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The BFD linker generates run-time relocations for z_input_len and
z_output_len, even though they are absolute symbols.
This is fixed for binutils-2.35 [1]. Work around this for earlier
versions by defining two variables input_len and output_len in addition
to the symbols, and use them via position-independent references.
This eliminates the last two run-time relocations in the head code and
allows us to drop the -z noreloc-overflow flag to the linker.
Move the -pie and --no-dynamic-linker LDFLAGS to LDFLAGS_vmlinux instead
of KBUILD_LDFLAGS. There shouldn't be anything else getting linked, but
this is the more logical location for these flags, and modversions might
call the linker if an EXPORT_SYMBOL is left over accidentally in one of
the decompressors.
[1] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25754
Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200731230820.1742553-7-keescook@chromium.org
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Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
published by the free software foundation this program is
distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any
warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license
for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general
public license along with this program if not write to the free
software foundation inc 51 franklin street fifth floor boston ma
02110 1301 usa
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-only
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 46 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Alexios Zavras <alexios.zavras@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190529141334.135501091@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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'kernel_total_size'
Since 'run_size' is now calculated in misc.c, the old script and associated
argument passing is no longer needed. This patch removes them, and renames
'run_size' to the more descriptive 'kernel_total_size'.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
[ Rewrote the changelog, renamed 'run_size' to 'kernel_total_size' ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461888548-32439-6-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Currently z_extract_offset is calculated in boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c.
This doesn't work well because mkpiggy.c doesn't know the details of the
decompressor in use. As a result, it can only make an estimation, which
has risks:
- output + output_len (VO) could be much bigger than input + input_len
(ZO). In this case, the decompressed kernel plus relocs could overwrite
the decompression code while it is running.
- The head code of ZO could be bigger than z_extract_offset. In this case
an overwrite could happen when the head code is running to move ZO to
the end of buffer. Though currently the size of the head code is very
small it's still a potential risk. Since there is no rule to limit the
size of the head code of ZO, it runs the risk of suddenly becoming a
(hard to find) bug.
Instead, this moves the z_extract_offset calculation into header.S, and
makes adjustments to be sure that the above two cases can never happen,
and further corrects the comments describing the calculations.
Since we have (in the previous patch) made ZO always be located against
the end of decompression buffer, z_extract_offset is only used here to
calculate an appropriate buffer size (INIT_SIZE), and is not longer used
elsewhere. As such, it can be removed from voffset.h.
Additionally clean up #if/#else #define to improve readability.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
[ Rewrote the changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461888548-32439-4-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This change makes later calculations about where the kernel is located
easier to reason about. To better understand this change, we must first
clarify what 'VO' and 'ZO' are. These values were introduced in commits
by hpa:
77d1a4999502 ("x86, boot: make symbols from the main vmlinux available")
37ba7ab5e33c ("x86, boot: make kernel_alignment adjustable; new bzImage fields")
Specifically:
All names prefixed with 'VO_':
- relate to the uncompressed kernel image
- the size of the VO image is: VO__end-VO__text ("VO_INIT_SIZE" define)
All names prefixed with 'ZO_':
- relate to the bootable compressed kernel image (boot/compressed/vmlinux),
which is composed of the following memory areas:
- head text
- compressed kernel (VO image and relocs table)
- decompressor code
- the size of the ZO image is: ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 ("ZO_INIT_SIZE" define, though see below)
The 'INIT_SIZE' value is used to find the larger of the two image sizes:
#define ZO_INIT_SIZE (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_extract_offset)
#define VO_INIT_SIZE (VO__end - VO__text)
#if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
# define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
#else
# define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
#endif
The current code uses extract_offset to decide where to position the
copied ZO (i.e. ZO starts at extract_offset). (This is why ZO_INIT_SIZE
currently includes the extract_offset.)
Why does z_extract_offset exist? It's needed because we are trying to minimize
the amount of RAM used for the whole act of creating an uncompressed, executable,
properly relocation-linked kernel image in system memory. We do this so that
kernels can be booted on even very small systems.
To achieve the goal of minimal memory consumption we have implemented an in-place
decompression strategy: instead of cleanly separating the VO and ZO images and
also allocating some memory for the decompression code's runtime needs, we instead
create this elaborate layout of memory buffers where the output (decompressed)
stream, as it progresses, overlaps with and destroys the input (compressed)
stream. This can only be done safely if the ZO image is placed to the end of the
VO range, plus a certain amount of safety distance to make sure that when the last
bytes of the VO range are decompressed, the compressed stream pointer is safely
beyond the end of the VO range.
z_extract_offset is calculated in arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c during
the build process, at a point when we know the exact compressed and
uncompressed size of the kernel images and can calculate this safe minimum
offset value. (Note that the mkpiggy.c calculation is not perfect, because
we don't know the decompressor used at that stage, so the z_extract_offset
calculation is necessarily imprecise and is mostly based on gzip internals -
we'll improve that in the next patch.)
When INIT_SIZE is bigger than VO_INIT_SIZE (uncommon but possible),
the copied ZO occupies the memory from extract_offset to the end of
decompression buffer. It overlaps with the soon-to-be-uncompressed kernel
like this:
|-----compressed kernel image------|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO VO__end ZO__end
^ ^
|-------uncompressed kernel image---------|
When INIT_SIZE is equal to VO_INIT_SIZE (likely) there's still space
left from end of ZO to the end of decompressing buffer, like below.
|-compressed kernel image-|
V V
0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
|-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
| | | |
VO__text startup_32 of ZO ZO__end VO__end
^ ^
|------------uncompressed kernel image-------------|
To simplify calculations and avoid special cases, it is cleaner to
always place the compressed kernel image in memory so that ZO__end
is at the end of the decompression buffer, instead of placing t at
the start of extract_offset as is currently done.
This patch adds BP_init_size (which is the INIT_SIZE as passed in from
the boot_params) into asm-offsets.c to make it visible to the assembly
code.
Then when moving the ZO, it calculates the starting position of
the copied ZO (via BP_init_size and the ZO run size) so that the VO__end
will be at the end of the decompression buffer. To make the position
calculation safe, the end of ZO is page aligned (and a comment is added
to the existing VO alignment for good measure).
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
[ Rewrote changelog and comments. ]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: lasse.collin@tukaani.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461888548-32439-3-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
[ Rewrote the changelog some more. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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When choosing a random address, the current implementation does not take into
account the reversed space for .bss and .brk sections. Thus the relocated kernel
may overlap other components in memory. Here is an example of the overlap from a
x86_64 kernel in qemu (the ranges of physical addresses are presented):
Physical Address
0x0fe00000 --+--------------------+ <-- randomized base
/ | relocated kernel |
vmlinux.bin | (from vmlinux.bin) |
0x1336d000 (an ELF file) +--------------------+--
\ | | \
0x1376d870 --+--------------------+ |
| relocs table | |
0x13c1c2a8 +--------------------+ .bss and .brk
| | |
0x13ce6000 +--------------------+ |
| | /
0x13f77000 | initrd |--
| |
0x13fef374 +--------------------+
The initrd image will then be overwritten by the memset during early
initialization:
[ 1.655204] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 1.662831] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
This patch prevents the above situation by requiring a larger space when looking
for a random kernel base, so that existing logic can effectively avoids the
overlap.
[kees: switched to perl to avoid hex translation pain in mawk vs gawk]
[kees: calculated overlap without relocs table]
Fixes: 82fa9637a2 ("x86, kaslr: Select random position from e820 maps")
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Junjie Mao <eternal.n08@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414762838-13067-1-git-send-email-eternal.n08@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Even though the resource is released when the application is closed or
when returned from main function, modify the code to make it obvious,
and to keep static analysis tools from complaining.
Signed-off-by: Geyslan G. Bem <geyslan@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381184219-10985-1-git-send-email-geyslan@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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Use the new headers in tools/include instead of rolling our own
put_unaligned_le32() implementation.
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1330436245-24875-4-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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Ensure build doesn't silently continue despite read failure,
addressing a warning due to the unchecked call.
Signed-off-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <AANLkTimxxTMU3=4ry-_zbY6v1xiDi+hW9y1RegTr8vLK@mail.gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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This integrates the XZ decompression code to the x86 pre-boot code.
mkpiggy.c is updated to reserve about 32 KiB more buffer safety margin for
kernel decompression. It is done unconditionally for all decompressors to
keep the code simpler.
The XZ decompressor needs around 30 KiB of heap, so the heap size is
increased to 32 KiB on both x86-32 and x86-64.
Documentation/x86/boot.txt is updated to list the XZ magic number.
With the x86 BCJ filter in XZ, XZ-compressed x86 kernel tends to be a few
percent smaller than the equivalent LZMA-compressed kernel.
Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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Determine the compressed code offset (from the kernel runtime address)
at compile time. This allows some minor optimizations in
arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_*.S, but more importantly it makes this
value available to the build process, which will enable a future patch
to export the necessary linear memory footprint into the bzImage
header.
[ Impact: cleanup, future patch enabling ]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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