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Mmiotrace is a tool for trapping memory mapped IO (MMIO) accesses within
the kernel. It is used for debugging and especially for reverse
engineering evil binary drivers.
Mmiotrace works by wrapping the ioremap family of kernel functions and
marking the returned pages as not present. Access to the IO memory
triggers a page fault, which will be handled by mmiotrace's custom page
fault handler. This will single-step the faulted instruction with the
MMIO page marked as present. Access logs are directed to user space via
relay and debug_fs.
This page fault approach is necessary, because binary drivers have
readl/writel etc. calls inlined and therefore extremely difficult to
trap with with e.g. kprobes.
This patch depends on the custom page fault handlers patch.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Now that ftrace is being ported to other architectures, it has become
apparent that DYNAMIC_FTRACE is dependent on whether or not that
architecture implements dynamic ftrace. FTRACE itself may be ported to
an architecture without porting dynamic ftrace.
This patch adds HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE to allow architectures to port ftrace
without having to also port the dynamic aspect as well.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch removes the Makefile turd and uses the nice CFLAGS_REMOVE macro
in the x86/kernel directory.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch adds full support for ftrace for PowerPC (both 64 and 32 bit).
This includes dynamic tracing and function filtering.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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David S. Miller noticed the following bug: the -pg instrumentation
function callback is named differently on each platform. On x86 it
is mcount, on sparc it is _mcount. So the export does not make sense
in kernel/trace/ftrace.c - move it to x86.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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text_poke is sleepable.
The original fix by Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Without CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE, mark_rodata_ro() would mark a wrong
number of pages as no-execute. The bug was introduced in the patch
"ftrace: dont write protect kernel text". The symptom was machine reboot
after a CPU hotplug.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Provides kernel modules a way to register custom page fault handlers.
On every page fault this will call a list of registered functions. The
functions may handle the fault and force do_page_fault() to return
immediately.
This functionality is similar to the now removed page fault notifiers.
Custom page fault handlers are used by debugging and reverse engineering
tools. Mmiotrace is one such tool and a patch to add it into the tree
will follow.
The custom page fault handlers are called earlier in do_page_fault()
than the page fault notifiers were.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Dynamic ftrace cant work when the kernel has its text write protected.
This patch keeps the kernel from being write protected when
dynamic ftrace is in place.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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The fault label to jump to on fault of updating the code was misplaced
preventing the fault from being recorded.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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disable the tracer while kexec pulls the rug from under the old
kernel.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch replaces the indirect call to the mcount function
pointer with a direct call that will be patched by the
dynamic ftrace routines.
On boot up, the mcount function calls the ftace_stub function.
When the dynamic ftrace code is initialized, the ftrace_stub
is replaced with a call to the ftrace_record_ip, which records
the instruction pointers of the locations that call it.
Later, the ftraced daemon will call kstop_machine and patch all
the locations to nops.
When a ftrace is enabled, the original calls to mcount will now
be set top call ftrace_caller, which will do a direct call
to the registered ftrace function. This direct call is also patched
when the function that should be called is updated.
All patching is performed by a kstop_machine routine to prevent any
type of race conditions that is associated with modifying code
on the fly.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch moves the memory management of the ftrace
records out of the arch code and into the generic code
making the arch code simpler.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch patches the call to mcount with nops instead
of a jmp over the mcount call.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch adds a feature to dynamically replace the ftrace code
with the jmps to allow a kernel with ftrace configured to run
as fast as it can without it configured.
The way this works, is on bootup (if ftrace is enabled), a ftrace
function is registered to record the instruction pointer of all
places that call the function.
Later, if there's still any code to patch, a kthread is awoken
(rate limited to at most once a second) that performs a stop_machine,
and replaces all the code that was called with a jmp over the call
to ftrace. It only replaces what was found the previous time. Typically
the system reaches equilibrium quickly after bootup and there's no code
patching needed at all.
e.g.
call ftrace /* 5 bytes */
is replaced with
jmp 3f /* jmp is 2 bytes and we jump 3 forward */
3:
When we want to enable ftrace for function tracing, the IP recording
is removed, and stop_machine is called again to replace all the locations
of that were recorded back to the call of ftrace. When it is disabled,
we replace the code back to the jmp.
Allocation is done by the kthread. If the ftrace recording function is
called, and we don't have any record slots available, then we simply
skip that call. Once a second a new page (if needed) is allocated for
recording new ftrace function calls. A large batch is allocated at
boot up to get most of the calls there.
Because we do this via stop_machine, we don't have to worry about another
CPU executing a ftrace call as we modify it. But we do need to worry
about NMI's so all functions that might be called via nmi must be
annotated with notrace_nmi. When this code is configured in, the NMI code
will not call notrace.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Add preempt off timings. A lot of kernel core code is taken from the RT patch
latency trace that was written by Ingo Molnar.
This adds "preemptoff" and "preemptirqsoff" to /debugfs/tracing/available_tracers
Now instead of just tracing irqs off, preemption off can be selected
to be recorded.
When this is selected, it shares the same files as irqs off timings.
One can either trace preemption off, irqs off, or one or the other off.
By echoing "preemptoff" into /debugfs/tracing/current_tracer, recording
of preempt off only is performed. "irqsoff" will only record the time
irqs are disabled, but "preemptirqsoff" will take the total time irqs
or preemption are disabled. Runtime switching of these options is now
supported by simpling echoing in the appropriate trace name into
/debugfs/tracing/current_tracer.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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This patch adds latency tracing for critical timings
(how long interrupts are disabled for).
"irqsoff" is added to /debugfs/tracing/available_tracers
Note:
tracing_max_latency
also holds the max latency for irqsoff (in usecs).
(default to large number so one must start latency tracing)
tracing_thresh
threshold (in usecs) to always print out if irqs off
is detected to be longer than stated here.
If irq_thresh is non-zero, then max_irq_latency
is ignored.
Here's an example of a trace with ftrace_enabled = 0
=======
preemption latency trace v1.1.5 on 2.6.24-rc7
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
--------------------------------------------------------------------
latency: 100 us, #3/3, CPU#1 | (M:rt VP:0, KP:0, SP:0 HP:0 #P:2)
-----------------
| task: swapper-0 (uid:0 nice:0 policy:0 rt_prio:0)
-----------------
=> started at: _spin_lock_irqsave+0x2a/0xb7
=> ended at: _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f
_------=> CPU#
/ _-----=> irqs-off
| / _----=> need-resched
|| / _---=> hardirq/softirq
||| / _--=> preempt-depth
|||| /
||||| delay
cmd pid ||||| time | caller
\ / ||||| \ | /
swapper-0 1d.s3 0us+: _spin_lock_irqsave+0x2a/0xb7 (e1000_update_stats+0x47/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1d.s3 100us : _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f (e1000_update_stats+0x641/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1d.s3 100us : trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x75/0x89 (_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f)
vim:ft=help
=======
And this is a trace with ftrace_enabled == 1
=======
preemption latency trace v1.1.5 on 2.6.24-rc7
--------------------------------------------------------------------
latency: 102 us, #12/12, CPU#1 | (M:rt VP:0, KP:0, SP:0 HP:0 #P:2)
-----------------
| task: swapper-0 (uid:0 nice:0 policy:0 rt_prio:0)
-----------------
=> started at: _spin_lock_irqsave+0x2a/0xb7
=> ended at: _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f
_------=> CPU#
/ _-----=> irqs-off
| / _----=> need-resched
|| / _---=> hardirq/softirq
||| / _--=> preempt-depth
|||| /
||||| delay
cmd pid ||||| time | caller
\ / ||||| \ | /
swapper-0 1dNs3 0us+: _spin_lock_irqsave+0x2a/0xb7 (e1000_update_stats+0x47/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 46us : e1000_read_phy_reg+0x16/0x225 [e1000] (e1000_update_stats+0x5e2/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 46us : e1000_swfw_sync_acquire+0x10/0x99 [e1000] (e1000_read_phy_reg+0x49/0x225 [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 46us : e1000_get_hw_eeprom_semaphore+0x12/0xa6 [e1000] (e1000_swfw_sync_acquire+0x36/0x99 [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 47us : __const_udelay+0x9/0x47 (e1000_read_phy_reg+0x116/0x225 [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 47us+: __delay+0x9/0x50 (__const_udelay+0x45/0x47)
swapper-0 1dNs3 97us : preempt_schedule+0xc/0x84 (__delay+0x4e/0x50)
swapper-0 1dNs3 98us : e1000_swfw_sync_release+0xc/0x55 [e1000] (e1000_read_phy_reg+0x211/0x225 [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 99us+: e1000_put_hw_eeprom_semaphore+0x9/0x35 [e1000] (e1000_swfw_sync_release+0x50/0x55 [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 101us : _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0xe/0x5f (e1000_update_stats+0x641/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 102us : _spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f (e1000_update_stats+0x641/0x64c [e1000])
swapper-0 1dNs3 102us : trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x75/0x89 (_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x32/0x5f)
vim:ft=help
=======
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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If CONFIG_FTRACE is selected and /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_enabled is
set to a non-zero value the ftrace routine will be called everytime
we enter a kernel function that is not marked with the "notrace"
attribute.
The ftrace routine will then call a registered function if a function
happens to be registered.
[ This code has been highly hacked by Steven Rostedt and Ingo Molnar,
so don't blame Arnaldo for all of this ;-) ]
Update:
It is now possible to register more than one ftrace function.
If only one ftrace function is registered, that will be the
function that ftrace calls directly. If more than one function
is registered, then ftrace will call a function that will loop
through the functions to call.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Add the notrace annotations to the vsyscall functions - there we are
not in kernel context yet, so the tracer function cannot (and must not)
be called.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
sparc64: Prevent stack backtrace false positives on trap frames.
sparc64: Fix stack tracing through trap frames.
sparc64: Fix kernel thread stack termination.
sunhv: Fix locking in non-paged I/O case.
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When we fully commit to returning back to kernel mode from
a trap, zero out the regs->magic value to prevent false
positives during stack backtraces.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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The offset to the pt_regs area was wrong, so we weren't
looking at the right location for the magic cookie.
A trap frame is composed of a "struct sparc_stackf" then
a "struct pt_regs", the code was using "struct reg_window"
instead of "struct sparc_stackf".
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Because of the silly way I set up the initial stack for
new kernel threads, there is a loop at the top of the
stack.
To fix this, properly add another stack frame that is copied
from the parent and terminate it in the child by setting
the frame pointer in that frame to zero.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Whether we sidestep it in init/main.c or not, such situations
will arise again; compiler does generate calls of strcat()
on optimizations, so we really ought to have an out-of-line
version...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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... and we have few enough places using the latter to make it
simpler to do search and replace...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We want sys/ptrace.h before any includes of linux/ptrace.h and
asm/user.h pulls the latter.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
sparc64: Add global register dumping facility.
sparc: remove CVS keywords
sparc64: remove CVS keywords
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6:
PCI: correct mailing list address
PCI: Correct last two HP entries in the bfsort whitelist
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc:
[POWERPC] Update defconfigs for desktop/server systems
[POWERPC] Fix mpc8377_mds.dts DMA nodes to match spec
[POWERPC] Update arch/powerpc/boot/.gitignore
[POWERPC] Remove generated files on make clean
[POWERPC] powerpc/mm/hash_low_32.S: Remove CVS keyword
[POWERPC] Update Cell MAINTAINERS entry, add spufs entry
lmb: Fix compile warning
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Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
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master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/galak/powerpc into merge
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When a cpu really is stuck in the kernel, it can be often
impossible to figure out which cpu is stuck where. The
worst case is when the stuck cpu has interrupts disabled.
Therefore, implement a global cpu state capture that uses
SMP message interrupts which are not disabled by the
normal IRQ enable/disable APIs of the kernel.
As long as we can get a sysrq 'y' to the kernel, we can
get a dump. Even if the console interrupt cpu is wedged,
we can trigger it from userspace using /proc/sysrq-trigger
The output is made compact so that this facility is more
useful on high cpu count systems, which is where this
facility will likely find itself the most useful :)
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This patch removes the CVS keywords that weren't updated for a long time
from comments.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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This patch removes the CVS keywords that weren't updated for a long time
from comments.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
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* Add dtbImage.*
* Added zImage.holly
* Folded zImage.coff.lds into zImage.*lds
* Removed some unused zImage.<foo> ignores
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
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dtbImage.* and several zImage. targets get created but never cleaned up.
Also, moved zImage to the clean-files line associated with all other image
results (was previously duplicated).
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
[PATCH] return to old errno choice in mkdir() et.al.
[Patch] fs/binfmt_elf.c: fix wrong return values
[PATCH] get rid of leak in compat_execve()
[Patch] fs/binfmt_elf.c: fix a wrong free
[PATCH] avoid multiplication overflows and signedness issues for max_fds
[PATCH] dup_fd() part 4 - race fix
[PATCH] dup_fd() - part 3
[PATCH] dup_fd() part 2
[PATCH] dup_fd() fixes, part 1
[PATCH] take init_files to fs/file.c
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwboyer/powerpc-4xx
* 'for-2.6.26' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwboyer/powerpc-4xx:
[POWERPC] 4xx: Workaround for CHIP_11 Errata
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This removes a CVS keyword that wasn't updated for a long time from a
comment.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cooloney/blackfin-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cooloney/blackfin-2.6:
Blackfin SPORTS UART Driver: converting BFIN->BLACKFIN
Blackfin serial driver: add extra IRQ flag for 8250 serial driver
8250 Serial Driver: Added support for 8250-class UARTs in HV Sistemas H8606 board
Blackfin arch: Fix bug - USB fails to build for BF524/BF526
Blackfin arch: update boards defconfig files
Blackfin arch: IO Port functions to read/write unalligned memory
Blackfin arch: enable a choice to provide 4M DMA memory
Blackfin arch: cleanup the icplb/dcplb multiple hit checks
Blackfin arch: Add workaround to read edge triggered GPIOs
Blackfin arch: Sync channel defines with struct dma_register dma_io_base_addr.
Blackfin arch: Check for Anomaly 05000182
[Blackfin] arch: rename bf5xx-flash to bfin-async-flash
[Blackfin] arch: Blackfin checksum annotations
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/sh-2.6:
sh: Fix up restorer in debug_trap exception return path.
sh: Make is_valid_bugaddr() more intelligent on nommu.
sh: use the common ascii hex helpers
sh: fix sh7785 master clock value
sh: Fix up thread info pointer in syscall_badsys resume path.
sh: Fix up optimized SH-4 memcpy on big endian.
sh: disable initrd defaults in .empty_zero_page.
sh: display boot params by default on entry.
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/avi/kvm
* 'kvm-updates-2.6.26' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/avi/kvm:
KVM: LAPIC: ignore pending timers if LVTT is disabled
KVM: Update MAINTAINERS for new mailing lists
KVM: Fix kvm_vcpu_block() task state race
KVM: ia64: Set KVM_IOAPIC_NUM_PINS to 48
KVM: ia64: fix GVMM module including position-dependent objects
KVM: ia64: Define new kvm_fpreg struture to replace ia64_fpreg
KVM: PIT: take inject_pending into account when emulating hlt
s390: KVM guest: fix compile error
KVM: x86 emulator: fix writes to registers with modrm encodings
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Replace Redundant Whitelist Entries with the Correct Ones
The ProLiant DL585 G2 and the DL585 G2 are entered reundantly in the
dmi_system_id table. What should have been there are the DL360 and DL380. This
patch simply replaces the redundant entries with the correct entries.
Signed-off-by: Tony Camuso <tony.camuso@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Pat Schoeller <patrick.schoeller@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
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The PowerPC 440EP, 440GR, 440EPx, and 440GRx chips have an issue that
causes the PLB3-to-PLB4 bridge to wait indefinitely for transaction
requests that cross the end-of-memory-range boundary. Since the DDR
controller only returns the valid portion of a read request, the bridge
will prevent other PLB masters from completing their transactions.
This implements the recommended workaround for this errata for chips that
use older versions of firmware that do not already handle it. The last
4KiB of memory are hidden from the kernel to prevent the problem
transactions from occurring.
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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