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-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/cache.h2
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/delay.h5
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/entry.h25
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/io.h4
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/irqflags.h7
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/mmu.h11
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/mmu_context.h161
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h61
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/ptrace.h36
-rw-r--r--arch/arc/include/asm/spinlock_types.h6
10 files changed, 117 insertions, 201 deletions
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/cache.h
index 5802849a6cae..e4abdaac6f9f 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/cache.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/cache.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
extern void arc_cache_init(void);
extern char *arc_cache_mumbojumbo(int cpu_id, char *buf, int len);
-extern void __init read_decode_cache_bcr(void);
+extern void read_decode_cache_bcr(void);
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/delay.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/delay.h
index 442ce5d0f709..43de30256981 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/delay.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/delay.h
@@ -53,11 +53,10 @@ static inline void __udelay(unsigned long usecs)
{
unsigned long loops;
- /* (long long) cast ensures 64 bit MPY - real or emulated
+ /* (u64) cast ensures 64 bit MPY - real or emulated
* HZ * 4295 is pre-evaluated by gcc - hence only 2 mpy ops
*/
- loops = ((long long)(usecs * 4295 * HZ) *
- (long long)(loops_per_jiffy)) >> 32;
+ loops = ((u64) usecs * 4295 * HZ * loops_per_jiffy) >> 32;
__delay(loops);
}
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/entry.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/entry.h
index 8943c028d4bb..884081099f80 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/entry.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/entry.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
#include <asm/ptrace.h>
#include <asm/processor.h> /* For VMALLOC_START */
#include <asm/thread_info.h> /* For THREAD_SIZE */
+#include <asm/mmu.h>
/* Note on the LD/ST addr modes with addr reg wback
*
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@
* it to memory (non-SMP case) or SCRATCH0 Aux Reg (SMP).
*
* Before saving the full regfile - this reg is restored back, only
- * to be saved again on kernel mode stack, as part of ptregs.
+ * to be saved again on kernel mode stack, as part of pt_regs.
*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
.macro EXCPN_PROLOG_FREEUP_REG reg
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
@@ -383,6 +384,28 @@
.endm
/*--------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Exception Entry prologue
+ * -Switches stack to K mode (if not already)
+ * -Saves the register file
+ *
+ * After this it is safe to call the "C" handlers
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------*/
+.macro EXCEPTION_PROLOGUE
+
+ /* Need at least 1 reg to code the early exception prologue */
+ EXCPN_PROLOG_FREEUP_REG r9
+
+ /* U/K mode at time of exception (stack not switched if already K) */
+ lr r9, [erstatus]
+
+ /* ARC700 doesn't provide auto-stack switching */
+ SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_STK
+
+ /* save the regfile */
+ SAVE_ALL_SYS
+.endm
+
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------
* Save all registers used by Exceptions (TLB Miss, Prot-V, Mem err etc)
* Requires SP to be already switched to kernel mode Stack
* sp points to the next free element on the stack at exit of this macro.
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/io.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/io.h
index 473424d7528b..334ce7017a18 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/io.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/io.h
@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ static inline void __raw_writel(u32 w, volatile void __iomem *addr)
}
+#define readb_relaxed readb
+#define readw_relaxed readw
+#define readl_relaxed readl
+
#include <asm-generic/io.h>
#endif /* _ASM_ARC_IO_H */
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/irqflags.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/irqflags.h
index d99f79bcf865..b68b53f458d1 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/irqflags.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/irqflags.h
@@ -157,13 +157,6 @@ static inline void arch_unmask_irq(unsigned int irq)
flag \scratch
.endm
-.macro IRQ_DISABLE_SAVE scratch, save
- lr \scratch, [status32]
- mov \save, \scratch /* Make a copy */
- bic \scratch, \scratch, (STATUS_E1_MASK | STATUS_E2_MASK)
- flag \scratch
-.endm
-
.macro IRQ_ENABLE scratch
lr \scratch, [status32]
or \scratch, \scratch, (STATUS_E1_MASK | STATUS_E2_MASK)
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu.h
index 7c03fe61759c..c2663b32866b 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
/* Error code if probe fails */
#define TLB_LKUP_ERR 0x80000000
+#define TLB_DUP_ERR (TLB_LKUP_ERR | 0x00000001)
+
/* TLB Commands */
#define TLBWrite 0x1
#define TLBRead 0x2
@@ -46,21 +48,18 @@
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
typedef struct {
- unsigned long asid; /* Pvt Addr-Space ID for mm */
-#ifdef CONFIG_ARC_TLB_DBG
- struct task_struct *tsk;
-#endif
+ unsigned long asid; /* 8 bit MMU PID + Generation cycle */
} mm_context_t;
#ifdef CONFIG_ARC_DBG_TLB_PARANOIA
-void tlb_paranoid_check(unsigned int pid_sw, unsigned long address);
+void tlb_paranoid_check(unsigned int mm_asid, unsigned long address);
#else
#define tlb_paranoid_check(a, b)
#endif
void arc_mmu_init(void);
extern char *arc_mmu_mumbojumbo(int cpu_id, char *buf, int len);
-void __init read_decode_mmu_bcr(void);
+void read_decode_mmu_bcr(void);
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu_context.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu_context.h
index 0d71fb11b57c..43a1b51bb8cc 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu_context.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/mmu_context.h
@@ -34,95 +34,65 @@
* When it reaches max 255, the allocation cycle starts afresh by flushing
* the entire TLB and wrapping ASID back to zero.
*
- * For book-keeping, Linux uses a couple of data-structures:
- * -mm_struct has an @asid field to keep a note of task's ASID (needed at the
- * time of say switch_mm( )
- * -An array of mm structs @asid_mm_map[] for asid->mm the reverse mapping,
- * given an ASID, finding the mm struct associated.
- *
- * The round-robin allocation algorithm allows for ASID stealing.
- * If asid tracker is at "x-1", a new req will allocate "x", even if "x" was
- * already assigned to another (switched-out) task. Obviously the prev owner
- * is marked with an invalid ASID to make it request for a new ASID when it
- * gets scheduled next time. However its TLB entries (with ASID "x") could
- * exist, which must be cleared before the same ASID is used by the new owner.
- * Flushing them would be plausible but costly solution. Instead we force a
- * allocation policy quirk, which ensures that a stolen ASID won't have any
- * TLB entries associates, alleviating the need to flush.
- * The quirk essentially is not allowing ASID allocated in prev cycle
- * to be used past a roll-over in the next cycle.
- * When this happens (i.e. task ASID > asid tracker), task needs to refresh
- * its ASID, aligning it to current value of tracker. If the task doesn't get
- * scheduled past a roll-over, hence its ASID is not yet realigned with
- * tracker, such ASID is anyways safely reusable because it is
- * gauranteed that TLB entries with that ASID wont exist.
+ * A new allocation cycle, post rollover, could potentially reassign an ASID
+ * to a different task. Thus the rule is to refresh the ASID in a new cycle.
+ * The 32 bit @asid_cache (and mm->asid) have 8 bits MMU PID and rest 24 bits
+ * serve as cycle/generation indicator and natural 32 bit unsigned math
+ * automagically increments the generation when lower 8 bits rollover.
*/
-#define FIRST_ASID 0
-#define MAX_ASID 255 /* 8 bit PID field in PID Aux reg */
-#define NO_ASID (MAX_ASID + 1) /* ASID Not alloc to mmu ctxt */
-#define NUM_ASID ((MAX_ASID - FIRST_ASID) + 1)
+#define MM_CTXT_ASID_MASK 0x000000ff /* MMU PID reg :8 bit PID */
+#define MM_CTXT_CYCLE_MASK (~MM_CTXT_ASID_MASK)
+
+#define MM_CTXT_FIRST_CYCLE (MM_CTXT_ASID_MASK + 1)
+#define MM_CTXT_NO_ASID 0UL
-/* ASID to mm struct mapping */
-extern struct mm_struct *asid_mm_map[NUM_ASID + 1];
+#define hw_pid(mm) (mm->context.asid & MM_CTXT_ASID_MASK)
-extern int asid_cache;
+extern unsigned int asid_cache;
/*
- * Assign a new ASID to task. If the task already has an ASID, it is
- * relinquished.
+ * Get a new ASID if task doesn't have a valid one (unalloc or from prev cycle)
+ * Also set the MMU PID register to existing/updated ASID
*/
static inline void get_new_mmu_context(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
- struct mm_struct *prev_owner;
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
/*
- * Relinquish the currently owned ASID (if any).
- * Doing unconditionally saves a cmp-n-branch; for already unused
- * ASID slot, the value was/remains NULL
+ * Move to new ASID if it was not from current alloc-cycle/generation.
+ * This is done by ensuring that the generation bits in both mm->ASID
+ * and cpu's ASID counter are exactly same.
+ *
+ * Note: Callers needing new ASID unconditionally, independent of
+ * generation, e.g. local_flush_tlb_mm() for forking parent,
+ * first need to destroy the context, setting it to invalid
+ * value.
*/
- asid_mm_map[mm->context.asid] = (struct mm_struct *)NULL;
+ if (!((mm->context.asid ^ asid_cache) & MM_CTXT_CYCLE_MASK))
+ goto set_hw;
+
+ /* move to new ASID and handle rollover */
+ if (unlikely(!(++asid_cache & MM_CTXT_ASID_MASK))) {
- /* move to new ASID */
- if (++asid_cache > MAX_ASID) { /* ASID roll-over */
- asid_cache = FIRST_ASID;
flush_tlb_all();
- }
- /*
- * Is next ASID already owned by some-one else (we are stealing it).
- * If so, let the orig owner be aware of this, so when it runs, it
- * asks for a brand new ASID. This would only happen for a long-lived
- * task with ASID from prev allocation cycle (before ASID roll-over).
- *
- * This might look wrong - if we are re-using some other task's ASID,
- * won't we use it's stale TLB entries too. Actually switch_mm( ) takes
- * care of such a case: it ensures that task with ASID from prev alloc
- * cycle, when scheduled will refresh it's ASID: see switch_mm( ) below
- * The stealing scenario described here will only happen if that task
- * didn't get a chance to refresh it's ASID - implying stale entries
- * won't exist.
- */
- prev_owner = asid_mm_map[asid_cache];
- if (prev_owner)
- prev_owner->context.asid = NO_ASID;
+ /*
+ * Above checke for rollover of 8 bit ASID in 32 bit container.
+ * If the container itself wrapped around, set it to a non zero
+ * "generation" to distinguish from no context
+ */
+ if (!asid_cache)
+ asid_cache = MM_CTXT_FIRST_CYCLE;
+ }
/* Assign new ASID to tsk */
- asid_mm_map[asid_cache] = mm;
mm->context.asid = asid_cache;
-#ifdef CONFIG_ARC_TLB_DBG
- pr_info("ARC_TLB_DBG: NewMM=0x%x OldMM=0x%x task_struct=0x%x Task: %s,"
- " pid:%u, assigned asid:%lu\n",
- (unsigned int)mm, (unsigned int)prev_owner,
- (unsigned int)(mm->context.tsk), (mm->context.tsk)->comm,
- (mm->context.tsk)->pid, mm->context.asid);
-#endif
-
- write_aux_reg(ARC_REG_PID, asid_cache | MMU_ENABLE);
+set_hw:
+ write_aux_reg(ARC_REG_PID, hw_pid(mm) | MMU_ENABLE);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
@@ -134,10 +104,7 @@ static inline void get_new_mmu_context(struct mm_struct *mm)
static inline int
init_new_context(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
- mm->context.asid = NO_ASID;
-#ifdef CONFIG_ARC_TLB_DBG
- mm->context.tsk = tsk;
-#endif
+ mm->context.asid = MM_CTXT_NO_ASID;
return 0;
}
@@ -152,40 +119,21 @@ static inline void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
write_aux_reg(ARC_REG_SCRATCH_DATA0, next->pgd);
#endif
- /*
- * Get a new ASID if task doesn't have a valid one. Possible when
- * -task never had an ASID (fresh after fork)
- * -it's ASID was stolen - past an ASID roll-over.
- * -There's a third obscure scenario (if this task is running for the
- * first time afer an ASID rollover), where despite having a valid
- * ASID, we force a get for new ASID - see comments at top.
- *
- * Both the non-alloc scenario and first-use-after-rollover can be
- * detected using the single condition below: NO_ASID = 256
- * while asid_cache is always a valid ASID value (0-255).
- */
- if (next->context.asid > asid_cache) {
- get_new_mmu_context(next);
- } else {
- /*
- * XXX: This will never happen given the chks above
- * BUG_ON(next->context.asid > MAX_ASID);
- */
- write_aux_reg(ARC_REG_PID, next->context.asid | MMU_ENABLE);
- }
-
+ get_new_mmu_context(next);
}
+/*
+ * Called at the time of execve() to get a new ASID
+ * Note the subtlety here: get_new_mmu_context() behaves differently here
+ * vs. in switch_mm(). Here it always returns a new ASID, because mm has
+ * an unallocated "initial" value, while in latter, it moves to a new ASID,
+ * only if it was unallocated
+ */
+#define activate_mm(prev, next) switch_mm(prev, next, NULL)
+
static inline void destroy_context(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
- unsigned long flags;
-
- local_irq_save(flags);
-
- asid_mm_map[mm->context.asid] = NULL;
- mm->context.asid = NO_ASID;
-
- local_irq_restore(flags);
+ mm->context.asid = MM_CTXT_NO_ASID;
}
/* it seemed that deactivate_mm( ) is a reasonable place to do book-keeping
@@ -197,17 +145,6 @@ static inline void destroy_context(struct mm_struct *mm)
*/
#define deactivate_mm(tsk, mm) do { } while (0)
-static inline void activate_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next)
-{
-#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
- write_aux_reg(ARC_REG_SCRATCH_DATA0, next->pgd);
-#endif
-
- /* Unconditionally get a new ASID */
- get_new_mmu_context(next);
-
-}
-
#define enter_lazy_tlb(mm, tsk)
#endif /* __ASM_ARC_MMU_CONTEXT_H */
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h
index 4749a0eee1cf..6b0b7f7ef783 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -57,43 +57,31 @@
#define _PAGE_ACCESSED (1<<1) /* Page is accessed (S) */
#define _PAGE_CACHEABLE (1<<2) /* Page is cached (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_EXECUTE (1<<3) /* Page has user execute perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_WRITE (1<<4) /* Page has user write perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_READ (1<<5) /* Page has user read perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_EXECUTE (1<<6) /* Page has kernel execute perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_WRITE (1<<7) /* Page has kernel write perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_READ (1<<8) /* Page has kernel perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_GLOBAL (1<<9) /* Page is global (H) */
-#define _PAGE_MODIFIED (1<<10) /* Page modified (dirty) (S) */
-#define _PAGE_FILE (1<<10) /* page cache/ swap (S) */
-#define _PAGE_PRESENT (1<<11) /* TLB entry is valid (H) */
+#define _PAGE_EXECUTE (1<<3) /* Page has user execute perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_WRITE (1<<4) /* Page has user write perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_READ (1<<5) /* Page has user read perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_MODIFIED (1<<6) /* Page modified (dirty) (S) */
+#define _PAGE_FILE (1<<7) /* page cache/ swap (S) */
+#define _PAGE_GLOBAL (1<<8) /* Page is global (H) */
+#define _PAGE_PRESENT (1<<10) /* TLB entry is valid (H) */
-#else
+#else /* MMU v3 onwards */
-/* PD1 */
#define _PAGE_CACHEABLE (1<<0) /* Page is cached (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_EXECUTE (1<<1) /* Page has user execute perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_WRITE (1<<2) /* Page has user write perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_U_READ (1<<3) /* Page has user read perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_EXECUTE (1<<4) /* Page has kernel execute perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_WRITE (1<<5) /* Page has kernel write perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_K_READ (1<<6) /* Page has kernel perm (H) */
-#define _PAGE_ACCESSED (1<<7) /* Page is accessed (S) */
-
-/* PD0 */
+#define _PAGE_EXECUTE (1<<1) /* Page has user execute perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_WRITE (1<<2) /* Page has user write perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_READ (1<<3) /* Page has user read perm (H) */
+#define _PAGE_ACCESSED (1<<4) /* Page is accessed (S) */
+#define _PAGE_MODIFIED (1<<5) /* Page modified (dirty) (S) */
+#define _PAGE_FILE (1<<6) /* page cache/ swap (S) */
#define _PAGE_GLOBAL (1<<8) /* Page is global (H) */
#define _PAGE_PRESENT (1<<9) /* TLB entry is valid (H) */
-#define _PAGE_SHARED_CODE (1<<10) /* Shared Code page with cmn vaddr
+#define _PAGE_SHARED_CODE (1<<11) /* Shared Code page with cmn vaddr
usable for shared TLB entries (H) */
-
-#define _PAGE_MODIFIED (1<<11) /* Page modified (dirty) (S) */
-#define _PAGE_FILE (1<<12) /* page cache/ swap (S) */
-
-#define _PAGE_SHARED_CODE_H (1<<31) /* Hardware counterpart of above */
#endif
-/* Kernel allowed all permissions for all pages */
-#define _K_PAGE_PERMS (_PAGE_K_EXECUTE | _PAGE_K_WRITE | _PAGE_K_READ | \
+/* vmalloc permissions */
+#define _K_PAGE_PERMS (_PAGE_EXECUTE | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_READ | \
_PAGE_GLOBAL | _PAGE_PRESENT)
#ifdef CONFIG_ARC_CACHE_PAGES
@@ -109,10 +97,6 @@
*/
#define ___DEF (_PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_DEF_CACHEABLE)
-#define _PAGE_READ (_PAGE_U_READ | _PAGE_K_READ)
-#define _PAGE_WRITE (_PAGE_U_WRITE | _PAGE_K_WRITE)
-#define _PAGE_EXECUTE (_PAGE_U_EXECUTE | _PAGE_K_EXECUTE)
-
/* Set of bits not changed in pte_modify */
#define _PAGE_CHG_MASK (PAGE_MASK | _PAGE_ACCESSED | _PAGE_MODIFIED)
@@ -126,8 +110,8 @@
#define PAGE_SHARED PAGE_U_W_R
-/* While kernel runs out of unstrslated space, vmalloc/modules use a chunk of
- * kernel vaddr space - visible in all addr spaces, but kernel mode only
+/* While kernel runs out of unstranslated space, vmalloc/modules use a chunk of
+ * user vaddr space - visible in all addr spaces, but kernel mode only
* Thus Global, all-kernel-access, no-user-access, cached
*/
#define PAGE_KERNEL __pgprot(_K_PAGE_PERMS | _PAGE_DEF_CACHEABLE)
@@ -136,10 +120,9 @@
#define PAGE_KERNEL_NO_CACHE __pgprot(_K_PAGE_PERMS)
/* Masks for actual TLB "PD"s */
-#define PTE_BITS_IN_PD0 (_PAGE_GLOBAL | _PAGE_PRESENT)
-#define PTE_BITS_IN_PD1 (PAGE_MASK | _PAGE_CACHEABLE | \
- _PAGE_U_EXECUTE | _PAGE_U_WRITE | _PAGE_U_READ | \
- _PAGE_K_EXECUTE | _PAGE_K_WRITE | _PAGE_K_READ)
+#define PTE_BITS_IN_PD0 (_PAGE_GLOBAL | _PAGE_PRESENT)
+#define PTE_BITS_RWX (_PAGE_EXECUTE | _PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_READ)
+#define PTE_BITS_NON_RWX_IN_PD1 (PAGE_MASK | _PAGE_CACHEABLE)
/**************************************************************************
* Mapping of vm_flags (Generic VM) to PTE flags (arch specific)
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/ptrace.h
index c9938e7a7dbd..1bfeec2c0558 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -20,27 +20,17 @@ struct pt_regs {
/* Real registers */
long bta; /* bta_l1, bta_l2, erbta */
- long lp_start;
- long lp_end;
- long lp_count;
+
+ long lp_start, lp_end, lp_count;
+
long status32; /* status32_l1, status32_l2, erstatus */
long ret; /* ilink1, ilink2 or eret */
long blink;
long fp;
long r26; /* gp */
- long r12;
- long r11;
- long r10;
- long r9;
- long r8;
- long r7;
- long r6;
- long r5;
- long r4;
- long r3;
- long r2;
- long r1;
- long r0;
+
+ long r12, r11, r10, r9, r8, r7, r6, r5, r4, r3, r2, r1, r0;
+
long sp; /* user/kernel sp depending on where we came from */
long orig_r0;
@@ -70,19 +60,7 @@ struct pt_regs {
/* Callee saved registers - need to be saved only when you are scheduled out */
struct callee_regs {
- long r25;
- long r24;
- long r23;
- long r22;
- long r21;
- long r20;
- long r19;
- long r18;
- long r17;
- long r16;
- long r15;
- long r14;
- long r13;
+ long r25, r24, r23, r22, r21, r20, r19, r18, r17, r16, r15, r14, r13;
};
#define instruction_pointer(regs) ((regs)->ret)
diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/spinlock_types.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/spinlock_types.h
index 8276bfd61704..662627ced4f2 100644
--- a/arch/arc/include/asm/spinlock_types.h
+++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/spinlock_types.h
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ typedef struct {
#define __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_LOCKED { __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_LOCKED__ }
/*
- * Unlocked: 0x01_00_00_00
- * Read lock(s): 0x00_FF_00_00 to say 0x01
- * Write lock: 0x0, but only possible if prior value "unlocked" 0x0100_0000
+ * Unlocked : 0x0100_0000
+ * Read lock(s) : 0x00FF_FFFF to 0x01 (Multiple Readers decrement it)
+ * Write lock : 0x0, but only if prior value is "unlocked" 0x0100_0000
*/
typedef struct {
volatile unsigned int counter;