FIEMAP cifs: get rid of unused arguments of CIFSSMBWrite() posix_acl: uapi header split posix_acl: xattr representation cleanups fs/aio.c: eliminate redundant loads in put_aio_ring_file fs/internal.h: add const to ns_dentry_operations declaration compat: remove compat_printk() fs/buffer.c: make __getblk_slow() static proc: unsigned file descriptors fs/file: more unsigned file descriptors fs: compat: remove redundant check of nr_segs cachefiles: Fix attempt to read i_blocks after deleting file [ver #2] cifs: don't use memcpy() to copy struct iov_iter get rid of separate multipage fault-in primitives fs: Avoid premature clearing of capabilities fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inode fuse: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok() ceph: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok() xfs: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok() ...
2016-10-08Merge remote-tracking branch 'jk/vfs' into work.miscAl Viro2-11/+6
2016-10-08vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operationsAndreas Gruenbacher3-7/+0
These inode operations are no longer used; remove them. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-10-08xattr: Stop calling {get,set,remove}xattr inode operationsAndreas Gruenbacher1-0/+3
All filesystems that support xattrs by now do so via xattr handlers. They all define sb->s_xattr, and their getxattr, setxattr, and removexattr inode operations use the generic inode operations. On filesystems that don't support xattrs, the xattr inode operations are all NULL, and sb->s_xattr is also NULL. This means that we can remove the getxattr, setxattr, and removexattr inode operations and directly call the generic handlers, or better, inline expand those handlers into fs/xattr.c. Filesystems that do not support xattrs on some inodes should clear the IOP_XATTR i_opflags flag in those inodes. (Right now, some filesystems have checks to disable xattrs on some inodes in the ->list, ->get, and ->set xattr handler operations instead.) The IOP_XATTR flag is automatically cleared in inodes of filesystems that don't have xattr support. In orangefs, symlinks do have a setxattr iop but no getxattr iop. Add a check for symlinks to orangefs_inode_getxattr to preserve the current, weird behavior; that check may not be necessary though. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-10-03Revert "orangefs: bump minimum userspace version"Mike Marshall1-2/+2
The features op did make it into OrangeFS 2.9.6 after all. This reverts commit 0c95ad76361f1d75a1ffdf82deafbcec44d19c42.
2016-09-28Merge branch 'misc' into for-nextMartin Brandenburg13-1711/+994
Pull in an OrangeFS branch containing miscellaneous improvements. - clean up debugfs globals - remove dead code in sysfs - reorganize duplicated sysfs attribute structs - consolidate sysfs show and store functions - remove duplicated sysfs_ops structures - describe organization of sysfs - make devreq_mutex static - g_orangefs_stats -> orangefs_stats for consistency - rename most remaining global variables
2016-09-28fs: Replace current_fs_time() with current_time()Deepa Dinamani1-5/+5
current_fs_time() uses struct super_block* as an argument. As per Linus's suggestion, this is changed to take struct inode* as a parameter instead. This is because the function is primarily meant for vfs inode timestamps. Also the function was renamed as per Arnd's suggestion. Change all calls to current_fs_time() to use the new current_time() function instead. current_fs_time() will be deleted. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-09-28fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME with current_time() for inode timestampsDeepa Dinamani2-2/+2
CURRENT_TIME macro is not appropriate for filesystems as it doesn't use the right granularity for filesystem timestamps. Use current_time() instead. CURRENT_TIME is also not y2038 safe. This is also in preparation for the patch that transitions vfs timestamps to use 64 bit time and hence make them y2038 safe. As part of the effort current_time() will be extended to do range checks. Hence, it is necessary for all file system timestamps to use current_time(). Also, current_time() will be transitioned along with vfs to be y2038 safe. Note that whenever a single call to current_time() is used to change timestamps in different inodes, it is because they share the same time granularity. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org> Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Acked-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Acked-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-09-27fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename"Miklos Szeredi1-1/+1
Generated patch: sed -i "s/\.rename2\t/\.rename\t\t/" `git grep -wl rename2` sed -i "s/\brename2\b/rename/g" `git grep -wl rename2` Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
2016-09-27fs: make remaining filesystems use .rename2Miklos Szeredi1-2/+6
This is trivial to do: - add flags argument to foo_rename() - check if flags is zero - assign foo_rename() to .rename2 instead of .rename This doesn't mean it's impossible to support RENAME_NOREPLACE for these filesystems, but it is not trivial, like for local filesystems. RENAME_NOREPLACE must guarantee atomicity (i.e. it shouldn't be possible for a file to be created on one host while it is overwritten by rename on another host). Filesystems converted: 9p, afs, ceph, coda, ecryptfs, kernfs, lustre, ncpfs, nfs, ocfs2, orangefs. After this, we can get rid of the duplicate interfaces for rename. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> [AFS] Acked-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com> Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com> Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com> Cc: Jan Harkes <jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu> Cc: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com> Cc: Oleg Drokin <oleg.drokin@intel.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
2016-09-22fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inodeJan Kara1-1/+1
inode_change_ok() will be resposible for clearing capabilities and IMA extended attributes and as such will need dentry. Give it as an argument to inode_change_ok() instead of an inode. Also rename inode_change_ok() to setattr_prepare() to better relect that it does also some modifications in addition to checks. Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2016-09-22posix_acl: Clear SGID bit when setting file permissionsJan Kara1-10/+5
When file permissions are modified via chmod(2) and the user is not in the owning group or capable of CAP_FSETID, the setgid bit is cleared in inode_change_ok(). Setting a POSIX ACL via setxattr(2) sets the file permissions as well as the new ACL, but doesn't clear the setgid bit in a similar way; this allows to bypass the check in chmod(2). Fix that. References: CVE-2016-7097 Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
2016-09-21orangefs: bump minimum userspace versionMartin Brandenburg1-2/+2
OrangeFS 2.9.6 was released without support for the features op. Thus OrangeFS 2.9.7 will be required to use it. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-16orangefs: rename most remaining global variablesMartin Brandenburg9-46/+47
Only op_timeout_secs, slot_timeout_secs, and hash_table_size are left because they are exposed as module parameters. All other global variables have the orangefs_ prefix. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: g_orangefs_stats -> orangefs_stats for consistencyMartin Brandenburg4-8/+7
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: make devreq_mutex staticMartin Brandenburg3-4/+2
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: describe organization of sysfsMartin Brandenburg1-0/+7
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: remove duplicated sysfs_ops structuresMartin Brandenburg1-58/+15
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: consolidate sysfs show and store functionsMartin Brandenburg1-317/+148
Remove a good bit of obfuscated and duplicated code. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: reorganize duplicated sysfs attribute structsMartin Brandenburg1-391/+81
We had a separate struct type for each type of attribute, but they all did the exact same thing. Consolidate them into one struct orangefs_attribute type. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: remove dead code in sysfsMartin Brandenburg1-280/+81
We had a pageful of structures containing kobjects and variables to store sysfs entries. However only the kobjects were in use. Replace them with kobjects. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-15orangefs: clean up debugfs globalsMartin Brandenburg7-705/+705
Mostly this is moving code into orangefs-debugfs.c so that globals turn into static globals. Then gossip_debug_mask is renamed orangefs_gossip_debug_mask but keeps global visibility, so it can be used from a macro. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-12orangefs: do not allow client readahead cache without feature bitMartin Brandenburg2-5/+27
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-12orangefs: add features opMartin Brandenburg7-6/+53
This is a new userspace operation, which will be done if the client-core version is greater than or equal to 2.9.6. This will provide a way to implement optional features and to determine which features are supported by the client-core. If the client-core version is older than 2.9.6, no optional features are supported and the op will not be done. The intent is to allow protocol extensions without relying on the client-core's current behavior of ignoring what it doesn't understand. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-09orangefs: record userspace version for feature compatbilityMartin Brandenburg2-0/+12
The client reports its version to the kernel on startup. We already test that it is above the minimum version. Now we record it in a global variable so code elsewhere can consult it before making a request the client may not understand. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: add readahead count and size to sysfsMartin Brandenburg1-8/+115
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: re-add flush_racache from out-of-treeMartin Brandenburg1-1/+33
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: turn param response value into unionMartin Brandenburg3-7/+11
This will support a upcoming request where two related values need to be updated atomically. This was done without a union in the OrangeFS server source already. Since that will break the kernel protocol, it has been fixed there and done here in a way that does not break the kernel protocol. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: add missing param request opsMartin Brandenburg1-0/+3
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: rename remaining bits of mmap readahead cacheMartin Brandenburg5-7/+7
This has been dormant code for many years. Parts of it were removed from the OrangeFS kernel code when it went into mainline. These bits were missed. Now the readahead cache has been resurrected in the OrangeFS userspace portions. It was renamed there, since it doesn't really have anything to do with mmap specifically, so it will be renamed here. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-08orangefs: use %pd/%pDAl Viro5-34/+34
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-08-02orangefs: Account for jiffies wraparound.Martin Brandenburg3-8/+8
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-02orangefs: Change default dcache and getattr timeout to 50 msec.Martin Brandenburg1-2/+2
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-02orangefs: Allow dcache and getattr cache time to be configured.Martin Brandenburg6-7/+52
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-02orangefs: Cache getattr results.Martin Brandenburg5-29/+34
The userspace component attempts to do this, but this will prevent us from even needing to go into userspace to satisfy certain getattr requests. Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-08-02orangefs: Use d_time to avoid excessive lookupsMartin Brandenburg2-0/+9
Signed-off-by: Martin Brandenburg <martin@omnibond.com>
2016-07-28Merge branch 'work.misc' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-12/+8
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted cleanups and fixes. Probably the most interesting part long-term is ->d_init() - that will have a bunch of followups in (at least) ceph and lustre, but we'll need to sort the barrier-related rules before it can get used for really non-trivial stuff. Another fun thing is the merge of ->d_iput() callers (dentry_iput() and dentry_unlink_inode()) and a bunch of ->d_compare() ones (all except the one in __d_lookup_lru())" * 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (26 commits) fs/dcache.c: avoid soft-lockup in dput() vfs: new d_init method vfs: Update lookup_dcache() comment bdev: get rid of ->bd_inodes Remove last traces of ->sync_page new helper: d_same_name() dentry_cmp(): use lockless_dereference() instead of smp_read_barrier_depends() vfs: clean up documentation vfs: document ->d_real() vfs: merge .d_select_inode() into .d_real() unify dentry_iput() and dentry_unlink_inode() binfmt_misc: ->s_root is not going anywhere drop redundant ->owner initializations ufs: get rid of redundant checks orangefs: constify inode_operations missed comment updates from ->direct_IO() prototype change file_inode(f)->i_mapping is f->f_mapping trim fsnotify hooks a bit 9p: new helper - v9fs_parent_fid() debugfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative ...
2016-07-27Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds1-1/+1
Merge updates from Andrew Morton: - a few misc bits - ocfs2 - most(?) of MM * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (125 commits) thp: fix comments of __pmd_trans_huge_lock() cgroup: remove unnecessary 0 check from css_from_id() cgroup: fix idr leak for the first cgroup root mm: memcontrol: fix documentation for compound parameter mm: memcontrol: remove BUG_ON in uncharge_list mm: fix build warnings in <linux/compaction.h> mm, thp: convert from optimistic swapin collapsing to conservative mm, thp: fix comment inconsistency for swapin readahead functions thp: update Documentation/{vm/transhuge,filesystems/proc}.txt shmem: split huge pages beyond i_size under memory pressure thp: introduce CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE khugepaged: add support of collapse for tmpfs/shmem pages shmem: make shmem_inode_info::lock irq-safe khugepaged: move up_read(mmap_sem) out of khugepaged_alloc_page() thp: extract khugepaged from mm/huge_memory.c shmem, thp: respect MADV_{NO,}HUGEPAGE for file mappings shmem: add huge pages support shmem: get_unmapped_area align huge page shmem: prepare huge= mount option and sysfs knob mm, rmap: account shmem thp pages ...
2016-07-27mm, memcg: use consistent gfp flags during readaheadMichal Hocko1-1/+1
Vladimir has noticed that we might declare memcg oom even during readahead because read_pages only uses GFP_KERNEL (with mapping_gfp restriction) while __do_page_cache_readahead uses page_cache_alloc_readahead which adds __GFP_NORETRY to prevent from OOMs. This gfp mask discrepancy is really unfortunate and easily fixable. Drop page_cache_alloc_readahead() which only has one user and outsource the gfp_mask logic into readahead_gfp_mask and propagate this mask from __do_page_cache_readahead down to read_pages. This alone would have only very limited impact as most filesystems are implementing ->readpages and the common implementation mpage_readpages does GFP_KERNEL (with mapping_gfp restriction) again. We can tell it to use readahead_gfp_mask instead as this function is called only during readahead as well. The same applies to read_cache_pages. ext4 has its own ext4_mpage_readpages but the path which has pages != NULL can use the same gfp mask. Btrfs, cifs, f2fs and orangefs are doing a very similar pattern to mpage_readpages so the same can be applied to them as well. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [mhocko@suse.com: restrict gfp mask in mpage_alloc] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160610074223.GC32285@dhcp22.suse.cz Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1465301556-26431-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com> Cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com> Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: Changman Lee <cm224.lee@samsung.com> Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-05orangefs: fix namespace handlingJann Horn5-8/+15
In orangefs_inode_getxattr(), an fsuid is written to dmesg. The kuid is converted to a userspace uid via from_kuid(current_user_ns(), [...]), but since dmesg is global, init_user_ns should be used here instead. In copy_attributes_from_inode(), op_alloc() and fill_default_sys_attrs(), upcall structures are populated with uids/gids that have been mapped into the caller's namespace. However, those upcall structures are read by another process (the userspace filesystem driver), and that process might be running in another namespace. This effectively lets any user spoof its uid and gid as seen by the userspace filesystem driver. To fix the second issue, I just construct the opcall structures with init_user_ns uids/gids and require the filesystem server to run in the init namespace. Since orangefs is full of global state anyway (as the error message in DUMP_DEVICE_ERROR explains, there can only be one userspace orangefs filesystem driver at once), that shouldn't be a problem. [ Why does orangefs even exist in the kernel if everything does upcalls into userspace? What does orangefs do that couldn't be done with the FUSE interface? If there is no good answer to those questions, I'd prefer to see orangefs kicked out of the kernel. Can that be done for something that shipped in a release? According to commit f7ab093f74bf ("Orangefs: kernel client part 1"), they even already have a FUSE daemon, and the only rational reason (apart from "but most of our users report preferring to use our kernel module instead") given for not wanting to use FUSE is one "in-the-works" feature that could probably be integated into FUSE instead. ] This patch has been compile-tested. Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
2016-07-05Orangefs: allow O_DIRECT in openMike Marshall1-14/+11
Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
2016-07-05orangefs: Remove useless xattr prefix argumentsAndreas Gruenbacher4-66/+30
Mike, On Fri, Jun 3, 2016 at 9:44 PM, Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com> wrote: > We use the return value in this one line you changed, our userspace code gets > ill when we send it (-ENOMEM +1) as a key length... ah, my mistake. Here's a fixed version. Thanks, Andreas Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
2016-07-05orangefs: Remove redundant "trusted." xattr handlerAndreas Gruenbacher1-37/+0
Orangefs has a catch-all xattr handler that effectively does what the trusted handler does already. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
2016-07-05orangefs: Remove useless definesAndreas Gruenbacher4-28/+12
The ORANGEFS_XATTR_INDEX_ defines are unused; the ORANGEFS_XATTR_NAME_ defines only obfuscate the code. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>
2016-05-30orangefs: constify inode_operationsAl Viro4-6/+6
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-05-29orangefs: don't open-code %pd2Al Viro1-6/+2
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-05-27switch xattr_handler->set() to passing dentry and inode separatelyAl Viro1-4/+6
preparation for similar switch in ->setxattr() (see the next commit for rationale). Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>