diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
264 files changed, 19374 insertions, 6776 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/proc-sys-vm-nr_pdflush_threads b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/proc-sys-vm-nr_pdflush_threads deleted file mode 100644 index b0b0eeb20fe3..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/proc-sys-vm-nr_pdflush_threads +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -What: /proc/sys/vm/nr_pdflush_threads -Date: June 2012 -Contact: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> -Description: Since pdflush is replaced by per-BDI flusher, the interface of old pdflush - exported in /proc/sys/vm/ should be removed. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio index 867c1fab20e2..32513dc2eec9 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio +++ b/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Description: Kernel code may export it for complete or partial access. GPIOs are identified as they are inside the kernel, using integers in - the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/gpio.txt for more information. + the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/gpio/gpio.txt for more information. /sys/class/gpio /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices index 35c457f8ce73..4404bd9b96c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices +++ b/Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # Note: This documents additional properties of any device beyond what -# is documented in Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt +# is documented in Documentation/admin-guide/sysfs-rules.rst What: /sys/devices/*/of_node Date: February 2015 diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm b/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm index 8374d4557e5d..9578247e1792 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/evm @@ -7,17 +7,37 @@ Description: HMAC-sha1 value across the extended attributes, storing the value as the extended attribute 'security.evm'. - EVM depends on the Kernel Key Retention System to provide it - with a trusted/encrypted key for the HMAC-sha1 operation. - The key is loaded onto the root's keyring using keyctl. Until - EVM receives notification that the key has been successfully - loaded onto the keyring (echo 1 > <securityfs>/evm), EVM - can not create or validate the 'security.evm' xattr, but - returns INTEGRITY_UNKNOWN. Loading the key and signaling EVM - should be done as early as possible. Normally this is done - in the initramfs, which has already been measured as part - of the trusted boot. For more information on creating and - loading existing trusted/encrypted keys, refer to: - Documentation/keys-trusted-encrypted.txt. (A sample dracut - patch, which loads the trusted/encrypted key and enables - EVM, is available from http://linux-ima.sourceforge.net/#EVM.) + EVM supports two classes of security.evm. The first is + an HMAC-sha1 generated locally with a + trusted/encrypted key stored in the Kernel Key + Retention System. The second is a digital signature + generated either locally or remotely using an + asymmetric key. These keys are loaded onto root's + keyring using keyctl, and EVM is then enabled by + echoing a value to <securityfs>/evm: + + 1: enable HMAC validation and creation + 2: enable digital signature validation + 3: enable HMAC and digital signature validation and HMAC + creation + + Further writes will be blocked if HMAC support is enabled or + if bit 32 is set: + + echo 0x80000002 ><securityfs>/evm + + will enable digital signature validation and block + further writes to <securityfs>/evm. + + Until this is done, EVM can not create or validate the + 'security.evm' xattr, but returns INTEGRITY_UNKNOWN. + Loading keys and signaling EVM should be done as early + as possible. Normally this is done in the initramfs, + which has already been measured as part of the trusted + boot. For more information on creating and loading + existing trusted/encrypted keys, refer to: + + Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst. Both dracut + (via 97masterkey and 98integrity) and systemd (via + core/ima-setup) have support for loading keys at boot + time. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio index 7eead5f97e02..2e3f919485f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio @@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ Description: Specifies the output powerdown mode. DAC output stage is disconnected from the amplifier and 1kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via an 1kOhm resistor, + 2.5kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 2.5kOhm resistor, 6kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 6kOhm resistor, 20kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 20kOhm resistor, 90kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 90kOhm resistor, @@ -1242,9 +1243,9 @@ What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_distance_raw KernelVersion: 4.0 Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org Description: - This attribute is used to read the distance covered by the user - since the last reboot while activated. Units after application - of scale are meters. + This attribute is used to read the measured distance to an object + or the distance covered by the user since the last reboot while + activated. Units after application of scale are meters. What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/store_eeprom KernelVersion: 3.4.0 diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec index 297b9720f024..0e95c2ca105c 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-cros-ec @@ -16,3 +16,13 @@ Description: the motion sensor is placed. For example, in a laptop a motion sensor can be located on the base or on the lid. Current valid values are 'base' and 'lid'. + +What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/id +Date: Septembre 2017 +KernelVersion: 4.14 +Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org +Description: + This attribute is exposed by the CrOS EC legacy accelerometer + driver and represents the sensor ID as exposed by the EC. This + ID is used by the Android sensor service hardware abstraction + layer (sensor HAL) through the Android container on ChromeOS. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935 b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935 index 33e96f740639..147d4e8a1403 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935 +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935 @@ -14,3 +14,11 @@ Description: Show or set the gain boost of the amp, from 0-31 range. 18 = indoors (default) 14 = outdoors + +What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/noise_level_tripped +Date: May 2017 +KernelVersion: 4.13 +Contact: Matt Ranostay <matt.ranostay@konsulko.com> +Description: + When 1 the noise level is over the trip level and not reporting + valid data diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..519f028d19cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +What: /sys/bus/mmc/devices/.../rev +Date: October 2017 +Contact: Jin Qian <jinqian@android.com> +Description: Extended CSD revision number diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc index d188afebc8ba..c3afe9fab646 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-remoteproc @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../firmware Date: October 2016 -Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com> +Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com> Description: Remote processor firmware Reports the name of the firmware currently loaded to the @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Description: Remote processor firmware What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../state Date: October 2016 -Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com> +Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com> Description: Remote processor state Reports the state of the remote processor, which will be one of: diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power index 676fdf5f2a99..80a00f7b6667 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power @@ -211,7 +211,9 @@ Description: device, after it has been suspended at run time, from a resume request to the moment the device will be ready to process I/O, in microseconds. If it is equal to 0, however, this means that - the PM QoS resume latency may be arbitrary. + the PM QoS resume latency may be arbitrary and the special value + "n/a" means that user space cannot accept any resume latency at + all for the given device. Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported, it is not present. @@ -258,19 +260,3 @@ Description: This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and hibernation. - -What: /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_remote_wakeup -Date: September 2012 -Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net> -Description: - The /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_remote_wakeup attribute - is used for manipulating the PM QoS "remote wakeup required" - flag. If set, this flag indicates to the kernel that the - device is a source of user events that have to be signaled from - its low-power states. - - Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported, - it is not present. - - This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and - hibernation. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu index f3d5817c4ef0..d6d862db3b5d 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu @@ -187,7 +187,8 @@ Description: Processor frequency boosting control This switch controls the boost setting for the whole system. Boosting allows the CPU and the firmware to run at a frequency beyound it's nominal limit. - More details can be found in Documentation/cpu-freq/boost.txt + More details can be found in + Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#/crash_notes @@ -223,7 +224,8 @@ Description: Parameters for the Intel P-state driver no_turbo: limits the driver to selecting P states below the turbo frequency range. - More details can be found in Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt + More details can be found in + Documentation/admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.rst What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/<set_of_attributes_mentioned_below> Date: July 2014(documented, existed before August 2008) diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap index 587db52084c7..94672016c268 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-mm-swap @@ -14,13 +14,3 @@ Description: Enable/disable VMA based swap readahead. still used for tmpfs etc. other users. If set to false, the global swap readahead algorithm will be used for all swappable pages. - -What: /sys/kernel/mm/swap/vma_ra_max_order -Date: August 2017 -Contact: Linux memory management mailing list <linux-mm@kvack.org> -Description: The max readahead size in order for VMA based swap readahead - - VMA based swap readahead algorithm will readahead at - most 1 << max_order pages for each readahead. The - real readahead size for each readahead will be scaled - according to the estimation algorithm. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power index 713cab1d5f12..1e0d1dac706b 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power @@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Description: Writing one of the above strings to this file causes the system to transition into the corresponding state, if available. - See Documentation/power/states.txt for more information. + See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more + information. What: /sys/power/mem_sleep Date: November 2016 @@ -35,7 +36,8 @@ Description: represented by it to be used on subsequent attempts to suspend the system. - See Documentation/power/states.txt for more information. + See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more + information. What: /sys/power/disk Date: September 2006 @@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ Description: What; /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match Date: October 2010 -Contact: James Hogan <james@albanarts.com> +Contact: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org> Description: The /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match file contains the name of the device associated with the last PM event point saved in the RTC diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 85f7856f0092..2ca77ad0f238 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ endif # HAVE_SPHINX # The following targets are independent of HAVE_SPHINX, and the rules should # work or silently pass without Sphinx. +refcheckdocs: + $(Q)cd $(srctree);scripts/documentation-file-ref-check + cleandocs: $(Q)rm -rf $(BUILDDIR) $(Q)$(MAKE) BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) $(build)=Documentation/media clean @@ -109,6 +112,7 @@ dochelp: @echo ' epubdocs - EPUB' @echo ' xmldocs - XML' @echo ' linkcheckdocs - check for broken external links (will connect to external hosts)' + @echo ' refcheckdocs - check for references to non-existing files under Documentation' @echo ' cleandocs - clean all generated files' @echo @echo ' make SPHINXDIRS="s1 s2" [target] Generate only docs of folder s1, s2' @@ -116,3 +120,5 @@ dochelp: @echo @echo ' make SPHINX_CONF={conf-file} [target] use *additional* sphinx-build' @echo ' configuration. This is e.g. useful to build with nit-picking config.' + @echo + @echo ' Default location for the generated documents is Documentation/output' diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html index e5d0bbd0230b..7394f034be65 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ grace period also drove it to completion. This straightforward approach had the disadvantage of needing to account for POSIX signals sent to user tasks, so more recent implemementations use the Linux kernel's -<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/workqueue.txt">workqueues</a>. +<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst">workqueues</a>. <p> The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e5b42a798ff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Diagram.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> + <html> + <head><title>A Diagram of TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title> + <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + +<p><img src="TreeRCU-gp.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp.svg"> + +</body></html> diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8651b0b4fd79 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.html @@ -0,0 +1,707 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> + <html> + <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title> + <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + + <p>August 8, 2017</p> + <p>This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney</p> + +<h3>Introduction</h3> + +<p>This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's +grace-period memory ordering guarantee is provided. + +<ol> +<li> <a href="#What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?"> + What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a> +<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks"> + Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a> +<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components"> + Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a> +<li> <a href="#Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a> +</ol> + +<h3><a name="What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?"> +What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a></h3> + +<p>RCU grace periods provide extremely strong memory-ordering guarantees +for non-idle non-offline code. +Any code that happens after the end of a given RCU grace period is guaranteed +to see the effects of all accesses prior to the beginning of that grace +period that are within RCU read-side critical sections. +Similarly, any code that happens before the beginning of a given RCU grace +period is guaranteed to see the effects of all accesses following the end +of that grace period that are within RCU read-side critical sections. + +<p>This guarantee is particularly pervasive for <tt>synchronize_sched()</tt>, +for which RCU-sched read-side critical sections include any region +of code for which preemption is disabled. +Given that each individual machine instruction can be thought of as +an extremely small region of preemption-disabled code, one can think of +<tt>synchronize_sched()</tt> as <tt>smp_mb()</tt> on steroids. + +<p>RCU updaters use this guarantee by splitting their updates into +two phases, one of which is executed before the grace period and +the other of which is executed after the grace period. +In the most common use case, phase one removes an element from +a linked RCU-protected data structure, and phase two frees that element. +For this to work, any readers that have witnessed state prior to the +phase-one update (in the common case, removal) must not witness state +following the phase-two update (in the common case, freeing). + +<p>The RCU implementation provides this guarantee using a network +of lock-based critical sections, memory barriers, and per-CPU +processing, as is described in the following sections. + +<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks"> +Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a></h3> + +<p>The workhorse for RCU's grace-period memory ordering is the +critical section for the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +<tt>->lock</tt>. +These critical sections use helper functions for lock acquisition, including +<tt>raw_spin_lock_rcu_node()</tt>, +<tt>raw_spin_lock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and +<tt>raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node()</tt>. +Their lock-release counterparts are +<tt>raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node()</tt>, +<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and +<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()</tt>, +respectively. +For completeness, a +<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt> +is also provided. +The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including +<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>, all invoke +<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> immediately after successful +acquisition of the lock. + +<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> struction, any access +happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen +by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later +one of the above lock-acquisition functions. +Furthermore, any access happening before one of the +above lock-release function on any given CPU will be seen by all +CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later one +of the above lock-acquisition functions executing on that same CPU, +even if the lock-release and lock-acquisition functions are operating +on different <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures. +Tree RCU uses these two ordering guarantees to form an ordering +network among all CPUs that were in any way involved in the grace +period, including any CPUs that came online or went offline during +the grace period in question. + +<p>The following litmus test exhibits the ordering effects of these +lock-acquisition and lock-release functions: + +<pre> + 1 int x, y, z; + 2 + 3 void task0(void) + 4 { + 5 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); + 6 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1); + 7 r1 = READ_ONCE(y); + 8 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); + 9 } +10 +11 void task1(void) +12 { +13 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); +14 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); +15 r2 = READ_ONCE(z); +16 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); +17 } +18 +19 void task2(void) +20 { +21 WRITE_ONCE(z, 1); +22 smp_mb(); +23 r3 = READ_ONCE(x); +24 } +25 +26 WARN_ON(r1 == 0 && r2 == 0 && r3 == 0); +</pre> + +<p>The <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> is evaluated at “the end of time”, +after all changes have propagated throughout the system. +Without the <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> provided by the +acquisition functions, this <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> could trigger, for example +on PowerPC. +The <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> invocations prevent this +<tt>WARN_ON()</tt> from triggering. + +<p>This approach must be extended to include idle CPUs, which need +RCU's grace-period memory ordering guarantee to extend to any +RCU read-side critical sections preceding and following the current +idle sojourn. +This case is handled by calls to the strongly ordered +<tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> read-modify-write atomic operation that +is invoked within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()</tt> at idle-entry +time and within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()</tt> at idle-exit time. +The grace-period kthread invokes <tt>rcu_dynticks_snap()</tt> and +<tt>rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()</tt> (both of which invoke +an <tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> of zero) to detect idle CPUs. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But what about CPUs that remain offline for the entire + grace period? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Such CPUs will be offline at the beginning of the grace period, + so the grace period won't expect quiescent states from them. + Races between grace-period start and CPU-hotplug operations + are mediated by the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's + <tt>->lock</tt> as described above. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The approach must be extended to handle one final case, that +of waking a task blocked in <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>. +This task might be affinitied to a CPU that is not yet aware that +the grace period has ended, and thus might not yet be subject to +the grace period's memory ordering. +Therefore, there is an <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from +<tt>wait_for_completion()</tt> in the <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> +code path. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + What? Where??? + I don't see any <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from + <tt>wait_for_completion()</tt>!!! +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + That would be because I spotted the need for that + <tt>smp_mb()</tt> during the creation of this documentation, + and it is therefore unlikely to hit mainline before v4.14. + Kudos to Lance Roy, Will Deacon, Peter Zijlstra, and + Jonathan Cameron for asking questions that sensitized me + to the rather elaborate sequence of events that demonstrate + the need for this memory barrier. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Tree RCU's grace--period memory-ordering guarantees rely most +heavily on the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt> +field, so much so that it is necessary to abbreviate this pattern +in the diagrams in the next section. +For example, consider the <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> function +shown below, which is one of several functions that enforce ordering +of newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods: + +<pre> + 1 static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void) + 2 { + 3 bool needwake; + 4 struct rcu_data *rdp; + 5 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks); + 6 struct rcu_node *rnp; + 7 struct rcu_state *rsp; + 8 int tne; + 9 +10 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL) || +11 rcu_is_nocb_cpu(smp_processor_id())) +12 return; +13 tne = READ_ONCE(tick_nohz_active); +14 if (tne != rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap) { +15 if (rcu_cpu_has_callbacks(NULL)) +16 invoke_rcu_core(); +17 rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap = tne; +18 return; +19 } +20 if (!tne) +21 return; +22 if (rdtp->all_lazy && +23 rdtp->nonlazy_posted != rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap) { +24 rdtp->all_lazy = false; +25 rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap = rdtp->nonlazy_posted; +26 invoke_rcu_core(); +27 return; +28 } +29 if (rdtp->last_accelerate == jiffies) +30 return; +31 rdtp->last_accelerate = jiffies; +32 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) { +33 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda); +34 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) +35 continue; +36 rnp = rdp->mynode; +37 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); +38 needwake = rcu_accelerate_cbs(rsp, rnp, rdp); +39 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); +40 if (needwake) +41 rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp); +42 } +43 } +</pre> + +<p>But the only part of <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> that really +matters for this discussion are lines 37–39. +We will therefore abbreviate this function as follows: + +</p><p><img src="rcu_node-lock.svg" alt="rcu_node-lock.svg"> + +<p>The box represents the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt> +critical section, with the double line on top representing the additional +<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt>. + +<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components"> +Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a></h3> + +<p>Tree RCU's grace-period memory-ordering guarantee is provided by +a number of RCU components: + +<ol> +<li> <a href="#Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a> +<li> <a href="#Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a> +<li> <a href="#Self-Reported Quiescent States"> + Self-Reported Quiescent States</a> +<li> <a href="#Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a> +<li> <a href="#CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a> +<li> <a href="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a> +<li> <a href="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a> +<li> <a href="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a> +</ol> + +<p>Each of the following section looks at the corresponding component +in detail. + +<h4><a name="Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a></h4> + +<p>If RCU's grace-period guarantee is to mean anything at all, any +access that happens before a given invocation of <tt>call_rcu()</tt> +must also happen before the corresponding grace period. +The implementation of this portion of RCU's grace period guarantee +is shown in the following figure: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg"> + +<p>Because <tt>call_rcu()</tt> normally acts only on CPU-local state, +it provides no ordering guarantees, either for itself or for +phase one of the update (which again will usually be removal of +an element from an RCU-protected data structure). +It simply enqueues the <tt>rcu_head</tt> structure on a per-CPU list, +which cannot become associated with a grace period until a later +call to <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>, as shown in the diagram above. + +<p>One set of code paths shown on the left invokes +<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via +<tt>note_gp_changes()</tt>, either directly from <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (if +the current CPU is inundated with queued <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures) +or more likely from an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler. +Another code path in the middle is taken only in kernels built with +<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>, which invokes +<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt>. +The final code path on the right is taken only in kernels built with +<tt>CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y</tt>, which invokes +<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via +<tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>, <tt>rcu_migrate_callbacks</tt>, +<tt>rcutree_migrate_callbacks()</tt>, and <tt>takedown_cpu()</tt>, +which in turn is invoked on a surviving CPU after the outgoing +CPU has been completely offlined. + +<p>There are a few other code paths within grace-period processing +that opportunistically invoke <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>. +However, either way, all of the CPU's recently queued <tt>rcu_head</tt> +structures are associated with a future grace-period number under +the protection of the CPU's lead <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +<tt>->lock</tt>. +In all cases, there is full ordering against any prior critical section +for that same <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>, and +also full ordering against any of the current task's or CPU's prior critical +sections for any <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>. + +<p>The next section will show how this ordering ensures that any +accesses prior to the <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (particularly including phase +one of the update) +happen before the start of the corresponding grace period. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But what about <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + The <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> passes <tt>call_rcu()</tt> + to <tt>wait_rcu_gp()</tt>, which invokes it. + So either way, it eventually comes down to <tt>call_rcu()</tt>. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name="Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a></h4> + +<p>Grace-period initialization is carried out by +the grace-period kernel thread, which makes several passes over the +<tt>rcu_node</tt> tree within the <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> function. +This means that showing the full flow of ordering through the +grace-period computation will require duplicating this tree. +If you find this confusing, please note that the state of the +<tt>rcu_node</tt> changes over time, just like Heraclitus's river. +However, to keep the <tt>rcu_node</tt> river tractable, the +grace-period kernel thread's traversals are presented in multiple +parts, starting in this section with the various phases of +grace-period initialization. + +<p>The first ordering-related grace-period initialization action is to +increment the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt> +grace-period-number counter, as shown below: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%"> + +<p>The actual increment is carried out using <tt>smp_store_release()</tt>, +which helps reject false-positive RCU CPU stall detection. +Note that only the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure is touched. + +<p>The first pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree updates bitmasks +based on CPUs having come online or gone offline since the start of +the previous grace period. +In the common case where the number of online CPUs for this <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure has not transitioned to or from zero, +this pass will scan only the leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures. +However, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure has transitioned from zero, +<tt>rcu_init_new_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the first incoming CPU. +Similarly, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure has transitioned to zero, +<tt>rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the last outgoing CPU. +The diagram below shows the path of ordering if the leftmost +<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure onlines its first CPU and if the next +<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs +(or, alternatively if the leftmost <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure offlines +its last CPU and if the next <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs). + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%"> + +<p>The final <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt> +tree traverses breadth-first, setting each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +<tt>->gpnum</tt> field to the newly incremented value from the +<tt>rcu_state</tt> structure, as shown in the following diagram. + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%"> + +<p>This change will also cause each CPU's next call to +<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> +to notice that a new grace period has started, as described in the next +section. +But because the grace-period kthread started the grace period at the +root (with the increment of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's +<tt>->gpnum</tt> field) before setting each leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt> field, each CPU's observation of +the start of the grace period will happen after the actual start +of the grace period. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But what about the CPU that started the grace period? + Why wouldn't it see the start of the grace period right when + it started that grace period? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + In some deep philosophical and overly anthromorphized + sense, yes, the CPU starting the grace period is immediately + aware of having done so. + However, if we instead assume that RCU is not self-aware, + then even the CPU starting the grace period does not really + become aware of the start of this grace period until its + first call to <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>. + On the other hand, this CPU potentially gets early notification + because it invokes <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> during its + last <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through its leaf + <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name="Self-Reported Quiescent States"> +Self-Reported Quiescent States</a></h4> + +<p>When all entities that might block the grace period have reported +quiescent states (or as described in a later section, had quiescent +states reported on their behalf), the grace period can end. +Online non-idle CPUs report their own quiescent states, as shown +in the following diagram: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-qs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-qs.svg" width="75%"> + +<p>This is for the last CPU to report a quiescent state, which signals +the end of the grace period. +Earlier quiescent states would push up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree +only until they encountered an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that +is waiting for additional quiescent states. +However, ordering is nevertheless preserved because some later quiescent +state will acquire that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>. + +<p>Any number of events can lead up to a CPU invoking +<tt>note_gp_changes</tt> (or alternatively, directly invoking +<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>), at which point that CPU will notice +the start of a new grace period while holding its leaf +<tt>rcu_node</tt> lock. +Therefore, all execution shown in this diagram happens after the +start of the grace period. +In addition, this CPU will consider any RCU read-side critical +section that started before the invocation of <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> +to have started before the grace period, and thus a critical +section that the grace period must wait on. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But a RCU read-side critical section might have started + after the beginning of the grace period + (the <tt>->gpnum++</tt> from earlier), so why should + the grace period wait on such a critical section? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + It is indeed not necessary for the grace period to wait on such + a critical section. + However, it is permissible to wait on it. + And it is furthermore important to wait on it, as this + lazy approach is far more scalable than a “big bang” + all-at-once grace-period start could possibly be. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>If the CPU does a context switch, a quiescent state will be +noted by <tt>rcu_node_context_switch()</tt> on the left. +On the other hand, if the CPU takes a scheduler-clock interrupt +while executing in usermode, a quiescent state will be noted by +<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on the right. +Either way, the passage through a quiescent state will be noted +in a per-CPU variable. + +<p>The next time an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler executes on +this CPU (for example, after the next scheduler-clock +interrupt), <tt>__rcu_process_callbacks()</tt> will invoke +<tt>rcu_check_quiescent_state()</tt>, which will notice the +recorded quiescent state, and invoke +<tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt>. +If <tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt> verifies that the quiescent state +really does apply to the current grace period, it invokes +<tt>rcu_report_rnp()</tt> which traverses up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> +tree as shown at the bottom of the diagram, clearing bits from +each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field, +and propagating up the tree when the result is zero. + +<p>Note that traversal passes upwards out of a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure only if the current CPU is reporting the last quiescent +state for the subtree headed by that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure. +A key point is that if a CPU's traversal stops at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure, then there will be a later traversal by another CPU +(or perhaps the same one) that proceeds upwards +from that point, and the <tt>rcu_node</tt> <tt>->lock</tt> +guarantees that the first CPU's quiescent state happens before the +remainder of the second CPU's traversal. +Applying this line of thought repeatedly shows that all CPUs' +quiescent states happen before the last CPU traverses through +the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, the “last CPU” +being the one that clears the last bit in the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field. + +<h4><a name="Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a></h4> + +<p>Due to energy-efficiency considerations, RCU is forbidden from +disturbing idle CPUs. +CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU when entering or leaving idle +state, which they do via fully ordered value-returning atomic operations +on a per-CPU variable. +The ordering effects are as shown below: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" alt="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" width="50%"> + +<p>The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples the per-CPU idleness +variable while holding the corresponding CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure's <tt>->lock</tt>. +This means that any RCU read-side critical sections that precede the +idle period (the oval near the top of the diagram above) will happen +before the end of the current grace period. +Similarly, the beginning of the current grace period will happen before +any RCU read-side critical sections that follow the +idle period (the oval near the bottom of the diagram above). + +<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described +<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>. + +<h4><a name="CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a></h4> + +<p>RCU is also forbidden from disturbing offline CPUs, which might well +be powered off and removed from the system completely. +CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU of their comings and goings +as part of the corresponding CPU hotplug operations. +The ordering effects are shown below: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" alt="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" width="50%"> + +<p>Because CPU hotplug operations are much less frequent than idle transitions, +they are heavier weight, and thus acquire the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure's <tt>->lock</tt> and update this structure's +<tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt>. +The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples this mask to detect CPUs +having gone offline since the beginning of this grace period. + +<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described +<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>. + +<h4><a name="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a></h4> + +<p>As noted above, idle and offline CPUs cannot report their own +quiescent states, and therefore the grace-period kernel thread +must do the reporting on their behalf. +This process is called “forcing quiescent states”, it is +repeated every few jiffies, and its ordering effects are shown below: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" width="100%"> + +<p>Each pass of quiescent state forcing is guaranteed to traverse the +leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures, and if there are no new quiescent +states due to recently idled and/or offlined CPUs, then only the +leaves are traversed. +However, if there is a newly offlined CPU as illustrated on the left +or a newly idled CPU as illustrated on the right, the corresponding +quiescent state will be driven up towards the root. +As with self-reported quiescent states, the upwards driving stops +once it reaches an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that has quiescent +states outstanding from other CPUs. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + The leftmost drive to root stopped before it reached + the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, which means that + there are still CPUs subordinate to that structure on + which the current grace period is waiting. + Given that, how is it possible that the rightmost drive + to root ended the grace period? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Good analysis! + It is in fact impossible in the absence of bugs in RCU. + But this diagram is complex enough as it is, so simplicity + overrode accuracy. + You can think of it as poetic license, or you can think of + it as misdirection that is resolved in the + <a href="#Putting It All Together">stitched-together diagram</a>. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a></h4> + +<p>Grace-period cleanup first scans the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree +breadth-first setting all the <tt>->completed</tt> fields equal +to the number of the newly completed grace period, then it sets +the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field, +again to the number of the newly completed grace period. +The ordering effects are shown below: + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" width="75%"> + +<p>As indicated by the oval at the bottom of the diagram, once +grace-period cleanup is complete, the next grace period can begin. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But when precisely does the grace period end? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + There is no useful single point at which the grace period + can be said to end. + The earliest reasonable candidate is as soon as the last + CPU has reported its quiescent state, but it may be some + milliseconds before RCU becomes aware of this. + The latest reasonable candidate is once the <tt>rcu_state</tt> + structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated, + but it is quite possible that some CPUs have already completed + phase two of their updates by that time. + In short, if you are going to work with RCU, you need to + learn to embrace uncertainty. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + + +<h4><a name="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a></h4> + +<p>Once a given CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +<tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated, that CPU can begin +invoking its RCU callbacks that were waiting for this grace period +to end. +These callbacks are identified by <tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>, +which is usually invoked by <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>. +As shown in the diagram below, this invocation can be triggered by +the scheduling-clock interrupt (<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on +the left) or by idle entry (<tt>rcu_cleanup_after_idle()</tt> on +the right, but only for kernels build with +<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>). +Either way, <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> is raised, which results in +<tt>rcu_do_batch()</tt> invoking the callbacks, which in turn +allows those callbacks to carry out (either directly or indirectly +via wakeup) the needed phase-two processing for each update. + +</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" width="60%"> + +<p>Please note that callback invocation can also be prompted by any +number of corner-case code paths, for example, when a CPU notes that +it has excessive numbers of callbacks queued. +In all cases, the CPU acquires its leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +<tt>->lock</tt> before invoking callbacks, which preserves the +required ordering against the newly completed grace period. + +<p>However, if the callback function communicates to other CPUs, +for example, doing a wakeup, then it is that function's responsibility +to maintain ordering. +For example, if the callback function wakes up a task that runs on +some other CPU, proper ordering must in place in both the callback +function and the task being awakened. +To see why this is important, consider the top half of the +<a href="#Grace-Period Cleanup">grace-period cleanup</a> diagram. +The callback might be running on a CPU corresponding to the leftmost +leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and awaken a task that is to run on +a CPU corresponding to the rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, +and the grace-period kernel thread might not yet have reached the +rightmost leaf. +In this case, the grace period's memory ordering might not yet have +reached that CPU, so again the callback function and the awakened +task must supply proper ordering. + +<h3><a name="Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a></h3> + +<p>A stitched-together diagram is +<a href="Tree-RCU-Diagram.html">here</a>. + +<h3><a name="Legal Statement"> +Legal Statement</a></h3> + +<p>This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily +represent the view of IBM. + +</p><p>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. + +</p><p>Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or +service marks of others. + +</body></html> diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..832408313d93 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!-- Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 5e --> + +<!-- CreationDate: Wed Dec 9 17:35:03 2015 --> + +<!-- Magnification: 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font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-4" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier">->qsmaskinit</text> + </g> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812813px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="M 4762.4482,23358.047 4179.45,24223.141" + id="path3414-4" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812813px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="m 7571.23,23358.309 582.9982,865.094" + id="path3414-9-3" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812813px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="m 2811.8152,25571.224 -582.9982,865.094" + id="path3414-8-0" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812717px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="m 9556.8622,25571.486 582.9988,865.094" + id="path3414-9-4-7" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812717px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="m 4228.3115,25571.224 0,846.288" + id="path3414-8-3-8" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" + sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" /> + <path + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:13.29812717px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;marker-end:url(#Arrow2Lend)" + d="m 8105.2867,25597.82 0,846.288" + id="path3414-8-3-6-6" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" + sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" /> + <rect + ry="0" + id="rect118-1" + 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style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier" + id="text202-7-2-7" + font-size="192" + font-weight="bold" + font-style="normal" + y="22120.592" + x="1530.812" + xml:space="preserve">rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()</text> + <text + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier" + id="text202-7-2-7-6" + font-size="192" + font-weight="bold" + font-style="normal" + y="22389.539" + x="1533.6567" + xml:space="preserve" + sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;text-align:start;line-height:125%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;font-family:Liberation Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:Liberation Sans" + id="tspan3327">(optional)</tspan></text> + <g + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in" + 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style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier" + sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan + style="font-size:159.57754517px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;text-align:start;line-height:125%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;font-family:Liberation Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:Liberation Sans" + id="tspan3104-6-5-6">Root</tspan></text> + <text + xml:space="preserve" + x="3305.5364" + y="13490.509" + font-style="normal" + font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-5-89" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier">->qsmaskinitnext</text> + </g> + <path + sodipodi:nodetypes="cccccccccccccccccccccccc" + inkscape:connector-curvature="0" + id="path3134-9-0-3-10" + d="m 6187.9943,28881.474 -2.8275,2480.757 -2316.0141,-1.687 -2.8276,2179.854 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id="tspan3104-6-5-1">Root</tspan></text> + </g> + <g + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in" + transform="translate(1618.6352,17224.992)" + id="g3147-1"> + <g + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in" + id="g3107-6-1" + transform="translate(3054.6101,13760.052)"> + <rect + id="rect112-7-5" + style="stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1370.8721" + width="2809.1992" + y="949.37109" + x="2084.55" /> + <rect + id="rect112-3-5-9" + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1294.8468" + width="2809.1992" + y="1025.3964" + x="2084.55" /> + </g> + <text + xml:space="preserve" + x="5392.3345" + y="15407.104" + font-style="normal" + font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-6-7" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier">->gpnum = rsp->gpnum</text> + </g> + <g + 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id="rect112-3-5-2-8-8" + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1294.8468" + width="2809.1992" + y="1025.3964" + x="2084.55" /> + </g> + <text + xml:space="preserve" + x="9717.4141" + y="18269.314" + font-style="normal" + font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-7-5-1-2-3-7-35-7-7-8" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier" + sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan + style="font-size:159.57754517px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;text-align:start;line-height:125%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;font-family:Liberation Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:Liberation Sans" + id="tspan3104-6-5-6-0-9-5">Leaf</tspan></text> + </g> + <g + transform="translate(-4195.7673,17188.625)" + id="g3153-20-0" + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in"> + <g + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in" + id="g3107-6-9-2-9" + transform="translate(5213.0126,16008.808)"> + <rect + id="rect112-7-1-3-6" + style="stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1370.8721" + width="2809.1992" + y="949.37109" + x="2084.55" /> + <rect + id="rect112-3-5-2-7-38" + style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1294.8468" + width="2809.1992" + y="1025.3964" + x="2084.55" /> + </g> + <text + xml:space="preserve" + x="9717.4141" + y="18269.314" + font-style="normal" + font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-7-5-1-2-3-7-35-7-5-5" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier" + sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan + style="font-size:159.57754517px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;text-align:start;line-height:125%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;font-family:Liberation Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:Liberation Sans" + id="tspan3104-6-5-6-0-92-6">Leaf</tspan></text> + <text + xml:space="preserve" + x="7520.1294" + y="17673.639" + font-style="normal" + font-weight="bold" + font-size="192" + id="text202-35" + style="font-size:192px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.025in;font-family:Courier">->gpnum = rsp->gpnum</text> + </g> + <g + transform="translate(-7528.5085,17188.625)" + id="g3153-28-1" + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in"> + <g + style="fill:none;stroke-width:0.025in" + id="g3107-6-9-9-1" + transform="translate(5213.0126,16008.808)"> + <rect + id="rect112-7-1-7-59" + style="stroke:#000000;stroke-width:30;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter" + rx="0" + height="1370.8721" + 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using a console connection that is too slow to o Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running. This can result in the "All QSes seen" console-log message. This message will include information on when the kthread last - ran and how often it should be expected to run. + ran and how often it should be expected to run. It can also + result in the "rcu_.*kthread starved for" console-log message, + which will include additional debugging information. o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT kernel, which might happen to preempt a low-priority task in the middle of an RCU @@ -60,6 +62,20 @@ o A CPU-bound real-time task in a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT kernel that CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU case, you might see stall-warning messages. +o A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time + interval between successive pairs of interrupts. This can + prevent RCU's kthreads and softirq handlers from running. + Note that certain high-overhead debugging options, for example + the function_graph tracer, can result in interrupt handler taking + considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in + RCU CPU stall warnings. + +o Testing a workload on a fast system, tuning the stall-warning + timeout down to just barely avoid RCU CPU stall warnings, and then + running the same workload with the same stall-warning timeout on a + slow system. Note that thermal throttling and on-demand governors + can cause a single system to be sometimes fast and sometimes slow! + o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock interrupt on a CPU that is not in dyntick-idle mode. This problem really has happened, and seems to be most likely to @@ -155,67 +171,32 @@ Interpreting RCU's CPU Stall-Detector "Splats" For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that it is stalling, it will print a message similar to the following: -INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=2500 jiffies) - -This message indicates that CPU 5 detected that it was causing a stall, -and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be -followed by a stack dump of the offending CPU. On TREE_RCU kernel builds, -RCU and RCU-sched are implemented by the same underlying mechanism, -while on PREEMPT_RCU kernel builds, RCU is instead implemented -by rcu_preempt_state. - -On the other hand, if the offending CPU fails to print out a stall-warning -message quickly enough, some other CPU will print a message similar to -the following: - -INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 3 5 } (detected by 2, 2502 jiffies) + INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: + 2-...: (3 GPs behind) idle=06c/0/0 softirq=1453/1455 fqs=0 + 16-...: (0 ticks this GP) idle=81c/0/0 softirq=764/764 fqs=0 + (detected by 32, t=2603 jiffies, g=7073, c=7072, q=625) -This message indicates that CPU 2 detected that CPUs 3 and 5 were both -causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-bh. This message +This message indicates that CPU 32 detected that CPUs 2 and 16 were both +causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that -PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, -and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". -It is even possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both -CPUs -and- tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all -be called out in the list. - -Finally, if the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts -printing, there will be a spurious stall-warning message: - -INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { } (detected by 4, 2502 jiffies) - -This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also -possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending -on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to -interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this -sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(), -which is overkill for this sort of problem. - -Recent kernels will print a long form of the stall-warning message: - - INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU - 0: (63959 ticks this GP) idle=241/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 - (t=65000 jiffies) - -In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed: - - INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU - 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D - (t=65000 jiffies) +PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that +the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even +possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and- +tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called +out in the list. -The "(64628 ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has taken more -than 64,000 scheduling-clock interrupts during the current stalled -grace period. If the CPU was not yet aware of the current grace -period (for example, if it was offline), then this part of the message -indicates how many grace periods behind the CPU is. +CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with +the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0 +ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has not taken any scheduling-clock +interrupts during the current stalled grace period. The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state. The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 12 bits of the -dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU is -in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex -number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will -be a small positive number if in the idle loop and a very large positive -number (as shown above) otherwise. +dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU +is in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex +number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will be +a small non-negative number if in the idle loop (as shown above) and a +very large positive number otherwise. The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/" @@ -230,24 +211,72 @@ handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler. -For CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ kernels, the "last_accelerate:" prints the -low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the jiffies counter when this CPU last -invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs() from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked -rcu_accelerate_cbs() from rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" -prints the number of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to -rcu_needs_cpu(). Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently -no non-lazy callbacks ("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and -"D" indicates that dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed -otherwise, for example, if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter). +The "fps=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline +detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this +CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace +period. + +The "detected by" line indicates which CPU detected the stall (in this +case, CPU 32), how many jiffies have elapsed since the start of the +grace period (in this case 2603), the number of the last grace period +to start and to complete (7073 and 7072, respectively), and an estimate +of the total number of RCU callbacks queued across all CPUs (625 in +this case). + +In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed +for each CPU: + + 0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D + +The "last_accelerate:" prints the low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the +jiffies counter when this CPU last invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs() +from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked rcu_accelerate_cbs() from +rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" prints the number +of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to rcu_needs_cpu(). +Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently no non-lazy callbacks +("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and "D" indicates that +dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed otherwise, for example, +if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter). + +If the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts printing, +there will be a spurious stall-warning message, which will include +the following: + + INFO: Stall ended before state dump start + +This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also +possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending +on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to +interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this +sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(), +which is overkill for this sort of problem. + +If all CPUs and tasks have passed through quiescent states, but the +grace period has nevertheless failed to end, the stall-warning splat +will include something like the following: + + All QSes seen, last rcu_preempt kthread activity 23807 (4297905177-4297881370), jiffies_till_next_fqs=3, root ->qsmask 0x0 + +The "23807" indicates that it has been more than 23 thousand jiffies +since the grace-period kthread ran. The "jiffies_till_next_fqs" +indicates how frequently that kthread should run, giving the number +of jiffies between force-quiescent-state scans, in this case three, +which is way less than 23807. Finally, the root rcu_node structure's +->qsmask field is printed, which will normally be zero. If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to -the stall warning, the following additional line is printed: +the stall warning, as was the case in the "All QSes seen" line above, +the following additional line is printed: - rcu_preempt kthread starved for 2023 jiffies! + kthread starved for 23807 jiffies! g7073 c7072 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(3) ->state=0x1 -Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result in -RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed through -the required quiescent states. +Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result +in RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed +through the required quiescent states. The "g" and "c" numbers flag the +number of the last grace period started and completed, respectively, +the "f" precedes the ->gp_flags command to the grace-period kthread, +the "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS" indicates that the kthread is waiting for a short +timeout, and the "state" precedes value of the task_struct ->state field. Multiple Warnings From One Stall @@ -264,13 +293,28 @@ Stall Warnings for Expedited Grace Periods If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message like the following in dmesg: - INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs: { 1 2 6 } 26009 jiffies s: 1043 - -This indicates that CPUs 1, 2, and 6 have failed to respond to a -reschedule IPI, that the expedited grace period has been going on for -26,009 jiffies, and that the expedited grace-period sequence counter is -1043. The fact that this last value is odd indicates that an expedited -grace period is in flight. + INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-... } 21119 jiffies s: 73 root: 0x2/. + +This indicates that CPU 7 has failed to respond to a reschedule IPI. +The three periods (".") following the CPU number indicate that the CPU +is online (otherwise the first period would instead have been "O"), +that the CPU was online at the beginning of the expedited grace period +(otherwise the second period would have instead been "o"), and that +the CPU has been online at least once since boot (otherwise, the third +period would instead have been "N"). The number before the "jiffies" +indicates that the expedited grace period has been going on for 21,119 +jiffies. The number following the "s:" indicates that the expedited +grace-period sequence counter is 73. The fact that this last value is +odd indicates that an expedited grace period is in flight. The number +following "root:" is a bitmask that indicates which children of the root +rcu_node structure correspond to CPUs and/or tasks that are blocking the +current expedited grace period. If the tree had more than one level, +additional hex numbers would be printed for the states of the other +rcu_node structures in the tree. + +As with normal grace periods, PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by +tasks as well as by CPUs, and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, +for example, "P3421". It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from -expedited grace periods at about the same time from the same run. +expedited grace periods at about the same time during the same run. diff --git a/Documentation/acpi/lpit.txt b/Documentation/acpi/lpit.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b426398d2e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/acpi/lpit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +To enumerate platform Low Power Idle states, Intel platforms are using +“Low Power Idle Table” (LPIT). More details about this table can be +downloaded from: +http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/Intel_ACPI_Low_Power_S0_Idle.pdf + +Residencies for each low power state can be read via FFH +(Function fixed hardware) or a memory mapped interface. + +On platforms supporting S0ix sleep states, there can be two types of +residencies: +- CPU PKG C10 (Read via FFH interface) +- Platform Controller Hub (PCH) SLP_S0 (Read via memory mapped interface) + +The following attributes are added dynamically to the cpuidle +sysfs attribute group: + /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/low_power_idle_cpu_residency_us + /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/low_power_idle_system_residency_us + +The "low_power_idle_cpu_residency_us" attribute shows time spent +by the CPU package in PKG C10 + +The "low_power_idle_system_residency_us" attribute shows SLP_S0 +residency, or system time spent with the SLP_S0# signal asserted. +This is the lowest possible system power state, achieved only when CPU is in +PKG C10 and all functional blocks in PCH are in a low power state. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst index b5343c5aa224..63066db39910 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If something goes wrong help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information - on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst + on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst - If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump as is, otherwise you will have to use the ``ksymoops`` program to make diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst index 08c4b1308189..f278b289e260 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ In order to report it upstream, you should identify the mailing list used for the development of the affected code. This can be done by using the ``get_maintainer.pl`` script. -For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's conex.c file, you can get +For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's sonixj.c file, you can get their maintainers with:: $ ./scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f drivers/media/usb/gspca/sonixj.c @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Please notice that it will point to: Tejun and Bhaktipriya (in this specific case, none really envolved on the development of this file); - The driver maintainer (Hans Verkuil); -- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab) +- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab); - The driver and/or subsystem mailing list (linux-media@vger.kernel.org); - the Linux Kernel mailing list (linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org). @@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ Fixing the bug -------------- If you know programming, you could help us by not only reporting the bug, -but also providing us with a solution. After all open source is about +but also providing us with a solution. After all, open source is about sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for your genius? If you decide to take this way, once you have worked out a fix please submit it upstream. Please do read -ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though +:ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though to help your code get accepted. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt index 05496622b4ef..b74e13312fdc 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT Format: <a>,<b> - See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt + See also Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards) bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as kernel args too. - bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options + bttv.pll= See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst bttv.tuner= bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries @@ -641,8 +641,8 @@ For now, only VisioBraille is supported. consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in - seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0 - disables the blank timer. + seconds. A value of 0 disables the blank timer. + Defaults to 0. coredump_filter= [KNL] Change the default value for @@ -709,6 +709,9 @@ It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used or memory reserved is below 4G. + crossrelease_fullstack + [KNL] Allow to record full stack trace in cross-release + cryptomgr.notests [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests @@ -724,7 +727,7 @@ db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port (one device per port) Format: <port#>,<type> - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot time. See @@ -1220,7 +1223,7 @@ [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port) Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5> - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst gamma= [HW,DRM] @@ -1713,6 +1716,13 @@ irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + irqchip.gicv2_force_probe= + [ARM, ARM64] + Format: <bool> + Force the kernel to look for the second 4kB page + of a GICv2 controller even if the memory range + exposed by the device tree is too small. + irqfixup [HW] When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken @@ -1727,20 +1737,33 @@ isapnp= [ISAPNP] Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity> - isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler. - The argument is a cpu list, as described above. + isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate a given set of CPUs from disturbance. + [Deprecated - use cpusets instead] + Format: [flag-list,]<cpu-list> + + Specify one or more CPUs to isolate from disturbances + specified in the flag list (default: domain): + + nohz + Disable the tick when a single task runs. + domain + Isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling + algorithms. Note that performing domain isolation this way + is irreversible: it's not possible to bring back a CPU to + the domains once isolated through isolcpus. It's strongly + advised to use cpusets instead to disable scheduler load + balancing through the "cpuset.sched_load_balance" file. + It offers a much more flexible interface where CPUs can + move in and out of an isolated set anytime. + + You can move a process onto or off an "isolated" CPU via + the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset. + <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is + "number of CPUs in system - 1". + + The format of <cpu-list> is described above. - This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs - to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling - algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an - "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset. - <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is - "number of CPUs in system - 1". - This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The - alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all - tasks in the system -- can cause problems and - suboptimal load balancer performance. iucv= [HW,NET] @@ -1766,7 +1789,7 @@ ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick - See Documentation/input/joystick.txt. + See Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst. nokaslr [KNL] When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables @@ -2248,10 +2271,10 @@ s2idle - Suspend-To-Idle shallow - Power-On Suspend or equivalent (if supported) deep - Suspend-To-RAM or equivalent (if supported) - See Documentation/power/states.txt. + See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst. meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters - See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt. + See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/meye.rst. mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode @@ -2548,6 +2571,9 @@ noalign [KNL,ARM] + noaltinstr [S390] Disables alternative instructions patching + (CPU alternatives feature). + noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any IOAPICs that may be present in the system. @@ -3134,7 +3160,7 @@ plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 } - See also Documentation/parport.txt. + See also Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst. pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port. Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value. @@ -3539,6 +3565,9 @@ rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL] Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall. + rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff= [KNL] + Disable interrupts while stalling if set. + rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL] Time (s) between statistics printk()s. @@ -3885,6 +3914,12 @@ [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics. Format: <integer> + A nonzero value instructs the soft-lockup detector + to panic the machine when a soft-lockup occurs. This + is also controlled by CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC + which is the respective build-time switch to that + functionality. + softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate backtraces on all cpus. @@ -4194,12 +4229,15 @@ Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting can add overhead. + [x86] unstable: mark the TSC clocksource as unstable, this + marks the TSC unconditionally unstable at bootup and + avoids any further wobbles once the TSC watchdog notices. turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY] TurboGraFX parallel port interface Format: <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7> - See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt + See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that happen after console_init() and before a proper diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst index 26b60b419652..4650edb8840a 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-bugs.rst @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ step-by-step instructions for how a user can trigger the bug. If the failure includes an "OOPS:", take a picture of the screen, capture a netconsole trace, or type the message from your screen into the bug -report. Please read "Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst" before posting your +report. Please read "Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst" before posting your bug report. This explains what you should do with the "Oops" information to make it useful to the recipient. @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ summary from [1.]>" for easy identification by the developers:: [4.2.] Kernel .config file: [5.] Most recent kernel version which did not have the bug: [6.] Output of Oops.. message (if applicable) with symbolic information - resolved (see Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst) + resolved (see Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst) [7.] A small shell script or example program which triggers the problem (if possible) [8.] Environment diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt index 66e8ce14d23d..304bf22bb83c 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt +++ b/Documentation/arm64/silicon-errata.txt @@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ stable kernels. | | | | | | Hisilicon | Hip0{5,6,7} | #161010101 | HISILICON_ERRATUM_161010101 | | Hisilicon | Hip0{6,7} | #161010701 | N/A | +| Hisilicon | Hip07 | #161600802 | HISILICON_ERRATUM_161600802 | | | | | | | Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1003 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1003 | | Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1009 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1009 | diff --git a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt index 9490f2845f06..86927029a52d 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/biodoc.txt @@ -216,10 +216,9 @@ may need to abort DMA operations and revert to PIO for the transfer, in which case a virtual mapping of the page is required. For SCSI it is also done in some scenarios where the low level driver cannot be trusted to handle a single sg entry correctly. The driver is expected to perform the -kmaps as needed on such occasions using the __bio_kmap_atomic and bio_kmap_irq -routines as appropriate. A driver could also use the blk_queue_bounce() -routine on its own to bounce highmem i/o to low memory for specific requests -if so desired. +kmaps as needed on such occasions as appropriate. A driver could also use +the blk_queue_bounce() routine on its own to bounce highmem i/o to low +memory for specific requests if so desired. iii. The i/o scheduler algorithm itself can be replaced/set as appropriate @@ -1137,8 +1136,8 @@ use dma_map_sg for scatter gather) to be able to ship it to the driver. For PIO drivers (or drivers that need to revert to PIO transfer once in a while (IDE for example)), where the CPU is doing the actual data transfer a virtual mapping is needed. If the driver supports highmem I/O, -(Sec 1.1, (ii) ) it needs to use __bio_kmap_atomic and bio_kmap_irq to -temporarily map a bio into the virtual address space. +(Sec 1.1, (ii) ) it needs to use kmap_atomic or similar to temporarily map +a bio into the virtual address space. 8. Prior/Related/Impacted patches diff --git a/Documentation/block/null_blk.txt b/Documentation/block/null_blk.txt index 3140dbd860d8..733927a7b501 100644 --- a/Documentation/block/null_blk.txt +++ b/Documentation/block/null_blk.txt @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ gb=[Size in GB]: Default: 250GB bs=[Block size (in bytes)]: Default: 512 bytes The block size reported to the system. -nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 2 +nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 1 Number of block devices instantiated. They are instantiated as /dev/nullb0, etc. @@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ irqmode=[0-2]: Default: 1-Soft-irq 2: Timer: Waits a specific period (completion_nsec) for each IO before completion. -completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10.000ns +completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10,000ns Combined with irqmode=2 (timer). The time each completion event must wait. -submit_queues=[0..nr_cpus]: +submit_queues=[1..nr_cpus]: The number of submission queues attached to the device driver. If unset, it - defaults to 1 on single-queue and bio-based instances. For multi-queue, - it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module parameter is 1. + defaults to 1. For multi-queue, it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module + parameter is 1. hw_queue_depth=[0..qdepth]: Default: 64 The hardware queue depth of the device. @@ -73,3 +73,12 @@ use_per_node_hctx=[0/1]: Default: 0 use_lightnvm=[0/1]: Default: 0 Register device with LightNVM. Requires blk-mq and CONFIG_NVM to be enabled. + +no_sched=[0/1]: Default: 0 + 0: nullb* use default blk-mq io scheduler. + 1: nullb* doesn't use io scheduler. + +shared_tags=[0/1]: Default: 0 + 0: Tag set is not shared. + 1: Tag set shared between devices for blk-mq. Only makes sense with + nr_devices > 1, otherwise there's no tag set to share. diff --git a/Documentation/cdrom/ide-cd b/Documentation/cdrom/ide-cd index f4dc9de2694e..a5f2a7f1ff46 100644 --- a/Documentation/cdrom/ide-cd +++ b/Documentation/cdrom/ide-cd @@ -55,13 +55,9 @@ This driver provides the following features: (to compile support as a module which can be loaded and unloaded) to the options: - Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support + ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support - and `no' to - - Use old disk-only driver on primary interface - Depending on what type of IDE interface you have, you may need to specify additional configuration options. See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst b/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst index 8282099e0cbf..2d9da6c40a4d 100644 --- a/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst +++ b/Documentation/core-api/kernel-api.rst @@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ The Linux Kernel API ==================== -Data Types -========== -Doubly Linked Lists -------------------- +List Management Functions +========================= .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/list.h :internal: @@ -56,11 +54,26 @@ Bitmap Operations ----------------- .. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c + :doc: bitmap introduction + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h + :doc: declare bitmap + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h + :doc: bitmap overview + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h + :doc: bitmap bitops + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c :export: .. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c :internal: +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h + :internal: + Command-line Parsing -------------------- @@ -70,13 +83,16 @@ Command-line Parsing CRC Functions ------------- +.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc4.c + :export: + .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc7.c :export: -.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc16.c +.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc8.c :export: -.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-itu-t.c +.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc16.c :export: .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc32.c @@ -84,6 +100,9 @@ CRC Functions .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-ccitt.c :export: +.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-itu-t.c + :export: + idr/ida Functions ----------------- @@ -96,6 +115,30 @@ idr/ida Functions .. kernel-doc:: lib/idr.c :export: +Math Functions in Linux +======================= + +Base 2 log and power Functions +------------------------------ + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/log2.h + :internal: + +Division Functions +------------------ + +.. kernel-doc:: include/asm-generic/div64.h + :functions: do_div + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/math64.h + :internal: + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/div64.c + :functions: div_s64_rem div64_u64_rem div64_u64 div64_s64 + +.. kernel-doc:: lib/gcd.c + :export: + Memory Management in Linux ========================== @@ -352,44 +395,30 @@ Read-Copy Update (RCU) ---------------------- .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcupdate.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcupdate_wait.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcutree.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree.c - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/update.c - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/srcu.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/srcutree.c - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist_bl.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rculist_nulls.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/rcu_sync.h - :external: .. kernel-doc:: kernel/rcu/sync.c - :external: diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst b/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst index 3943b5bfa8cf..00a5ba51e63f 100644 --- a/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst +++ b/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst @@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ up. Although MT wq wasted a lot of resource, the level of concurrency provided was unsatisfactory. The limitation was common to both ST and MT wq albeit less severe on MT. Each wq maintained its own separate -worker pool. A MT wq could provide only one execution context per CPU -while a ST wq one for the whole system. Work items had to compete for +worker pool. An MT wq could provide only one execution context per CPU +while an ST wq one for the whole system. Work items had to compete for those very limited execution contexts leading to various problems including proneness to deadlocks around the single execution context. @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Application Programming Interface (API) ``alloc_workqueue()`` allocates a wq. The original ``create_*workqueue()`` functions are deprecated and scheduled for -removal. ``alloc_workqueue()`` takes three arguments - @``name``, +removal. ``alloc_workqueue()`` takes three arguments - ``@name``, ``@flags`` and ``@max_active``. ``@name`` is the name of the wq and also used as the name of the rescuer thread if there is one. @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ resources, scheduled and executed. served by worker threads with elevated nice level. Note that normal and highpri worker-pools don't interact with - each other. Each maintain its separate pool of workers and + each other. Each maintains its separate pool of workers and implements concurrency management among its workers. ``WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE`` @@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ unbound worker-pools and only one work item could be active at any given time thus achieving the same ordering property as ST wq. In the current implementation the above configuration only guarantees -ST behavior within a given NUMA node. Instead alloc_ordered_queue should -be used to achieve system wide ST behavior. +ST behavior within a given NUMA node. Instead ``alloc_ordered_queue()`` should +be used to achieve system-wide ST behavior. Example Execution Scenarios diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt index 2bbe207354ed..a873855c811d 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt @@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ Freq_i to Freq_j. Freq_i is in descending order with increasing rows and Freq_j is in descending order with increasing columns. The output here also contains the actual freq values for each row and column for better readability. +If the transition table is bigger than PAGE_SIZE, reading this will +return an -EFBIG error. + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <mysystem>:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/stats # cat trans_table From : To diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt index 03a7cee6ac73..c15e75386a05 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt @@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ cpufreq-stats.txt - General description of sysfs cpufreq stats. index.txt - File index, Mailing list and Links (this document) -intel-pstate.txt - Intel pstate cpufreq driver specific file. - pcc-cpufreq.txt - PCC cpufreq driver specific file. diff --git a/Documentation/crypto/api-samples.rst b/Documentation/crypto/api-samples.rst index 2531948db89f..006827e30d06 100644 --- a/Documentation/crypto/api-samples.rst +++ b/Documentation/crypto/api-samples.rst @@ -7,59 +7,27 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation :: - struct tcrypt_result { - struct completion completion; - int err; - }; - /* tie all data structures together */ struct skcipher_def { struct scatterlist sg; struct crypto_skcipher *tfm; struct skcipher_request *req; - struct tcrypt_result result; + struct crypto_wait wait; }; - /* Callback function */ - static void test_skcipher_cb(struct crypto_async_request *req, int error) - { - struct tcrypt_result *result = req->data; - - if (error == -EINPROGRESS) - return; - result->err = error; - complete(&result->completion); - pr_info("Encryption finished successfully\n"); - } - /* Perform cipher operation */ static unsigned int test_skcipher_encdec(struct skcipher_def *sk, int enc) { - int rc = 0; + int rc; if (enc) - rc = crypto_skcipher_encrypt(sk->req); + rc = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_encrypt(sk->req), &sk->wait); else - rc = crypto_skcipher_decrypt(sk->req); - - switch (rc) { - case 0: - break; - case -EINPROGRESS: - case -EBUSY: - rc = wait_for_completion_interruptible( - &sk->result.completion); - if (!rc && !sk->result.err) { - reinit_completion(&sk->result.completion); - break; - } - default: - pr_info("skcipher encrypt returned with %d result %d\n", - rc, sk->result.err); - break; - } - init_completion(&sk->result.completion); + rc = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_decrypt(sk->req), &sk->wait); + + if (rc) + pr_info("skcipher encrypt returned with result %d\n", rc); return rc; } @@ -89,8 +57,8 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation } skcipher_request_set_callback(req, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG, - test_skcipher_cb, - &sk.result); + crypto_req_done, + &sk.wait); /* AES 256 with random key */ get_random_bytes(&key, 32); @@ -122,7 +90,7 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation /* We encrypt one block */ sg_init_one(&sk.sg, scratchpad, 16); skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &sk.sg, &sk.sg, 16, ivdata); - init_completion(&sk.result.completion); + crypto_init_wait(&sk.wait); /* encrypt data */ ret = test_skcipher_encdec(&sk, 1); diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/coccinelle.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/coccinelle.rst index 4a64b4c69d3f..37e474ff6911 100644 --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/coccinelle.rst +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/coccinelle.rst @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ err.log will now have the profiling information, while stdout will provide some progress information as Coccinelle moves forward with work. -DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.2. +DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.0.2. .cocciconfig support -------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst index ebd03d11d2c2..e80850eefe13 100644 --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst @@ -31,6 +31,17 @@ To build and run the tests with a single command, use:: Note that some tests will require root privileges. +Build and run from user specific object directory (make O=dir):: + + $ make O=/tmp/kselftest kselftest + +Build and run KBUILD_OUTPUT directory (make KBUILD_OUTPUT=):: + + $ make KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/kselftest kselftest + +The above commands run the tests and print pass/fail summary to make it +easier to understand the test results. Please find the detailed individual +test results for each test in /tmp/testname file(s). Running a subset of selftests ============================= @@ -46,10 +57,21 @@ You can specify multiple tests to build and run:: $ make TARGETS="size timers" kselftest +Build and run from user specific object directory (make O=dir):: + + $ make O=/tmp/kselftest TARGETS="size timers" kselftest + +Build and run KBUILD_OUTPUT directory (make KBUILD_OUTPUT=):: + + $ make KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/kselftest TARGETS="size timers" kselftest + +The above commands run the tests and print pass/fail summary to make it +easier to understand the test results. Please find the detailed individual +test results for each test in /tmp/testname file(s). + See the top-level tools/testing/selftests/Makefile for the list of all possible targets. - Running the full range hotplug selftests ======================================== @@ -113,9 +135,17 @@ Contributing new tests (details) * Use TEST_GEN_XXX if such binaries or files are generated during compiling. - TEST_PROGS, TEST_GEN_PROGS mean it is the excutable tested by + TEST_PROGS, TEST_GEN_PROGS mean it is the executable tested by default. + TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS should be used by tests that require custom build + rule and prevent common build rule use. + + TEST_PROGS are for test shell scripts. Please ensure shell script has + its exec bit set. Otherwise, lib.mk run_tests will generate a warning. + + TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS and TEST_PROGS will be run by common run_tests. + TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED, TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED mean it is the executable which is not tested by default. TEST_FILES, TEST_GEN_FILES mean it is the file which is used by diff --git a/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-raid.txt b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-raid.txt index 4a0a7469fdd7..32df07e29f68 100644 --- a/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-raid.txt +++ b/Documentation/device-mapper/dm-raid.txt @@ -344,3 +344,4 @@ Version History (wrong raid10_copies/raid10_format sequence) 1.11.1 Add raid4/5/6 journal write-back support via journal_mode option 1.12.1 fix for MD deadlock between mddev_suspend() and md_write_start() available +1.13.0 Fix dev_health status at end of "recover" (was 'a', now 'A') diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/st,stm32h7-rcc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/st,stm32h7-rcc.txt index a135504c7d57..cac24ee10b72 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/st,stm32h7-rcc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/st,stm32h7-rcc.txt @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Example: compatible = "st,stm32h743-rcc", "st,stm32-rcc"; reg = <0x58024400 0x400>; #reset-cells = <1>; - #clock-cells = <2>; + #clock-cells = <1>; clocks = <&clk_hse>, <&clk_lse>, <&clk_i2s_ckin>; st,syscfg = <&pwrcfg>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/common-properties.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/common-properties.txt index 697714f8d75c..a3448bfa1c82 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/common-properties.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/common-properties.txt @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ Common properties +================= + +Endianness +---------- The Devicetree Specification does not define any properties related to hardware byteswapping, but endianness issues show up frequently in porting Linux to @@ -58,3 +62,25 @@ dev: dev@40031000 { ... little-endian; }; + +Daisy-chained devices +--------------------- + +Many serially-attached GPIO and IIO devices are daisy-chainable. To the +host controller, a daisy-chain appears as a single device, but the number +of inputs and outputs it provides is the sum of inputs and outputs provided +by all of its devices. The driver needs to know how many devices the +daisy-chain comprises to determine the amount of data exchanged, how many +inputs and outputs to register and so on. + +Optional properties: + - #daisy-chained-devices: Number of devices in the daisy-chain (default is 1). + +Example: +gpio@0 { + compatible = "name"; + reg = <0>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + #daisy-chained-devices = <3>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/samsung,exynos-rng4.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/crypto/samsung,exynos-rng4.txt index 4ca8dd4d7e66..4ca8dd4d7e66 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/samsung,exynos-rng4.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/crypto/samsung,exynos-rng4.txt diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/renesas,usb-dmac.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/renesas,usb-dmac.txt index 1be6941ac1e5..f3d1f151ba80 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/renesas,usb-dmac.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/renesas,usb-dmac.txt @@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ Required Properties: -compatible: "renesas,<soctype>-usb-dmac", "renesas,usb-dmac" as fallback. Examples with soctypes are: + - "renesas,r8a7743-usb-dmac" (RZ/G1M) + - "renesas,r8a7745-usb-dmac" (RZ/G1E) - "renesas,r8a7790-usb-dmac" (R-Car H2) - "renesas,r8a7791-usb-dmac" (R-Car M2-W) - "renesas,r8a7793-usb-dmac" (R-Car M2-N) diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sprd-dma.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sprd-dma.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7a10fea2e51b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sprd-dma.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +* Spreadtrum DMA controller + +This binding follows the generic DMA bindings defined in dma.txt. + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should be "sprd,sc9860-dma". +- reg: Should contain DMA registers location and length. +- interrupts: Should contain one interrupt shared by all channel. +- #dma-cells: must be <1>. Used to represent the number of integer + cells in the dmas property of client device. +- #dma-channels : Number of DMA channels supported. Should be 32. +- clock-names: Should contain the clock of the DMA controller. +- clocks: Should contain a clock specifier for each entry in clock-names. + +Example: + +Controller: +apdma: dma-controller@20100000 { + compatible = "sprd,sc9860-dma"; + reg = <0x20100000 0x4000>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 50 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + #dma-cells = <1>; + #dma-channels = <32>; + clock-names = "enable"; + clocks = <&clk_ap_ahb_gates 5>; +}; + + +Client: +DMA clients connected to the Spreadtrum DMA controller must use the format +described in the dma.txt file, using a two-cell specifier for each channel. +The two cells in order are: +1. A phandle pointing to the DMA controller. +2. The channel id. + +spi0: spi@70a00000{ + ... + dma-names = "rx_chn", "tx_chn"; + dmas = <&apdma 11>, <&apdma 12>; + ... +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dma.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dma.txt index 4408af693d0c..0b55718bf889 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dma.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dma.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Required properties: - #dma-cells : Must be <4>. See DMA client paragraph for more details. Optional properties: +- dma-requests : Number of DMA requests supported. - resets: Reference to a reset controller asserting the DMA controller - st,mem2mem: boolean; if defined, it indicates that the controller supports memory-to-memory transfer @@ -34,12 +35,13 @@ Example: #dma-cells = <4>; st,mem2mem; resets = <&rcc 150>; + dma-requests = <8>; }; * DMA client DMA clients connected to the STM32 DMA controller must use the format -described in the dma.txt file, using a five-cell specifier for each +described in the dma.txt file, using a four-cell specifier for each channel: a phandle to the DMA controller plus the following four integer cells: 1. The channel id @@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ channel: a phandle to the DMA controller plus the following four integer cells: Example: usart1: serial@40011000 { - compatible = "st,stm32-usart", "st,stm32-uart"; + compatible = "st,stm32-uart"; reg = <0x40011000 0x400>; interrupts = <37>; clocks = <&clk_pclk2>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dmamux.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dmamux.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1b893b235507 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-dmamux.txt @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +STM32 DMA MUX (DMA request router) + +Required properties: +- compatible: "st,stm32h7-dmamux" +- reg: Memory map for accessing module +- #dma-cells: Should be set to <3>. + First parameter is request line number. + Second is DMA channel configuration + Third is Fifo threshold + For more details about the three cells, please see + stm32-dma.txt documentation binding file +- dma-masters: Phandle pointing to the DMA controllers. + Several controllers are allowed. Only "st,stm32-dma" DMA + compatible are supported. + +Optional properties: +- dma-channels : Number of DMA requests supported. +- dma-requests : Number of DMAMUX requests supported. +- resets: Reference to a reset controller asserting the DMA controller +- clocks: Input clock of the DMAMUX instance. + +Example: + +/* DMA controller 1 */ +dma1: dma-controller@40020000 { + compatible = "st,stm32-dma"; + reg = <0x40020000 0x400>; + interrupts = <11>, + <12>, + <13>, + <14>, + <15>, + <16>, + <17>, + <47>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; + #dma-cells = <4>; + st,mem2mem; + resets = <&rcc 150>; + dma-channels = <8>; + dma-requests = <8>; +}; + +/* DMA controller 1 */ +dma2: dma@40020400 { + compatible = "st,stm32-dma"; + reg = <0x40020400 0x400>; + interrupts = <56>, + <57>, + <58>, + <59>, + <60>, + <68>, + <69>, + <70>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; + #dma-cells = <4>; + st,mem2mem; + resets = <&rcc 150>; + dma-channels = <8>; + dma-requests = <8>; +}; + +/* DMA mux */ +dmamux1: dma-router@40020800 { + compatible = "st,stm32h7-dmamux"; + reg = <0x40020800 0x3c>; + #dma-cells = <3>; + dma-requests = <128>; + dma-channels = <16>; + dma-masters = <&dma1 &dma2>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; +}; + +/* DMA client */ +usart1: serial@40011000 { + compatible = "st,stm32-usart", "st,stm32-uart"; + reg = <0x40011000 0x400>; + interrupts = <37>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; + dmas = <&dmamux1 41 0x414 0>, + <&dmamux1 42 0x414 0>; + dma-names = "rx", "tx"; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-mdma.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-mdma.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d18772d6bc65 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/stm32-mdma.txt @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +* STMicroelectronics STM32 MDMA controller + +The STM32 MDMA is a general-purpose direct memory access controller capable of +supporting 64 independent DMA channels with 256 HW requests. + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should be "st,stm32h7-mdma" +- reg: Should contain MDMA registers location and length. This should include + all of the per-channel registers. +- interrupts: Should contain the MDMA interrupt. +- clocks: Should contain the input clock of the DMA instance. +- resets: Reference to a reset controller asserting the DMA controller. +- #dma-cells : Must be <5>. See DMA client paragraph for more details. + +Optional properties: +- dma-channels: Number of DMA channels supported by the controller. +- dma-requests: Number of DMA request signals supported by the controller. +- st,ahb-addr-masks: Array of u32 mask to list memory devices addressed via + AHB bus. + +Example: + + mdma1: dma@52000000 { + compatible = "st,stm32h7-mdma"; + reg = <0x52000000 0x1000>; + interrupts = <122>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; + resets = <&rcc 992>; + #dma-cells = <5>; + dma-channels = <16>; + dma-requests = <32>; + st,ahb-addr-masks = <0x20000000>, <0x00000000>; + }; + +* DMA client + +DMA clients connected to the STM32 MDMA controller must use the format +described in the dma.txt file, using a five-cell specifier for each channel: +a phandle to the MDMA controller plus the following five integer cells: + +1. The request line number +2. The priority level + 0x00: Low + 0x01: Medium + 0x10: High + 0x11: Very high +3. A 32bit mask specifying the DMA channel configuration + -bit 0-1: Source increment mode + 0x00: Source address pointer is fixed + 0x10: Source address pointer is incremented after each data transfer + 0x11: Source address pointer is decremented after each data transfer + -bit 2-3: Destination increment mode + 0x00: Destination address pointer is fixed + 0x10: Destination address pointer is incremented after each data + transfer + 0x11: Destination address pointer is decremented after each data + transfer + -bit 8-9: Source increment offset size + 0x00: byte (8bit) + 0x01: half-word (16bit) + 0x10: word (32bit) + 0x11: double-word (64bit) + -bit 10-11: Destination increment offset size + 0x00: byte (8bit) + 0x01: half-word (16bit) + 0x10: word (32bit) + 0x11: double-word (64bit) +-bit 25-18: The number of bytes to be transferred in a single transfer + (min = 1 byte, max = 128 bytes) +-bit 29:28: Trigger Mode + 0x00: Each MDMA request triggers a buffer transfer (max 128 bytes) + 0x01: Each MDMA request triggers a block transfer (max 64K bytes) + 0x10: Each MDMA request triggers a repeated block transfer + 0x11: Each MDMA request triggers a linked list transfer +4. A 32bit value specifying the register to be used to acknowledge the request + if no HW ack signal is used by the MDMA client +5. A 32bit mask specifying the value to be written to acknowledge the request + if no HW ack signal is used by the MDMA client + +Example: + + i2c4: i2c@5c002000 { + compatible = "st,stm32f7-i2c"; + reg = <0x5c002000 0x400>; + interrupts = <95>, + <96>; + clocks = <&timer_clk>; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + dmas = <&mdma1 36 0x0 0x40008 0x0 0x0>, + <&mdma1 37 0x0 0x40002 0x0 0x0>; + dma-names = "rx", "tx"; + status = "disabled"; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sun6i-dma.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sun6i-dma.txt index 717851407fac..d4c34774d626 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sun6i-dma.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/sun6i-dma.txt @@ -27,6 +27,32 @@ Example: #dma-cells = <1>; }; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +For A64 DMA controller: + +Required properties: +- compatible: "allwinner,sun50i-a64-dma" +- dma-channels: Number of DMA channels supported by the controller. + Refer to Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/dma.txt +- all properties above, i.e. reg, interrupts, clocks, resets and #dma-cells + +Optional properties: +- dma-requests: Number of DMA request signals supported by the controller. + Refer to Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/dma.txt + +Example: + dma: dma-controller@1c02000 { + compatible = "allwinner,sun50i-a64-dma"; + reg = <0x01c02000 0x1000>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 50 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + clocks = <&ccu CLK_BUS_DMA>; + dma-channels = <8>; + dma-requests = <27>; + resets = <&ccu RST_BUS_DMA>; + #dma-cells = <1>; + }; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + Clients: DMA clients connected to the A31 DMA controller must use the format diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/eeprom/eeprom.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/eeprom/eeprom.txt index afc04589eadf..27f2bc15298a 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/eeprom/eeprom.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/eeprom/eeprom.txt @@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ Optional properties: - read-only: this parameterless property disables writes to the eeprom + - size: total eeprom size in bytes + Example: eeprom@52 { diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-max3191x.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-max3191x.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b3a6444b8f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-max3191x.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +GPIO driver for Maxim MAX3191x industrial serializer + +Required properties: + - compatible: Must be one of: + "maxim,max31910" + "maxim,max31911" + "maxim,max31912" + "maxim,max31913" + "maxim,max31953" + "maxim,max31963" + - reg: Chip select number. + - gpio-controller: Marks the device node as a GPIO controller. + - #gpio-cells: Should be two. For consumer use see gpio.txt. + +Optional properties: + - #daisy-chained-devices: + Number of chips in the daisy-chain (default is 1). + - maxim,modesel-gpios: GPIO pins to configure modesel of each chip. + The number of GPIOs must equal "#daisy-chained-devices" + (if each chip is driven by a separate pin) or 1 + (if all chips are wired to the same pin). + - maxim,fault-gpios: GPIO pins to read fault of each chip. + The number of GPIOs must equal "#daisy-chained-devices" + or 1. + - maxim,db0-gpios: GPIO pins to configure debounce of each chip. + The number of GPIOs must equal "#daisy-chained-devices" + or 1. + - maxim,db1-gpios: GPIO pins to configure debounce of each chip. + The number of GPIOs must equal "maxim,db0-gpios". + - maxim,modesel-8bit: Boolean whether the modesel pin of the chips is + pulled high (8-bit mode). Use this if the modesel pin + is hardwired and consequently "maxim,modesel-gpios" + cannot be specified. By default if neither this nor + "maxim,modesel-gpios" is given, the driver assumes + that modesel is pulled low (16-bit mode). + - maxim,ignore-undervoltage: + Boolean whether to ignore undervoltage alarms signaled + by the "maxim,fault-gpios" or by the status byte + (in 16-bit mode). Use this if the chips are powered + through 5VOUT instead of VCC24V, in which case they + will constantly signal undervoltage. + +For other required and optional properties of SPI slave nodes please refer to +../spi/spi-bus.txt. + +Example: + gpio@0 { + compatible = "maxim,max31913"; + reg = <0>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + + maxim,modesel-gpios = <&gpio2 23>; + maxim,fault-gpios = <&gpio2 24 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + maxim,db0-gpios = <&gpio2 25>; + maxim,db1-gpios = <&gpio2 26>; + + spi-max-frequency = <25000000>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-uniphier.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-uniphier.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fed9158dd913 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-uniphier.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +UniPhier GPIO controller + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should be "socionext,uniphier-gpio". +- reg: Specifies offset and length of the register set for the device. +- gpio-controller: Marks the device node as a GPIO controller. +- #gpio-cells: Should be 2. The first cell is the pin number and the second + cell is used to specify optional parameters. +- interrupt-parent: Specifies the parent interrupt controller. +- interrupt-controller: Marks the device node as an interrupt controller. +- #interrupt-cells: Should be 2. The first cell defines the interrupt number. + The second cell bits[3:0] is used to specify trigger type as follows: + 1 = low-to-high edge triggered + 2 = high-to-low edge triggered + 4 = active high level-sensitive + 8 = active low level-sensitive + Valid combinations are 1, 2, 3, 4, 8. +- ngpios: Specifies the number of GPIO lines. +- gpio-ranges: Mapping to pin controller pins (as described in gpio.txt) +- socionext,interrupt-ranges: Specifies an interrupt number mapping between + this GPIO controller and its interrupt parent, in the form of arbitrary + number of <child-interrupt-base parent-interrupt-base length> triplets. + +Optional properties: +- gpio-ranges-group-names: Used for named gpio ranges (as described in gpio.txt) + +Example: + gpio: gpio@55000000 { + compatible = "socionext,uniphier-gpio"; + reg = <0x55000000 0x200>; + interrupt-parent = <&aidet>; + interrupt-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <2>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl 0 0 0>; + gpio-ranges-group-names = "gpio_range"; + ngpios = <248>; + socionext,interrupt-ranges = <0 48 16>, <16 154 5>, <21 217 3>; + }; + +Consumer Example: + + sdhci0_pwrseq { + compatible = "mmc-pwrseq-emmc"; + reset-gpios = <&gpio UNIPHIER_GPIO_PORT(29, 4) GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + }; + +Please note UNIPHIER_GPIO_PORT(29, 4) represents PORT294 in the SoC document. +Unfortunately, only the one's place is octal in the port numbering. (That is, +PORT 8, 9, 18, 19, 28, 29, ... are missing.) UNIPHIER_GPIO_PORT() is a helper +macro to calculate 29 * 8 + 4. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/renesas,gpio-rcar.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/renesas,gpio-rcar.txt index 51c86f69995e..a7ac460ad657 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/renesas,gpio-rcar.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/renesas,gpio-rcar.txt @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ Required Properties: - "renesas,gpio-r8a7794": for R8A7794 (R-Car E2) compatible GPIO controller. - "renesas,gpio-r8a7795": for R8A7795 (R-Car H3) compatible GPIO controller. - "renesas,gpio-r8a7796": for R8A7796 (R-Car M3-W) compatible GPIO controller. + - "renesas,gpio-r8a77970": for R8A77970 (R-Car V3M) compatible GPIO controller. + - "renesas,gpio-r8a77995": for R8A77995 (R-Car D3) compatible GPIO controller. - "renesas,rcar-gen1-gpio": for a generic R-Car Gen1 GPIO controller. - "renesas,rcar-gen2-gpio": for a generic R-Car Gen2 or RZ/G1 GPIO controller. - "renesas,rcar-gen3-gpio": for a generic R-Car Gen3 GPIO controller. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/snps-dwapb-gpio.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/snps-dwapb-gpio.txt index 4d6c8cdc8586..4a75da7051bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/snps-dwapb-gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/snps-dwapb-gpio.txt @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ controller. - interrupts : The interrupt to the parent controller raised when GPIOs generate the interrupts. - snps,nr-gpios : The number of pins in the port, a single cell. +- resets : Reset line for the controller. Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-fan.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/gpio-fan.txt index 439a7430fc68..439a7430fc68 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-fan.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/gpio-fan.txt diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max1619.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max1619.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c70dbbe1e56f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max1619.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Bindings for MAX1619 Temperature Sensor + +Required properties: +- compatible : "maxim,max1619" +- reg : I2C address, one of 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x4c, or + 0x4d, 0x4e + +Example: + temp@4c { + compatible = "maxim,max1619"; + reg = <0x4c>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max31785.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max31785.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..106e08c56aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/max31785.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Bindings for the Maxim MAX31785 Intelligent Fan Controller +========================================================== + +Reference: + +https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX31785.pdf + +The Maxim MAX31785 is a PMBus device providing closed-loop, multi-channel fan +management with temperature and remote voltage sensing. Various fan control +features are provided, including PWM frequency control, temperature hysteresis, +dual tachometer measurements, and fan health monitoring. + +Required properties: +- compatible : One of "maxim,max31785" or "maxim,max31785a" +- reg : I2C address, one of 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55. + +Example: + + fans@52 { + compatible = "maxim,max31785"; + reg = <0x52>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-aspeed.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-aspeed.txt index bd6480b19535..e7106bfc1f13 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-aspeed.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-aspeed.txt @@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ Required Properties: - compatible : should be "aspeed,ast2400-i2c-bus" or "aspeed,ast2500-i2c-bus" - clocks : root clock of bus, should reference the APB - clock + clock in the second cell +- resets : phandle to reset controller with the reset number in + the second cell - interrupts : interrupt number - interrupt-parent : interrupt controller for bus, should reference a aspeed,ast2400-i2c-ic or aspeed,ast2500-i2c-ic @@ -40,7 +42,8 @@ i2c { #interrupt-cells = <1>; reg = <0x40 0x40>; compatible = "aspeed,ast2400-i2c-bus"; - clocks = <&clk_apb>; + clocks = <&syscon ASPEED_CLK_APB>; + resets = <&syscon ASPEED_RESET_I2C>; bus-frequency = <100000>; interrupts = <0>; interrupt-parent = <&i2c_ic>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-davinci.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-davinci.txt index 5b123e0e4cc2..64e6e656c345 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-davinci.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-davinci.txt @@ -6,6 +6,18 @@ davinci/keystone i2c interface contains. Required properties: - compatible: "ti,davinci-i2c" or "ti,keystone-i2c"; - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device +- clocks: I2C functional clock phandle. + For 66AK2G this property should be set per binding, + Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/ti,sci-clk.txt + +SoC-specific Required Properties: + +The following are mandatory properties for Keystone 2 66AK2G SoCs only: + +- power-domains: Should contain a phandle to a PM domain provider node + and an args specifier containing the I2C device id + value. This property is as per the binding, + Documentation/devicetree/bindings/soc/ti/sci-pm-domain.txt Recommended properties : - interrupts : standard interrupt property. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-gpio.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-gpio.txt index 4f8ec947c6bd..38a05562d1d2 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-gpio.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-gpio.txt @@ -2,25 +2,39 @@ Device-Tree bindings for i2c gpio driver Required properties: - compatible = "i2c-gpio"; - - gpios: sda and scl gpio - + - sda-gpios: gpio used for the sda signal, this should be flagged as + active high using open drain with (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH|GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN) + from <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h> since the signal is by definition + open drain. + - scl-gpios: gpio used for the scl signal, this should be flagged as + active high using open drain with (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH|GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN) + from <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h> since the signal is by definition + open drain. Optional properties: - - i2c-gpio,sda-open-drain: sda as open drain - - i2c-gpio,scl-open-drain: scl as open drain - i2c-gpio,scl-output-only: scl as output only - i2c-gpio,delay-us: delay between GPIO operations (may depend on each platform) - i2c-gpio,timeout-ms: timeout to get data +Deprecated properties, do not use in new device tree sources: + - gpios: sda and scl gpio, alternative for {sda,scl}-gpios + - i2c-gpio,sda-open-drain: this means that something outside of our + control has put the GPIO line used for SDA into open drain mode, and + that something is not the GPIO chip. It is essentially an + inconsistency flag. + - i2c-gpio,scl-open-drain: this means that something outside of our + control has put the GPIO line used for SCL into open drain mode, and + that something is not the GPIO chip. It is essentially an + inconsistency flag. + Example nodes: +#include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h> + i2c@0 { compatible = "i2c-gpio"; - gpios = <&pioA 23 0 /* sda */ - &pioA 24 0 /* scl */ - >; - i2c-gpio,sda-open-drain; - i2c-gpio,scl-open-drain; + sda-gpios = <&pioA 23 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH|GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>; + scl-gpios = <&pioA 24 (GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH|GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN)>; i2c-gpio,delay-us = <2>; /* ~100 kHz */ #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-mux.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-mux.txt index 212e6779dc5c..b38f58a1c878 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-mux.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-mux.txt @@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ multiplexer/switch will have one child node for each child bus. Optional properties: - #address-cells = <1>; - This property is required is the i2c-mux child node does not exist. + This property is required if the i2c-mux child node does not exist. - #size-cells = <0>; - This property is required is the i2c-mux child node does not exist. + This property is required if the i2c-mux child node does not exist. - i2c-mux For i2c multiplexers/switches that have child nodes that are a mixture diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rcar.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rcar.txt index cad39aee9f73..a777477e4547 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rcar.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rcar.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Required properties: "renesas,i2c-r8a7794" if the device is a part of a R8A7794 SoC. "renesas,i2c-r8a7795" if the device is a part of a R8A7795 SoC. "renesas,i2c-r8a7796" if the device is a part of a R8A7796 SoC. + "renesas,i2c-r8a77970" if the device is a part of a R8A77970 SoC. "renesas,rcar-gen1-i2c" for a generic R-Car Gen1 compatible device. "renesas,rcar-gen2-i2c" for a generic R-Car Gen2 or RZ/G1 compatible device. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c.txt index cee9d5055fa2..11263982470e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c.txt @@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ wants to support one of the below features, it should adapt the bindings below. interrupts used by the device. - interrupt-names - "irq" and "wakeup" names are recognized by I2C core, other names are - left to individual drivers. + "irq", "wakeup" and "smbus_alert" names are recognized by I2C core, + other names are left to individual drivers. - host-notify device uses SMBus host notify protocol instead of interrupt line. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mcp320x.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mcp320x.txt index bcd3ac8e6e0c..7d64753df949 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mcp320x.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mcp320x.txt @@ -29,15 +29,29 @@ Required properties: "microchip,mcp3204" "microchip,mcp3208" "microchip,mcp3301" + "microchip,mcp3550-50" + "microchip,mcp3550-60" + "microchip,mcp3551" + "microchip,mcp3553" NOTE: The use of the compatibles with no vendor prefix is deprecated and only listed because old DT use them. + - spi-cpha, spi-cpol (boolean): + Either SPI mode (0,0) or (1,1) must be used, so specify + none or both of spi-cpha, spi-cpol. The MCP3550/1/3 + is more efficient in mode (1,1) as only 3 instead of + 4 bytes need to be read from the ADC, but not all SPI + masters support it. + + - vref-supply: Phandle to the external reference voltage supply. + Examples: spi_controller { mcp3x0x@0 { compatible = "mcp3002"; reg = <0>; spi-max-frequency = <1000000>; + vref-supply = <&vref_reg>; }; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mt6577_auxadc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mt6577_auxadc.txt index 64dc4843c180..0df9befdaecc 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mt6577_auxadc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/mt6577_auxadc.txt @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ for the Thermal Controller which holds a phandle to the AUXADC. Required properties: - compatible: Should be one of: - "mediatek,mt2701-auxadc": For MT2701 family of SoCs + - "mediatek,mt2712-auxadc": For MT2712 family of SoCs - "mediatek,mt7622-auxadc": For MT7622 family of SoCs - "mediatek,mt8173-auxadc": For MT8173 family of SoCs - reg: Address range of the AUXADC unit. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ds4424.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ds4424.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..eaebbf8dab40 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ds4424.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Maxim Integrated DS4422/DS4424 7-bit Sink/Source Current DAC Device Driver + +Datasheet publicly available at: +https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/DS4422-DS4424.pdf + +Required properties: + - compatible: Should be one of + maxim,ds4422 + maxim,ds4424 + - reg: Should contain the DAC I2C address + +Optional properties: + - vcc-supply: Power supply is optional. If not defined, driver will ignore it. + +Example: + ds4224@10 { + compatible = "maxim,ds4424"; + reg = <0x10>; /* When A0, A1 pins are ground */ + vcc-supply = <&vcc_3v3>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ti-dac082s085.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ti-dac082s085.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9cb0e10df704 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/dac/ti-dac082s085.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Texas Instruments 8/10/12-bit 2/4-channel DAC driver + +Required properties: + - compatible: Must be one of: + "ti,dac082s085" + "ti,dac102s085" + "ti,dac122s085" + "ti,dac084s085" + "ti,dac104s085" + "ti,dac124s085" + - reg: Chip select number. + - spi-cpha, spi-cpol: SPI mode (0,1) or (1,0) must be used, so specify + either spi-cpha or spi-cpol (but not both). + - vref-supply: Phandle to the external reference voltage supply. + +For other required and optional properties of SPI slave nodes please refer to +../../spi/spi-bus.txt. + +Example: + vref_2v5_reg: regulator-vref { + compatible = "regulator-fixed"; + regulator-name = "2v5"; + regulator-min-microvolt = <2500000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <2500000>; + regulator-always-on; + }; + + dac@0 { + compatible = "ti,dac082s085"; + reg = <0>; + spi-max-frequency = <40000000>; + spi-cpol; + vref-supply = <&vref_2v5_reg>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30100.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30100.txt index 295a9edfa4fd..8d8176459d09 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30100.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30100.txt @@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ Optional properties: Example: -max30100@057 { +max30100@57 { compatible = "maxim,max30100"; - reg = <57>; + reg = <0x57>; maxim,led-current-microamp = <24000 50000>; interrupt-parent = <&gpio1>; interrupts = <16 2>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30102.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30102.txt index c695e7cbeefb..8629c18b0e78 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30102.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/health/max30102.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Optional properties: Example: -max30100@57 { +max30102@57 { compatible = "maxim,max30102"; reg = <0x57>; maxim,red-led-current-microamp = <7000>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/proximity/as3935.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/proximity/as3935.txt index 38d74314b7ab..b6c1afa6f02d 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/proximity/as3935.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/proximity/as3935.txt @@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ Optional properties: - ams,tuning-capacitor-pf: Calibration tuning capacitor stepping value 0 - 120pF. This will require using the calibration data from the manufacturer. + - ams,nflwdth: Set the noise and watchdog threshold register on + startup. This will need to set according to the noise from the + MCU board, and possibly the local environment. Refer to the + datasheet for the threshold settings. Example: @@ -27,4 +31,5 @@ as3935@0 { interrupt-parent = <&gpio1>; interrupts = <16 1>; ams,tuning-capacitor-pf = <80>; + ams,nflwdth = <0x44>; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/st-sensors.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/st-sensors.txt index 9ec6f5ce54fc..6f626f73417e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/st-sensors.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/st-sensors.txt @@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ Accelerometers: - st,h3lis331dl-accel - st,lng2dm-accel - st,lis3l02dq +- st,lis2dw12 +- st,lis3dhh Gyroscopes: - st,l3g4200d-gyro @@ -71,3 +73,5 @@ Pressure sensors: - st,lps25h-press - st,lps331ap-press - st,lps22hb-press +- st,lps33hw +- st,lps35hw diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/gpio-mouse.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/gpio-mouse.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..519510a11af9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/gpio-mouse.txt @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Device-Tree bindings for GPIO attached mice + +This simply uses standard GPIO handles to define a simple mouse connected +to 5-7 GPIO lines. + +Required properties: + - compatible: must be "gpio-mouse" + - scan-interval-ms: The scanning interval in milliseconds + - up-gpios: GPIO line phandle to the line indicating "up" + - down-gpios: GPIO line phandle to the line indicating "down" + - left-gpios: GPIO line phandle to the line indicating "left" + - right-gpios: GPIO line phandle to the line indicating "right" + +Optional properties: + - button-left-gpios: GPIO line handle to the left mouse button + - button-middle-gpios: GPIO line handle to the middle mouse button + - button-right-gpios: GPIO line handle to the right mouse button +Example: + +#include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h> + +gpio-mouse { + compatible = "gpio-mouse"; + scan-interval-ms = <50>; + up-gpios = <&gpio0 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + down-gpios = <&gpio0 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + left-gpios = <&gpio0 2 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + right-gpios = <&gpio0 3 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + button-left-gpios = <&gpio0 4 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + button-middle-gpios = <&gpio0 5 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; + button-right-gpios = <&gpio0 6 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/exc3000.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/exc3000.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1dcff4a43eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/exc3000.txt @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +* EETI EXC3000 Multiple Touch Controller + +Required properties: +- compatible: must be "eeti,exc3000" +- reg: i2c slave address +- interrupt-parent: the phandle for the interrupt controller +- interrupts: touch controller interrupt +- touchscreen-size-x: See touchscreen.txt +- touchscreen-size-y: See touchscreen.txt + +Optional properties: +- touchscreen-inverted-x: See touchscreen.txt +- touchscreen-inverted-y: See touchscreen.txt +- touchscreen-swapped-x-y: See touchscreen.txt + +Example: + + touchscreen@2a { + compatible = "eeti,exc3000"; + reg = <0x2a>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpio1>; + interrupts = <9 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>; + touchscreen-size-x = <4096>; + touchscreen-size-y = <4096>; + touchscreen-inverted-x; + touchscreen-swapped-x-y; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/goodix.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/goodix.txt index c98757a69110..0c369d8ebcab 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/goodix.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/goodix.txt @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ Device tree bindings for Goodix GT9xx series touchscreen controller Required properties: - - compatible : Should be "goodix,gt911" + - compatible : Should be "goodix,gt1151" + or "goodix,gt911" or "goodix,gt9110" or "goodix,gt912" or "goodix,gt927" diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/hideep.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/hideep.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..121d9b7c79a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/hideep.txt @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +* HiDeep Finger and Stylus touchscreen controller + +Required properties: +- compatible : must be "hideep,hideep-ts" +- reg : I2C slave address, (e.g. 0x6C). +- interrupt-parent : Interrupt controller to which the chip is connected. +- interrupts : Interrupt to which the chip is connected. + +Optional properties: +- vdd-supply : It is the controller supply for controlling + main voltage(3.3V) through the regulator. +- vid-supply : It is the controller supply for controlling + IO voltage(1.8V) through the regulator. +- reset-gpios : Define for reset gpio pin. + It is to use for reset IC. +- touchscreen-size-x : X axis size of touchscreen +- touchscreen-size-y : Y axis size of touchscreen +- linux,keycodes : Specifies an array of numeric keycode values to + be used for reporting button presses. The array can + contain up to 3 entries. + +Example: + +#include "dt-bindings/input/input.h" + +i2c@00000000 { + + /* ... */ + + touchscreen@6c { + compatible = "hideep,hideep-ts"; + reg = <0x6c>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpx1>; + interrupts = <2 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>; + vdd-supply = <&ldo15_reg>"; + vid-supply = <&ldo18_reg>; + reset-gpios = <&gpx1 5 0>; + touchscreen-size-x = <1080>; + touchscreen-size-y = <1920>; + linux,keycodes = <KEY_HOME>, <KEY_MENU>, <KEY_BACK>; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/samsung,s6sy761.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/samsung,s6sy761.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d9b7c2ff611e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/input/touchscreen/samsung,s6sy761.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +* Samsung S6SY761 touchscreen controller + +Required properties: +- compatible : must be "samsung,s6sy761" +- reg : I2C slave address, (e.g. 0x48) +- interrupt-parent : the phandle to the interrupt controller which provides + the interrupt +- interrupts : interrupt specification +- avdd-supply : analogic power supply +- vdd-supply : power supply + +Optional properties: +- touchscreen-size-x : see touchscreen.txt. This property is embedded in the + device. If defined it forces a different x resolution. +- touchscreen-size-y : see touchscreen.txt. This property is embedded in the + device. If defined it forces a different y resolution. + +Example: + +i2c@00000000 { + + /* ... */ + + touchscreen@48 { + compatible = "samsung,s6sy761"; + reg = <0x48>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpa1>; + interrupts = <1 IRQ_TYPE_NONE>; + avdd-supply = <&ldo30_reg>; + vdd-supply = <&ldo31_reg>; + touchscreen-size-x = <4096>; + touchscreen-size-y = <4096>; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/amlogic,meson-gpio-intc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/amlogic,meson-gpio-intc.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a83f9a5734ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/amlogic,meson-gpio-intc.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Amlogic meson GPIO interrupt controller + +Meson SoCs contains an interrupt controller which is able to watch the SoC +pads and generate an interrupt on edge or level. The controller is essentially +a 256 pads to 8 GIC interrupt multiplexer, with a filter block to select edge +or level and polarity. It does not expose all 256 mux inputs because the +documentation shows that the upper part is not mapped to any pad. The actual +number of interrupt exposed depends on the SoC. + +Required properties: + +- compatible : must have "amlogic,meson8-gpio-intc” and either + “amlogic,meson8-gpio-intc” for meson8 SoCs (S802) or + “amlogic,meson8b-gpio-intc” for meson8b SoCs (S805) or + “amlogic,meson-gxbb-gpio-intc” for GXBB SoCs (S905) or + “amlogic,meson-gxl-gpio-intc” for GXL SoCs (S905X, S912) +- interrupt-parent : a phandle to the GIC the interrupts are routed to. + Usually this is provided at the root level of the device tree as it is + common to most of the SoC. +- reg : Specifies base physical address and size of the registers. +- interrupt-controller : Identifies the node as an interrupt controller. +- #interrupt-cells : Specifies the number of cells needed to encode an + interrupt source. The value must be 2. +- meson,channel-interrupts: Array with the 8 upstream hwirq numbers. These + are the hwirqs used on the parent interrupt controller. + +Example: + +gpio_interrupt: interrupt-controller@9880 { + compatible = "amlogic,meson-gxbb-gpio-intc", + "amlogic,meson-gpio-intc"; + reg = <0x0 0x9880 0x0 0x10>; + interrupt-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <2>; + meson,channel-interrupts = <64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/arm,gic-v3.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/arm,gic-v3.txt index 4c29cdab0ea5..0a57f2f4167d 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/arm,gic-v3.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/arm,gic-v3.txt @@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ These nodes must have the following properties: - reg: Specifies the base physical address and size of the ITS registers. +Optional: +- socionext,synquacer-pre-its: (u32, u32) tuple describing the untranslated + address and size of the pre-ITS window. + The main GIC node must contain the appropriate #address-cells, #size-cells and ranges properties for the reg property of all ITS nodes. @@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ Examples: compatible = "arm,gic-v3-its"; msi-controller; #msi-cells = <1>; - reg = <0x0 0x2c200000 0 0x200000>; + reg = <0x0 0x2c200000 0 0x20000>; }; }; @@ -124,14 +128,14 @@ Examples: compatible = "arm,gic-v3-its"; msi-controller; #msi-cells = <1>; - reg = <0x0 0x2c200000 0 0x200000>; + reg = <0x0 0x2c200000 0 0x20000>; }; gic-its@2c400000 { compatible = "arm,gic-v3-its"; msi-controller; #msi-cells = <1>; - reg = <0x0 0x2c400000 0 0x200000>; + reg = <0x0 0x2c400000 0 0x20000>; }; ppi-partitions { diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/brcm,l2-intc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/brcm,l2-intc.txt index 448273a30a11..36df06c5c567 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/brcm,l2-intc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/brcm,l2-intc.txt @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ Broadcom Generic Level 2 Interrupt Controller Required properties: -- compatible: should be "brcm,l2-intc" +- compatible: should be "brcm,l2-intc" for latched interrupt controllers + should be "brcm,bcm7271-l2-intc" for level interrupt controllers - reg: specifies the base physical address and size of the registers - interrupt-controller: identifies the node as an interrupt controller - #interrupt-cells: specifies the number of cells needed to encode an diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/openrisc,ompic.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/openrisc,ompic.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..caec07cc7149 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/openrisc,ompic.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Open Multi-Processor Interrupt Controller + +Required properties: + +- compatible : This should be "openrisc,ompic" +- reg : Specifies base physical address and size of the register space. The + size is based on the number of cores the controller has been configured + to handle, this should be set to 8 bytes per cpu core. +- interrupt-controller : Identifies the node as an interrupt controller. +- #interrupt-cells : This should be set to 0 as this will not be an irq + parent. +- interrupts : Specifies the interrupt line to which the ompic is wired. + +Example: + +ompic: interrupt-controller@98000000 { + compatible = "openrisc,ompic"; + reg = <0x98000000 16>; + interrupt-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <0>; + interrupts = <1>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/renesas,irqc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/renesas,irqc.txt index e3f052d8c11a..33c9a10fdc91 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/renesas,irqc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/renesas,irqc.txt @@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ Required properties: - "renesas,irqc-r8a7793" (R-Car M2-N) - "renesas,irqc-r8a7794" (R-Car E2) - "renesas,intc-ex-r8a7795" (R-Car H3) + - "renesas,intc-ex-r8a7796" (R-Car M3-W) + - "renesas,intc-ex-r8a77970" (R-Car V3M) + - "renesas,intc-ex-r8a77995" (R-Car D3) - #interrupt-cells: has to be <2>: an interrupt index and flags, as defined in interrupts.txt in this directory - clocks: Must contain a reference to the functional clock. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/socionext,synquacer-exiu.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/socionext,synquacer-exiu.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8b2faefe29ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/socionext,synquacer-exiu.txt @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Socionext SynQuacer External Interrupt Unit (EXIU) + +The Socionext Synquacer SoC has an external interrupt unit (EXIU) +that forwards a block of 32 configurable input lines to 32 adjacent +level-high type GICv3 SPIs. + +Required properties: + +- compatible : Should be "socionext,synquacer-exiu". +- reg : Specifies base physical address and size of the + control registers. +- interrupt-controller : Identifies the node as an interrupt controller. +- #interrupt-cells : Specifies the number of cells needed to encode an + interrupt source. The value must be 3. +- interrupt-parent : phandle of the GIC these interrupts are routed to. +- socionext,spi-base : The SPI number of the first SPI of the 32 adjacent + ones the EXIU forwards its interrups to. + +Notes: + +- Only SPIs can use the EXIU as an interrupt parent. + +Example: + + exiu: interrupt-controller@510c0000 { + compatible = "socionext,synquacer-exiu"; + reg = <0x0 0x510c0000 0x0 0x20>; + interrupt-controller; + interrupt-parent = <&gic>; + #interrupt-cells = <3>; + socionext,spi-base = <112>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/st,stm32-exti.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/st,stm32-exti.txt index 6e7703d4ff5b..edf03f09244b 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/st,stm32-exti.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/st,stm32-exti.txt @@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ STM32 External Interrupt Controller Required properties: -- compatible: Should be "st,stm32-exti" +- compatible: Should be: + "st,stm32-exti" + "st,stm32h7-exti" - reg: Specifies base physical address and size of the registers - interrupt-controller: Indentifies the node as an interrupt controller - #interrupt-cells: Specifies the number of cells to encode an interrupt diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/ams,as3645a.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/ams,as3645a.txt index 12c5ef26ec73..fdc40e354a64 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/ams,as3645a.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/ams,as3645a.txt @@ -15,11 +15,14 @@ Required properties compatible : Must be "ams,as3645a". reg : The I2C address of the device. Typically 0x30. +#address-cells : 1 +#size-cells : 0 -Required properties of the "flash" child node -============================================= +Required properties of the flash child node (0) +=============================================== +reg: 0 flash-timeout-us: Flash timeout in microseconds. The value must be in the range [100000, 850000] and divisible by 50000. flash-max-microamp: Maximum flash current in microamperes. Has to be @@ -33,20 +36,21 @@ ams,input-max-microamp: Maximum flash controller input current. The and divisible by 50000. -Optional properties of the "flash" child node -============================================= +Optional properties of the flash child node +=========================================== label : The label of the flash LED. -Required properties of the "indicator" child node -================================================= +Required properties of the indicator child node (1) +=================================================== +reg: 1 led-max-microamp: Maximum indicator current. The allowed values are 2500, 5000, 7500 and 10000. -Optional properties of the "indicator" child node -================================================= +Optional properties of the indicator child node +=============================================== label : The label of the indicator LED. @@ -55,16 +59,20 @@ Example ======= as3645a@30 { + #address-cells: 1 + #size-cells: 0 reg = <0x30>; compatible = "ams,as3645a"; - flash { + flash@0 { + reg = <0x0>; flash-timeout-us = <150000>; flash-max-microamp = <320000>; led-max-microamp = <60000>; ams,input-max-microamp = <1750000>; label = "as3645a:flash"; }; - indicator { + indicator@1 { + reg = <0x1>; led-max-microamp = <10000>; label = "as3645a:indicator"; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mfd/arizona.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mfd/arizona.txt index b37bdde5cfda..bdd017686ea5 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mfd/arizona.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mfd/arizona.txt @@ -65,45 +65,6 @@ Optional properties: a value that is out of range for a 16 bit register then the chip default will be used. If present exactly five values must be specified. - - wlf,inmode : A list of INn_MODE register values, where n is the number - of input signals. Valid values are 0 (Differential), 1 (Single-ended) and - 2 (Digital Microphone). If absent, INn_MODE registers set to 0 by default. - If present, values must be specified less than or equal to the number of - input signals. If values less than the number of input signals, elements - that have not been specified are set to 0 by default. Entries are: - <IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4> (wm5102, wm5110, wm8280, wm8997) - <IN1A, IN2A, IN1B, IN2B> (wm8998, wm1814) - - wlf,out-mono : A list of boolean values indicating whether each output is - mono or stereo. Position within the list indicates the output affected - (eg. First entry in the list corresponds to output 1). A non-zero value - indicates a mono output. If present, the number of values should be less - than or equal to the number of outputs, if less values are supplied the - additional outputs will be treated as stereo. - - - wlf,dmic-ref : DMIC reference voltage source for each input, can be - selected from either MICVDD or one of the MICBIAS's, defines - (ARIZONA_DMIC_xxxx) are provided in <dt-bindings/mfd/arizona.txt>. If - present, the number of values should be less than or equal to the - number of inputs, unspecified inputs will use the chip default. - - - wlf,max-channels-clocked : The maximum number of channels to be clocked on - each AIF, useful for I2S systems with multiple data lines being mastered. - Specify one cell for each AIF to be configured, specify zero for AIFs that - should be handled normally. - If present, number of cells must be less than or equal to the number of - AIFs. If less than the number of AIFs, for cells that have not been - specified the corresponding AIFs will be treated as default setting. - - - wlf,spk-fmt : PDM speaker data format, must contain 2 cells (OUT5 and OUT6). - See the datasheet for values. - The second cell is ignored for codecs that do not have OUT6 (wm5102, wm8997, - wm8998, wm1814) - - - wlf,spk-mute : PDM speaker mute setting, must contain 2 cells (OUT5 and OUT6). - See the datasheet for values. - The second cell is ignored for codecs that do not have OUT6 (wm5102, wm8997, - wm8998, wm1814) - - DCVDD-supply, MICVDD-supply : Power supplies, only need to be specified if they are being externally supplied. As covered in Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/regulator.txt @@ -112,6 +73,7 @@ Optional properties: Also see child specific device properties: Regulator - ../regulator/arizona-regulator.txt Extcon - ../extcon/extcon-arizona.txt + Sound - ../sound/arizona.txt Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/amlogic,meson-mx-sdio.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/amlogic,meson-mx-sdio.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8765c605e6bc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/amlogic,meson-mx-sdio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +* Amlogic Meson6, Meson8 and Meson8b SDIO/MMC controller + +The highspeed MMC host controller on Amlogic SoCs provides an interface +for MMC, SD, SDIO and SDHC types of memory cards. + +Supported maximum speeds are the ones of the eMMC standard 4.41 as well +as the speed of SD standard 2.0. + +The hardware provides an internal "mux" which allows up to three slots +to be controlled. Only one slot can be accessed at a time. + +Required properties: + - compatible : must be one of + - "amlogic,meson8-sdio" + - "amlogic,meson8b-sdio" + along with the generic "amlogic,meson-mx-sdio" + - reg : mmc controller base registers + - interrupts : mmc controller interrupt + - #address-cells : must be 1 + - size-cells : must be 0 + - clocks : phandle to clock providers + - clock-names : must contain "core" and "clkin" + +Required child nodes: +A node for each slot provided by the MMC controller is required. +NOTE: due to a driver limitation currently only one slot (= child node) + is supported! + +Required properties on each child node (= slot): + - compatible : must be "mmc-slot" (see mmc.txt within this directory) + - reg : the slot (or "port") ID + +Optional properties on each child node (= slot): + - bus-width : must be 1 or 4 (8-bit bus is not supported) + - for cd and all other additional generic mmc parameters + please refer to mmc.txt within this directory + +Examples: + mmc@c1108c20 { + compatible = "amlogic,meson8-sdio", "amlogic,meson-mx-sdio"; + reg = <0xc1108c20 0x20>; + interrupts = <0 28 1>; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + clocks = <&clkc CLKID_SDIO>, <&clkc CLKID_CLK81>; + clock-names = "core", "clkin"; + + slot@1 { + compatible = "mmc-slot"; + reg = <1>; + + bus-width = <4>; + }; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/marvell,xenon-sdhci.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/marvell,xenon-sdhci.txt index b878a1e305af..ed1456f5c94d 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/marvell,xenon-sdhci.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/marvell,xenon-sdhci.txt @@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ Required Properties: - clocks: Array of clocks required for SDHC. - Require at least input clock for Xenon IP core. + Require at least input clock for Xenon IP core. For Armada AP806 and + CP110, the AXI clock is also mandatory. - clock-names: Array of names corresponding to clocks property. The input clock for Xenon IP core should be named as "core". + The input clock for the AXI bus must be named as "axi". - reg: * For "marvell,armada-3700-sdhci", two register areas. @@ -106,8 +108,8 @@ Example: compatible = "marvell,armada-ap806-sdhci"; reg = <0xaa0000 0x1000>; interrupts = <GIC_SPI 13 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH> - clocks = <&emmc_clk>; - clock-names = "core"; + clocks = <&emmc_clk>,<&axi_clk>; + clock-names = "core", "axi"; bus-width = <4>; marvell,xenon-phy-slow-mode; marvell,xenon-tun-count = <11>; @@ -126,8 +128,8 @@ Example: interrupts = <GIC_SPI 55 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH> vqmmc-supply = <&sd_vqmmc_regulator>; vmmc-supply = <&sd_vmmc_regulator>; - clocks = <&sdclk>; - clock-names = "core"; + clocks = <&sdclk>, <&axi_clk>; + clock-names = "core", "axi"; bus-width = <4>; marvell,xenon-tun-count = <9>; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mmc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mmc.txt index 5934157cf2cd..fb11ae8b3b72 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mmc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mmc.txt @@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ Optional properties: - no-sdio: controller is limited to send sdio cmd during initialization - no-sd: controller is limited to send sd cmd during initialization - no-mmc: controller is limited to send mmc cmd during initialization +- fixed-emmc-driver-type: for non-removable eMMC, enforce this driver type. + The value <n> is the driver type as specified in the eMMC specification + (table 206 in spec version 5.1). *NOTE* on CD and WP polarity. To use common for all SD/MMC host controllers line polarity properties, we have to fix the meaning of the "normal" and "inverted" diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mtk-sd.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mtk-sd.txt index 4182ea36ca5b..72d2a734ab85 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mtk-sd.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/mtk-sd.txt @@ -7,10 +7,18 @@ This file documents differences between the core properties in mmc.txt and the properties used by the msdc driver. Required properties: -- compatible: Should be "mediatek,mt8173-mmc","mediatek,mt8135-mmc" +- compatible: value should be either of the following. + "mediatek,mt8135-mmc": for mmc host ip compatible with mt8135 + "mediatek,mt8173-mmc": for mmc host ip compatible with mt8173 + "mediatek,mt2701-mmc": for mmc host ip compatible with mt2701 + "mediatek,mt2712-mmc": for mmc host ip compatible with mt2712 +- reg: physical base address of the controller and length - interrupts: Should contain MSDC interrupt number -- clocks: MSDC source clock, HCLK -- clock-names: "source", "hclk" +- clocks: Should contain phandle for the clock feeding the MMC controller +- clock-names: Should contain the following: + "source" - source clock (required) + "hclk" - HCLK which used for host (required) + "source_cg" - independent source clock gate (required for MT2712) - pinctrl-names: should be "default", "state_uhs" - pinctrl-0: should contain default/high speed pin ctrl - pinctrl-1: should contain uhs mode pin ctrl @@ -30,6 +38,10 @@ Optional properties: - mediatek,hs400-cmd-resp-sel-rising: HS400 command response sample selection If present,HS400 command responses are sampled on rising edges. If not present,HS400 command responses are sampled on falling edges. +- mediatek,latch-ck: Some SoCs do not support enhance_rx, need set correct latch-ck to avoid data crc + error caused by stop clock(fifo full) + Valid range = [0:0x7]. if not present, default value is 0. + applied to compatible "mediatek,mt2701-mmc". Examples: mmc0: mmc@11230000 { diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-fujitsu.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-fujitsu.txt index de2c53cff4f1..3ee9263adf73 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-fujitsu.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-fujitsu.txt @@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ Required properties: Optional properties: - vqmmc-supply: phandle to the regulator device tree node, mentioned as the VCCQ/VDD_IO supply in the eMMC/SD specs. +- fujitsu,cmd-dat-delay-select: boolean property indicating that this host + requires the CMD_DAT_DELAY control to be enabled. Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-msm.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-msm.txt index 0576264eab5e..bfdcdc4ccdff 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-msm.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-msm.txt @@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ Required properties: "core" - SDC MMC clock (MCLK) (required) "bus" - SDCC bus voter clock (optional) "xo" - TCXO clock (optional) + "cal" - reference clock for RCLK delay calibration (optional) + "sleep" - sleep clock for RCLK delay calibration (optional) Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-omap.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-omap.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..51775a372c06 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/sdhci-omap.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +* TI OMAP SDHCI Controller + +Refer to mmc.txt for standard MMC bindings. + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should be "ti,dra7-sdhci" for DRA7 and DRA72 controllers +- ti,hwmods: Must be "mmc<n>", <n> is controller instance starting 1 + +Example: + mmc1: mmc@4809c000 { + compatible = "ti,dra7-sdhci"; + reg = <0x4809c000 0x400>; + ti,hwmods = "mmc1"; + bus-width = <4>; + vmmc-supply = <&vmmc>; /* phandle to regulator node */ + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/tmio_mmc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/tmio_mmc.txt index 54ef642f23a0..3c6762430fd9 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/tmio_mmc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mmc/tmio_mmc.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ described in mmc.txt, can be used. Additionally the following tmio_mmc-specific optional bindings can be used. Required properties: -- compatible: "renesas,sdhi-shmobile" - a generic sh-mobile SDHI unit +- compatible: should contain one or more of the following: "renesas,sdhi-sh73a0" - SDHI IP on SH73A0 SoC "renesas,sdhi-r7s72100" - SDHI IP on R7S72100 SoC "renesas,sdhi-r8a73a4" - SDHI IP on R8A73A4 SoC @@ -26,6 +26,16 @@ Required properties: "renesas,sdhi-r8a7794" - SDHI IP on R8A7794 SoC "renesas,sdhi-r8a7795" - SDHI IP on R8A7795 SoC "renesas,sdhi-r8a7796" - SDHI IP on R8A7796 SoC + "renesas,sdhi-shmobile" - a generic sh-mobile SDHI controller + "renesas,rcar-gen1-sdhi" - a generic R-Car Gen1 SDHI controller + "renesas,rcar-gen2-sdhi" - a generic R-Car Gen2 or RZ/G1 + SDHI controller + "renesas,rcar-gen3-sdhi" - a generic R-Car Gen3 SDHI controller + + + When compatible with the generic version, nodes must list + the SoC-specific version corresponding to the platform + first followed by the generic version. - clocks: Most controllers only have 1 clock source per channel. However, on some variations of this controller, the internal card detection @@ -43,3 +53,61 @@ Optional properties: - pinctrl-names: should be "default", "state_uhs" - pinctrl-0: should contain default/high speed pin ctrl - pinctrl-1: should contain uhs mode pin ctrl + +Example: R8A7790 (R-Car H2) SDHI controller nodes + + sdhi0: sd@ee100000 { + compatible = "renesas,sdhi-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-sdhi"; + reg = <0 0xee100000 0 0x328>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 165 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + clocks = <&cpg CPG_MOD 314>; + dmas = <&dmac0 0xcd>, <&dmac0 0xce>, + <&dmac1 0xcd>, <&dmac1 0xce>; + dma-names = "tx", "rx", "tx", "rx"; + max-frequency = <195000000>; + power-domains = <&sysc R8A7790_PD_ALWAYS_ON>; + resets = <&cpg 314>; + status = "disabled"; + }; + + sdhi1: sd@ee120000 { + compatible = "renesas,sdhi-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-sdhi"; + reg = <0 0xee120000 0 0x328>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 166 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + clocks = <&cpg CPG_MOD 313>; + dmas = <&dmac0 0xc9>, <&dmac0 0xca>, + <&dmac1 0xc9>, <&dmac1 0xca>; + dma-names = "tx", "rx", "tx", "rx"; + max-frequency = <195000000>; + power-domains = <&sysc R8A7790_PD_ALWAYS_ON>; + resets = <&cpg 313>; + status = "disabled"; + }; + + sdhi2: sd@ee140000 { + compatible = "renesas,sdhi-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-sdhi"; + reg = <0 0xee140000 0 0x100>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 167 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + clocks = <&cpg CPG_MOD 312>; + dmas = <&dmac0 0xc1>, <&dmac0 0xc2>, + <&dmac1 0xc1>, <&dmac1 0xc2>; + dma-names = "tx", "rx", "tx", "rx"; + max-frequency = <97500000>; + power-domains = <&sysc R8A7790_PD_ALWAYS_ON>; + resets = <&cpg 312>; + status = "disabled"; + }; + + sdhi3: sd@ee160000 { + compatible = "renesas,sdhi-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-sdhi"; + reg = <0 0xee160000 0 0x100>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 168 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + clocks = <&cpg CPG_MOD 311>; + dmas = <&dmac0 0xd3>, <&dmac0 0xd4>, + <&dmac1 0xd3>, <&dmac1 0xd4>; + dma-names = "tx", "rx", "tx", "rx"; + max-frequency = <97500000>; + power-domains = <&sysc R8A7790_PD_ALWAYS_ON>; + resets = <&cpg 311>; + status = "disabled"; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/marvell-pp2.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/marvell-pp2.txt index 7e2dad08a12e..1814fa13f6ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/marvell-pp2.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/marvell-pp2.txt @@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ Required properties: - main controller clock (for both armada-375-pp2 and armada-7k-pp2) - GOP clock (for both armada-375-pp2 and armada-7k-pp2) - MG clock (only for armada-7k-pp2) -- clock-names: names of used clocks, must be "pp_clk", "gop_clk" and - "mg_clk" (the latter only for armada-7k-pp2). + - AXI clock (only for armada-7k-pp2) +- clock-names: names of used clocks, must be "pp_clk", "gop_clk", "mg_clk" + and "axi_clk" (the 2 latter only for armada-7k-pp2). The ethernet ports are represented by subnodes. At least one port is required. @@ -78,8 +79,9 @@ Example for marvell,armada-7k-pp2: cpm_ethernet: ethernet@0 { compatible = "marvell,armada-7k-pp22"; reg = <0x0 0x100000>, <0x129000 0xb000>; - clocks = <&cpm_syscon0 1 3>, <&cpm_syscon0 1 9>, <&cpm_syscon0 1 5>; - clock-names = "pp_clk", "gop_clk", "gp_clk"; + clocks = <&cpm_syscon0 1 3>, <&cpm_syscon0 1 9>, + <&cpm_syscon0 1 5>, <&cpm_syscon0 1 18>; + clock-names = "pp_clk", "gop_clk", "gp_clk", "axi_clk"; eth0: eth0 { interrupts = <ICU_GRP_NSR 39 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>, diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/rockchip-dwmac.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/rockchip-dwmac.txt index 6af8eed1adeb..9c16ee2965a2 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/rockchip-dwmac.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/rockchip-dwmac.txt @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ The device node has following properties. Required properties: - compatible: should be "rockchip,<name>-gamc" + "rockchip,rk3128-gmac": found on RK312x SoCs "rockchip,rk3228-gmac": found on RK322x SoCs "rockchip,rk3288-gmac": found on RK3288 SoCs "rockchip,rk3328-gmac": found on RK3328 SoCs diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/openrisc/opencores/or1ksim.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/openrisc/opencores/or1ksim.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4950c794ecbb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/openrisc/opencores/or1ksim.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +OpenRISC Generic SoC +==================== + +Boards and FPGA SoC's which support the OpenRISC standard platform. The +platform essentially follows the conventions of the OpenRISC architecture +specification, however some aspects, such as the boot protocol have been defined +by the Linux port. + +Required properties +------------------- + - compatible: Must include "opencores,or1ksim" + +CPU nodes: +---------- +A "cpus" node is required. Required properties: + - #address-cells: Must be 1. + - #size-cells: Must be 0. +A CPU sub-node is also required for at least CPU 0. Since the topology may +be probed via CPS, it is not necessary to specify secondary CPUs. Required +properties: + - compatible: Must be "opencores,or1200-rtlsvn481". + - reg: CPU number. + - clock-frequency: The CPU clock frequency in Hz. +Example: + cpus { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + cpu@0 { + compatible = "opencores,or1200-rtlsvn481"; + reg = <0>; + clock-frequency = <20000000>; + }; + }; + + +Boot protocol +------------- +The bootloader may pass the following arguments to the kernel: + - r3: address of a flattened device-tree blob or 0x0. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm,brcmstb-usb-phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm,brcmstb-usb-phy.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..24a0d06acd1d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm,brcmstb-usb-phy.txt @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Broadcom STB USB PHY + +Required properties: + - compatible: brcm,brcmstb-usb-phy + - reg: two offset and length pairs. + The first pair specifies a manditory set of memory mapped + registers used for general control of the PHY. + The second pair specifies optional registers used by some of + the SoCs that support USB 3.x + - #phy-cells: Shall be 1 as it expects one argument for setting + the type of the PHY. Possible values are: + - PHY_TYPE_USB2 for USB1.1/2.0 PHY + - PHY_TYPE_USB3 for USB3.x PHY + +Optional Properties: +- clocks : clock phandles. +- clock-names: String, clock name. +- brcm,ipp: Boolean, Invert Port Power. + Possible values are: 0 (Don't invert), 1 (Invert) +- brcm,ioc: Boolean, Invert Over Current detection. + Possible values are: 0 (Don't invert), 1 (Invert) +NOTE: one or both of the following two properties must be set +- brcm,has-xhci: Boolean indicating the phy has an XHCI phy. +- brcm,has-eohci: Boolean indicating the phy has an EHCI/OHCI phy. +- dr_mode: String, PHY Device mode. + Possible values are: "host", "peripheral ", "drd" or "typec-pd" + If this property is not defined, the phy will default to "host" mode. + +Example: + +usbphy_0: usb-phy@f0470200 { + reg = <0xf0470200 0xb8>, + <0xf0471940 0x6c0>; + compatible = "brcm,brcmstb-usb-phy"; + #phy-cells = <1>; + dr_mode = "host" + brcm,ioc = <1>; + brcm,ipp = <1>; + brcm,has-xhci; + brcm,has-eohci; + clocks = <&usb20>, <&usb30>; + clock-names = "sw_usb", "sw_usb3"; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm-sata-phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm-sata-phy.txt index 97977cd29a98..0aced97d8092 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm-sata-phy.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/brcm-sata-phy.txt @@ -27,7 +27,16 @@ Sub-nodes optional properties: This property is not applicable for "brcm,iproc-ns2-sata-phy", "brcm,iproc-nsp-sata-phy" and "brcm,iproc-sr-sata-phy". -Example: +- brcm,rxaeq-mode: string that indicates the desired RX equalizer + mode, possible values are: + "off" (equivalent to not specifying the property) + "auto" + "manual" (brcm,rxaeq-value is used in that case) + +- brcm,rxaeq-value: when 'rxaeq-mode' is set to "manual", provides the RX + equalizer value that should be used. Allowed range is 0..63. + +Example sata-phy@f0458100 { compatible = "brcm,bcm7445-sata-phy", "brcm,phy-sata3"; reg = <0xf0458100 0x1e00>, <0xf045804c 0x10>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen2-phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen2-phy.txt index 91da947ae9b6..eeb9e1874ea6 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen2-phy.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen2-phy.txt @@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ This file provides information on what the device node for the R-Car generation 2 USB PHY contains. Required properties: -- compatible: "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7790" if the device is a part of R8A7790 SoC. +- compatible: "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7743" if the device is a part of R8A7743 SoC. + "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7745" if the device is a part of R8A7745 SoC. + "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7790" if the device is a part of R8A7790 SoC. "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7791" if the device is a part of R8A7791 SoC. "renesas,usb-phy-r8a7794" if the device is a part of R8A7794 SoC. - "renesas,rcar-gen2-usb-phy" for a generic R-Car Gen2 compatible device. + "renesas,rcar-gen2-usb-phy" for a generic R-Car Gen2 or + RZ/G1 compatible device. When compatible with the generic version, nodes must list the SoC-specific version corresponding to the platform first diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen3-phy-usb2.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen3-phy-usb2.txt index ace9cce2704a..99b651b33110 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen3-phy-usb2.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rcar-gen3-phy-usb2.txt @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Required properties: SoC. "renesas,usb2-phy-r8a7796" if the device is a part of an R8A7796 SoC. + "renesas,usb2-phy-r8a77995" if the device is a part of an + R8A77995 SoC. "renesas,rcar-gen3-usb2-phy" for a generic R-Car Gen3 compatible device. When compatible with the generic version, nodes must list the diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs,sbs-manager.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs,sbs-manager.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4b2195571a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs,sbs-manager.txt @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +Binding for sbs-manager + +Required properties: +- compatible: "<vendor>,<part-number>", "sbs,sbs-charger" as fallback. The part + number compatible string might be used in order to take care of vendor + specific registers. +- reg: integer, i2c address of the device. Should be <0xa>. +Optional properties: +- gpio-controller: Marks the port as GPIO controller. + See "gpio-specifier" in .../devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt. +- #gpio-cells: Should be <2>. The first cell is the pin number, the second cell + is used to specify optional parameters: + See "gpio-specifier" in .../devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt. + +From OS view the device is basically an i2c-mux used to communicate with up to +four smart battery devices at address 0xb. The driver actually implements this +behaviour. So standard i2c-mux nodes can be used to register up to four slave +batteries. Channels will be numerated starting from 1 to 4. + +Example: + +batman@a { + compatible = "lltc,ltc1760", "sbs,sbs-manager"; + reg = <0x0a>; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + + i2c@1 { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + reg = <1>; + + battery@b { + compatible = "ti,bq2060", "sbs,sbs-battery"; + reg = <0x0b>; + sbs,battery-detect-gpios = <&batman 1 1>; + }; + }; + + i2c@2 { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + reg = <2>; + + battery@b { + compatible = "ti,bq2060", "sbs,sbs-battery"; + reg = <0x0b>; + sbs,battery-detect-gpios = <&batman 2 1>; + }; + }; + + i2c@3 { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + reg = <3>; + + battery@b { + compatible = "ti,bq2060", "sbs,sbs-battery"; + reg = <0x0b>; + sbs,battery-detect-gpios = <&batman 3 1>; + }; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/da9211.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/da9211.txt index 0f2a6f8fcafd..27717e816e71 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/da9211.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/da9211.txt @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ -* Dialog Semiconductor DA9211/DA9212/DA9213/DA9214/DA9215 Voltage Regulator +* Dialog Semiconductor DA9211/DA9212/DA9213/DA9223/DA9214/DA9224/DA9215/DA9225 + Voltage Regulator Required properties: -- compatible: "dlg,da9211" or "dlg,da9212" or "dlg,da9213" - or "dlg,da9214" or "dlg,da9215" +- compatible: "dlg,da9211" or "dlg,da9212" or "dlg,da9213" or "dlg,da9223" + or "dlg,da9214" or "dlg,da9224" or "dlg,da9215" or "dlg,da9225" - reg: I2C slave address, usually 0x68. - interrupts: the interrupt outputs of the controller - regulators: A node that houses a sub-node for each regulator within the @@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ Optional properties: - Any optional property defined in regulator.txt Example 1) DA9211 - pmic: da9211@68 { compatible = "dlg,da9211"; reg = <0x68>; @@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ Example 1) DA9211 }; Example 2) DA9212 - pmic: da9212@68 { compatible = "dlg,da9212"; reg = <0x68>; @@ -79,7 +78,25 @@ Example 3) DA9213 }; }; -Example 4) DA9214 +Example 4) DA9223 + pmic: da9223@68 { + compatible = "dlg,da9223"; + reg = <0x68>; + interrupts = <3 27>; + + regulators { + BUCKA { + regulator-name = "VBUCKA"; + regulator-min-microvolt = < 300000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <1570000>; + regulator-min-microamp = <3000000>; + regulator-max-microamp = <6000000>; + enable-gpios = <&gpio 27 0>; + }; + }; + }; + +Example 5) DA9214 pmic: da9214@68 { compatible = "dlg,da9214"; reg = <0x68>; @@ -105,7 +122,33 @@ Example 4) DA9214 }; }; -Example 5) DA9215 +Example 6) DA9224 + pmic: da9224@68 { + compatible = "dlg,da9224"; + reg = <0x68>; + interrupts = <3 27>; + + regulators { + BUCKA { + regulator-name = "VBUCKA"; + regulator-min-microvolt = < 300000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <1570000>; + regulator-min-microamp = <3000000>; + regulator-max-microamp = <6000000>; + enable-gpios = <&gpio 27 0>; + }; + BUCKB { + regulator-name = "VBUCKB"; + regulator-min-microvolt = < 300000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <1570000>; + regulator-min-microamp = <3000000>; + regulator-max-microamp = <6000000>; + enable-gpios = <&gpio 17 0>; + }; + }; + }; + +Example 7) DA9215 pmic: da9215@68 { compatible = "dlg,da9215"; reg = <0x68>; @@ -131,3 +174,28 @@ Example 5) DA9215 }; }; +Example 8) DA9225 + pmic: da9225@68 { + compatible = "dlg,da9225"; + reg = <0x68>; + interrupts = <3 27>; + + regulators { + BUCKA { + regulator-name = "VBUCKA"; + regulator-min-microvolt = < 300000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <1570000>; + regulator-min-microamp = <4000000>; + regulator-max-microamp = <7000000>; + enable-gpios = <&gpio 27 0>; + }; + BUCKB { + regulator-name = "VBUCKB"; + regulator-min-microvolt = < 300000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <1570000>; + regulator-min-microamp = <4000000>; + regulator-max-microamp = <7000000>; + enable-gpios = <&gpio 17 0>; + }; + }; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/pfuze100.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/pfuze100.txt index 444c47831a40..c6dd3f5e485b 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/pfuze100.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/pfuze100.txt @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Each regulator is defined using the standard binding for regulators. Example 1: PFUZE100 - pmic: pfuze100@08 { + pmic: pfuze100@8 { compatible = "fsl,pfuze100"; reg = <0x08>; @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Example 1: PFUZE100 Example 2: PFUZE200 - pmic: pfuze200@08 { + pmic: pfuze200@8 { compatible = "fsl,pfuze200"; reg = <0x08>; @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Example 2: PFUZE200 Example 3: PFUZE3000 - pmic: pfuze3000@08 { + pmic: pfuze3000@8 { compatible = "fsl,pfuze3000"; reg = <0x08>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,spmi-regulator.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,spmi-regulator.txt index 0fa3b0fac129..57d2c65899df 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,spmi-regulator.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,spmi-regulator.txt @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Qualcomm SPMI Regulators "qcom,pm8916-regulators" "qcom,pm8941-regulators" "qcom,pm8994-regulators" + "qcom,pmi8994-regulators" - interrupts: Usage: optional @@ -100,6 +101,15 @@ Qualcomm SPMI Regulators Definition: Reference to regulator supplying the input pin, as described in the data sheet. +- vdd_s1-supply: +- vdd_s2-supply: +- vdd_s3-supply: +- vdd_l1-supply: + Usage: optional (pmi8994 only) + Value type: <phandle> + Definition: Reference to regulator supplying the input pin, as + described in the data sheet. + The regulator node houses sub-nodes for each regulator within the device. Each sub-node is identified using the node's name, with valid values listed for each @@ -122,6 +132,9 @@ pm8994: l6, l7, l8, l9, l10, l11, l12, l13, l14, l15, l16, l17, l18, l19, l20, l21, l22, l23, l24, l25, l26, l27, l28, l29, l30, l31, l32, lvs1, lvs2 +pmi8994: + s1, s2, s3, l1 + The content of each sub-node is defined by the standard binding for regulators - see regulator.txt - with additional custom properties described below: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reset/snps,hsdk-reset.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reset/snps,hsdk-reset.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..830069b1c37c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reset/snps,hsdk-reset.txt @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +Binding for the Synopsys HSDK reset controller + +This binding uses the common reset binding[1]. + +[1] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/reset/reset.txt + +Required properties: +- compatible: should be "snps,hsdk-reset". +- reg: should always contain 2 pairs address - length: first for reset + configuration register and second for corresponding SW reset and status bits + register. +- #reset-cells: from common reset binding; Should always be set to 1. + +Example: + reset: reset@880 { + compatible = "snps,hsdk-reset"; + #reset-cells = <1>; + reg = <0x8A0 0x4>, <0xFF0 0x4>; + }; + +Specifying reset lines connected to IP modules: + ethernet@.... { + .... + resets = <&reset HSDK_V1_ETH_RESET>; + .... + }; + +The index could be found in <dt-bindings/reset/snps,hsdk-reset.h> diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/brcm,iproc-rng200.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/brcm,iproc-rng200.txt index e25a456664b9..0014da9145af 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/brcm,iproc-rng200.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rng/brcm,iproc-rng200.txt @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ HWRNG support for the iproc-rng200 driver Required properties: -- compatible : "brcm,iproc-rng200" +- compatible : Must be one of: + "brcm,bcm7278-rng200" + "brcm,iproc-rng200" - reg : base address and size of control register block Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/security/tpm/tpm-i2c.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/security/tpm/tpm-i2c.txt index 3eca6de6369d..a65d7b71e81a 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/security/tpm/tpm-i2c.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/security/tpm/tpm-i2c.txt @@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ Required properties: the firmware event log - linux,sml-size : size of the memory allocated for the firmware event log +Optional properties: + +- powered-while-suspended: present when the TPM is left powered on between + suspend and resume (makes the suspend/resume + callbacks do nothing). + Example (for OpenPower Systems with Nuvoton TPM 2.0 on I2C) ---------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/atmel-usart.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/atmel-usart.txt index e6e6142e33ac..7c0d6b2f53e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/atmel-usart.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/atmel-usart.txt @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Optional properties: - dma-names: "rx" for RX channel, "tx" for TX channel. - atmel,fifo-size: maximum number of data the RX and TX FIFOs can store for FIFO capable USARTs. +- rs485-rts-delay, rs485-rx-during-tx, linux,rs485-enabled-at-boot-time: see rs485.txt <chip> compatible description: - at91rm9200: legacy USART support diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-imx-uart.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-imx-uart.txt index 574c3a2c77d5..860a9559839a 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-imx-uart.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-imx-uart.txt @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Optional properties: - fsl,irda-mode : Indicate the uart supports irda mode - fsl,dte-mode : Indicate the uart works in DTE mode. The uart works in DCE mode by default. +- rs485-rts-delay, rs485-rx-during-tx, linux,rs485-enabled-at-boot-time: see rs485.txt Please check Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/serial.txt for the complete list of generic properties. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-lpuart.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-lpuart.txt index a1252a047f78..59567b51cf09 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-lpuart.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/fsl-lpuart.txt @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Required properties: Optional properties: - dmas: A list of two dma specifiers, one for each entry in dma-names. - dma-names: should contain "tx" and "rx". +- rs485-rts-delay, rs485-rx-during-tx, linux,rs485-enabled-at-boot-time: see rs485.txt Note: Optional properties for DMA support. Write them both or both not. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/omap_serial.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/omap_serial.txt index 7a71b5de77d6..43eac675f21f 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/omap_serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/omap_serial.txt @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Optional properties: - dmas : DMA specifier, consisting of a phandle to the DMA controller node and a DMA channel number. - dma-names : "rx" for receive channel, "tx" for transmit channel. +- rs485-rts-delay, rs485-rx-during-tx, linux,rs485-enabled-at-boot-time: see rs485.txt Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/renesas,sci-serial.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/renesas,sci-serial.txt index 4fc96946f81d..cf504d0380ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/renesas,sci-serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/renesas,sci-serial.txt @@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ Required properties: - "renesas,hscif-r8a7795" for R8A7795 (R-Car H3) HSCIF compatible UART. - "renesas,scif-r8a7796" for R8A7796 (R-Car M3-W) SCIF compatible UART. - "renesas,hscif-r8a7796" for R8A7796 (R-Car M3-W) HSCIF compatible UART. + - "renesas,scif-r8a77970" for R8A77970 (R-Car V3M) SCIF compatible UART. + - "renesas,hscif-r8a77970" for R8A77970 (R-Car V3M) HSCIF compatible UART. - "renesas,scif-r8a77995" for R8A77995 (R-Car D3) SCIF compatible UART. - "renesas,hscif-r8a77995" for R8A77995 (R-Car D3) HSCIF compatible UART. - "renesas,scifa-sh73a0" for SH73A0 (SH-Mobile AG5) SCIFA compatible UART. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/st,stm32-usart.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/st,stm32-usart.txt index 3657f9f9d17a..d150b04a6229 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/st,stm32-usart.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/st,stm32-usart.txt @@ -2,14 +2,10 @@ Required properties: - compatible: can be either: - - "st,stm32-usart", - "st,stm32-uart", - - "st,stm32f7-usart", - "st,stm32f7-uart", - - "st,stm32h7-usart" - "st,stm32h7-uart". - depending on whether the device supports synchronous mode - and is compatible with stm32(f4), stm32f7 or stm32h7. + depending is compatible with stm32(f4), stm32f7 or stm32h7. - reg: The address and length of the peripheral registers space - interrupts: - The interrupt line for the USART instance, @@ -33,7 +29,7 @@ usart4: serial@40004c00 { }; usart2: serial@40004400 { - compatible = "st,stm32-usart", "st,stm32-uart"; + compatible = "st,stm32-uart"; reg = <0x40004400 0x400>; interrupts = <38>; clocks = <&clk_pclk1>; @@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ usart2: serial@40004400 { }; usart1: serial@40011000 { - compatible = "st,stm32-usart", "st,stm32-uart"; + compatible = "st,stm32-uart"; reg = <0x40011000 0x400>; interrupts = <37>; clocks = <&rcc 0 164>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-card.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-card.txt index 6e6720aa33f1..d04ea3b1a1dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-card.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-card.txt @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Below are same as Simple-Card. - bitclock-master - bitclock-inversion - frame-inversion +- mclk-fs - dai-tdm-slot-num - dai-tdm-slot-width - clocks / system-clock-frequency diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-scu-card.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-scu-card.txt index 8b8afe9fcb31..441dd6f29df1 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-scu-card.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/audio-graph-scu-card.txt @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Example 1. Sampling Rate Conversion label = "sound-card"; prefix = "codec"; routing = "codec Playback", "DAI0 Playback", - "codec Playback", "DAI1 Playback"; + "DAI0 Capture", "codec Capture"; convert-rate = <48000>; dais = <&cpu_port>; @@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ Example 2. 2 CPU 1 Codec (Mixing) label = "sound-card"; prefix = "codec"; routing = "codec Playback", "DAI0 Playback", - "codec Playback", "DAI1 Playback"; + "codec Playback", "DAI1 Playback", + "DAI0 Capture", "codec Capture"; convert-rate = <48000>; dais = <&cpu_port0 diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/cs42l56.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/cs42l56.txt index 4feb0eb27ea4..4ba520a28ae8 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/cs42l56.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/cs42l56.txt @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Example: codec: codec@4b { compatible = "cirrus,cs42l56"; reg = <0x4b>; - gpio-reset = <&gpio 10 0>; + cirrus,gpio-nreset = <&gpio 10 0>; cirrus,chgfreq-divisor = <0x05>; cirrus.ain1_ref_cfg; cirrus,micbias-lvl = <5>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5514.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5514.txt index 929ca6756b02..4f33b0d96afe 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5514.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5514.txt @@ -1,22 +1,27 @@ RT5514 audio CODEC -This device supports I2C only. +This device supports both I2C and SPI. Required properties: - compatible : "realtek,rt5514". -- reg : The I2C address of the device. +- reg : the I2C address of the device for I2C, the chip select + number for SPI. Optional properties: - clocks: The phandle of the master clock to the CODEC - clock-names: Should be "mclk" +- interrupt-parent: The phandle for the interrupt controller. +- interrupts: The interrupt number to the cpu. The interrupt specifier format + depends on the interrupt controller. + - realtek,dmic-init-delay-ms - Set the DMIC initial delay (ms) to wait it ready. + Set the DMIC initial delay (ms) to wait it ready for I2C. -Pins on the device (for linking into audio routes) for RT5514: +Pins on the device (for linking into audio routes) for I2C: * DMIC1L * DMIC1R diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5663.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5663.txt index ff381718c517..497bcfc58b71 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5663.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rt5663.txt @@ -19,6 +19,22 @@ Optional properties: Based on the different PCB layout, add the manual offset value to compensate the DC offset for each L and R channel, and they are different between headphone and headset. +- "realtek,impedance_sensing_num" + The matrix row number of the impedance sensing table. + If the value is 0, it means the impedance sensing is not supported. +- "realtek,impedance_sensing_table" + The matrix rows of the impedance sensing table are consisted by impedance + minimum, impedance maximun, volume, DC offset w/o and w/ mic of each L and + R channel accordingly. Example is shown as following. + < 0 300 7 0xffd160 0xffd1c0 0xff8a10 0xff8ab0 + 301 65535 4 0xffe470 0xffe470 0xffb8e0 0xffb8e0> + The first and second column are defined for the impedance range. If the + detected impedance value is in the range, then the volume value of the + third column will be set to codec. In our codec design, each volume value + should compensate different DC offset to avoid the pop sound, and it is + also different between headphone and headset. In the example, the + "realtek,impedance_sensing_num" is 2. It means that there are 2 ranges of + impedance in the impedance sensing function. Pins on the device (for linking into audio routes) for RT5663: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/sgtl5000.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/sgtl5000.txt index 7a73a9d62015..060cb4a3b47e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/sgtl5000.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/sgtl5000.txt @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ VDDIO 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V Example: -codec: sgtl5000@0a { +codec: sgtl5000@a { compatible = "fsl,sgtl5000"; reg = <0x0a>; clocks = <&clks 150>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/st,stm32-sai.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/st,stm32-sai.txt index f1c5ae59e7c9..1f9cd7095337 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/st,stm32-sai.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/st,stm32-sai.txt @@ -10,13 +10,21 @@ Required properties: - reg: Base address and size of SAI common register set. - clocks: Must contain phandle and clock specifier pairs for each entry in clock-names. - - clock-names: Must contain "x8k" and "x11k" + - clock-names: Must contain "pclk" "x8k" and "x11k" + "pclk": Clock which feeds the peripheral bus interface. + Mandatory for "st,stm32h7-sai" compatible. + Not used for "st,stm32f4-sai" compatible. "x8k": SAI parent clock for sampling rates multiple of 8kHz. "x11k": SAI parent clock for sampling rates multiple of 11.025kHz. - interrupts: cpu DAI interrupt line shared by SAI sub-blocks Optional properties: - resets: Reference to a reset controller asserting the SAI + - st,sync: specify synchronization mode. + By default SAI sub-block is in asynchronous mode. + This property sets SAI sub-block as slave of another SAI sub-block. + Must contain the phandle and index of the sai sub-block providing + the synchronization. SAI subnodes: Two subnodes corresponding to SAI sub-block instances A et B can be defined. @@ -52,8 +60,8 @@ sai1: sai1@40015800 { #size-cells = <1>; ranges = <0 0x40015800 0x400>; reg = <0x40015800 0x4>; - clocks = <&rcc PLL1_Q>, <&rcc PLL2_P>; - clock-names = "x8k", "x11k"; + clocks = <&rcc SAI1_CK>, <&rcc PLL1_Q>, <&rcc PLL2_P>; + clock-names = "pclk", "x8k", "x11k"; interrupts = <87>; sai1a: audio-controller@40015804 { diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/tfa9879.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/tfa9879.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..23ba522d9e2b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/tfa9879.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +NXP TFA9879 class-D audio amplifier + +Required properties: + +- compatible : "nxp,tfa9879" + +- reg : the I2C address of the device + +Example: + +&i2c1 { + clock-frequency = <100000>; + pinctrl-names = "default"; + pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>; + status = "okay"; + + codec: tfa9879@6c { + #sound-dai-cells = <0>; + compatible = "nxp,tfa9879"; + reg = <0x6c>; + }; +}; + diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wlf,arizona.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wlf,arizona.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e172c62dc2df --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/wlf,arizona.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Cirrus Logic Arizona class audio SoCs + +These devices are audio SoCs with extensive digital capabilities and a range +of analogue I/O. + +This document lists sound specific bindings, see the primary binding +document: + ../mfd/arizona.txt + +Optional properties: + + - wlf,inmode : A list of INn_MODE register values, where n is the number + of input signals. Valid values are 0 (Differential), 1 (Single-ended) and + 2 (Digital Microphone). If absent, INn_MODE registers set to 0 by default. + If present, values must be specified less than or equal to the number of + input signals. If values less than the number of input signals, elements + that have not been specified are set to 0 by default. Entries are: + <IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4> (wm5102, wm5110, wm8280, wm8997) + <IN1A, IN2A, IN1B, IN2B> (wm8998, wm1814) + - wlf,out-mono : A list of boolean values indicating whether each output is + mono or stereo. Position within the list indicates the output affected + (eg. First entry in the list corresponds to output 1). A non-zero value + indicates a mono output. If present, the number of values should be less + than or equal to the number of outputs, if less values are supplied the + additional outputs will be treated as stereo. + + - wlf,dmic-ref : DMIC reference voltage source for each input, can be + selected from either MICVDD or one of the MICBIAS's, defines + (ARIZONA_DMIC_xxxx) are provided in <dt-bindings/mfd/arizona.txt>. If + present, the number of values should be less than or equal to the + number of inputs, unspecified inputs will use the chip default. + + - wlf,max-channels-clocked : The maximum number of channels to be clocked on + each AIF, useful for I2S systems with multiple data lines being mastered. + Specify one cell for each AIF to be configured, specify zero for AIFs that + should be handled normally. + If present, number of cells must be less than or equal to the number of + AIFs. If less than the number of AIFs, for cells that have not been + specified the corresponding AIFs will be treated as default setting. + + - wlf,spk-fmt : PDM speaker data format, must contain 2 cells (OUT5 and OUT6). + See the datasheet for values. + The second cell is ignored for codecs that do not have OUT6 (wm5102, wm8997, + wm8998, wm1814) + + - wlf,spk-mute : PDM speaker mute setting, must contain 2 cells (OUT5 and OUT6). + See the datasheet for values. + The second cell is ignored for codecs that do not have OUT6 (wm5102, wm8997, + wm8998, wm1814) + + - wlf,out-volume-limit : The volume limit value that should be applied to each + output channel. See the datasheet for exact values. Channels are specified + in the order OUT1L, OUT1R, OUT2L, OUT2R, etc. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/sh-msiof.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/sh-msiof.txt index e865855726a2..bdd83959019c 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/sh-msiof.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/sh-msiof.txt @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ Renesas MSIOF spi controller Required properties: -- compatible : "renesas,msiof-r8a7790" (R-Car H2) +- compatible : "renesas,msiof-r8a7743" (RZ/G1M) + "renesas,msiof-r8a7745" (RZ/G1E) + "renesas,msiof-r8a7790" (R-Car H2) "renesas,msiof-r8a7791" (R-Car M2-W) "renesas,msiof-r8a7792" (R-Car V2H) "renesas,msiof-r8a7793" (R-Car M2-N) @@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ Required properties: "renesas,msiof-r8a7796" (R-Car M3-W) "renesas,msiof-sh73a0" (SH-Mobile AG5) "renesas,sh-mobile-msiof" (generic SH-Mobile compatibile device) - "renesas,rcar-gen2-msiof" (generic R-Car Gen2 compatible device) + "renesas,rcar-gen2-msiof" (generic R-Car Gen2 and RZ/G1 compatible device) "renesas,rcar-gen3-msiof" (generic R-Car Gen3 compatible device) "renesas,sh-msiof" (deprecated) diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-davinci.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-davinci.txt index f5916c92fe91..1925277bfc1e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-davinci.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-davinci.txt @@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ Required properties: based on a specific SoC configuration. - interrupts: interrupt number mapped to CPU. - clocks: spi clk phandle + For 66AK2G this property should be set per binding, + Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/ti,sci-clk.txt + +SoC-specific Required Properties: + +The following are mandatory properties for Keystone 2 66AK2G SoCs only: + +- power-domains: Should contain a phandle to a PM domain provider node + and an args specifier containing the SPI device id + value. This property is as per the binding, Optional: - cs-gpios: gpio chip selects diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rspi.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rspi.txt index 8f4169f63936..3b02b3a7cfb2 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rspi.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rspi.txt @@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ Required properties: "renesas,rspi-<soctype>", "renesas,rspi" as fallback. For Renesas Serial Peripheral Interface on RZ/A1H: "renesas,rspi-<soctype>", "renesas,rspi-rz" as fallback. - For Quad Serial Peripheral Interface on R-Car Gen2: + For Quad Serial Peripheral Interface on R-Car Gen2 and + RZ/G1 devices: "renesas,qspi-<soctype>", "renesas,qspi" as fallback. Examples with soctypes are: - "renesas,rspi-sh7757" (SH) - "renesas,rspi-r7s72100" (RZ/A1H) + - "renesas,qspi-r8a7743" (RZ/G1M) + - "renesas,qspi-r8a7745" (RZ/G1E) - "renesas,qspi-r8a7790" (R-Car H2) - "renesas,qspi-r8a7791" (R-Car M2-W) - "renesas,qspi-r8a7792" (R-Car V2H) diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-sprd-adi.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-sprd-adi.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8de589b376ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-sprd-adi.txt @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +Spreadtrum ADI controller + +ADI is the abbreviation of Anolog-Digital interface, which is used to access +analog chip (such as PMIC) from digital chip. ADI controller follows the SPI +framework for its hardware implementation is alike to SPI bus and its timing +is compatile to SPI timing. + +ADI controller has 50 channels including 2 software read/write channels and +48 hardware channels to access analog chip. For 2 software read/write channels, +users should set ADI registers to access analog chip. For hardware channels, +we can configure them to allow other hardware components to use it independently, +which means we can just link one analog chip address to one hardware channel, +then users can access the mapped analog chip address by this hardware channel +triggered by hardware components instead of ADI software channels. + +Thus we introduce one property named "sprd,hw-channels" to configure hardware +channels, the first value specifies the hardware channel id which is used to +transfer data triggered by hardware automatically, and the second value specifies +the analog chip address where user want to access by hardware components. + +Since we have multi-subsystems will use unique ADI to access analog chip, when +one system is reading/writing data by ADI software channels, that should be under +one hardware spinlock protection to prevent other systems from reading/writing +data by ADI software channels at the same time, or two parallel routine of setting +ADI registers will make ADI controller registers chaos to lead incorrect results. +Then we need one hardware spinlock to synchronize between the multiple subsystems. + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should be "sprd,sc9860-adi". +- reg: Offset and length of ADI-SPI controller register space. +- hwlocks: Reference to a phandle of a hwlock provider node. +- hwlock-names: Reference to hwlock name strings defined in the same order + as the hwlocks, should be "adi". +- #address-cells: Number of cells required to define a chip select address + on the ADI-SPI bus. Should be set to 1. +- #size-cells: Size of cells required to define a chip select address size + on the ADI-SPI bus. Should be set to 0. + +Optional properties: +- sprd,hw-channels: This is an array of channel values up to 49 channels. + The first value specifies the hardware channel id which is used to + transfer data triggered by hardware automatically, and the second + value specifies the analog chip address where user want to access + by hardware components. + +SPI slave nodes must be children of the SPI controller node and can contain +properties described in Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-bus.txt. + +Example: + adi_bus: spi@40030000 { + compatible = "sprd,sc9860-adi"; + reg = <0 0x40030000 0 0x10000>; + hwlocks = <&hwlock1 0>; + hwlock-names = "adi"; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + sprd,hw-channels = <30 0x8c20>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,cmt.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,cmt.txt index 6ca6b9e582a0..d740989eb569 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,cmt.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,cmt.txt @@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ Required Properties: (CMT1 on sh73a0 and r8a7740) This is a fallback for the above renesas,cmt-48-* entries. - - "renesas,cmt0-r8a73a4" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a73a4. - - "renesas,cmt1-r8a73a4" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a73a4. - - "renesas,cmt0-r8a7790" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7790. - - "renesas,cmt1-r8a7790" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7790. - - "renesas,cmt0-r8a7791" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7791. - - "renesas,cmt1-r8a7791" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7791. - - "renesas,cmt0-r8a7793" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7793. - - "renesas,cmt1-r8a7793" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7793. - - "renesas,cmt0-r8a7794" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7794. - - "renesas,cmt1-r8a7794" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7794. + - "renesas,r8a73a4-cmt0" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a73a4. + - "renesas,r8a73a4-cmt1" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a73a4. + - "renesas,r8a7790-cmt0" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7790. + - "renesas,r8a7790-cmt1" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7790. + - "renesas,r8a7791-cmt0" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7791. + - "renesas,r8a7791-cmt1" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7791. + - "renesas,r8a7793-cmt0" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7793. + - "renesas,r8a7793-cmt1" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7793. + - "renesas,r8a7794-cmt0" for the 32-bit CMT0 device included in r8a7794. + - "renesas,r8a7794-cmt1" for the 48-bit CMT1 device included in r8a7794. - "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt0" for 32-bit CMT0 devices included in R-Car Gen2. - "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt1" for 48-bit CMT1 devices included in R-Car Gen2. @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Required Properties: Example: R8A7790 (R-Car H2) CMT0 and CMT1 nodes cmt0: timer@ffca0000 { - compatible = "renesas,cmt0-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt0"; + compatible = "renesas,r8a7790-cmt0", "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt0"; reg = <0 0xffca0000 0 0x1004>; interrupts = <0 142 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>, <0 142 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Example: R8A7790 (R-Car H2) CMT0 and CMT1 nodes }; cmt1: timer@e6130000 { - compatible = "renesas,cmt1-r8a7790", "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt1"; + compatible = "renesas,r8a7790-cmt1", "renesas,rcar-gen2-cmt1"; reg = <0 0xe6130000 0 0x1004>; interrupts = <0 120 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>, <0 121 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>, diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/trivial-devices.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/trivial-devices.txt index 4b169caab0eb..27dce08edd73 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/trivial-devices.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/trivial-devices.txt @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ isil,isl29028 Intersil ISL29028 Ambient Light and Proximity Sensor isil,isl29030 Intersil ISL29030 Ambient Light and Proximity Sensor maxim,ds1050 5 Bit Programmable, Pulse-Width Modulator maxim,max1237 Low-Power, 4-/12-Channel, 2-Wire Serial, 12-Bit ADCs +maxim,max6621 PECI-to-I2C translator for PECI-to-SMBus/I2C protocol conversion maxim,max6625 9-Bit/12-Bit Temperature Sensors with I²C-Compatible Serial Interface mc,rv3029c2 Real Time Clock Module with I2C-Bus mcube,mc3230 mCube 3-axis 8-bit digital accelerometer diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/dwc2.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/dwc2.txt index fcf199b64d3d..e64d903bcbe8 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/dwc2.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/dwc2.txt @@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Required properties: configured in FS mode; - "st,stm32f4x9-hsotg": The DWC2 USB HS controller instance in STM32F4x9 SoCs configured in HS mode; + - "st,stm32f7xx-hsotg": The DWC2 USB HS controller instance in STM32F7xx SoCs + configured in HS mode; - reg : Should contain 1 register range (address and length) - interrupts : Should contain 1 interrupt - clocks: clock provider specifier diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/maxim,max3421.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/maxim,max3421.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8cdbe0c85188 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/maxim,max3421.txt @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +Maxim Integrated SPI-based USB 2.0 host controller MAX3421E + +Required properties: + - compatible: Should be "maxim,max3421" + - spi-max-frequency: maximum frequency for this device must not exceed 26 MHz. + - reg: chip select number to which this device is connected. + - maxim,vbus-en-pin: <GPOUTx ACTIVE_LEVEL> + GPOUTx is the number (1-8) of the GPOUT pin of MAX3421E to drive Vbus. + ACTIVE_LEVEL is 0 or 1. + - interrupts: the interrupt line description for the interrupt controller. + The driver configures MAX3421E for active low level triggered interrupts, + configure your interrupt line accordingly. + +Optional property: + - interrupt-parent: the phandle to the associated interrupt controller. + +Example: + + usb@0 { + compatible = "maxim,max3421"; + reg = <0>; + maxim,vbus-en-pin = <3 1>; + spi-max-frequency = <26000000>; + interrupt-parent = <&PIC>; + interrupts = <42>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtk-xhci.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtk-xhci.txt index 5611a2e4ddf0..30595964876a 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtk-xhci.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtk-xhci.txt @@ -26,10 +26,11 @@ Required properties: - clocks : a list of phandle + clock-specifier pairs, one for each entry in clock-names - clock-names : must contain - "sys_ck": for clock of xHCI MAC - "ref_ck": for reference clock of xHCI MAC - "wakeup_deb_p0": for USB wakeup debounce clock of port0 - "wakeup_deb_p1": for USB wakeup debounce clock of port1 + "sys_ck": controller clock used by normal mode, + the following ones are optional: + "ref_ck": reference clock used by low power mode etc, + "mcu_ck": mcu_bus clock for register access, + "dma_ck": dma_bus clock for data transfer by DMA - phys : a list of phandle + phy specifier pairs @@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ Optional properties: mode; - mediatek,syscon-wakeup : phandle to syscon used to access USB wakeup control register, it depends on "mediatek,wakeup-src". + - mediatek,u3p-dis-msk : mask to disable u3ports, bit0 for u3port0, + bit1 for u3port1, ... etc; - vbus-supply : reference to the VBUS regulator; - usb3-lpm-capable : supports USB3.0 LPM - pinctrl-names : a pinctrl state named "default" must be defined @@ -55,9 +58,7 @@ usb30: usb@11270000 { clocks = <&topckgen CLK_TOP_USB30_SEL>, <&clk26m>, <&pericfg CLK_PERI_USB0>, <&pericfg CLK_PERI_USB1>; - clock-names = "sys_ck", "ref_ck", - "wakeup_deb_p0", - "wakeup_deb_p1"; + clock-names = "sys_ck", "ref_ck"; phys = <&phy_port0 PHY_TYPE_USB3>, <&phy_port1 PHY_TYPE_USB2>; vusb33-supply = <&mt6397_vusb_reg>; @@ -89,9 +90,8 @@ Required properties: - clocks : a list of phandle + clock-specifier pairs, one for each entry in clock-names - - clock-names : must be - "sys_ck": for clock of xHCI MAC - "ref_ck": for reference clock of xHCI MAC + - clock-names : must contain "sys_ck", and the following ones are optional: + "ref_ck", "mcu_ck" and "dma_ck" Optional properties: - vbus-supply : reference to the VBUS regulator; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtu3.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtu3.txt index 49f54767cd21..b2271d8e6b50 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtu3.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/mediatek,mtu3.txt @@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Required properties: - vusb33-supply : regulator of USB avdd3.3v - clocks : a list of phandle + clock-specifier pairs, one for each entry in clock-names - - clock-names : must contain "sys_ck" and "ref_ck" for clock of controller; - "wakeup_deb_p0" and "wakeup_deb_p1" are optional, they are - depends on "mediatek,enable-wakeup" + - clock-names : must contain "sys_ck" for clock of controller, + the following clocks are optional: + "ref_ck", "mcu_ck" and "dam_ck"; - phys : a list of phandle + phy specifier pairs - dr_mode : should be one of "host", "peripheral" or "otg", refer to usb/generic.txt @@ -30,9 +30,10 @@ Optional properties: when supports dual-role mode. - vbus-supply : reference to the VBUS regulator, needed when supports dual-role mode. - - pinctl-names : a pinctrl state named "default" must be defined, - "id_float" and "id_ground" are optinal which depends on - "mediatek,enable-manual-drd" + - pinctrl-names : a pinctrl state named "default" is optional, and need be + defined if auto drd switch is enabled, that means the property dr_mode + is set as "otg", and meanwhile the property "mediatek,enable-manual-drd" + is not set. - pinctrl-0 : pin control group See: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt @@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ Optional properties: - mediatek,enable-wakeup : supports ip sleep wakeup used by host mode - mediatek,syscon-wakeup : phandle to syscon used to access USB wakeup control register, it depends on "mediatek,enable-wakeup". + - mediatek,u3p-dis-msk : mask to disable u3ports, bit0 for u3port0, + bit1 for u3port1, ... etc; Sub-nodes: The xhci should be added as subnode to mtu3 as shown in the following example @@ -63,9 +66,7 @@ ssusb: usb@11271000 { clocks = <&topckgen CLK_TOP_USB30_SEL>, <&clk26m>, <&pericfg CLK_PERI_USB0>, <&pericfg CLK_PERI_USB1>; - clock-names = "sys_ck", "ref_ck", - "wakeup_deb_p0", - "wakeup_deb_p1"; + clock-names = "sys_ck", "ref_ck"; vusb33-supply = <&mt6397_vusb_reg>; vbus-supply = <&usb_p0_vbus>; extcon = <&extcon_usb>; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usb3.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usb3.txt index e28025883b79..87a45e2f9b7f 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usb3.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usb3.txt @@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ Required properties: - interrupts: Interrupt specifier for the USB3.0 Peripheral - clocks: clock phandle and specifier pair +Optional properties: + - phys: phandle + phy specifier pair + - phy-names: must be "usb" + Example of R-Car H3 ES1.x: usb3_peri0: usb@ee020000 { compatible = "renesas,r8a7795-usb3-peri", diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usbhs.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usbhs.txt index 9e18e000339e..47394ab788e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usbhs.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/renesas_usbhs.txt @@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ Renesas Electronics USBHS driver Required properties: - compatible: Must contain one or more of the following: + - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7743" for r8a7743 (RZ/G1M) compatible device + - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7745" for r8a7745 (RZ/G1E) compatible device - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7790" for r8a7790 (R-Car H2) compatible device - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7791" for r8a7791 (R-Car M2-W) compatible device - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7792" for r8a7792 (R-Car V2H) compatible device @@ -10,7 +12,8 @@ Required properties: - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7794" for r8a7794 (R-Car E2) compatible device - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7795" for r8a7795 (R-Car H3) compatible device - "renesas,usbhs-r8a7796" for r8a7796 (R-Car M3-W) compatible device - - "renesas,rcar-gen2-usbhs" for R-Car Gen2 compatible device + - "renesas,usbhs-r8a77995" for r8a77995 (R-Car D3) compatible device + - "renesas,rcar-gen2-usbhs" for R-Car Gen2 or RZ/G1 compatible devices - "renesas,rcar-gen3-usbhs" for R-Car Gen3 compatible device When compatible with the generic version, nodes must list the diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb-xhci.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb-xhci.txt index 2d80b60eeabe..ae6e484a8d7c 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb-xhci.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb-xhci.txt @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Required properties: Optional properties: - clocks: reference to a clock + - usb2-lpm-disable: indicate if we don't want to enable USB2 HW LPM - usb3-lpm-capable: determines if platform is USB3 LPM capable - quirk-broken-port-ped: set if the controller has broken port disable mechanism diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb251xb.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb251xb.txt index 3957d4edaa74..168ff819e827 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb251xb.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/usb/usb251xb.txt @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ Microchip USB 2.0 Hi-Speed Hub Controller -The device node for the configuration of a Microchip USB251xB/xBi USB 2.0 +The device node for the configuration of a Microchip USB251x/xBi USB 2.0 Hi-Speed Controller. Required properties : - compatible : Should be "microchip,usb251xb" or one of the specific types: "microchip,usb2512b", "microchip,usb2512bi", "microchip,usb2513b", - "microchip,usb2513bi", "microchip,usb2514b", "microchip,usb2514bi" - - reset-gpios : Should specify the gpio for hub reset + "microchip,usb2513bi", "microchip,usb2514b", "microchip,usb2514bi", + "microchip,usb2517", "microchip,usb2517i" - reg : I2C address on the selected bus (default is <0x2C>) Optional properties : + - reset-gpios : Should specify the gpio for hub reset - skip-config : Skip Hub configuration, but only send the USB-Attach command - vendor-id : Set USB Vendor ID of the hub (16 bit, default is 0x0424) - product-id : Set USB Product ID of the hub (16 bit, default depends on type) @@ -19,29 +20,47 @@ Optional properties : - manufacturer : Set USB Manufacturer string (max 31 characters long) - product : Set USB Product string (max 31 characters long) - serial : Set USB Serial string (max 31 characters long) - - {bus,self}-powered : selects between self- and bus-powered operation (default - is self-powered) - - disable-hi-speed : disable USB Hi-Speed support + - {bus,self}-powered : selects between self- and bus-powered operation + (boolean, default is self-powered) + - disable-hi-speed : disable USB Hi-Speed support (boolean) - {multi,single}-tt : selects between multi- and single-transaction-translator - (default is multi-tt) - - disable-eop : disable End of Packet generation in full-speed mode + (boolean, default is multi-tt) + - disable-eop : disable End of Packet generation in full-speed mode (boolean) - {ganged,individual}-sensing : select over-current sense type in self-powered - mode (default is individual) + mode (boolean, default is individual) - {ganged,individual}-port-switching : select port power switching mode - (default is individual) + (boolean, default is individual) - dynamic-power-switching : enable auto-switching from self- to bus-powered - operation if the local power source is removed or unavailable + operation if the local power source is removed or unavailable (boolean) - oc-delay-us : Delay time (in microseconds) for filtering the over-current sense inputs. Valid values are 100, 4000, 8000 (default) and 16000. If an invalid value is given, the default is used instead. - - compound-device : indicate the hub is part of a compound device - - port-mapping-mode : enable port mapping mode + - compound-device : indicate the hub is part of a compound device (boolean) + - port-mapping-mode : enable port mapping mode (boolean) + - led-{usb,speed}-mode : led usb/speed indication mode selection + (boolean, default is speed mode) - string-support : enable string descriptor support (required for manufacturer, product and serial string configuration) - non-removable-ports : Should specify the ports which have a non-removable device connected. - sp-disabled-ports : Specifies the ports which will be self-power disabled - bp-disabled-ports : Specifies the ports which will be bus-power disabled + - sp-max-total-current-microamp: Specifies max current consumed by the hub + from VBUS when operating in self-powered hub. It includes the hub + silicon along with all associated circuitry including a permanently + attached peripheral (range: 0 - 100000 uA, default 1000 uA) + - bp-max-total-current-microamp: Specifies max current consumed by the hub + from VBUS when operating in self-powered hub. It includes the hub + silicon along with all associated circuitry including a permanently + attached peripheral (range: 0 - 510000 uA, default 100000 uA) + - sp-max-removable-current-microamp: Specifies max current consumed by the hub + from VBUS when operating in self-powered hub. It includes the hub + silicon along with all associated circuitry excluding a permanently + attached peripheral (range: 0 - 100000 uA, default 1000 uA) + - bp-max-removable-current-microamp: Specifies max current consumed by the hub + from VBUS when operating in self-powered hub. It includes the hub + silicon along with all associated circuitry excluding a permanently + attached peripheral (range: 0 - 510000 uA, default 100000 uA) - power-on-time-ms : Specifies the time it takes from the time the host initiates the power-on sequence to a port until the port has adequate power. The value is given in ms in a 0 - 510 range (default is 100ms). @@ -56,7 +75,6 @@ Examples: usb2514b@2c { compatible = "microchip,usb2514b"; reg = <0x2c>; - reset-gpios = <&gpio1 4 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>; vendor-id = /bits/ 16 <0x0000>; product-id = /bits/ 16 <0x0000>; string-support; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.txt index b2c1b8d80367..0f295a4798ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.txt @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ Device tree binding vendor prefix registry. Keep list in alphabetical order. This isn't an exhaustive list, but you should add new prefixes to it before using them to avoid name-space collisions. -abcn Abracon Corporation abilis Abilis Systems +abracon Abracon Corporation actions Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. active-semi Active-Semi International Inc ad Avionic Design GmbH @@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ gw Gateworks Corporation hannstar HannStar Display Corporation haoyu Haoyu Microelectronic Co. Ltd. hardkernel Hardkernel Co., Ltd +hideep HiDeep Inc. himax Himax Technologies, Inc. hisilicon Hisilicon Limited. hit Hitachi Ltd. @@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ onnn ON Semiconductor Corp. ontat On Tat Industrial Company opalkelly Opal Kelly Incorporated opencores OpenCores.org +openrisc OpenRISC.io option Option NV ORCL Oracle Corporation ortustech Ortus Technology Co., Ltd. diff --git a/Documentation/dmaengine/00-INDEX b/Documentation/dmaengine/00-INDEX deleted file mode 100644 index 07de6573d22b..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/dmaengine/00-INDEX +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -00-INDEX - - this file. -client.txt - -the DMA Engine API Guide. -dmatest.txt - - how to compile, configure and use the dmatest system. -provider.txt - - the DMA controller API.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/dmaengine/client.txt b/Documentation/dmaengine/client.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c72b4563de10..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/dmaengine/client.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,222 +0,0 @@ - DMA Engine API Guide - ==================== - - Vinod Koul <vinod dot koul at intel.com> - -NOTE: For DMA Engine usage in async_tx please see: - Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt - - -Below is a guide to device driver writers on how to use the Slave-DMA API of the -DMA Engine. This is applicable only for slave DMA usage only. - -The slave DMA usage consists of following steps: -1. Allocate a DMA slave channel -2. Set slave and controller specific parameters -3. Get a descriptor for transaction -4. Submit the transaction -5. Issue pending requests and wait for callback notification - -1. Allocate a DMA slave channel - - Channel allocation is slightly different in the slave DMA context, - client drivers typically need a channel from a particular DMA - controller only and even in some cases a specific channel is desired. - To request a channel dma_request_chan() API is used. - - Interface: - struct dma_chan *dma_request_chan(struct device *dev, const char *name); - - Which will find and return the 'name' DMA channel associated with the 'dev' - device. The association is done via DT, ACPI or board file based - dma_slave_map matching table. - - A channel allocated via this interface is exclusive to the caller, - until dma_release_channel() is called. - -2. Set slave and controller specific parameters - - Next step is always to pass some specific information to the DMA - driver. Most of the generic information which a slave DMA can use - is in struct dma_slave_config. This allows the clients to specify - DMA direction, DMA addresses, bus widths, DMA burst lengths etc - for the peripheral. - - If some DMA controllers have more parameters to be sent then they - should try to embed struct dma_slave_config in their controller - specific structure. That gives flexibility to client to pass more - parameters, if required. - - Interface: - int dmaengine_slave_config(struct dma_chan *chan, - struct dma_slave_config *config) - - Please see the dma_slave_config structure definition in dmaengine.h - for a detailed explanation of the struct members. Please note - that the 'direction' member will be going away as it duplicates the - direction given in the prepare call. - -3. Get a descriptor for transaction - - For slave usage the various modes of slave transfers supported by the - DMA-engine are: - - slave_sg - DMA a list of scatter gather buffers from/to a peripheral - dma_cyclic - Perform a cyclic DMA operation from/to a peripheral till the - operation is explicitly stopped. - interleaved_dma - This is common to Slave as well as M2M clients. For slave - address of devices' fifo could be already known to the driver. - Various types of operations could be expressed by setting - appropriate values to the 'dma_interleaved_template' members. - - A non-NULL return of this transfer API represents a "descriptor" for - the given transaction. - - Interface: - struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_slave_sg( - struct dma_chan *chan, struct scatterlist *sgl, - unsigned int sg_len, enum dma_data_direction direction, - unsigned long flags); - - struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_dma_cyclic( - struct dma_chan *chan, dma_addr_t buf_addr, size_t buf_len, - size_t period_len, enum dma_data_direction direction); - - struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_interleaved_dma( - struct dma_chan *chan, struct dma_interleaved_template *xt, - unsigned long flags); - - The peripheral driver is expected to have mapped the scatterlist for - the DMA operation prior to calling dmaengine_prep_slave_sg(), and must - keep the scatterlist mapped until the DMA operation has completed. - The scatterlist must be mapped using the DMA struct device. - If a mapping needs to be synchronized later, dma_sync_*_for_*() must be - called using the DMA struct device, too. - So, normal setup should look like this: - - nr_sg = dma_map_sg(chan->device->dev, sgl, sg_len); - if (nr_sg == 0) - /* error */ - - desc = dmaengine_prep_slave_sg(chan, sgl, nr_sg, direction, flags); - - Once a descriptor has been obtained, the callback information can be - added and the descriptor must then be submitted. Some DMA engine - drivers may hold a spinlock between a successful preparation and - submission so it is important that these two operations are closely - paired. - - Note: - Although the async_tx API specifies that completion callback - routines cannot submit any new operations, this is not the - case for slave/cyclic DMA. - - For slave DMA, the subsequent transaction may not be available - for submission prior to callback function being invoked, so - slave DMA callbacks are permitted to prepare and submit a new - transaction. - - For cyclic DMA, a callback function may wish to terminate the - DMA via dmaengine_terminate_async(). - - Therefore, it is important that DMA engine drivers drop any - locks before calling the callback function which may cause a - deadlock. - - Note that callbacks will always be invoked from the DMA - engines tasklet, never from interrupt context. - -4. Submit the transaction - - Once the descriptor has been prepared and the callback information - added, it must be placed on the DMA engine drivers pending queue. - - Interface: - dma_cookie_t dmaengine_submit(struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc) - - This returns a cookie can be used to check the progress of DMA engine - activity via other DMA engine calls not covered in this document. - - dmaengine_submit() will not start the DMA operation, it merely adds - it to the pending queue. For this, see step 5, dma_async_issue_pending. - -5. Issue pending DMA requests and wait for callback notification - - The transactions in the pending queue can be activated by calling the - issue_pending API. If channel is idle then the first transaction in - queue is started and subsequent ones queued up. - - On completion of each DMA operation, the next in queue is started and - a tasklet triggered. The tasklet will then call the client driver - completion callback routine for notification, if set. - - Interface: - void dma_async_issue_pending(struct dma_chan *chan); - -Further APIs: - -1. int dmaengine_terminate_sync(struct dma_chan *chan) - int dmaengine_terminate_async(struct dma_chan *chan) - int dmaengine_terminate_all(struct dma_chan *chan) /* DEPRECATED */ - - This causes all activity for the DMA channel to be stopped, and may - discard data in the DMA FIFO which hasn't been fully transferred. - No callback functions will be called for any incomplete transfers. - - Two variants of this function are available. - - dmaengine_terminate_async() might not wait until the DMA has been fully - stopped or until any running complete callbacks have finished. But it is - possible to call dmaengine_terminate_async() from atomic context or from - within a complete callback. dmaengine_synchronize() must be called before it - is safe to free the memory accessed by the DMA transfer or free resources - accessed from within the complete callback. - - dmaengine_terminate_sync() will wait for the transfer and any running - complete callbacks to finish before it returns. But the function must not be - called from atomic context or from within a complete callback. - - dmaengine_terminate_all() is deprecated and should not be used in new code. - -2. int dmaengine_pause(struct dma_chan *chan) - - This pauses activity on the DMA channel without data loss. - -3. int dmaengine_resume(struct dma_chan *chan) - - Resume a previously paused DMA channel. It is invalid to resume a - channel which is not currently paused. - -4. enum dma_status dma_async_is_tx_complete(struct dma_chan *chan, - dma_cookie_t cookie, dma_cookie_t *last, dma_cookie_t *used) - - This can be used to check the status of the channel. Please see - the documentation in include/linux/dmaengine.h for a more complete - description of this API. - - This can be used in conjunction with dma_async_is_complete() and - the cookie returned from dmaengine_submit() to check for - completion of a specific DMA transaction. - - Note: - Not all DMA engine drivers can return reliable information for - a running DMA channel. It is recommended that DMA engine users - pause or stop (via dmaengine_terminate_all()) the channel before - using this API. - -5. void dmaengine_synchronize(struct dma_chan *chan) - - Synchronize the termination of the DMA channel to the current context. - - This function should be used after dmaengine_terminate_async() to synchronize - the termination of the DMA channel to the current context. The function will - wait for the transfer and any running complete callbacks to finish before it - returns. - - If dmaengine_terminate_async() is used to stop the DMA channel this function - must be called before it is safe to free memory accessed by previously - submitted descriptors or to free any resources accessed within the complete - callback of previously submitted descriptors. - - The behavior of this function is undefined if dma_async_issue_pending() has - been called between dmaengine_terminate_async() and this function. diff --git a/Documentation/dmaengine/provider.txt b/Documentation/dmaengine/provider.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5dbe054a40ad..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/dmaengine/provider.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,424 +0,0 @@ -DMAengine controller documentation -================================== - -Hardware Introduction -+++++++++++++++++++++ - -Most of the Slave DMA controllers have the same general principles of -operations. - -They have a given number of channels to use for the DMA transfers, and -a given number of requests lines. - -Requests and channels are pretty much orthogonal. Channels can be used -to serve several to any requests. To simplify, channels are the -entities that will be doing the copy, and requests what endpoints are -involved. - -The request lines actually correspond to physical lines going from the -DMA-eligible devices to the controller itself. Whenever the device -will want to start a transfer, it will assert a DMA request (DRQ) by -asserting that request line. - -A very simple DMA controller would only take into account a single -parameter: the transfer size. At each clock cycle, it would transfer a -byte of data from one buffer to another, until the transfer size has -been reached. - -That wouldn't work well in the real world, since slave devices might -require a specific number of bits to be transferred in a single -cycle. For example, we may want to transfer as much data as the -physical bus allows to maximize performances when doing a simple -memory copy operation, but our audio device could have a narrower FIFO -that requires data to be written exactly 16 or 24 bits at a time. This -is why most if not all of the DMA controllers can adjust this, using a -parameter called the transfer width. - -Moreover, some DMA controllers, whenever the RAM is used as a source -or destination, can group the reads or writes in memory into a buffer, -so instead of having a lot of small memory accesses, which is not -really efficient, you'll get several bigger transfers. This is done -using a parameter called the burst size, that defines how many single -reads/writes it's allowed to do without the controller splitting the -transfer into smaller sub-transfers. - -Our theoretical DMA controller would then only be able to do transfers -that involve a single contiguous block of data. However, some of the -transfers we usually have are not, and want to copy data from -non-contiguous buffers to a contiguous buffer, which is called -scatter-gather. - -DMAEngine, at least for mem2dev transfers, require support for -scatter-gather. So we're left with two cases here: either we have a -quite simple DMA controller that doesn't support it, and we'll have to -implement it in software, or we have a more advanced DMA controller, -that implements in hardware scatter-gather. - -The latter are usually programmed using a collection of chunks to -transfer, and whenever the transfer is started, the controller will go -over that collection, doing whatever we programmed there. - -This collection is usually either a table or a linked list. You will -then push either the address of the table and its number of elements, -or the first item of the list to one channel of the DMA controller, -and whenever a DRQ will be asserted, it will go through the collection -to know where to fetch the data from. - -Either way, the format of this collection is completely dependent on -your hardware. Each DMA controller will require a different structure, -but all of them will require, for every chunk, at least the source and -destination addresses, whether it should increment these addresses or -not and the three parameters we saw earlier: the burst size, the -transfer width and the transfer size. - -The one last thing is that usually, slave devices won't issue DRQ by -default, and you have to enable this in your slave device driver first -whenever you're willing to use DMA. - -These were just the general memory-to-memory (also called mem2mem) or -memory-to-device (mem2dev) kind of transfers. Most devices often -support other kind of transfers or memory operations that dmaengine -support and will be detailed later in this document. - -DMA Support in Linux -++++++++++++++++++++ - -Historically, DMA controller drivers have been implemented using the -async TX API, to offload operations such as memory copy, XOR, -cryptography, etc., basically any memory to memory operation. - -Over time, the need for memory to device transfers arose, and -dmaengine was extended. Nowadays, the async TX API is written as a -layer on top of dmaengine, and acts as a client. Still, dmaengine -accommodates that API in some cases, and made some design choices to -ensure that it stayed compatible. - -For more information on the Async TX API, please look the relevant -documentation file in Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt. - -DMAEngine Registration -++++++++++++++++++++++ - -struct dma_device Initialization --------------------------------- - -Just like any other kernel framework, the whole DMAEngine registration -relies on the driver filling a structure and registering against the -framework. In our case, that structure is dma_device. - -The first thing you need to do in your driver is to allocate this -structure. Any of the usual memory allocators will do, but you'll also -need to initialize a few fields in there: - - * channels: should be initialized as a list using the - INIT_LIST_HEAD macro for example - - * src_addr_widths: - - should contain a bitmask of the supported source transfer width - - * dst_addr_widths: - - should contain a bitmask of the supported destination transfer - width - - * directions: - - should contain a bitmask of the supported slave directions - (i.e. excluding mem2mem transfers) - - * residue_granularity: - - Granularity of the transfer residue reported to dma_set_residue. - - This can be either: - + Descriptor - -> Your device doesn't support any kind of residue - reporting. The framework will only know that a particular - transaction descriptor is done. - + Segment - -> Your device is able to report which chunks have been - transferred - + Burst - -> Your device is able to report which burst have been - transferred - - * dev: should hold the pointer to the struct device associated - to your current driver instance. - -Supported transaction types ---------------------------- - -The next thing you need is to set which transaction types your device -(and driver) supports. - -Our dma_device structure has a field called cap_mask that holds the -various types of transaction supported, and you need to modify this -mask using the dma_cap_set function, with various flags depending on -transaction types you support as an argument. - -All those capabilities are defined in the dma_transaction_type enum, -in include/linux/dmaengine.h - -Currently, the types available are: - * DMA_MEMCPY - - The device is able to do memory to memory copies - - * DMA_XOR - - The device is able to perform XOR operations on memory areas - - Used to accelerate XOR intensive tasks, such as RAID5 - - * DMA_XOR_VAL - - The device is able to perform parity check using the XOR - algorithm against a memory buffer. - - * DMA_PQ - - The device is able to perform RAID6 P+Q computations, P being a - simple XOR, and Q being a Reed-Solomon algorithm. - - * DMA_PQ_VAL - - The device is able to perform parity check using RAID6 P+Q - algorithm against a memory buffer. - - * DMA_INTERRUPT - - The device is able to trigger a dummy transfer that will - generate periodic interrupts - - Used by the client drivers to register a callback that will be - called on a regular basis through the DMA controller interrupt - - * DMA_PRIVATE - - The devices only supports slave transfers, and as such isn't - available for async transfers. - - * DMA_ASYNC_TX - - Must not be set by the device, and will be set by the framework - if needed - - /* TODO: What is it about? */ - - * DMA_SLAVE - - The device can handle device to memory transfers, including - scatter-gather transfers. - - While in the mem2mem case we were having two distinct types to - deal with a single chunk to copy or a collection of them, here, - we just have a single transaction type that is supposed to - handle both. - - If you want to transfer a single contiguous memory buffer, - simply build a scatter list with only one item. - - * DMA_CYCLIC - - The device can handle cyclic transfers. - - A cyclic transfer is a transfer where the chunk collection will - loop over itself, with the last item pointing to the first. - - It's usually used for audio transfers, where you want to operate - on a single ring buffer that you will fill with your audio data. - - * DMA_INTERLEAVE - - The device supports interleaved transfer. - - These transfers can transfer data from a non-contiguous buffer - to a non-contiguous buffer, opposed to DMA_SLAVE that can - transfer data from a non-contiguous data set to a continuous - destination buffer. - - It's usually used for 2d content transfers, in which case you - want to transfer a portion of uncompressed data directly to the - display to print it - -These various types will also affect how the source and destination -addresses change over time. - -Addresses pointing to RAM are typically incremented (or decremented) -after each transfer. In case of a ring buffer, they may loop -(DMA_CYCLIC). Addresses pointing to a device's register (e.g. a FIFO) -are typically fixed. - -Device operations ------------------ - -Our dma_device structure also requires a few function pointers in -order to implement the actual logic, now that we described what -operations we were able to perform. - -The functions that we have to fill in there, and hence have to -implement, obviously depend on the transaction types you reported as -supported. - - * device_alloc_chan_resources - * device_free_chan_resources - - These functions will be called whenever a driver will call - dma_request_channel or dma_release_channel for the first/last - time on the channel associated to that driver. - - They are in charge of allocating/freeing all the needed - resources in order for that channel to be useful for your - driver. - - These functions can sleep. - - * device_prep_dma_* - - These functions are matching the capabilities you registered - previously. - - These functions all take the buffer or the scatterlist relevant - for the transfer being prepared, and should create a hardware - descriptor or a list of hardware descriptors from it - - These functions can be called from an interrupt context - - Any allocation you might do should be using the GFP_NOWAIT - flag, in order not to potentially sleep, but without depleting - the emergency pool either. - - Drivers should try to pre-allocate any memory they might need - during the transfer setup at probe time to avoid putting to - much pressure on the nowait allocator. - - - It should return a unique instance of the - dma_async_tx_descriptor structure, that further represents this - particular transfer. - - - This structure can be initialized using the function - dma_async_tx_descriptor_init. - - You'll also need to set two fields in this structure: - + flags: - TODO: Can it be modified by the driver itself, or - should it be always the flags passed in the arguments - - + tx_submit: A pointer to a function you have to implement, - that is supposed to push the current - transaction descriptor to a pending queue, waiting - for issue_pending to be called. - - In this structure the function pointer callback_result can be - initialized in order for the submitter to be notified that a - transaction has completed. In the earlier code the function pointer - callback has been used. However it does not provide any status to the - transaction and will be deprecated. The result structure defined as - dmaengine_result that is passed in to callback_result has two fields: - + result: This provides the transfer result defined by - dmaengine_tx_result. Either success or some error - condition. - + residue: Provides the residue bytes of the transfer for those that - support residue. - - * device_issue_pending - - Takes the first transaction descriptor in the pending queue, - and starts the transfer. Whenever that transfer is done, it - should move to the next transaction in the list. - - This function can be called in an interrupt context - - * device_tx_status - - Should report the bytes left to go over on the given channel - - Should only care about the transaction descriptor passed as - argument, not the currently active one on a given channel - - The tx_state argument might be NULL - - Should use dma_set_residue to report it - - In the case of a cyclic transfer, it should only take into - account the current period. - - This function can be called in an interrupt context. - - * device_config - - Reconfigures the channel with the configuration given as - argument - - This command should NOT perform synchronously, or on any - currently queued transfers, but only on subsequent ones - - In this case, the function will receive a dma_slave_config - structure pointer as an argument, that will detail which - configuration to use. - - Even though that structure contains a direction field, this - field is deprecated in favor of the direction argument given to - the prep_* functions - - This call is mandatory for slave operations only. This should NOT be - set or expected to be set for memcpy operations. - If a driver support both, it should use this call for slave - operations only and not for memcpy ones. - - * device_pause - - Pauses a transfer on the channel - - This command should operate synchronously on the channel, - pausing right away the work of the given channel - - * device_resume - - Resumes a transfer on the channel - - This command should operate synchronously on the channel, - resuming right away the work of the given channel - - * device_terminate_all - - Aborts all the pending and ongoing transfers on the channel - - For aborted transfers the complete callback should not be called - - Can be called from atomic context or from within a complete - callback of a descriptor. Must not sleep. Drivers must be able - to handle this correctly. - - Termination may be asynchronous. The driver does not have to - wait until the currently active transfer has completely stopped. - See device_synchronize. - - * device_synchronize - - Must synchronize the termination of a channel to the current - context. - - Must make sure that memory for previously submitted - descriptors is no longer accessed by the DMA controller. - - Must make sure that all complete callbacks for previously - submitted descriptors have finished running and none are - scheduled to run. - - May sleep. - - -Misc notes (stuff that should be documented, but don't really know -where to put them) ------------------------------------------------------------------- - * dma_run_dependencies - - Should be called at the end of an async TX transfer, and can be - ignored in the slave transfers case. - - Makes sure that dependent operations are run before marking it - as complete. - - * dma_cookie_t - - it's a DMA transaction ID that will increment over time. - - Not really relevant any more since the introduction of virt-dma - that abstracts it away. - - * DMA_CTRL_ACK - - If clear, the descriptor cannot be reused by provider until the - client acknowledges receipt, i.e. has has a chance to establish any - dependency chains - - This can be acked by invoking async_tx_ack() - - If set, does not mean descriptor can be reused - - * DMA_CTRL_REUSE - - If set, the descriptor can be reused after being completed. It should - not be freed by provider if this flag is set. - - The descriptor should be prepared for reuse by invoking - dmaengine_desc_set_reuse() which will set DMA_CTRL_REUSE. - - dmaengine_desc_set_reuse() will succeed only when channel support - reusable descriptor as exhibited by capabilities - - As a consequence, if a device driver wants to skip the dma_map_sg() and - dma_unmap_sg() in between 2 transfers, because the DMA'd data wasn't used, - it can resubmit the transfer right after its completion. - - Descriptor can be freed in few ways - - Clearing DMA_CTRL_REUSE by invoking dmaengine_desc_clear_reuse() - and submitting for last txn - - Explicitly invoking dmaengine_desc_free(), this can succeed only - when DMA_CTRL_REUSE is already set - - Terminating the channel - - * DMA_PREP_CMD - - If set, the client driver tells DMA controller that passed data in DMA - API is command data. - - Interpretation of command data is DMA controller specific. It can be - used for issuing commands to other peripherals/register reads/register - writes for which the descriptor should be in different format from - normal data descriptors. - -General Design Notes --------------------- - -Most of the DMAEngine drivers you'll see are based on a similar design -that handles the end of transfer interrupts in the handler, but defer -most work to a tasklet, including the start of a new transfer whenever -the previous transfer ended. - -This is a rather inefficient design though, because the inter-transfer -latency will be not only the interrupt latency, but also the -scheduling latency of the tasklet, which will leave the channel idle -in between, which will slow down the global transfer rate. - -You should avoid this kind of practice, and instead of electing a new -transfer in your tasklet, move that part to the interrupt handler in -order to have a shorter idle window (that we can't really avoid -anyway). - -Glossary --------- - -Burst: A number of consecutive read or write operations - that can be queued to buffers before being flushed to - memory. -Chunk: A contiguous collection of bursts -Transfer: A collection of chunks (be it contiguous or not) diff --git a/Documentation/dmaengine/pxa_dma.txt b/Documentation/dmaengine/pxa_dma.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0736d44b5438..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/dmaengine/pxa_dma.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -PXA/MMP - DMA Slave controller -============================== - -Constraints ------------ - a) Transfers hot queuing - A driver submitting a transfer and issuing it should be granted the transfer - is queued even on a running DMA channel. - This implies that the queuing doesn't wait for the previous transfer end, - and that the descriptor chaining is not only done in the irq/tasklet code - triggered by the end of the transfer. - A transfer which is submitted and issued on a phy doesn't wait for a phy to - stop and restart, but is submitted on a "running channel". The other - drivers, especially mmp_pdma waited for the phy to stop before relaunching - a new transfer. - - b) All transfers having asked for confirmation should be signaled - Any issued transfer with DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT should trigger a callback call. - This implies that even if an irq/tasklet is triggered by end of tx1, but - at the time of irq/dma tx2 is already finished, tx1->complete() and - tx2->complete() should be called. - - c) Channel running state - A driver should be able to query if a channel is running or not. For the - multimedia case, such as video capture, if a transfer is submitted and then - a check of the DMA channel reports a "stopped channel", the transfer should - not be issued until the next "start of frame interrupt", hence the need to - know if a channel is in running or stopped state. - - d) Bandwidth guarantee - The PXA architecture has 4 levels of DMAs priorities : high, normal, low. - The high priorities get twice as much bandwidth as the normal, which get twice - as much as the low priorities. - A driver should be able to request a priority, especially the real-time - ones such as pxa_camera with (big) throughputs. - -Design ------- - a) Virtual channels - Same concept as in sa11x0 driver, ie. a driver was assigned a "virtual - channel" linked to the requestor line, and the physical DMA channel is - assigned on the fly when the transfer is issued. - - b) Transfer anatomy for a scatter-gather transfer - +------------+-----+---------------+----------------+-----------------+ - | desc-sg[0] | ... | desc-sg[last] | status updater | finisher/linker | - +------------+-----+---------------+----------------+-----------------+ - - This structure is pointed by dma->sg_cpu. - The descriptors are used as follows : - - desc-sg[i]: i-th descriptor, transferring the i-th sg - element to the video buffer scatter gather - - status updater - Transfers a single u32 to a well known dma coherent memory to leave - a trace that this transfer is done. The "well known" is unique per - physical channel, meaning that a read of this value will tell which - is the last finished transfer at that point in time. - - finisher: has ddadr=DADDR_STOP, dcmd=ENDIRQEN - - linker: has ddadr= desc-sg[0] of next transfer, dcmd=0 - - c) Transfers hot-chaining - Suppose the running chain is : - Buffer 1 Buffer 2 - +---------+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ - | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | f | - +---------+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+---+ - | | - +----+ - - After a call to dmaengine_submit(b3), the chain will look like : - Buffer 1 Buffer 2 Buffer 3 - +---------+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ - | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | f | - +---------+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+---+ - | | | | - +----+ +----+ - new_link - - If while new_link was created the DMA channel stopped, it is _not_ - restarted. Hot-chaining doesn't break the assumption that - dma_async_issue_pending() is to be used to ensure the transfer is actually started. - - One exception to this rule : - - if Buffer1 and Buffer2 had all their addresses 8 bytes aligned - - and if Buffer3 has at least one address not 4 bytes aligned - - then hot-chaining cannot happen, as the channel must be stopped, the - "align bit" must be set, and the channel restarted As a consequence, - such a transfer tx_submit() will be queued on the submitted queue, and - this specific case if the DMA is already running in aligned mode. - - d) Transfers completion updater - Each time a transfer is completed on a channel, an interrupt might be - generated or not, up to the client's request. But in each case, the last - descriptor of a transfer, the "status updater", will write the latest - transfer being completed into the physical channel's completion mark. - - This will speed up residue calculation, for large transfers such as video - buffers which hold around 6k descriptors or more. This also allows without - any lock to find out what is the latest completed transfer in a running - DMA chain. - - e) Transfers completion, irq and tasklet - When a transfer flagged as "DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT" is finished, the dma irq - is raised. Upon this interrupt, a tasklet is scheduled for the physical - channel. - The tasklet is responsible for : - - reading the physical channel last updater mark - - calling all the transfer callbacks of finished transfers, based on - that mark, and each transfer flags. - If a transfer is completed while this handling is done, a dma irq will - be raised, and the tasklet will be scheduled once again, having a new - updater mark. - - f) Residue - Residue granularity will be descriptor based. The issued but not completed - transfers will be scanned for all of their descriptors against the - currently running descriptor. - - g) Most complicated case of driver's tx queues - The most tricky situation is when : - - there are not "acked" transfers (tx0) - - a driver submitted an aligned tx1, not chained - - a driver submitted an aligned tx2 => tx2 is cold chained to tx1 - - a driver issued tx1+tx2 => channel is running in aligned mode - - a driver submitted an aligned tx3 => tx3 is hot-chained - - a driver submitted an unaligned tx4 => tx4 is put in submitted queue, - not chained - - a driver issued tx4 => tx4 is put in issued queue, not chained - - a driver submitted an aligned tx5 => tx5 is put in submitted queue, not - chained - - a driver submitted an aligned tx6 => tx6 is put in submitted queue, - cold chained to tx5 - - This translates into (after tx4 is issued) : - - issued queue - +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ - | tx1 | | tx2 | | tx3 | | tx4 | - +---|-+ ^---|-+ ^-----+ +-----+ - | | | | - +---+ +---+ - - submitted queue - +-----+ +-----+ - | tx5 | | tx6 | - +---|-+ ^-----+ - | | - +---+ - - completed queue : empty - - allocated queue : tx0 - - It should be noted that after tx3 is completed, the channel is stopped, and - restarted in "unaligned mode" to handle tx4. - -Author: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr> diff --git a/Documentation/doc-guide/kernel-doc.rst b/Documentation/doc-guide/kernel-doc.rst index b24854b5d6be..0268335414ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/doc-guide/kernel-doc.rst +++ b/Documentation/doc-guide/kernel-doc.rst @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Without options, the kernel-doc directive includes all documentation comments from the source file. The kernel-doc extension is included in the kernel source tree, at -``Documentation/sphinx/kernel-doc.py``. Internally, it uses the +``Documentation/sphinx/kerneldoc.py``. Internally, it uses the ``scripts/kernel-doc`` script to extract the documentation comments from the source. diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/client.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/client.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6245c99af8c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/client.rst @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +==================== +DMA Engine API Guide +==================== + +Vinod Koul <vinod dot koul at intel.com> + +.. note:: For DMA Engine usage in async_tx please see: + ``Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt`` + + +Below is a guide to device driver writers on how to use the Slave-DMA API of the +DMA Engine. This is applicable only for slave DMA usage only. + +DMA usage +========= + +The slave DMA usage consists of following steps: + +- Allocate a DMA slave channel + +- Set slave and controller specific parameters + +- Get a descriptor for transaction + +- Submit the transaction + +- Issue pending requests and wait for callback notification + +The details of these operations are: + +1. Allocate a DMA slave channel + + Channel allocation is slightly different in the slave DMA context, + client drivers typically need a channel from a particular DMA + controller only and even in some cases a specific channel is desired. + To request a channel dma_request_chan() API is used. + + Interface: + + .. code-block:: c + + struct dma_chan *dma_request_chan(struct device *dev, const char *name); + + Which will find and return the ``name`` DMA channel associated with the 'dev' + device. The association is done via DT, ACPI or board file based + dma_slave_map matching table. + + A channel allocated via this interface is exclusive to the caller, + until dma_release_channel() is called. + +2. Set slave and controller specific parameters + + Next step is always to pass some specific information to the DMA + driver. Most of the generic information which a slave DMA can use + is in struct dma_slave_config. This allows the clients to specify + DMA direction, DMA addresses, bus widths, DMA burst lengths etc + for the peripheral. + + If some DMA controllers have more parameters to be sent then they + should try to embed struct dma_slave_config in their controller + specific structure. That gives flexibility to client to pass more + parameters, if required. + + Interface: + + .. code-block:: c + + int dmaengine_slave_config(struct dma_chan *chan, + struct dma_slave_config *config) + + Please see the dma_slave_config structure definition in dmaengine.h + for a detailed explanation of the struct members. Please note + that the 'direction' member will be going away as it duplicates the + direction given in the prepare call. + +3. Get a descriptor for transaction + + For slave usage the various modes of slave transfers supported by the + DMA-engine are: + + - slave_sg: DMA a list of scatter gather buffers from/to a peripheral + + - dma_cyclic: Perform a cyclic DMA operation from/to a peripheral till the + operation is explicitly stopped. + + - interleaved_dma: This is common to Slave as well as M2M clients. For slave + address of devices' fifo could be already known to the driver. + Various types of operations could be expressed by setting + appropriate values to the 'dma_interleaved_template' members. + + A non-NULL return of this transfer API represents a "descriptor" for + the given transaction. + + Interface: + + .. code-block:: c + + struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_slave_sg( + struct dma_chan *chan, struct scatterlist *sgl, + unsigned int sg_len, enum dma_data_direction direction, + unsigned long flags); + + struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_dma_cyclic( + struct dma_chan *chan, dma_addr_t buf_addr, size_t buf_len, + size_t period_len, enum dma_data_direction direction); + + struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dmaengine_prep_interleaved_dma( + struct dma_chan *chan, struct dma_interleaved_template *xt, + unsigned long flags); + + The peripheral driver is expected to have mapped the scatterlist for + the DMA operation prior to calling dmaengine_prep_slave_sg(), and must + keep the scatterlist mapped until the DMA operation has completed. + The scatterlist must be mapped using the DMA struct device. + If a mapping needs to be synchronized later, dma_sync_*_for_*() must be + called using the DMA struct device, too. + So, normal setup should look like this: + + .. code-block:: c + + nr_sg = dma_map_sg(chan->device->dev, sgl, sg_len); + if (nr_sg == 0) + /* error */ + + desc = dmaengine_prep_slave_sg(chan, sgl, nr_sg, direction, flags); + + Once a descriptor has been obtained, the callback information can be + added and the descriptor must then be submitted. Some DMA engine + drivers may hold a spinlock between a successful preparation and + submission so it is important that these two operations are closely + paired. + + .. note:: + + Although the async_tx API specifies that completion callback + routines cannot submit any new operations, this is not the + case for slave/cyclic DMA. + + For slave DMA, the subsequent transaction may not be available + for submission prior to callback function being invoked, so + slave DMA callbacks are permitted to prepare and submit a new + transaction. + + For cyclic DMA, a callback function may wish to terminate the + DMA via dmaengine_terminate_async(). + + Therefore, it is important that DMA engine drivers drop any + locks before calling the callback function which may cause a + deadlock. + + Note that callbacks will always be invoked from the DMA + engines tasklet, never from interrupt context. + +4. Submit the transaction + + Once the descriptor has been prepared and the callback information + added, it must be placed on the DMA engine drivers pending queue. + + Interface: + + .. code-block:: c + + dma_cookie_t dmaengine_submit(struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc) + + This returns a cookie can be used to check the progress of DMA engine + activity via other DMA engine calls not covered in this document. + + dmaengine_submit() will not start the DMA operation, it merely adds + it to the pending queue. For this, see step 5, dma_async_issue_pending. + +5. Issue pending DMA requests and wait for callback notification + + The transactions in the pending queue can be activated by calling the + issue_pending API. If channel is idle then the first transaction in + queue is started and subsequent ones queued up. + + On completion of each DMA operation, the next in queue is started and + a tasklet triggered. The tasklet will then call the client driver + completion callback routine for notification, if set. + + Interface: + + .. code-block:: c + + void dma_async_issue_pending(struct dma_chan *chan); + +Further APIs: +------------ + +1. Terminate APIs + + .. code-block:: c + + int dmaengine_terminate_sync(struct dma_chan *chan) + int dmaengine_terminate_async(struct dma_chan *chan) + int dmaengine_terminate_all(struct dma_chan *chan) /* DEPRECATED */ + + This causes all activity for the DMA channel to be stopped, and may + discard data in the DMA FIFO which hasn't been fully transferred. + No callback functions will be called for any incomplete transfers. + + Two variants of this function are available. + + dmaengine_terminate_async() might not wait until the DMA has been fully + stopped or until any running complete callbacks have finished. But it is + possible to call dmaengine_terminate_async() from atomic context or from + within a complete callback. dmaengine_synchronize() must be called before it + is safe to free the memory accessed by the DMA transfer or free resources + accessed from within the complete callback. + + dmaengine_terminate_sync() will wait for the transfer and any running + complete callbacks to finish before it returns. But the function must not be + called from atomic context or from within a complete callback. + + dmaengine_terminate_all() is deprecated and should not be used in new code. + +2. Pause API + + .. code-block:: c + + int dmaengine_pause(struct dma_chan *chan) + + This pauses activity on the DMA channel without data loss. + +3. Resume API + + .. code-block:: c + + int dmaengine_resume(struct dma_chan *chan) + + Resume a previously paused DMA channel. It is invalid to resume a + channel which is not currently paused. + +4. Check Txn complete + + .. code-block:: c + + enum dma_status dma_async_is_tx_complete(struct dma_chan *chan, + dma_cookie_t cookie, dma_cookie_t *last, dma_cookie_t *used) + + This can be used to check the status of the channel. Please see + the documentation in include/linux/dmaengine.h for a more complete + description of this API. + + This can be used in conjunction with dma_async_is_complete() and + the cookie returned from dmaengine_submit() to check for + completion of a specific DMA transaction. + + .. note:: + + Not all DMA engine drivers can return reliable information for + a running DMA channel. It is recommended that DMA engine users + pause or stop (via dmaengine_terminate_all()) the channel before + using this API. + +5. Synchronize termination API + + .. code-block:: c + + void dmaengine_synchronize(struct dma_chan *chan) + + Synchronize the termination of the DMA channel to the current context. + + This function should be used after dmaengine_terminate_async() to synchronize + the termination of the DMA channel to the current context. The function will + wait for the transfer and any running complete callbacks to finish before it + returns. + + If dmaengine_terminate_async() is used to stop the DMA channel this function + must be called before it is safe to free memory accessed by previously + submitted descriptors or to free any resources accessed within the complete + callback of previously submitted descriptors. + + The behavior of this function is undefined if dma_async_issue_pending() has + been called between dmaengine_terminate_async() and this function. diff --git a/Documentation/dmaengine/dmatest.txt b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/dmatest.rst index fb683c72dea8..3922c0a3f0c0 100644 --- a/Documentation/dmaengine/dmatest.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/dmatest.rst @@ -1,11 +1,13 @@ - DMA Test Guide - ============== +============== +DMA Test Guide +============== - Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> +Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> This small document introduces how to test DMA drivers using dmatest module. - Part 1 - How to build the test module +Part 1 - How to build the test module +===================================== The menuconfig contains an option that could be found by following path: Device Drivers -> DMA Engine support -> DMA Test client @@ -13,25 +15,31 @@ The menuconfig contains an option that could be found by following path: In the configuration file the option called CONFIG_DMATEST. The dmatest could be built as module or inside kernel. Let's consider those cases. - Part 2 - When dmatest is built as a module... +Part 2 - When dmatest is built as a module +========================================== -Example of usage: - % modprobe dmatest channel=dma0chan0 timeout=2000 iterations=1 run=1 +Example of usage: :: -...or: - % modprobe dmatest - % echo dma0chan0 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/channel - % echo 2000 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/timeout - % echo 1 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/iterations - % echo 1 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/run + % modprobe dmatest channel=dma0chan0 timeout=2000 iterations=1 run=1 -...or on the kernel command line: +...or: :: - dmatest.channel=dma0chan0 dmatest.timeout=2000 dmatest.iterations=1 dmatest.run=1 + % modprobe dmatest + % echo dma0chan0 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/channel + % echo 2000 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/timeout + % echo 1 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/iterations + % echo 1 > /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/run -Hint: available channel list could be extracted by running the following -command: - % ls -1 /sys/class/dma/ +...or on the kernel command line: :: + + dmatest.channel=dma0chan0 dmatest.timeout=2000 dmatest.iterations=1 dmatest.run=1 + +..hint:: available channel list could be extracted by running the following + command: + +:: + + % ls -1 /sys/class/dma/ Once started a message like "dmatest: Started 1 threads using dma0chan0" is emitted. After that only test failure messages are reported until the test @@ -39,8 +47,9 @@ stops. Note that running a new test will not stop any in progress test. -The following command returns the state of the test. - % cat /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/run +The following command returns the state of the test. :: + + % cat /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/run To wait for test completion userpace can poll 'run' until it is false, or use the wait parameter. Specifying 'wait=1' when loading the module causes module @@ -50,15 +59,19 @@ before returning. For example, the following scripts wait for 42 tests to complete before exiting. Note that if 'iterations' is set to 'infinite' then waiting is disabled. -Example: - % modprobe dmatest run=1 iterations=42 wait=1 - % modprobe -r dmatest -...or: - % modprobe dmatest run=1 iterations=42 - % cat /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/wait - % modprobe -r dmatest +Example: :: + + % modprobe dmatest run=1 iterations=42 wait=1 + % modprobe -r dmatest - Part 3 - When built-in in the kernel... +...or: :: + + % modprobe dmatest run=1 iterations=42 + % cat /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/wait + % modprobe -r dmatest + +Part 3 - When built-in in the kernel +==================================== The module parameters that is supplied to the kernel command line will be used for the first performed test. After user gets a control, the test could be @@ -66,27 +79,32 @@ re-run with the same or different parameters. For the details see the above section "Part 2 - When dmatest is built as a module..." In both cases the module parameters are used as the actual values for the test -case. You always could check them at run-time by running - % grep -H . /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/* +case. You always could check them at run-time by running :: + + % grep -H . /sys/module/dmatest/parameters/* - Part 4 - Gathering the test results +Part 4 - Gathering the test results +=================================== -Test results are printed to the kernel log buffer with the format: +Test results are printed to the kernel log buffer with the format: :: -"dmatest: result <channel>: <test id>: '<error msg>' with src_off=<val> dst_off=<val> len=<val> (<err code>)" + "dmatest: result <channel>: <test id>: '<error msg>' with src_off=<val> dst_off=<val> len=<val> (<err code>)" -Example of output: - % dmesg | tail -n 1 - dmatest: result dma0chan0-copy0: #1: No errors with src_off=0x7bf dst_off=0x8ad len=0x3fea (0) +Example of output: :: + + + % dmesg | tail -n 1 + dmatest: result dma0chan0-copy0: #1: No errors with src_off=0x7bf dst_off=0x8ad len=0x3fea (0) The message format is unified across the different types of errors. A number in the parens represents additional information, e.g. error code, error counter, or status. A test thread also emits a summary line at completion listing the number of tests executed, number that failed, and a result code. -Example: - % dmesg | tail -n 1 - dmatest: dma0chan0-copy0: summary 1 test, 0 failures 1000 iops 100000 KB/s (0) +Example: :: + + % dmesg | tail -n 1 + dmatest: dma0chan0-copy0: summary 1 test, 0 failures 1000 iops 100000 KB/s (0) The details of a data miscompare error are also emitted, but do not follow the above format. diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3026fa975937 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +======================= +DMAEngine documentation +======================= + +DMAEngine documentation provides documents for various aspects of DMAEngine +framework. + +DMAEngine documentation +----------------------- + +This book helps with DMAengine internal APIs and guide for DMAEngine device +driver writers. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + provider + +DMAEngine client documentation +------------------------------ + +This book is a guide to device driver writers on how to use the Slave-DMA +API of the DMAEngine. This is applicable only for slave DMA usage only. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + client + +DMA Test documentation +---------------------- + +This book introduces how to test DMA drivers using dmatest module. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + dmatest + +PXA DMA documentation +---------------------- + +This book adds some notes about PXA DMA + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + pxa_dma + +.. only:: subproject + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/provider.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/provider.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..814acb4d2294 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/provider.rst @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ +================================== +DMAengine controller documentation +================================== + +Hardware Introduction +===================== + +Most of the Slave DMA controllers have the same general principles of +operations. + +They have a given number of channels to use for the DMA transfers, and +a given number of requests lines. + +Requests and channels are pretty much orthogonal. Channels can be used +to serve several to any requests. To simplify, channels are the +entities that will be doing the copy, and requests what endpoints are +involved. + +The request lines actually correspond to physical lines going from the +DMA-eligible devices to the controller itself. Whenever the device +will want to start a transfer, it will assert a DMA request (DRQ) by +asserting that request line. + +A very simple DMA controller would only take into account a single +parameter: the transfer size. At each clock cycle, it would transfer a +byte of data from one buffer to another, until the transfer size has +been reached. + +That wouldn't work well in the real world, since slave devices might +require a specific number of bits to be transferred in a single +cycle. For example, we may want to transfer as much data as the +physical bus allows to maximize performances when doing a simple +memory copy operation, but our audio device could have a narrower FIFO +that requires data to be written exactly 16 or 24 bits at a time. This +is why most if not all of the DMA controllers can adjust this, using a +parameter called the transfer width. + +Moreover, some DMA controllers, whenever the RAM is used as a source +or destination, can group the reads or writes in memory into a buffer, +so instead of having a lot of small memory accesses, which is not +really efficient, you'll get several bigger transfers. This is done +using a parameter called the burst size, that defines how many single +reads/writes it's allowed to do without the controller splitting the +transfer into smaller sub-transfers. + +Our theoretical DMA controller would then only be able to do transfers +that involve a single contiguous block of data. However, some of the +transfers we usually have are not, and want to copy data from +non-contiguous buffers to a contiguous buffer, which is called +scatter-gather. + +DMAEngine, at least for mem2dev transfers, require support for +scatter-gather. So we're left with two cases here: either we have a +quite simple DMA controller that doesn't support it, and we'll have to +implement it in software, or we have a more advanced DMA controller, +that implements in hardware scatter-gather. + +The latter are usually programmed using a collection of chunks to +transfer, and whenever the transfer is started, the controller will go +over that collection, doing whatever we programmed there. + +This collection is usually either a table or a linked list. You will +then push either the address of the table and its number of elements, +or the first item of the list to one channel of the DMA controller, +and whenever a DRQ will be asserted, it will go through the collection +to know where to fetch the data from. + +Either way, the format of this collection is completely dependent on +your hardware. Each DMA controller will require a different structure, +but all of them will require, for every chunk, at least the source and +destination addresses, whether it should increment these addresses or +not and the three parameters we saw earlier: the burst size, the +transfer width and the transfer size. + +The one last thing is that usually, slave devices won't issue DRQ by +default, and you have to enable this in your slave device driver first +whenever you're willing to use DMA. + +These were just the general memory-to-memory (also called mem2mem) or +memory-to-device (mem2dev) kind of transfers. Most devices often +support other kind of transfers or memory operations that dmaengine +support and will be detailed later in this document. + +DMA Support in Linux +==================== + +Historically, DMA controller drivers have been implemented using the +async TX API, to offload operations such as memory copy, XOR, +cryptography, etc., basically any memory to memory operation. + +Over time, the need for memory to device transfers arose, and +dmaengine was extended. Nowadays, the async TX API is written as a +layer on top of dmaengine, and acts as a client. Still, dmaengine +accommodates that API in some cases, and made some design choices to +ensure that it stayed compatible. + +For more information on the Async TX API, please look the relevant +documentation file in Documentation/crypto/async-tx-api.txt. + +DMAEngine APIs +============== + +``struct dma_device`` Initialization +------------------------------------ + +Just like any other kernel framework, the whole DMAEngine registration +relies on the driver filling a structure and registering against the +framework. In our case, that structure is dma_device. + +The first thing you need to do in your driver is to allocate this +structure. Any of the usual memory allocators will do, but you'll also +need to initialize a few fields in there: + +- channels: should be initialized as a list using the + INIT_LIST_HEAD macro for example + +- src_addr_widths: + should contain a bitmask of the supported source transfer width + +- dst_addr_widths: + should contain a bitmask of the supported destination transfer width + +- directions: + should contain a bitmask of the supported slave directions + (i.e. excluding mem2mem transfers) + +- residue_granularity: + + - Granularity of the transfer residue reported to dma_set_residue. + This can be either: + + - Descriptor + + - Your device doesn't support any kind of residue + reporting. The framework will only know that a particular + transaction descriptor is done. + + - Segment + + - Your device is able to report which chunks have been transferred + + - Burst + + - Your device is able to report which burst have been transferred + + - dev: should hold the pointer to the ``struct device`` associated + to your current driver instance. + +Supported transaction types +--------------------------- + +The next thing you need is to set which transaction types your device +(and driver) supports. + +Our ``dma_device structure`` has a field called cap_mask that holds the +various types of transaction supported, and you need to modify this +mask using the dma_cap_set function, with various flags depending on +transaction types you support as an argument. + +All those capabilities are defined in the ``dma_transaction_type enum``, +in ``include/linux/dmaengine.h`` + +Currently, the types available are: + +- DMA_MEMCPY + + - The device is able to do memory to memory copies + +- DMA_XOR + + - The device is able to perform XOR operations on memory areas + + - Used to accelerate XOR intensive tasks, such as RAID5 + +- DMA_XOR_VAL + + - The device is able to perform parity check using the XOR + algorithm against a memory buffer. + +- DMA_PQ + + - The device is able to perform RAID6 P+Q computations, P being a + simple XOR, and Q being a Reed-Solomon algorithm. + +- DMA_PQ_VAL + + - The device is able to perform parity check using RAID6 P+Q + algorithm against a memory buffer. + +- DMA_INTERRUPT + + - The device is able to trigger a dummy transfer that will + generate periodic interrupts + + - Used by the client drivers to register a callback that will be + called on a regular basis through the DMA controller interrupt + +- DMA_PRIVATE + + - The devices only supports slave transfers, and as such isn't + available for async transfers. + +- DMA_ASYNC_TX + + - Must not be set by the device, and will be set by the framework + if needed + + - TODO: What is it about? + +- DMA_SLAVE + + - The device can handle device to memory transfers, including + scatter-gather transfers. + + - While in the mem2mem case we were having two distinct types to + deal with a single chunk to copy or a collection of them, here, + we just have a single transaction type that is supposed to + handle both. + + - If you want to transfer a single contiguous memory buffer, + simply build a scatter list with only one item. + +- DMA_CYCLIC + + - The device can handle cyclic transfers. + + - A cyclic transfer is a transfer where the chunk collection will + loop over itself, with the last item pointing to the first. + + - It's usually used for audio transfers, where you want to operate + on a single ring buffer that you will fill with your audio data. + +- DMA_INTERLEAVE + + - The device supports interleaved transfer. + + - These transfers can transfer data from a non-contiguous buffer + to a non-contiguous buffer, opposed to DMA_SLAVE that can + transfer data from a non-contiguous data set to a continuous + destination buffer. + + - It's usually used for 2d content transfers, in which case you + want to transfer a portion of uncompressed data directly to the + display to print it + +These various types will also affect how the source and destination +addresses change over time. + +Addresses pointing to RAM are typically incremented (or decremented) +after each transfer. In case of a ring buffer, they may loop +(DMA_CYCLIC). Addresses pointing to a device's register (e.g. a FIFO) +are typically fixed. + +Device operations +----------------- + +Our dma_device structure also requires a few function pointers in +order to implement the actual logic, now that we described what +operations we were able to perform. + +The functions that we have to fill in there, and hence have to +implement, obviously depend on the transaction types you reported as +supported. + +- ``device_alloc_chan_resources`` + +- ``device_free_chan_resources`` + + - These functions will be called whenever a driver will call + ``dma_request_channel`` or ``dma_release_channel`` for the first/last + time on the channel associated to that driver. + + - They are in charge of allocating/freeing all the needed + resources in order for that channel to be useful for your driver. + + - These functions can sleep. + +- ``device_prep_dma_*`` + + - These functions are matching the capabilities you registered + previously. + + - These functions all take the buffer or the scatterlist relevant + for the transfer being prepared, and should create a hardware + descriptor or a list of hardware descriptors from it + + - These functions can be called from an interrupt context + + - Any allocation you might do should be using the GFP_NOWAIT + flag, in order not to potentially sleep, but without depleting + the emergency pool either. + + - Drivers should try to pre-allocate any memory they might need + during the transfer setup at probe time to avoid putting to + much pressure on the nowait allocator. + + - It should return a unique instance of the + ``dma_async_tx_descriptor structure``, that further represents this + particular transfer. + + - This structure can be initialized using the function + ``dma_async_tx_descriptor_init``. + + - You'll also need to set two fields in this structure: + + - flags: + TODO: Can it be modified by the driver itself, or + should it be always the flags passed in the arguments + + - tx_submit: A pointer to a function you have to implement, + that is supposed to push the current transaction descriptor to a + pending queue, waiting for issue_pending to be called. + + - In this structure the function pointer callback_result can be + initialized in order for the submitter to be notified that a + transaction has completed. In the earlier code the function pointer + callback has been used. However it does not provide any status to the + transaction and will be deprecated. The result structure defined as + ``dmaengine_result`` that is passed in to callback_result + has two fields: + + - result: This provides the transfer result defined by + ``dmaengine_tx_result``. Either success or some error condition. + + - residue: Provides the residue bytes of the transfer for those that + support residue. + +- ``device_issue_pending`` + + - Takes the first transaction descriptor in the pending queue, + and starts the transfer. Whenever that transfer is done, it + should move to the next transaction in the list. + + - This function can be called in an interrupt context + +- ``device_tx_status`` + + - Should report the bytes left to go over on the given channel + + - Should only care about the transaction descriptor passed as + argument, not the currently active one on a given channel + + - The tx_state argument might be NULL + + - Should use dma_set_residue to report it + + - In the case of a cyclic transfer, it should only take into + account the current period. + + - This function can be called in an interrupt context. + +- device_config + + - Reconfigures the channel with the configuration given as argument + + - This command should NOT perform synchronously, or on any + currently queued transfers, but only on subsequent ones + + - In this case, the function will receive a ``dma_slave_config`` + structure pointer as an argument, that will detail which + configuration to use. + + - Even though that structure contains a direction field, this + field is deprecated in favor of the direction argument given to + the prep_* functions + + - This call is mandatory for slave operations only. This should NOT be + set or expected to be set for memcpy operations. + If a driver support both, it should use this call for slave + operations only and not for memcpy ones. + +- device_pause + + - Pauses a transfer on the channel + + - This command should operate synchronously on the channel, + pausing right away the work of the given channel + +- device_resume + + - Resumes a transfer on the channel + + - This command should operate synchronously on the channel, + resuming right away the work of the given channel + +- device_terminate_all + + - Aborts all the pending and ongoing transfers on the channel + + - For aborted transfers the complete callback should not be called + + - Can be called from atomic context or from within a complete + callback of a descriptor. Must not sleep. Drivers must be able + to handle this correctly. + + - Termination may be asynchronous. The driver does not have to + wait until the currently active transfer has completely stopped. + See device_synchronize. + +- device_synchronize + + - Must synchronize the termination of a channel to the current + context. + + - Must make sure that memory for previously submitted + descriptors is no longer accessed by the DMA controller. + + - Must make sure that all complete callbacks for previously + submitted descriptors have finished running and none are + scheduled to run. + + - May sleep. + + +Misc notes +========== + +(stuff that should be documented, but don't really know +where to put them) + +``dma_run_dependencies`` + +- Should be called at the end of an async TX transfer, and can be + ignored in the slave transfers case. + +- Makes sure that dependent operations are run before marking it + as complete. + +dma_cookie_t + +- it's a DMA transaction ID that will increment over time. + +- Not really relevant any more since the introduction of ``virt-dma`` + that abstracts it away. + +DMA_CTRL_ACK + +- If clear, the descriptor cannot be reused by provider until the + client acknowledges receipt, i.e. has has a chance to establish any + dependency chains + +- This can be acked by invoking async_tx_ack() + +- If set, does not mean descriptor can be reused + +DMA_CTRL_REUSE + +- If set, the descriptor can be reused after being completed. It should + not be freed by provider if this flag is set. + +- The descriptor should be prepared for reuse by invoking + ``dmaengine_desc_set_reuse()`` which will set DMA_CTRL_REUSE. + +- ``dmaengine_desc_set_reuse()`` will succeed only when channel support + reusable descriptor as exhibited by capabilities + +- As a consequence, if a device driver wants to skip the + ``dma_map_sg()`` and ``dma_unmap_sg()`` in between 2 transfers, + because the DMA'd data wasn't used, it can resubmit the transfer right after + its completion. + +- Descriptor can be freed in few ways + + - Clearing DMA_CTRL_REUSE by invoking + ``dmaengine_desc_clear_reuse()`` and submitting for last txn + + - Explicitly invoking ``dmaengine_desc_free()``, this can succeed only + when DMA_CTRL_REUSE is already set + + - Terminating the channel + +- DMA_PREP_CMD + + - If set, the client driver tells DMA controller that passed data in DMA + API is command data. + + - Interpretation of command data is DMA controller specific. It can be + used for issuing commands to other peripherals/register reads/register + writes for which the descriptor should be in different format from + normal data descriptors. + +General Design Notes +==================== + +Most of the DMAEngine drivers you'll see are based on a similar design +that handles the end of transfer interrupts in the handler, but defer +most work to a tasklet, including the start of a new transfer whenever +the previous transfer ended. + +This is a rather inefficient design though, because the inter-transfer +latency will be not only the interrupt latency, but also the +scheduling latency of the tasklet, which will leave the channel idle +in between, which will slow down the global transfer rate. + +You should avoid this kind of practice, and instead of electing a new +transfer in your tasklet, move that part to the interrupt handler in +order to have a shorter idle window (that we can't really avoid +anyway). + +Glossary +======== + +- Burst: A number of consecutive read or write operations that + can be queued to buffers before being flushed to memory. + +- Chunk: A contiguous collection of bursts + +- Transfer: A collection of chunks (be it contiguous or not) diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/pxa_dma.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/pxa_dma.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..442ee691a190 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/dmaengine/pxa_dma.rst @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +============================== +PXA/MMP - DMA Slave controller +============================== + +Constraints +=========== + +a) Transfers hot queuing +A driver submitting a transfer and issuing it should be granted the transfer +is queued even on a running DMA channel. +This implies that the queuing doesn't wait for the previous transfer end, +and that the descriptor chaining is not only done in the irq/tasklet code +triggered by the end of the transfer. +A transfer which is submitted and issued on a phy doesn't wait for a phy to +stop and restart, but is submitted on a "running channel". The other +drivers, especially mmp_pdma waited for the phy to stop before relaunching +a new transfer. + +b) All transfers having asked for confirmation should be signaled +Any issued transfer with DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT should trigger a callback call. +This implies that even if an irq/tasklet is triggered by end of tx1, but +at the time of irq/dma tx2 is already finished, tx1->complete() and +tx2->complete() should be called. + +c) Channel running state +A driver should be able to query if a channel is running or not. For the +multimedia case, such as video capture, if a transfer is submitted and then +a check of the DMA channel reports a "stopped channel", the transfer should +not be issued until the next "start of frame interrupt", hence the need to +know if a channel is in running or stopped state. + +d) Bandwidth guarantee +The PXA architecture has 4 levels of DMAs priorities : high, normal, low. +The high priorities get twice as much bandwidth as the normal, which get twice +as much as the low priorities. +A driver should be able to request a priority, especially the real-time +ones such as pxa_camera with (big) throughputs. + +Design +====== +a) Virtual channels +Same concept as in sa11x0 driver, ie. a driver was assigned a "virtual +channel" linked to the requestor line, and the physical DMA channel is +assigned on the fly when the transfer is issued. + +b) Transfer anatomy for a scatter-gather transfer + +:: + + +------------+-----+---------------+----------------+-----------------+ + | desc-sg[0] | ... | desc-sg[last] | status updater | finisher/linker | + +------------+-----+---------------+----------------+-----------------+ + +This structure is pointed by dma->sg_cpu. +The descriptors are used as follows : + + - desc-sg[i]: i-th descriptor, transferring the i-th sg + element to the video buffer scatter gather + + - status updater + Transfers a single u32 to a well known dma coherent memory to leave + a trace that this transfer is done. The "well known" is unique per + physical channel, meaning that a read of this value will tell which + is the last finished transfer at that point in time. + + - finisher: has ddadr=DADDR_STOP, dcmd=ENDIRQEN + + - linker: has ddadr= desc-sg[0] of next transfer, dcmd=0 + +c) Transfers hot-chaining +Suppose the running chain is: + +:: + + Buffer 1 Buffer 2 + +---------+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ + | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | f | + +---------+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+---+ + | | + +----+ + +After a call to dmaengine_submit(b3), the chain will look like: + +:: + + Buffer 1 Buffer 2 Buffer 3 + +---------+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ +----+----+----+---+ + | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | l | | d0 | .. | dN | f | + +---------+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+-|-+ ^----+----+----+---+ + | | | | + +----+ +----+ + new_link + +If while new_link was created the DMA channel stopped, it is _not_ +restarted. Hot-chaining doesn't break the assumption that +dma_async_issue_pending() is to be used to ensure the transfer is actually started. + +One exception to this rule : + +- if Buffer1 and Buffer2 had all their addresses 8 bytes aligned + +- and if Buffer3 has at least one address not 4 bytes aligned + +- then hot-chaining cannot happen, as the channel must be stopped, the + "align bit" must be set, and the channel restarted As a consequence, + such a transfer tx_submit() will be queued on the submitted queue, and + this specific case if the DMA is already running in aligned mode. + +d) Transfers completion updater +Each time a transfer is completed on a channel, an interrupt might be +generated or not, up to the client's request. But in each case, the last +descriptor of a transfer, the "status updater", will write the latest +transfer being completed into the physical channel's completion mark. + +This will speed up residue calculation, for large transfers such as video +buffers which hold around 6k descriptors or more. This also allows without +any lock to find out what is the latest completed transfer in a running +DMA chain. + +e) Transfers completion, irq and tasklet +When a transfer flagged as "DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT" is finished, the dma irq +is raised. Upon this interrupt, a tasklet is scheduled for the physical +channel. + +The tasklet is responsible for : + +- reading the physical channel last updater mark + +- calling all the transfer callbacks of finished transfers, based on + that mark, and each transfer flags. + +If a transfer is completed while this handling is done, a dma irq will +be raised, and the tasklet will be scheduled once again, having a new +updater mark. + +f) Residue +Residue granularity will be descriptor based. The issued but not completed +transfers will be scanned for all of their descriptors against the +currently running descriptor. + +g) Most complicated case of driver's tx queues +The most tricky situation is when : + + - there are not "acked" transfers (tx0) + + - a driver submitted an aligned tx1, not chained + + - a driver submitted an aligned tx2 => tx2 is cold chained to tx1 + + - a driver issued tx1+tx2 => channel is running in aligned mode + + - a driver submitted an aligned tx3 => tx3 is hot-chained + + - a driver submitted an unaligned tx4 => tx4 is put in submitted queue, + not chained + + - a driver issued tx4 => tx4 is put in issued queue, not chained + + - a driver submitted an aligned tx5 => tx5 is put in submitted queue, not + chained + + - a driver submitted an aligned tx6 => tx6 is put in submitted queue, + cold chained to tx5 + + This translates into (after tx4 is issued) : + + - issued queue + + :: + + +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ + | tx1 | | tx2 | | tx3 | | tx4 | + +---|-+ ^---|-+ ^-----+ +-----+ + | | | | + +---+ +---+ + - submitted queue + +-----+ +-----+ + | tx5 | | tx6 | + +---|-+ ^-----+ + | | + +---+ + +- completed queue : empty + +- allocated queue : tx0 + +It should be noted that after tx3 is completed, the channel is stopped, and +restarted in "unaligned mode" to handle tx4. + +Author: Robert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst index 9c20624842b7..d17a9876b473 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ available subsections can be seen below. pinctl gpio misc_devices + dmaengine/index .. only:: subproject and html diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst index bedd32388dac..53c1b0b06da5 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ sleep states and the hibernation state ("suspend-to-disk"). Each phase involves executing callbacks for every device before the next phase begins. Not all buses or classes support all these callbacks and not all drivers use all the callbacks. The various phases always run after tasks have been frozen and -before they are unfrozen. Furthermore, the ``*_noirq phases`` run at a time +before they are unfrozen. Furthermore, the ``*_noirq`` phases run at a time when IRQ handlers have been disabled (except for those marked with the IRQF_NO_SUSPEND flag). @@ -328,7 +328,10 @@ the phases are: ``prepare``, ``suspend``, ``suspend_late``, ``suspend_noirq``. After the ``->prepare`` callback method returns, no new children may be registered below the device. The method may also prepare the device or driver in some way for the upcoming system power transition, but it - should not put the device into a low-power state. + should not put the device into a low-power state. Moreover, if the + device supports runtime power management, the ``->prepare`` callback + method must not update its state in case it is necessary to resume it + from runtime suspend later on. For devices supporting runtime power management, the return value of the prepare callback can be used to indicate to the PM core that it may @@ -351,11 +354,35 @@ the phases are: ``prepare``, ``suspend``, ``suspend_late``, ``suspend_noirq``. is because all such devices are initially set to runtime-suspended with runtime PM disabled. + This feature also can be controlled by device drivers by using the + ``DPM_FLAG_NEVER_SKIP`` and ``DPM_FLAG_SMART_PREPARE`` driver power + management flags. [Typically, they are set at the time the driver is + probed against the device in question by passing them to the + :c:func:`dev_pm_set_driver_flags` helper function.] If the first of + these flags is set, the PM core will not apply the direct-complete + procedure described above to the given device and, consequenty, to any + of its ancestors. The second flag, when set, informs the middle layer + code (bus types, device types, PM domains, classes) that it should take + the return value of the ``->prepare`` callback provided by the driver + into account and it may only return a positive value from its own + ``->prepare`` callback if the driver's one also has returned a positive + value. + 2. The ``->suspend`` methods should quiesce the device to stop it from performing I/O. They also may save the device registers and put it into the appropriate low-power state, depending on the bus type the device is on, and they may enable wakeup events. + However, for devices supporting runtime power management, the + ``->suspend`` methods provided by subsystems (bus types and PM domains + in particular) must follow an additional rule regarding what can be done + to the devices before their drivers' ``->suspend`` methods are called. + Namely, they can only resume the devices from runtime suspend by + calling :c:func:`pm_runtime_resume` for them, if that is necessary, and + they must not update the state of the devices in any other way at that + time (in case the drivers need to resume the devices from runtime + suspend in their ``->suspend`` methods). + 3. For a number of devices it is convenient to split suspend into the "quiesce device" and "save device state" phases, in which cases ``suspend_late`` is meant to do the latter. It is always executed after @@ -675,7 +702,7 @@ sub-domain of the parent domain. Support for power domains is provided through the :c:member:`pm_domain` field of |struct device|. This field is a pointer to an object of type -|struct dev_pm_domain|, defined in :file:`include/linux/pm.h``, providing a set +|struct dev_pm_domain|, defined in :file:`include/linux/pm.h`, providing a set of power management callbacks analogous to the subsystem-level and device driver callbacks that are executed for the given device during all power transitions, instead of the respective subsystem-level callbacks. Specifically, if a @@ -729,6 +756,36 @@ state temporarily, for example so that its system wakeup capability can be disabled. This all depends on the hardware and the design of the subsystem and device driver in question. +If it is necessary to resume a device from runtime suspend during a system-wide +transition into a sleep state, that can be done by calling +:c:func:`pm_runtime_resume` for it from the ``->suspend`` callback (or its +couterpart for transitions related to hibernation) of either the device's driver +or a subsystem responsible for it (for example, a bus type or a PM domain). +That is guaranteed to work by the requirement that subsystems must not change +the state of devices (possibly except for resuming them from runtime suspend) +from their ``->prepare`` and ``->suspend`` callbacks (or equivalent) *before* +invoking device drivers' ``->suspend`` callbacks (or equivalent). + +Some bus types and PM domains have a policy to resume all devices from runtime +suspend upfront in their ``->suspend`` callbacks, but that may not be really +necessary if the driver of the device can cope with runtime-suspended devices. +The driver can indicate that by setting ``DPM_FLAG_SMART_SUSPEND`` in +:c:member:`power.driver_flags` at the probe time, by passing it to the +:c:func:`dev_pm_set_driver_flags` helper. That also may cause middle-layer code +(bus types, PM domains etc.) to skip the ``->suspend_late`` and +``->suspend_noirq`` callbacks provided by the driver if the device remains in +runtime suspend at the beginning of the ``suspend_late`` phase of system-wide +suspend (or in the ``poweroff_late`` phase of hibernation), when runtime PM +has been disabled for it, under the assumption that its state should not change +after that point until the system-wide transition is over. If that happens, the +driver's system-wide resume callbacks, if present, may still be invoked during +the subsequent system-wide resume transition and the device's runtime power +management status may be set to "active" before enabling runtime PM for it, +so the driver must be prepared to cope with the invocation of its system-wide +resume callbacks back-to-back with its ``->runtime_suspend`` one (without the +intervening ``->runtime_resume`` and so on) and the final state of the device +must reflect the "active" status for runtime PM in that case. + During system-wide resume from a sleep state it's easiest to put devices into the full-power state, as explained in :file:`Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt`. Refer to that document for more information regarding this particular issue as diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/scsi.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/scsi.rst index 5a2aa7a377d9..9ae03171daca 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/scsi.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/scsi.rst @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SCSI commands can be transported over just about any kind of bus, and are the default protocol for storage devices attached to USB, SATA, SAS, Fibre Channel, FireWire, and ATAPI devices. SCSI packets are also commonly exchanged over Infiniband, -`I20 <http://i2o.shadowconnect.com/faq.php>`__, TCP/IP +`I2O <http://i2o.shadowconnect.com/faq.php>`__, TCP/IP (`iSCSI <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCSI>`__), even `Parallel ports <http://cyberelk.net/tim/parport/parscsi.html>`__. diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/usb/usb.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/usb/usb.rst index dba0f876b36f..078e981e2b16 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-api/usb/usb.rst +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/usb/usb.rst @@ -690,9 +690,7 @@ The USB devices are now exported via debugfs: This file is handy for status viewing tools in user mode, which can scan the text format and ignore most of it. More detailed device status (including class and vendor status) is available from device-specific -files. For information about the current format of this file, see the -``Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt`` file in your Linux kernel -sources. +files. For information about the current format of this file, see below. This file, in combination with the poll() system call, can also be used to detect when devices are added or removed:: diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt index 4421135826a2..d661e6f7e6a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt @@ -196,12 +196,13 @@ struct driver_attribute { }; Device drivers can export attributes via their sysfs directories. -Drivers can declare attributes using a DRIVER_ATTR macro that works -identically to the DEVICE_ATTR macro. +Drivers can declare attributes using a DRIVER_ATTR_RW and DRIVER_ATTR_RO +macro that works identically to the DEVICE_ATTR_RW and DEVICE_ATTR_RO +macros. Example: -DRIVER_ATTR(debug,0644,show_debug,store_debug); +DRIVER_ATTR_RW(debug); This is equivalent to declaring: diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.txt b/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.txt index 83d3f4e43e91..e861d761de24 100644 --- a/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.txt +++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.txt @@ -6,41 +6,11 @@ specified notifier chain callbacks. It is useful to test the error handling of notifier call chain failures which is rarely executed. There are kernel modules that can be used to test the following notifiers. - * CPU notifier * PM notifier * Memory hotplug notifier * powerpc pSeries reconfig notifier * Netdevice notifier -CPU notifier error injection module ------------------------------------ -This feature can be used to test the error handling of the CPU notifiers by -injecting artificial errors to CPU notifier chain callbacks. - -If the notifier call chain should be failed with some events notified, write -the error code to debugfs interface -/sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/cpu/actions/<notifier event>/error - -Possible CPU notifier events to be failed are: - - * CPU_UP_PREPARE - * CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN - * CPU_DOWN_PREPARE - * CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN - -Example1: Inject CPU offline error (-1 == -EPERM) - - # cd /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/cpu - # echo -1 > actions/CPU_DOWN_PREPARE/error - # echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online - bash: echo: write error: Operation not permitted - -Example2: inject CPU online error (-2 == -ENOENT) - - # echo -2 > actions/CPU_UP_PREPARE/error - # echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online - bash: echo: write error: No such file or directory - PM notifier error injection module ---------------------------------- This feature is controlled through debugfs interface diff --git a/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt b/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt index a38d3aa4d189..79c22d096bbc 100644 --- a/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt +++ b/Documentation/fb/fbcon.txt @@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ C. Boot options 1. fbcon=font:<name> Select the initial font to use. The value 'name' can be any of the - compiled-in fonts: VGA8x16, 7x14, 10x18, VGA8x8, MINI4x6, RomanLarge, - SUN8x16, SUN12x22, ProFont6x11, Acorn8x8, PEARL8x8. + compiled-in fonts: 10x18, 6x10, 7x14, Acorn8x8, MINI4x6, + PEARL8x8, ProFont6x11, SUN12x22, SUN8x16, VGA8x16, VGA8x8. Note, not all drivers can handle font with widths not divisible by 8, such as vga16fb. diff --git a/Documentation/features/debug/KASAN/arch-support.txt b/Documentation/features/debug/KASAN/arch-support.txt index 76bbd7fe27b3..f377290fe48e 100644 --- a/Documentation/features/debug/KASAN/arch-support.txt +++ b/Documentation/features/debug/KASAN/arch-support.txt @@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ | tile: | TODO | | um: | TODO | | unicore32: | TODO | - | x86: | ok | + | x86: | ok | 64-bit only | xtensa: | TODO | ----------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/AUTHORS b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/AUTHORS index c98800df677f..9f4f87e16240 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/AUTHORS +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/AUTHORS @@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ Igor Mammedov (DFS support) Jeff Layton (many, many fixes, as well as great work on the cifs Kerberos code) Scott Lovenberg Pavel Shilovsky (for great work adding SMB2 support, and various SMB3 features) +Aurelien Aptel (for DFS SMB3 work and some key bug fixes) +Ronnie Sahlberg (for SMB3 xattr work and bug fixes) +Shirish Pargaonkar (for many ACL patches over the years) +Sachin Prabhu (many bug fixes, including for reconnect, copy offload and security) + Test case and Bug Report contributors ------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/README b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/README index a54788405429..a9da51553ba3 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/README +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/README @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -The CIFS VFS support for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem -features such as hierarchical dfs like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more. +This module supports the SMB3 family of advanced network protocols (as well +as older dialects, originally called "CIFS" or SMB1). + +The CIFS VFS module for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem +features such as hierarchical DFS like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more. It was designed to comply with the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference (which supersedes the 1992 X/Open SMB Standard) as well as to perform best practice practical interoperability with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Samba and equivalent servers. This code was developed in participation with the Protocol Freedom -Information Foundation. +Information Foundation. CIFS and now SMB3 has now become a defacto +standard for interoperating between Macs and Windows and major NAS appliances. Please see http://protocolfreedom.org/ and @@ -15,30 +19,11 @@ for more details. For questions or bug reports please contact: sfrench@samba.org (sfrench@us.ibm.com) +See the project page at: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFS_utils + Build instructions: ================== -For Linux 2.4: -1) Get the kernel source (e.g.from http://www.kernel.org) -and download the cifs vfs source (see the project page -at http://us1.samba.org/samba/Linux_CIFS_client.html) -and change directory into the top of the kernel directory -then patch the kernel (e.g. "patch -p1 < cifs_24.patch") -to add the cifs vfs to your kernel configure options if -it has not already been added (e.g. current SuSE and UL -users do not need to apply the cifs_24.patch since the cifs vfs is -already in the kernel configure menu) and then -mkdir linux/fs/cifs and then copy the current cifs vfs files from -the cifs download to your kernel build directory e.g. - - cp <cifs_download_dir>/fs/cifs/* to <kernel_download_dir>/fs/cifs - -2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig) -3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices -4) save and exit -5) make dep -6) make modules (or "make" if CIFS VFS not to be built as a module) - -For Linux 2.6: +For Linux: 1) Download the kernel (e.g. from http://www.kernel.org) and change directory into the top of the kernel directory tree (e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73) @@ -61,16 +46,13 @@ would simply type "make install"). If you do not have the utility mount.cifs (in the Samba 3.0 source tree and on the CIFS VFS web site) copy it to the same directory in which mount.smbfs and similar files reside (usually /sbin). Although the helper software is not -required, mount.cifs is recommended. Eventually the Samba 3.0 utility program -"net" may also be helpful since it may someday provide easier mount syntax for -users who are used to Windows e.g. - net use <mount point> <UNC name or cifs URL> +required, mount.cifs is recommended. Most distros include a "cifs-utils" +package that includes this utility so it is recommended to install this. + Note that running the Winbind pam/nss module (logon service) on all of your Linux clients is useful in mapping Uids and Gids consistently across the domain to the proper network user. The mount.cifs mount helper can be -trivially built from Samba 3.0 or later source e.g. by executing: - - gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -o mount.cifs +found at cifs-utils.git on git.samba.org If cifs is built as a module, then the size and number of network buffers and maximum number of simultaneous requests to one server can be configured. @@ -79,6 +61,18 @@ Changing these from their defaults is not recommended. By executing modinfo on kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko the list of configuration changes that can be made at module initialization time (by running insmod cifs.ko) can be seen. +Recommendations +=============== +To improve security the SMB2.1 dialect or later (usually will get SMB3) is now +the new default. To use old dialects (e.g. to mount Windows XP) use "vers=1.0" +on mount (or vers=2.0 for Windows Vista). Note that the CIFS (vers=1.0) is +much older and less secure than the default dialect SMB3 which includes +many advanced security features such as downgrade attack detection +and encrypted shares and stronger signing and authentication algorithms. +There are additional mount options that may be helpful for SMB3 to get +improved POSIX behavior (NB: can use vers=3.0 to force only SMB3, never 2.1): + "mfsymlinks" and "cifsacl" and "idsfromsid" + Allowing User Mounts ==================== To permit users to mount and unmount over directories they own is possible @@ -98,9 +92,7 @@ and execution of suid programs on the remote target would be enabled by default. This can be changed, as with nfs and other filesystems, by simply specifying "nosuid" among the mount options. For user mounts though to be able to pass the suid flag to mount requires rebuilding -mount.cifs with the following flag: - - gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -DCIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID -o mount.cifs +mount.cifs with the following flag: CIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID There is a corresponding manual page for cifs mounting in the Samba 3.0 and later source tree in docs/manpages/mount.cifs.8 @@ -189,18 +181,18 @@ applications running on the same server as Samba. Use instructions: ================ Once the CIFS VFS support is built into the kernel or installed as a module -(cifs.o), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or Windows -servers: +(cifs.ko), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or +Mac or Windows servers: - mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypassword + mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o username=myname,password=mypassword Before -o the option -v may be specified to make the mount.cifs mount helper display the mount steps more verbosely. After -o the following commonly used cifs vfs specific options are supported: - user=<username> - pass=<password> + username=<username> + password=<password> domain=<domain name> Other cifs mount options are described below. Use of TCP names (in addition to @@ -246,13 +238,16 @@ the Server's registry. Samba starting with version 3.10 will allow such filenames (ie those which contain valid Linux characters, which normally would be forbidden for Windows/CIFS semantics) as long as the server is configured for Unix Extensions (and the client has not disabled -/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled). - +/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled). In addition the mount option +"mapposix" can be used on CIFS (vers=1.0) to force the mapping of +illegal Windows/NTFS/SMB characters to a remap range (this mount parm +is the default for SMB3). This remap ("mapposix") range is also +compatible with Mac (and "Services for Mac" on some older Windows). CIFS VFS Mount Options ====================== A partial list of the supported mount options follows: - user The user name to use when trying to establish + username The user name to use when trying to establish the CIFS session. password The user password. If the mount helper is installed, the user will be prompted for password diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/TODO b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/TODO index 066ffddc3964..396ecfd6ff4a 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/TODO +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/TODO @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Version 2.03 August 1, 2014 +Version 2.04 September 13, 2017 A Partial List of Missing Features ================================== @@ -8,73 +8,69 @@ for visible, important contributions to this module. Here is a partial list of the known problems and missing features: a) SMB3 (and SMB3.02) missing optional features: - - RDMA + - RDMA (started) - multichannel (started) - directory leases (improved metadata caching) - T10 copy offload (copy chunk is only mechanism supported) - - encrypted shares b) improved sparse file support c) Directory entry caching relies on a 1 second timer, rather than -using FindNotify or equivalent. - (started) +using Directory Leases d) quota support (needs minor kernel change since quota calls to make it to network filesystems or deviceless filesystems) -e) improve support for very old servers (OS/2 and Win9x for example) -Including support for changing the time remotely (utimes command). +e) Better optimize open to reduce redundant opens (using reference +counts more) and to improve use of compounding in SMB3 to reduce +number of roundtrips. -f) hook lower into the sockets api (as NFS/SunRPC does) to avoid the -extra copy in/out of the socket buffers in some cases. - -g) Better optimize open (and pathbased setfilesize) to reduce the -oplock breaks coming from windows srv. Piggyback identical file -opens on top of each other by incrementing reference count rather -than resending (helps reduce server resource utilization and avoid -spurious oplock breaks). - -h) Add support for storing symlink info to Windows servers -in the Extended Attribute format their SFU clients would recognize. - -i) Finish inotify support so kde and gnome file list windows +f) Finish inotify support so kde and gnome file list windows will autorefresh (partially complete by Asser). Needs minor kernel vfs change to support removing D_NOTIFY on a file. -j) Add GUI tool to configure /proc/fs/cifs settings and for display of +g) Add GUI tool to configure /proc/fs/cifs settings and for display of the CIFS statistics (started) -k) implement support for security and trusted categories of xattrs +h) implement support for security and trusted categories of xattrs (requires minor protocol extension) to enable better support for SELINUX -l) Implement O_DIRECT flag on open (already supported on mount) +i) Implement O_DIRECT flag on open (already supported on mount) -m) Create UID mapping facility so server UIDs can be mapped on a per +j) Create UID mapping facility so server UIDs can be mapped on a per mount or a per server basis to client UIDs or nobody if no mapping -exists. This is helpful when Unix extensions are negotiated to -allow better permission checking when UIDs differ on the server -and client. Add new protocol request to the CIFS protocol -standard for asking the server for the corresponding name of a -particular uid. +exists. Also better integration with winbind for resolving SID owners + +k) Add tools to take advantage of more smb3 specific ioctls and features + +l) encrypted file support + +m) improved stats gathering, tools (perhaps integration with nfsometer?) -n) DOS attrs - returned as pseudo-xattr in Samba format (check VFAT and NTFS for this too) +n) allow setting more NTFS/SMB3 file attributes remotely (currently limited to compressed +file attribute via chflags) and improve user space tools for managing and +viewing them. -o) mount check for unmatched uids +o) mount helper GUI (to simplify the various configuration options on mount) -p) Add support for new vfs entry point for fallocate +p) autonegotiation of dialects (offering more than one dialect ie SMB3.02, +SMB3, SMB2.1 not just SMB3). -q) Add tools to take advantage of cifs/smb3 specific ioctls and features -such as "CopyChunk" (fast server side file copy) +q) Allow mount.cifs to be more verbose in reporting errors with dialect +or unsupported feature errors. -r) encrypted file support +r) updating cifs documentation, and user guid. -s) improved stats gathering, tools (perhaps integration with nfsometer?) +s) Addressing bugs found by running a broader set of xfstests in standard +file system xfstest suite. -t) allow setting more NTFS/SMB3 file attributes remotely (currently limited to compressed -file attribute via chflags) +t) split cifs and smb3 support into separate modules so legacy (and less +secure) CIFS dialect can be disabled in environments that don't need it +and simplify the code. -u) mount helper GUI (to simplify the various configuration options on mount) +u) Finish up SMB3.1.1 dialect support +v) POSIX Extensions for SMB3.1.1 KNOWN BUGS ==================================== diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/cifs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/cifs.txt index 2fac91ac96cf..67756607246e 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/cifs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/cifs/cifs.txt @@ -1,24 +1,28 @@ - This is the client VFS module for the Common Internet File System - (CIFS) protocol which is the successor to the Server Message Block + This is the client VFS module for the SMB3 NAS protocol as well + older dialects such as the Common Internet File System (CIFS) + protocol which was the successor to the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, the native file sharing mechanism for most early PC operating systems. New and improved versions of CIFS are now called SMB2 and SMB3. These dialects are also supported by the CIFS VFS module. CIFS is fully supported by network - file servers such as Windows 2000, 2003, 2008 and 2012 + file servers such as Windows 2000, 2003, 2008, 2012 and 2016 as well by Samba (which provides excellent CIFS - server support for Linux and many other operating systems), so + server support for Linux and many other operating systems), Apple + systems, as well as most Network Attached Storage vendors, so this network filesystem client can mount to a wide variety of servers. The intent of this module is to provide the most advanced network - file system function for CIFS compliant servers, including better - POSIX compliance, secure per-user session establishment, high - performance safe distributed caching (oplock), optional packet + file system function for SMB3 compliant servers, including advanced + security features, excellent parallelized high performance i/o, better + POSIX compliance, secure per-user session establishment, encryption, + high performance safe distributed caching (leases/oplocks), optional packet signing, large files, Unicode support and other internationalization improvements. Since both Samba server and this filesystem client support - the CIFS Unix extensions, the combination can provide a reasonable - alternative to NFSv4 for fileserving in some Linux to Linux environments, - not just in Linux to Windows environments. + the CIFS Unix extensions (and in the future SMB3 POSIX extensions), + the combination can provide a reasonable alternative to other network and + cluster file systems for fileserving in some Linux to Linux environments, + not just in Linux to Windows (or Linux to Mac) environments. This filesystem has an mount utility (mount.cifs) that can be obtained from diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/dnotify.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/dnotify.txt index 6baf88f46859..15156883d321 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/dnotify.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/dnotify.txt @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ disabled, fcntl(fd, F_NOTIFY, ...) will return -EINVAL. Example ------- -See Documentation/filesystems/dnotify_test.c for an example. +See tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/dnotify_test.c for an example. NOTE ---- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt index 5a8f7f4d2bca..75236c0c2ac2 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt @@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ Note: More extensive information for getting started with ext4 can be * ability to pack bitmaps and inode tables into larger virtual groups via the flex_bg feature * large file support -* Inode allocation using large virtual block groups via flex_bg +* inode allocation using large virtual block groups via flex_bg * delayed allocation * large block (up to pagesize) support -* efficient new ordered mode in JBD2 and ext4(avoid using buffer head to force +* efficient new ordered mode in JBD2 and ext4 (avoid using buffer head to force the ordering) [1] Filesystems with a block size of 1k may see a limit imposed by the @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ directory hash tree having a maximum depth of two. 2.2 Candidate features for future inclusion -* Online defrag (patches available but not well tested) +* online defrag (patches available but not well tested) * reduced mke2fs time via lazy itable initialization in conjunction with the uninit_bg feature (capability to do this is available in e2fsprogs but a kernel thread to do lazy zeroing of unused inode table blocks @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ Table of Ext4 specific ioctls bitmaps and inode table, the userspace tool thus just passes the new number of blocks. -EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT Swap i_blocks and associated attributes + EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT Swap i_blocks and associated attributes (like i_blocks, i_size, i_flags, ...) from the specified inode with inode EXT4_BOOT_LOADER_INO (#5). This is typically diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..776ddc655f79 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ +===================================== +Filesystem-level encryption (fscrypt) +===================================== + +Introduction +============ + +fscrypt is a library which filesystems can hook into to support +transparent encryption of files and directories. + +Note: "fscrypt" in this document refers to the kernel-level portion, +implemented in ``fs/crypto/``, as opposed to the userspace tool +`fscrypt <https://github.com/google/fscrypt>`_. This document only +covers the kernel-level portion. For command-line examples of how to +use encryption, see the documentation for the userspace tool `fscrypt +<https://github.com/google/fscrypt>`_. Also, it is recommended to use +the fscrypt userspace tool, or other existing userspace tools such as +`fscryptctl <https://github.com/google/fscryptctl>`_ or `Android's key +management system +<https://source.android.com/security/encryption/file-based>`_, over +using the kernel's API directly. Using existing tools reduces the +chance of introducing your own security bugs. (Nevertheless, for +completeness this documentation covers the kernel's API anyway.) + +Unlike dm-crypt, fscrypt operates at the filesystem level rather than +at the block device level. This allows it to encrypt different files +with different keys and to have unencrypted files on the same +filesystem. This is useful for multi-user systems where each user's +data-at-rest needs to be cryptographically isolated from the others. +However, except for filenames, fscrypt does not encrypt filesystem +metadata. + +Unlike eCryptfs, which is a stacked filesystem, fscrypt is integrated +directly into supported filesystems --- currently ext4, F2FS, and +UBIFS. This allows encrypted files to be read and written without +caching both the decrypted and encrypted pages in the pagecache, +thereby nearly halving the memory used and bringing it in line with +unencrypted files. Similarly, half as many dentries and inodes are +needed. eCryptfs also limits encrypted filenames to 143 bytes, +causing application compatibility issues; fscrypt allows the full 255 +bytes (NAME_MAX). Finally, unlike eCryptfs, the fscrypt API can be +used by unprivileged users, with no need to mount anything. + +fscrypt does not support encrypting files in-place. Instead, it +supports marking an empty directory as encrypted. Then, after +userspace provides the key, all regular files, directories, and +symbolic links created in that directory tree are transparently +encrypted. + +Threat model +============ + +Offline attacks +--------------- + +Provided that userspace chooses a strong encryption key, fscrypt +protects the confidentiality of file contents and filenames in the +event of a single point-in-time permanent offline compromise of the +block device content. fscrypt does not protect the confidentiality of +non-filename metadata, e.g. file sizes, file permissions, file +timestamps, and extended attributes. Also, the existence and location +of holes (unallocated blocks which logically contain all zeroes) in +files is not protected. + +fscrypt is not guaranteed to protect confidentiality or authenticity +if an attacker is able to manipulate the filesystem offline prior to +an authorized user later accessing the filesystem. + +Online attacks +-------------- + +fscrypt (and storage encryption in general) can only provide limited +protection, if any at all, against online attacks. In detail: + +fscrypt is only resistant to side-channel attacks, such as timing or +electromagnetic attacks, to the extent that the underlying Linux +Cryptographic API algorithms are. If a vulnerable algorithm is used, +such as a table-based implementation of AES, it may be possible for an +attacker to mount a side channel attack against the online system. +Side channel attacks may also be mounted against applications +consuming decrypted data. + +After an encryption key has been provided, fscrypt is not designed to +hide the plaintext file contents or filenames from other users on the +same system, regardless of the visibility of the keyring key. +Instead, existing access control mechanisms such as file mode bits, +POSIX ACLs, LSMs, or mount namespaces should be used for this purpose. +Also note that as long as the encryption keys are *anywhere* in +memory, an online attacker can necessarily compromise them by mounting +a physical attack or by exploiting any kernel security vulnerability +which provides an arbitrary memory read primitive. + +While it is ostensibly possible to "evict" keys from the system, +recently accessed encrypted files will remain accessible at least +until the filesystem is unmounted or the VFS caches are dropped, e.g. +using ``echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches``. Even after that, if the +RAM is compromised before being powered off, it will likely still be +possible to recover portions of the plaintext file contents, if not +some of the encryption keys as well. (Since Linux v4.12, all +in-kernel keys related to fscrypt are sanitized before being freed. +However, userspace would need to do its part as well.) + +Currently, fscrypt does not prevent a user from maliciously providing +an incorrect key for another user's existing encrypted files. A +protection against this is planned. + +Key hierarchy +============= + +Master Keys +----------- + +Each encrypted directory tree is protected by a *master key*. Master +keys can be up to 64 bytes long, and must be at least as long as the +greater of the key length needed by the contents and filenames +encryption modes being used. For example, if AES-256-XTS is used for +contents encryption, the master key must be 64 bytes (512 bits). Note +that the XTS mode is defined to require a key twice as long as that +required by the underlying block cipher. + +To "unlock" an encrypted directory tree, userspace must provide the +appropriate master key. There can be any number of master keys, each +of which protects any number of directory trees on any number of +filesystems. + +Userspace should generate master keys either using a cryptographically +secure random number generator, or by using a KDF (Key Derivation +Function). Note that whenever a KDF is used to "stretch" a +lower-entropy secret such as a passphrase, it is critical that a KDF +designed for this purpose be used, such as scrypt, PBKDF2, or Argon2. + +Per-file keys +------------- + +Master keys are not used to encrypt file contents or names directly. +Instead, a unique key is derived for each encrypted file, including +each regular file, directory, and symbolic link. This has several +advantages: + +- In cryptosystems, the same key material should never be used for + different purposes. Using the master key as both an XTS key for + contents encryption and as a CTS-CBC key for filenames encryption + would violate this rule. +- Per-file keys simplify the choice of IVs (Initialization Vectors) + for contents encryption. Without per-file keys, to ensure IV + uniqueness both the inode and logical block number would need to be + encoded in the IVs. This would make it impossible to renumber + inodes, which e.g. ``resize2fs`` can do when resizing an ext4 + filesystem. With per-file keys, it is sufficient to encode just the + logical block number in the IVs. +- Per-file keys strengthen the encryption of filenames, where IVs are + reused out of necessity. With a unique key per directory, IV reuse + is limited to within a single directory. +- Per-file keys allow individual files to be securely erased simply by + securely erasing their keys. (Not yet implemented.) + +A KDF (Key Derivation Function) is used to derive per-file keys from +the master key. This is done instead of wrapping a randomly-generated +key for each file because it reduces the size of the encryption xattr, +which for some filesystems makes the xattr more likely to fit in-line +in the filesystem's inode table. With a KDF, only a 16-byte nonce is +required --- long enough to make key reuse extremely unlikely. A +wrapped key, on the other hand, would need to be up to 64 bytes --- +the length of an AES-256-XTS key. Furthermore, currently there is no +requirement to support unlocking a file with multiple alternative +master keys or to support rotating master keys. Instead, the master +keys may be wrapped in userspace, e.g. as done by the `fscrypt +<https://github.com/google/fscrypt>`_ tool. + +The current KDF encrypts the master key using the 16-byte nonce as an +AES-128-ECB key. The output is used as the derived key. If the +output is longer than needed, then it is truncated to the needed +length. Truncation is the norm for directories and symlinks, since +those use the CTS-CBC encryption mode which requires a key half as +long as that required by the XTS encryption mode. + +Note: this KDF meets the primary security requirement, which is to +produce unique derived keys that preserve the entropy of the master +key, assuming that the master key is already a good pseudorandom key. +However, it is nonstandard and has some problems such as being +reversible, so it is generally considered to be a mistake! It may be +replaced with HKDF or another more standard KDF in the future. + +Encryption modes and usage +========================== + +fscrypt allows one encryption mode to be specified for file contents +and one encryption mode to be specified for filenames. Different +directory trees are permitted to use different encryption modes. +Currently, the following pairs of encryption modes are supported: + +- AES-256-XTS for contents and AES-256-CTS-CBC for filenames +- AES-128-CBC for contents and AES-128-CTS-CBC for filenames + +It is strongly recommended to use AES-256-XTS for contents encryption. +AES-128-CBC was added only for low-powered embedded devices with +crypto accelerators such as CAAM or CESA that do not support XTS. + +New encryption modes can be added relatively easily, without changes +to individual filesystems. However, authenticated encryption (AE) +modes are not currently supported because of the difficulty of dealing +with ciphertext expansion. + +For file contents, each filesystem block is encrypted independently. +Currently, only the case where the filesystem block size is equal to +the system's page size (usually 4096 bytes) is supported. With the +XTS mode of operation (recommended), the logical block number within +the file is used as the IV. With the CBC mode of operation (not +recommended), ESSIV is used; specifically, the IV for CBC is the +logical block number encrypted with AES-256, where the AES-256 key is +the SHA-256 hash of the inode's data encryption key. + +For filenames, the full filename is encrypted at once. Because of the +requirements to retain support for efficient directory lookups and +filenames of up to 255 bytes, a constant initialization vector (IV) is +used. However, each encrypted directory uses a unique key, which +limits IV reuse to within a single directory. Note that IV reuse in +the context of CTS-CBC encryption means that when the original +filenames share a common prefix at least as long as the cipher block +size (16 bytes for AES), the corresponding encrypted filenames will +also share a common prefix. This is undesirable; it may be fixed in +the future by switching to an encryption mode that is a strong +pseudorandom permutation on arbitrary-length messages, e.g. the HEH +(Hash-Encrypt-Hash) mode. + +Since filenames are encrypted with the CTS-CBC mode of operation, the +plaintext and ciphertext filenames need not be multiples of the AES +block size, i.e. 16 bytes. However, the minimum size that can be +encrypted is 16 bytes, so shorter filenames are NUL-padded to 16 bytes +before being encrypted. In addition, to reduce leakage of filename +lengths via their ciphertexts, all filenames are NUL-padded to the +next 4, 8, 16, or 32-byte boundary (configurable). 32 is recommended +since this provides the best confidentiality, at the cost of making +directory entries consume slightly more space. Note that since NUL +(``\0``) is not otherwise a valid character in filenames, the padding +will never produce duplicate plaintexts. + +Symbolic link targets are considered a type of filename and are +encrypted in the same way as filenames in directory entries. Each +symlink also uses a unique key; hence, the hardcoded IV is not a +problem for symlinks. + +User API +======== + +Setting an encryption policy +---------------------------- + +The FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY ioctl sets an encryption policy on an +empty directory or verifies that a directory or regular file already +has the specified encryption policy. It takes in a pointer to a +:c:type:`struct fscrypt_policy`, defined as follows:: + + #define FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8 + + struct fscrypt_policy { + __u8 version; + __u8 contents_encryption_mode; + __u8 filenames_encryption_mode; + __u8 flags; + __u8 master_key_descriptor[FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE]; + }; + +This structure must be initialized as follows: + +- ``version`` must be 0. + +- ``contents_encryption_mode`` and ``filenames_encryption_mode`` must + be set to constants from ``<linux/fs.h>`` which identify the + encryption modes to use. If unsure, use + FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS (1) for ``contents_encryption_mode`` + and FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS (4) for + ``filenames_encryption_mode``. + +- ``flags`` must be set to a value from ``<linux/fs.h>`` which + identifies the amount of NUL-padding to use when encrypting + filenames. If unsure, use FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32 (0x3). + +- ``master_key_descriptor`` specifies how to find the master key in + the keyring; see `Adding keys`_. It is up to userspace to choose a + unique ``master_key_descriptor`` for each master key. The e4crypt + and fscrypt tools use the first 8 bytes of + ``SHA-512(SHA-512(master_key))``, but this particular scheme is not + required. Also, the master key need not be in the keyring yet when + FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY is executed. However, it must be added + before any files can be created in the encrypted directory. + +If the file is not yet encrypted, then FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY +verifies that the file is an empty directory. If so, the specified +encryption policy is assigned to the directory, turning it into an +encrypted directory. After that, and after providing the +corresponding master key as described in `Adding keys`_, all regular +files, directories (recursively), and symlinks created in the +directory will be encrypted, inheriting the same encryption policy. +The filenames in the directory's entries will be encrypted as well. + +Alternatively, if the file is already encrypted, then +FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY validates that the specified encryption +policy exactly matches the actual one. If they match, then the ioctl +returns 0. Otherwise, it fails with EEXIST. This works on both +regular files and directories, including nonempty directories. + +Note that the ext4 filesystem does not allow the root directory to be +encrypted, even if it is empty. Users who want to encrypt an entire +filesystem with one key should consider using dm-crypt instead. + +FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY can fail with the following errors: + +- ``EACCES``: the file is not owned by the process's uid, nor does the + process have the CAP_FOWNER capability in a namespace with the file + owner's uid mapped +- ``EEXIST``: the file is already encrypted with an encryption policy + different from the one specified +- ``EINVAL``: an invalid encryption policy was specified (invalid + version, mode(s), or flags) +- ``ENOTDIR``: the file is unencrypted and is a regular file, not a + directory +- ``ENOTEMPTY``: the file is unencrypted and is a nonempty directory +- ``ENOTTY``: this type of filesystem does not implement encryption +- ``EOPNOTSUPP``: the kernel was not configured with encryption + support for this filesystem, or the filesystem superblock has not + had encryption enabled on it. (For example, to use encryption on an + ext4 filesystem, CONFIG_EXT4_ENCRYPTION must be enabled in the + kernel config, and the superblock must have had the "encrypt" + feature flag enabled using ``tune2fs -O encrypt`` or ``mkfs.ext4 -O + encrypt``.) +- ``EPERM``: this directory may not be encrypted, e.g. because it is + the root directory of an ext4 filesystem +- ``EROFS``: the filesystem is readonly + +Getting an encryption policy +---------------------------- + +The FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY ioctl retrieves the :c:type:`struct +fscrypt_policy`, if any, for a directory or regular file. See above +for the struct definition. No additional permissions are required +beyond the ability to open the file. + +FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY can fail with the following errors: + +- ``EINVAL``: the file is encrypted, but it uses an unrecognized + encryption context format +- ``ENODATA``: the file is not encrypted +- ``ENOTTY``: this type of filesystem does not implement encryption +- ``EOPNOTSUPP``: the kernel was not configured with encryption + support for this filesystem + +Note: if you only need to know whether a file is encrypted or not, on +most filesystems it is also possible to use the FS_IOC_GETFLAGS ioctl +and check for FS_ENCRYPT_FL, or to use the statx() system call and +check for STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED in stx_attributes. + +Getting the per-filesystem salt +------------------------------- + +Some filesystems, such as ext4 and F2FS, also support the deprecated +ioctl FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT. This ioctl retrieves a randomly +generated 16-byte value stored in the filesystem superblock. This +value is intended to used as a salt when deriving an encryption key +from a passphrase or other low-entropy user credential. + +FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT is deprecated. Instead, prefer to +generate and manage any needed salt(s) in userspace. + +Adding keys +----------- + +To provide a master key, userspace must add it to an appropriate +keyring using the add_key() system call (see: +``Documentation/security/keys/core.rst``). The key type must be +"logon"; keys of this type are kept in kernel memory and cannot be +read back by userspace. The key description must be "fscrypt:" +followed by the 16-character lower case hex representation of the +``master_key_descriptor`` that was set in the encryption policy. The +key payload must conform to the following structure:: + + #define FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE 64 + + struct fscrypt_key { + u32 mode; + u8 raw[FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE]; + u32 size; + }; + +``mode`` is ignored; just set it to 0. The actual key is provided in +``raw`` with ``size`` indicating its size in bytes. That is, the +bytes ``raw[0..size-1]`` (inclusive) are the actual key. + +The key description prefix "fscrypt:" may alternatively be replaced +with a filesystem-specific prefix such as "ext4:". However, the +filesystem-specific prefixes are deprecated and should not be used in +new programs. + +There are several different types of keyrings in which encryption keys +may be placed, such as a session keyring, a user session keyring, or a +user keyring. Each key must be placed in a keyring that is "attached" +to all processes that might need to access files encrypted with it, in +the sense that request_key() will find the key. Generally, if only +processes belonging to a specific user need to access a given +encrypted directory and no session keyring has been installed, then +that directory's key should be placed in that user's user session +keyring or user keyring. Otherwise, a session keyring should be +installed if needed, and the key should be linked into that session +keyring, or in a keyring linked into that session keyring. + +Note: introducing the complex visibility semantics of keyrings here +was arguably a mistake --- especially given that by design, after any +process successfully opens an encrypted file (thereby setting up the +per-file key), possessing the keyring key is not actually required for +any process to read/write the file until its in-memory inode is +evicted. In the future there probably should be a way to provide keys +directly to the filesystem instead, which would make the intended +semantics clearer. + +Access semantics +================ + +With the key +------------ + +With the encryption key, encrypted regular files, directories, and +symlinks behave very similarly to their unencrypted counterparts --- +after all, the encryption is intended to be transparent. However, +astute users may notice some differences in behavior: + +- Unencrypted files, or files encrypted with a different encryption + policy (i.e. different key, modes, or flags), cannot be renamed or + linked into an encrypted directory; see `Encryption policy + enforcement`_. Attempts to do so will fail with EPERM. However, + encrypted files can be renamed within an encrypted directory, or + into an unencrypted directory. + +- Direct I/O is not supported on encrypted files. Attempts to use + direct I/O on such files will fall back to buffered I/O. + +- The fallocate operations FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE, + FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE, and FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE are not supported + on encrypted files and will fail with EOPNOTSUPP. + +- Online defragmentation of encrypted files is not supported. The + EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT and F2FS_IOC_MOVE_RANGE ioctls will fail with + EOPNOTSUPP. + +- The ext4 filesystem does not support data journaling with encrypted + regular files. It will fall back to ordered data mode instead. + +- DAX (Direct Access) is not supported on encrypted files. + +- The st_size of an encrypted symlink will not necessarily give the + length of the symlink target as required by POSIX. It will actually + give the length of the ciphertext, which may be slightly longer than + the plaintext due to the NUL-padding. + +Note that mmap *is* supported. This is possible because the pagecache +for an encrypted file contains the plaintext, not the ciphertext. + +Without the key +--------------- + +Some filesystem operations may be performed on encrypted regular +files, directories, and symlinks even before their encryption key has +been provided: + +- File metadata may be read, e.g. using stat(). + +- Directories may be listed, in which case the filenames will be + listed in an encoded form derived from their ciphertext. The + current encoding algorithm is described in `Filename hashing and + encoding`_. The algorithm is subject to change, but it is + guaranteed that the presented filenames will be no longer than + NAME_MAX bytes, will not contain the ``/`` or ``\0`` characters, and + will uniquely identify directory entries. + + The ``.`` and ``..`` directory entries are special. They are always + present and are not encrypted or encoded. + +- Files may be deleted. That is, nondirectory files may be deleted + with unlink() as usual, and empty directories may be deleted with + rmdir() as usual. Therefore, ``rm`` and ``rm -r`` will work as + expected. + +- Symlink targets may be read and followed, but they will be presented + in encrypted form, similar to filenames in directories. Hence, they + are unlikely to point to anywhere useful. + +Without the key, regular files cannot be opened or truncated. +Attempts to do so will fail with ENOKEY. This implies that any +regular file operations that require a file descriptor, such as +read(), write(), mmap(), fallocate(), and ioctl(), are also forbidden. + +Also without the key, files of any type (including directories) cannot +be created or linked into an encrypted directory, nor can a name in an +encrypted directory be the source or target of a rename, nor can an +O_TMPFILE temporary file be created in an encrypted directory. All +such operations will fail with ENOKEY. + +It is not currently possible to backup and restore encrypted files +without the encryption key. This would require special APIs which +have not yet been implemented. + +Encryption policy enforcement +============================= + +After an encryption policy has been set on a directory, all regular +files, directories, and symbolic links created in that directory +(recursively) will inherit that encryption policy. Special files --- +that is, named pipes, device nodes, and UNIX domain sockets --- will +not be encrypted. + +Except for those special files, it is forbidden to have unencrypted +files, or files encrypted with a different encryption policy, in an +encrypted directory tree. Attempts to link or rename such a file into +an encrypted directory will fail with EPERM. This is also enforced +during ->lookup() to provide limited protection against offline +attacks that try to disable or downgrade encryption in known locations +where applications may later write sensitive data. It is recommended +that systems implementing a form of "verified boot" take advantage of +this by validating all top-level encryption policies prior to access. + +Implementation details +====================== + +Encryption context +------------------ + +An encryption policy is represented on-disk by a :c:type:`struct +fscrypt_context`. It is up to individual filesystems to decide where +to store it, but normally it would be stored in a hidden extended +attribute. It should *not* be exposed by the xattr-related system +calls such as getxattr() and setxattr() because of the special +semantics of the encryption xattr. (In particular, there would be +much confusion if an encryption policy were to be added to or removed +from anything other than an empty directory.) The struct is defined +as follows:: + + #define FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8 + #define FS_KEY_DERIVATION_NONCE_SIZE 16 + + struct fscrypt_context { + u8 format; + u8 contents_encryption_mode; + u8 filenames_encryption_mode; + u8 flags; + u8 master_key_descriptor[FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE]; + u8 nonce[FS_KEY_DERIVATION_NONCE_SIZE]; + }; + +Note that :c:type:`struct fscrypt_context` contains the same +information as :c:type:`struct fscrypt_policy` (see `Setting an +encryption policy`_), except that :c:type:`struct fscrypt_context` +also contains a nonce. The nonce is randomly generated by the kernel +and is used to derive the inode's encryption key as described in +`Per-file keys`_. + +Data path changes +----------------- + +For the read path (->readpage()) of regular files, filesystems can +read the ciphertext into the page cache and decrypt it in-place. The +page lock must be held until decryption has finished, to prevent the +page from becoming visible to userspace prematurely. + +For the write path (->writepage()) of regular files, filesystems +cannot encrypt data in-place in the page cache, since the cached +plaintext must be preserved. Instead, filesystems must encrypt into a +temporary buffer or "bounce page", then write out the temporary +buffer. Some filesystems, such as UBIFS, already use temporary +buffers regardless of encryption. Other filesystems, such as ext4 and +F2FS, have to allocate bounce pages specially for encryption. + +Filename hashing and encoding +----------------------------- + +Modern filesystems accelerate directory lookups by using indexed +directories. An indexed directory is organized as a tree keyed by +filename hashes. When a ->lookup() is requested, the filesystem +normally hashes the filename being looked up so that it can quickly +find the corresponding directory entry, if any. + +With encryption, lookups must be supported and efficient both with and +without the encryption key. Clearly, it would not work to hash the +plaintext filenames, since the plaintext filenames are unavailable +without the key. (Hashing the plaintext filenames would also make it +impossible for the filesystem's fsck tool to optimize encrypted +directories.) Instead, filesystems hash the ciphertext filenames, +i.e. the bytes actually stored on-disk in the directory entries. When +asked to do a ->lookup() with the key, the filesystem just encrypts +the user-supplied name to get the ciphertext. + +Lookups without the key are more complicated. The raw ciphertext may +contain the ``\0`` and ``/`` characters, which are illegal in +filenames. Therefore, readdir() must base64-encode the ciphertext for +presentation. For most filenames, this works fine; on ->lookup(), the +filesystem just base64-decodes the user-supplied name to get back to +the raw ciphertext. + +However, for very long filenames, base64 encoding would cause the +filename length to exceed NAME_MAX. To prevent this, readdir() +actually presents long filenames in an abbreviated form which encodes +a strong "hash" of the ciphertext filename, along with the optional +filesystem-specific hash(es) needed for directory lookups. This +allows the filesystem to still, with a high degree of confidence, map +the filename given in ->lookup() back to a particular directory entry +that was previously listed by readdir(). See :c:type:`struct +fscrypt_digested_name` in the source for more details. + +Note that the precise way that filenames are presented to userspace +without the key is subject to change in the future. It is only meant +as a way to temporarily present valid filenames so that commands like +``rm -r`` work as expected on encrypted directories. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/index.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/index.rst index 256e10eedba4..53b89d0edc15 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/index.rst @@ -315,3 +315,14 @@ exported for use by modules. :internal: .. kernel-doc:: fs/pipe.c + +Encryption API +============== + +A library which filesystems can hook into to support transparent +encryption of files and directories. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + fscrypt diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt index 36f528a7fdd6..8caa60734647 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.txt @@ -210,8 +210,11 @@ path as another overlay mount and it may use a lower layer path that is beneath or above the path of another overlay lower layer path. Using an upper layer path and/or a workdir path that are already used by -another overlay mount is not allowed and will fail with EBUSY. Using +another overlay mount is not allowed and may fail with EBUSY. Using partially overlapping paths is not allowed but will not fail with EBUSY. +If files are accessed from two overlayfs mounts which share or overlap the +upper layer and/or workdir path the behavior of the overlay is undefined, +though it will not result in a crash or deadlock. Mounting an overlay using an upper layer path, where the upper layer path was previously used by another mounted overlay in combination with a diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.md b/Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.md index 1b39e084a2b2..1933ef734e63 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.md +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.md @@ -826,9 +826,9 @@ If the filesystem may need to revalidate dcache entries, then *is* passed the dentry but does not have access to the `inode` or the `seq` number from the `nameidata`, so it needs to be extra careful when accessing fields in the dentry. This "extra care" typically -involves using `ACCESS_ONCE()` or the newer [`READ_ONCE()`] to access -fields, and verifying the result is not NULL before using it. This -pattern can be see in `nfs_lookup_revalidate()`. +involves using [`READ_ONCE()`] to access fields, and verifying the +result is not NULL before using it. This pattern can be seen in +`nfs_lookup_revalidate()`. A pair of patterns ------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 24da7b32c489..9a3658cc399e 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -366,7 +366,8 @@ struct driver_attribute { Declaring: -DRIVER_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) +DRIVER_ATTR_RO(_name) +DRIVER_ATTR_RW(_name) Creation/Removal: diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt index 902b95d0ee51..d3d0e3218f86 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt @@ -1,11 +1,9 @@ * * Documentation/filesystems/udf.txt * -UDF Filesystem version 0.9.8.1 If you encounter problems with reading UDF discs using this driver, -please report them to linux_udf@hpesjro.fc.hp.com, which is the -developer's list. +please report them according to MAINTAINERS file. Write support requires a block driver which supports writing. Currently dvd+rw drives and media support true random sector writes, and so a udf @@ -73,10 +71,8 @@ The following expect a offset from the partition root. For the latest version and toolset see: - http://linux-udf.sourceforge.net/ + https://github.com/pali/udftools Documentation on UDF and ECMA 167 is available FREE from: http://www.osta.org/ http://www.ecma-international.org/ - -Ben Fennema <bfennema@falcon.csc.calpoly.edu> diff --git a/Documentation/gpio/consumer.txt b/Documentation/gpio/consumer.txt index 912568baabb9..63e1bd1d88e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpio/consumer.txt +++ b/Documentation/gpio/consumer.txt @@ -10,14 +10,30 @@ Guidelines for GPIOs consumers ============================== Drivers that can't work without standard GPIO calls should have Kconfig entries -that depend on GPIOLIB. The functions that allow a driver to obtain and use -GPIOs are available by including the following file: +that depend on GPIOLIB or select GPIOLIB. The functions that allow a driver to +obtain and use GPIOs are available by including the following file: #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h> +There are static inline stubs for all functions in the header file in the case +where GPIOLIB is disabled. When these stubs are called they will emit +warnings. These stubs are used for two use cases: + +- Simple compile coverage with e.g. COMPILE_TEST - it does not matter that + the current platform does not enable or select GPIOLIB because we are not + going to execute the system anyway. + +- Truly optional GPIOLIB support - where the driver does not really make use + of the GPIOs on certain compile-time configurations for certain systems, but + will use it under other compile-time configurations. In this case the + consumer must make sure not to call into these functions, or the user will + be met with console warnings that may be perceived as intimidating. + All the functions that work with the descriptor-based GPIO interface are prefixed with gpiod_. The gpio_ prefix is used for the legacy interface. No -other function in the kernel should use these prefixes. +other function in the kernel should use these prefixes. The use of the legacy +functions is strongly discouraged, new code should use <linux/gpio/consumer.h> +and descriptors exclusively. Obtaining and Disposing GPIOs @@ -279,9 +295,22 @@ as possible, especially by drivers which should not care about the actual physical line level and worry about the logical value instead. -Set multiple GPIO outputs with a single function call ------------------------------------------------------ -The following functions set the output values of an array of GPIOs: +Access multiple GPIOs with a single function call +------------------------------------------------- +The following functions get or set the values of an array of GPIOs: + + int gpiod_get_array_value(unsigned int array_size, + struct gpio_desc **desc_array, + int *value_array); + int gpiod_get_raw_array_value(unsigned int array_size, + struct gpio_desc **desc_array, + int *value_array); + int gpiod_get_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size, + struct gpio_desc **desc_array, + int *value_array); + int gpiod_get_raw_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size, + struct gpio_desc **desc_array, + int *value_array); void gpiod_set_array_value(unsigned int array_size, struct gpio_desc **desc_array, @@ -296,34 +325,40 @@ The following functions set the output values of an array of GPIOs: struct gpio_desc **desc_array, int *value_array) -The array can be an arbitrary set of GPIOs. The functions will try to set +The array can be an arbitrary set of GPIOs. The functions will try to access GPIOs belonging to the same bank or chip simultaneously if supported by the corresponding chip driver. In that case a significantly improved performance -can be expected. If simultaneous setting is not possible the GPIOs will be set -sequentially. +can be expected. If simultaneous access is not possible the GPIOs will be +accessed sequentially. -The gpiod_set_array() functions take three arguments: +The functions take three arguments: * array_size - the number of array elements * desc_array - an array of GPIO descriptors - * value_array - an array of values to assign to the GPIOs + * value_array - an array to store the GPIOs' values (get) or + an array of values to assign to the GPIOs (set) The descriptor array can be obtained using the gpiod_get_array() function or one of its variants. If the group of descriptors returned by that function -matches the desired group of GPIOs, those GPIOs can be set by simply using +matches the desired group of GPIOs, those GPIOs can be accessed by simply using the struct gpio_descs returned by gpiod_get_array(): struct gpio_descs *my_gpio_descs = gpiod_get_array(...); gpiod_set_array_value(my_gpio_descs->ndescs, my_gpio_descs->desc, my_gpio_values); -It is also possible to set a completely arbitrary array of descriptors. The +It is also possible to access a completely arbitrary array of descriptors. The descriptors may be obtained using any combination of gpiod_get() and gpiod_get_array(). Afterwards the array of descriptors has to be setup -manually before it can be used with gpiod_set_array(). +manually before it can be passed to one of the above functions. Note that for optimal performance GPIOs belonging to the same chip should be contiguous within the array of descriptors. +The return value of gpiod_get_array_value() and its variants is 0 on success +or negative on error. Note the difference to gpiod_get_value(), which returns +0 or 1 on success to convey the GPIO value. With the array functions, the GPIO +values are stored in value_array rather than passed back as return value. + GPIOs mapped to IRQs -------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/gpio/driver.txt b/Documentation/gpio/driver.txt index fc1d2f83564d..d8de1c7de85a 100644 --- a/Documentation/gpio/driver.txt +++ b/Documentation/gpio/driver.txt @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ GPIO irqchips usually fall in one of two categories: static irqreturn_t omap_gpio_irq_handler(int irq, void *gpiobank) unsigned long wa_lock_flags; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&bank->wa_lock, wa_lock_flags); - generic_handle_irq(irq_find_mapping(bank->chip.irqdomain, bit)); + generic_handle_irq(irq_find_mapping(bank->chip.irq.domain, bit)); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bank->wa_lock, wa_lock_flags); * GENERIC CHAINED GPIO irqchips: these are the same as "CHAINED GPIO irqchips", @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ symbol: mark all the child IRQs as having the other IRQ as parent. If there is a need to exclude certain GPIOs from the IRQ domain, you can -set .irq_need_valid_mask of the gpiochip before gpiochip_add_data() is -called. This allocates an .irq_valid_mask with as many bits set as there +set .irq.need_valid_mask of the gpiochip before gpiochip_add_data() is +called. This allocates an .irq.valid_mask with as many bits set as there are GPIOs in the chip. Drivers can exclude GPIOs by clearing bits from this mask. The mask must be filled in before gpiochip_irqchip_add() or gpiochip_irqchip_add_nested() is called. diff --git a/Documentation/hid/hiddev.txt b/Documentation/hid/hiddev.txt index 6e8c9f1d2f22..638448707aa2 100644 --- a/Documentation/hid/hiddev.txt +++ b/Documentation/hid/hiddev.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ To support these disparate requirements, the Linux USB system provides HID events to two separate interfaces: * the input subsystem, which converts HID events into normal input device interfaces (such as keyboard, mouse and joystick) and a -normalised event interface - see Documentation/input/input.txt +normalised event interface - see Documentation/input/input.rst * the hiddev interface, which provides fairly raw HID events The data flow for a HID event produced by a device is something like diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/max31785 b/Documentation/hwmon/max31785 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..45fb6093dec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/max31785 @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +Kernel driver max31785 +====================== + +Supported chips: + * Maxim MAX31785, MAX31785A + Prefix: 'max31785' or 'max31785a' + Addresses scanned: - + Datasheet: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX31785.pdf + +Author: Andrew Jeffery <andrew@aj.id.au> + +Description +----------- + +The Maxim MAX31785 is a PMBus device providing closed-loop, multi-channel fan +management with temperature and remote voltage sensing. Various fan control +features are provided, including PWM frequency control, temperature hysteresis, +dual tachometer measurements, and fan health monitoring. + +For dual rotor fan configuration, the MAX31785 exposes the slowest rotor of the +two in the fan[1-4]_input attributes. + +Usage Notes +----------- + +This driver does not probe for PMBus devices. You will have to instantiate +devices explicitly. + +Sysfs attributes +---------------- + +fan[1-4]_alarm Fan alarm. +fan[1-4]_fault Fan fault. +fan[1-4]_input Fan RPM. + +in[1-6]_crit Critical maximum output voltage +in[1-6]_crit_alarm Output voltage critical high alarm +in[1-6]_input Measured output voltage +in[1-6]_label "vout[18-23]" +in[1-6]_lcrit Critical minimum output voltage +in[1-6]_lcrit_alarm Output voltage critical low alarm +in[1-6]_max Maximum output voltage +in[1-6]_max_alarm Output voltage high alarm +in[1-6]_min Minimum output voltage +in[1-6]_min_alarm Output voltage low alarm + +temp[1-11]_crit Critical high temperature +temp[1-11]_crit_alarm Chip temperature critical high alarm +temp[1-11]_input Measured temperature +temp[1-11]_max Maximum temperature +temp[1-11]_max_alarm Chip temperature high alarm diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/sht15 b/Documentation/hwmon/sht15 index 778987d1856f..5e3207c3b177 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/sht15 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/sht15 @@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ chip. These coefficients are used to internally calibrate the signals from the sensors. Disabling the reload of those coefficients allows saving 10ms for each measurement and decrease power consumption, while losing on precision. -Some options may be set directly in the sht15_platform_data structure -or via sysfs attributes. +Some options may be set via sysfs attributes. Notes: * The regulator supply name is set to "vcc". diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 index 0500193434cb..d47702456926 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Supported adapters: * Intel Gemini Lake (SOC) * Intel Cannon Lake-H (PCH) * Intel Cannon Lake-LP (PCH) + * Intel Cedar Fork (PCH) Datasheets: Publicly available at the Intel website On Intel Patsburg and later chipsets, both the normal host SMBus controller diff --git a/Documentation/input/devices/xpad.rst b/Documentation/input/devices/xpad.rst index 5a709ab77c8d..b8bd65962dd8 100644 --- a/Documentation/input/devices/xpad.rst +++ b/Documentation/input/devices/xpad.rst @@ -230,4 +230,5 @@ Historic Edits 2005-03-19 - Dominic Cerquetti <binary1230@yahoo.com> - added stuff for dance pads, new d-pad->axes mappings -Later changes may be viewed with 'git log Documentation/input/xpad.txt' +Later changes may be viewed with +'git log --follow Documentation/input/devices/xpad.rst' diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt index 411b7282c287..71e9feefb63c 100644 --- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt +++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt @@ -1108,14 +1108,6 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly): ld Link target. Often, LDFLAGS_$@ is used to set specific options to ld. - objcopy - Copy binary. Uses OBJCOPYFLAGS usually specified in - arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile. - OBJCOPYFLAGS_$@ may be used to set additional options. - - gzip - Compress target. Use maximum compression to compress target. - Example: #arch/x86/boot/Makefile LDFLAGS_bootsect := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary @@ -1139,6 +1131,19 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly): resulting in the target file being recompiled for no obvious reason. + objcopy + Copy binary. Uses OBJCOPYFLAGS usually specified in + arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile. + OBJCOPYFLAGS_$@ may be used to set additional options. + + gzip + Compress target. Use maximum compression to compress target. + + Example: + #arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile + $(obj)/vmlinux.bin.gz: $(vmlinux.bin.all-y) FORCE + $(call if_changed,gzip) + dtc Create flattened device tree blob object suitable for linking into vmlinux. Device tree blobs linked into vmlinux are placed @@ -1218,7 +1223,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly): that may be shared between individual architectures. The recommended approach how to use a generic header file is to list the file in the Kbuild file. - See "7.3 generic-y" for further info on syntax etc. + See "7.2 generic-y" for further info on syntax etc. --- 6.11 Post-link pass @@ -1253,13 +1258,13 @@ A Kbuild file may be defined under arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/ and arch/<arch>/include/asm/ to list asm files coming from asm-generic. See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file. - --- 7.1 no-export-headers +--- 7.1 no-export-headers no-export-headers is essentially used by include/uapi/linux/Kbuild to avoid exporting specific headers (e.g. kvm.h) on architectures that do not support it. It should be avoided as much as possible. - --- 7.2 generic-y +--- 7.2 generic-y If an architecture uses a verbatim copy of a header from include/asm-generic then this is listed in the file @@ -1286,7 +1291,7 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file. Example: termios.h #include <asm-generic/termios.h> - --- 7.3 generated-y +--- 7.3 generated-y If an architecture generates other header files alongside generic-y wrappers, generated-y specifies them. @@ -1298,7 +1303,7 @@ See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file. #arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild generated-y += syscalls_32.h - --- 7.5 mandatory-y +--- 7.4 mandatory-y mandatory-y is essentially used by include/uapi/asm-generic/Kbuild.asm to define the minimum set of headers that must be exported in diff --git a/Documentation/kprobes.txt b/Documentation/kprobes.txt index 2335715bf471..22208bf2386d 100644 --- a/Documentation/kprobes.txt +++ b/Documentation/kprobes.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Kernel Probes (Kprobes) .. CONTENTS - 1. Concepts: Kprobes, Jprobes, Return Probes + 1. Concepts: Kprobes, and Return Probes 2. Architectures Supported 3. Configuring Kprobes 4. API Reference @@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ Kernel Probes (Kprobes) 6. Probe Overhead 7. TODO 8. Kprobes Example - 9. Jprobes Example - 10. Kretprobes Example + 9. Kretprobes Example + 10. Deprecated Features Appendix A: The kprobes debugfs interface Appendix B: The kprobes sysctl interface -Concepts: Kprobes, Jprobes, Return Probes +Concepts: Kprobes and Return Probes ========================================= Kprobes enables you to dynamically break into any kernel routine and @@ -32,12 +32,10 @@ routine to be invoked when the breakpoint is hit. .. [1] some parts of the kernel code can not be trapped, see :ref:`kprobes_blacklist`) -There are currently three types of probes: kprobes, jprobes, and -kretprobes (also called return probes). A kprobe can be inserted -on virtually any instruction in the kernel. A jprobe is inserted at -the entry to a kernel function, and provides convenient access to the -function's arguments. A return probe fires when a specified function -returns. +There are currently two types of probes: kprobes, and kretprobes +(also called return probes). A kprobe can be inserted on virtually +any instruction in the kernel. A return probe fires when a specified +function returns. In the typical case, Kprobes-based instrumentation is packaged as a kernel module. The module's init function installs ("registers") @@ -82,45 +80,6 @@ After the instruction is single-stepped, Kprobes executes the "post_handler," if any, that is associated with the kprobe. Execution then continues with the instruction following the probepoint. -How Does a Jprobe Work? ------------------------ - -A jprobe is implemented using a kprobe that is placed on a function's -entry point. It employs a simple mirroring principle to allow -seamless access to the probed function's arguments. The jprobe -handler routine should have the same signature (arg list and return -type) as the function being probed, and must always end by calling -the Kprobes function jprobe_return(). - -Here's how it works. When the probe is hit, Kprobes makes a copy of -the saved registers and a generous portion of the stack (see below). -Kprobes then points the saved instruction pointer at the jprobe's -handler routine, and returns from the trap. As a result, control -passes to the handler, which is presented with the same register and -stack contents as the probed function. When it is done, the handler -calls jprobe_return(), which traps again to restore the original stack -contents and processor state and switch to the probed function. - -By convention, the callee owns its arguments, so gcc may produce code -that unexpectedly modifies that portion of the stack. This is why -Kprobes saves a copy of the stack and restores it after the jprobe -handler has run. Up to MAX_STACK_SIZE bytes are copied -- e.g., -64 bytes on i386. - -Note that the probed function's args may be passed on the stack -or in registers. The jprobe will work in either case, so long as the -handler's prototype matches that of the probed function. - -Note that in some architectures (e.g.: arm64 and sparc64) the stack -copy is not done, as the actual location of stacked parameters may be -outside of a reasonable MAX_STACK_SIZE value and because that location -cannot be determined by the jprobes code. In this case the jprobes -user must be careful to make certain the calling signature of the -function does not cause parameters to be passed on the stack (e.g.: -more than eight function arguments, an argument of more than sixteen -bytes, or more than 64 bytes of argument data, depending on -architecture). - Return Probes ------------- @@ -245,8 +204,7 @@ Pre-optimization After preparing the detour buffer, Kprobes verifies that none of the following situations exist: -- The probe has either a break_handler (i.e., it's a jprobe) or a - post_handler. +- The probe has a post_handler. - Other instructions in the optimized region are probed. - The probe is disabled. @@ -331,7 +289,7 @@ rejects registering it, if the given address is in the blacklist. Architectures Supported ======================= -Kprobes, jprobes, and return probes are implemented on the following +Kprobes and return probes are implemented on the following architectures: - i386 (Supports jump optimization) @@ -446,27 +404,6 @@ architecture-specific trap number associated with the fault (e.g., on i386, 13 for a general protection fault or 14 for a page fault). Returns 1 if it successfully handled the exception. -register_jprobe ---------------- - -:: - - #include <linux/kprobes.h> - int register_jprobe(struct jprobe *jp) - -Sets a breakpoint at the address jp->kp.addr, which must be the address -of the first instruction of a function. When the breakpoint is hit, -Kprobes runs the handler whose address is jp->entry. - -The handler should have the same arg list and return type as the probed -function; and just before it returns, it must call jprobe_return(). -(The handler never actually returns, since jprobe_return() returns -control to Kprobes.) If the probed function is declared asmlinkage -or anything else that affects how args are passed, the handler's -declaration must match. - -register_jprobe() returns 0 on success, or a negative errno otherwise. - register_kretprobe ------------------ @@ -513,7 +450,6 @@ unregister_*probe #include <linux/kprobes.h> void unregister_kprobe(struct kprobe *kp); - void unregister_jprobe(struct jprobe *jp); void unregister_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp); Removes the specified probe. The unregister function can be called @@ -532,7 +468,6 @@ register_*probes #include <linux/kprobes.h> int register_kprobes(struct kprobe **kps, int num); int register_kretprobes(struct kretprobe **rps, int num); - int register_jprobes(struct jprobe **jps, int num); Registers each of the num probes in the specified array. If any error occurs during registration, all probes in the array, up to @@ -555,7 +490,6 @@ unregister_*probes #include <linux/kprobes.h> void unregister_kprobes(struct kprobe **kps, int num); void unregister_kretprobes(struct kretprobe **rps, int num); - void unregister_jprobes(struct jprobe **jps, int num); Removes each of the num probes in the specified array at once. @@ -574,7 +508,6 @@ disable_*probe #include <linux/kprobes.h> int disable_kprobe(struct kprobe *kp); int disable_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp); - int disable_jprobe(struct jprobe *jp); Temporarily disables the specified ``*probe``. You can enable it again by using enable_*probe(). You must specify the probe which has been registered. @@ -587,7 +520,6 @@ enable_*probe #include <linux/kprobes.h> int enable_kprobe(struct kprobe *kp); int enable_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp); - int enable_jprobe(struct jprobe *jp); Enables ``*probe`` which has been disabled by disable_*probe(). You must specify the probe which has been registered. @@ -595,12 +527,10 @@ the probe which has been registered. Kprobes Features and Limitations ================================ -Kprobes allows multiple probes at the same address. Currently, -however, there cannot be multiple jprobes on the same function at -the same time. Also, a probepoint for which there is a jprobe or -a post_handler cannot be optimized. So if you install a jprobe, -or a kprobe with a post_handler, at an optimized probepoint, the -probepoint will be unoptimized automatically. +Kprobes allows multiple probes at the same address. Also, +a probepoint for which there is a post_handler cannot be optimized. +So if you install a kprobe with a post_handler, at an optimized +probepoint, the probepoint will be unoptimized automatically. In general, you can install a probe anywhere in the kernel. In particular, you can probe interrupt handlers. Known exceptions @@ -662,7 +592,7 @@ We're unaware of other specific cases where this could be a problem. If, upon entry to or exit from a function, the CPU is running on a stack other than that of the current task, registering a return probe on that function may produce undesirable results. For this -reason, Kprobes doesn't support return probes (or kprobes or jprobes) +reason, Kprobes doesn't support return probes (or kprobes) on the x86_64 version of __switch_to(); the registration functions return -EINVAL. @@ -706,24 +636,24 @@ Probe Overhead On a typical CPU in use in 2005, a kprobe hit takes 0.5 to 1.0 microseconds to process. Specifically, a benchmark that hits the same probepoint repeatedly, firing a simple handler each time, reports 1-2 -million hits per second, depending on the architecture. A jprobe or -return-probe hit typically takes 50-75% longer than a kprobe hit. +million hits per second, depending on the architecture. A return-probe +hit typically takes 50-75% longer than a kprobe hit. When you have a return probe set on a function, adding a kprobe at the entry to that function adds essentially no overhead. Here are sample overhead figures (in usec) for different architectures:: - k = kprobe; j = jprobe; r = return probe; kr = kprobe + return probe - on same function; jr = jprobe + return probe on same function:: + k = kprobe; r = return probe; kr = kprobe + return probe + on same function i386: Intel Pentium M, 1495 MHz, 2957.31 bogomips - k = 0.57 usec; j = 1.00; r = 0.92; kr = 0.99; jr = 1.40 + k = 0.57 usec; r = 0.92; kr = 0.99 x86_64: AMD Opteron 246, 1994 MHz, 3971.48 bogomips - k = 0.49 usec; j = 0.76; r = 0.80; kr = 0.82; jr = 1.07 + k = 0.49 usec; r = 0.80; kr = 0.82 ppc64: POWER5 (gr), 1656 MHz (SMT disabled, 1 virtual CPU per physical CPU) - k = 0.77 usec; j = 1.31; r = 1.26; kr = 1.45; jr = 1.99 + k = 0.77 usec; r = 1.26; kr = 1.45 Optimized Probe Overhead ------------------------ @@ -755,11 +685,6 @@ Kprobes Example See samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c -Jprobes Example -=============== - -See samples/kprobes/jprobe_example.c - Kretprobes Example ================== @@ -772,6 +697,37 @@ For additional information on Kprobes, refer to the following URLs: - http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~boutcher/kprobes/ - http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/linuxsymposium_procv2.pdf (pages 101-115) +Deprecated Features +=================== + +Jprobes is now a deprecated feature. People who are depending on it should +migrate to other tracing features or use older kernels. Please consider to +migrate your tool to one of the following options: + +- Use trace-event to trace target function with arguments. + + trace-event is a low-overhead (and almost no visible overhead if it + is off) statically defined event interface. You can define new events + and trace it via ftrace or any other tracing tools. + + See the following urls: + + - https://lwn.net/Articles/379903/ + - https://lwn.net/Articles/381064/ + - https://lwn.net/Articles/383362/ + +- Use ftrace dynamic events (kprobe event) with perf-probe. + + If you build your kernel with debug info (CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y), you can + find which register/stack is assigned to which local variable or arguments + by using perf-probe and set up new event to trace it. + + See following documents: + + - Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.txt + - Documentation/trace/events.txt + - tools/perf/Documentation/perf-probe.txt + The kprobes debugfs interface ============================= @@ -783,14 +739,13 @@ under the /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/ directory (assuming debugfs is mounted at / /sys/kernel/debug/kprobes/list: Lists all registered probes on the system:: c015d71a k vfs_read+0x0 - c011a316 j do_fork+0x0 c03dedc5 r tcp_v4_rcv+0x0 The first column provides the kernel address where the probe is inserted. -The second column identifies the type of probe (k - kprobe, r - kretprobe -and j - jprobe), while the third column specifies the symbol+offset of -the probe. If the probed function belongs to a module, the module name -is also specified. Following columns show probe status. If the probe is on +The second column identifies the type of probe (k - kprobe and r - kretprobe) +while the third column specifies the symbol+offset of the probe. +If the probed function belongs to a module, the module name is also +specified. Following columns show probe status. If the probe is on a virtual address that is no longer valid (module init sections, module virtual addresses that correspond to modules that've been unloaded), such probes are marked with [GONE]. If the probe is temporarily disabled, diff --git a/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt b/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt index 19276f5d195c..1c707fc9b141 100644 --- a/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt +++ b/Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ is done when dirty_ratio is reached. DO_CPU: Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. -See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) +See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst for more info. Disabled by default.) CPU_MAXFREQ: @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 # Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? # Requires CPUFreq to be setup. -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info +# See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst for more info #DO_CPU=0 # When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} # cpu frequency scaling -# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info +# See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst for more info DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} diff --git a/Documentation/leds/00-INDEX b/Documentation/leds/00-INDEX index b4ef1f34e25f..ae626b29a740 100644 --- a/Documentation/leds/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/leds/00-INDEX @@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ leds-blinkm.txt - Driver for BlinkM LED-devices. leds-class.txt - documents LED handling under Linux. +leds-class-flash.txt + - documents flash LED handling under Linux. +leds-lm3556.txt + - notes on how to use the leds-lm3556 driver. leds-lp3944.txt - notes on how to use the leds-lp3944 driver. leds-lp5521.txt @@ -16,7 +20,13 @@ leds-lp55xx.txt - description about lp55xx common driver. leds-lm3556.txt - notes on how to use the leds-lm3556 driver. +leds-mlxcpld.txt + - notes on how to use the leds-mlxcpld driver. ledtrig-oneshot.txt - One-shot LED trigger for both sporadic and dense events. ledtrig-transient.txt - LED Transient Trigger, one shot timer activation. +ledtrig-usbport.txt + - notes on how to use the drivers/usb/core/ledtrig-usbport.c trigger. +uleds.txt + - notes on how to use the uleds driver. diff --git a/Documentation/locking/rt-mutex-design.txt b/Documentation/locking/rt-mutex-design.txt index 6c6e8c2410de..3d7b865539cc 100644 --- a/Documentation/locking/rt-mutex-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/locking/rt-mutex-design.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RT-mutex implementation design This document tries to describe the design of the rtmutex.c implementation. It doesn't describe the reasons why rtmutex.c exists. For that please see -Documentation/rt-mutex.txt. Although this document does explain problems +Documentation/locking/rt-mutex.txt. Although this document does explain problems that happen without this code, but that is in the concept to understand what the code actually is doing. diff --git a/Documentation/md/md-cluster.txt b/Documentation/md/md-cluster.txt index 82ee51604e9a..e1055f105cf5 100644 --- a/Documentation/md/md-cluster.txt +++ b/Documentation/md/md-cluster.txt @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -The cluster MD is a shared-device RAID for a cluster. +The cluster MD is a shared-device RAID for a cluster, it supports +two levels: raid1 and raid10 (limited support). 1. On-disk format diff --git a/Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/bt8xx.rst b/Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/bt8xx.rst index b43958b7340c..e3e387bdf498 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/bt8xx.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/bt8xx.rst @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ General information This class of cards has a bt878a as the PCI interface, and require the bttv driver for accessing the i2c bus and the gpio pins of the bt8xx chipset. -Please see Documentation/dvb/cards.txt => o Cards based on the Conexant Bt8xx PCI bridge: +Please see Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/cards.rst => o Cards based on the Conexant Bt8xx PCI bridge: Compiling kernel please enable: @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Loading Modules Regular case: If the bttv driver detects a bt8xx-based DVB card, all frontend and backend modules will be loaded automatically. Exceptions are: - Old TwinHan DST cards or clones with or without CA slot and not containing an Eeprom. -People running udev please see Documentation/dvb/udev.txt. +People running udev please see Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/udev.rst. In the following cases overriding the PCI type detection for dvb-bt8xx might be necessary: @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Useful parameters for verbosity level and debugging the dst module: The autodetected values are determined by the cards' "response string". In your logs see f. ex.: dst_get_device_id: Recognize [DSTMCI]. For bug reports please send in a complete log with verbose=4 activated. -Please also see Documentation/dvb/ci.txt. +Please also see Documentation/media/dvb-drivers/ci.rst. Running multiple cards ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Examples of card ID's: $ modprobe bttv card=113 card=135 -For a full list of card ID's please see Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.bttv. +For a full list of card ID's please see Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv-cardlist.rst. In case of further problems please subscribe and send questions to the mailing list: linux-dvb@linuxtv.org. Probing the cards with broken PCI subsystem ID diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.rst index 9d6c860271cb..d311a6866b3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.rst @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ MPEG stream. *Historical context*: This format specification originates from a custom, embedded, sliced VBI data format used by the ``ivtv`` driver. This format has already been informally specified in the kernel sources -in the file ``Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.vbi`` . The +in the file ``Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/cx2341x.rst`` . The maximum size of the payload and other aspects of this format are driven by the CX23415 MPEG decoder's capabilities and limitations with respect to extracting, decoding, and displaying sliced VBI data embedded within diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/extended-controls.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/extended-controls.rst index a3e81c1d276b..dfe49ae57e78 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/extended-controls.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/extended-controls.rst @@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ enum v4l2_mpeg_stream_vbi_fmt - * - ``V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV`` - VBI in private packets, IVTV format (documented in the kernel sources in the file - ``Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.vbi``) + ``Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/cx2341x.rst``) diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-reserved.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-reserved.rst index 521adb795535..38af1472a4b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-reserved.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-reserved.rst @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ please make a proposal on the linux-media mailing list. `http://www.ivtvdriver.org/ <http://www.ivtvdriver.org/>`__ The format is documented in the kernel sources in the file - ``Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.hm12`` + ``Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/cx2341x.rst`` * .. _V4L2-PIX-FMT-CPIA1: - ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_CPIA1`` diff --git a/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst b/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst index 195ccaac2816..5f35e2fb5afa 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ console and let some terminal application log the messages. /me uses screen. See Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for details on setting up a serial console. -Read Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst to learn how to get any useful +Read Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst to learn how to get any useful information out of a register+stack dump printed by the kernel on protection faults (so-called "kernel oops"). diff --git a/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/max2175.rst b/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/max2175.rst index 04478c25d57a..b1a4c89fd869 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/max2175.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/max2175.rst @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The MAX2175 driver implements the following driver-specific controls: ------------------------------- Enable/Disable I2S output of the tuner. This is a private control that can be accessed only using the subdev interface. - Refer to Documentation/media/kapi/v4l2-controls for more details. + Refer to Documentation/media/kapi/v4l2-controls.rst for more details. .. flat-table:: :header-rows: 0 diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt index b759a60624fd..479ecec80593 100644 --- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ CONTENTS - SMP barrier pairing. - Examples of memory barrier sequences. - Read memory barriers vs load speculation. - - Transitivity + - Multicopy atomicity. (*) Explicit kernel barriers. @@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ Memory barriers come in four basic varieties: to have any effect on loads. A CPU can be viewed as committing a sequence of store operations to the - memory system as time progresses. All stores before a write barrier will - occur in the sequence _before_ all the stores after the write barrier. + memory system as time progresses. All stores _before_ a write barrier + will occur _before_ all the stores after the write barrier. [!] Note that write barriers should normally be paired with read or data dependency barriers; see the "SMP barrier pairing" subsection. @@ -635,6 +635,11 @@ can be used to record rare error conditions and the like, and the CPUs' naturally occurring ordering prevents such records from being lost. +Note well that the ordering provided by a data dependency is local to +the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity" for +more information. + + The data dependency barrier is very important to the RCU system, for example. See rcu_assign_pointer() and rcu_dereference() in include/linux/rcupdate.h. This permits the current target of an RCU'd @@ -851,38 +856,11 @@ In short, control dependencies apply only to the stores in the then-clause and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement. -Finally, control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. This is -demonstrated by two related examples, with the initial values of -'x' and 'y' both being zero: - - CPU 0 CPU 1 - ======================= ======================= - r1 = READ_ONCE(x); r2 = READ_ONCE(y); - if (r1 > 0) if (r2 > 0) - WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); WRITE_ONCE(x, 1); - - assert(!(r1 == 1 && r2 == 1)); - -The above two-CPU example will never trigger the assert(). However, -if control dependencies guaranteed transitivity (which they do not), -then adding the following CPU would guarantee a related assertion: - CPU 2 - ===================== - WRITE_ONCE(x, 2); +Note well that the ordering provided by a control dependency is local +to the CPU containing it. See the section on "Multicopy atomicity" +for more information. - assert(!(r1 == 2 && r2 == 1 && x == 2)); /* FAILS!!! */ - -But because control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity, the above -assertion can fail after the combined three-CPU example completes. If you -need the three-CPU example to provide ordering, you will need smp_mb() -between the loads and stores in the CPU 0 and CPU 1 code fragments, -that is, just before or just after the "if" statements. Furthermore, -the original two-CPU example is very fragile and should be avoided. - -These two examples are the LB and WWC litmus tests from this paper: -http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/pes20/ppc-supplemental/test6.pdf and this -site: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/ppcmem/index.html. In summary: @@ -922,8 +900,8 @@ In summary: (*) Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers. - (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. If you - need transitivity, use smp_mb(). + (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide multicopy atomicity. If you + need all the CPUs to see a given store at the same time, use smp_mb(). (*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore your job to ensure that they do not break your code. @@ -936,13 +914,14 @@ When dealing with CPU-CPU interactions, certain types of memory barrier should always be paired. A lack of appropriate pairing is almost certainly an error. General barriers pair with each other, though they also pair with most -other types of barriers, albeit without transitivity. An acquire barrier -pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other barriers, -including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs with a data -dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier, a release -barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a read barrier, -control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs with a write -barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a general barrier: +other types of barriers, albeit without multicopy atomicity. An acquire +barrier pairs with a release barrier, but both may also pair with other +barriers, including of course general barriers. A write barrier pairs +with a data dependency barrier, a control dependency, an acquire barrier, +a release barrier, a read barrier, or a general barrier. Similarly a +read barrier, control dependency, or a data dependency barrier pairs +with a write barrier, an acquire barrier, a release barrier, or a +general barrier: CPU 1 CPU 2 =============== =============== @@ -968,7 +947,7 @@ Or even: =============== =============================== r1 = READ_ONCE(y); <general barrier> - WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) { + WRITE_ONCE(x, 1); if (r2 = READ_ONCE(x)) { <implicit control dependency> WRITE_ONCE(y, 1); } @@ -1359,64 +1338,79 @@ the speculation will be cancelled and the value reloaded: retrieved : : +-------+ -TRANSITIVITY ------------- +MULTICOPY ATOMICITY +-------------------- -Transitivity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is not -always provided by real computer systems. The following example -demonstrates transitivity: +Multicopy atomicity is a deeply intuitive notion about ordering that is +not always provided by real computer systems, namely that a given store +becomes visible at the same time to all CPUs, or, alternatively, that all +CPUs agree on the order in which all stores become visible. However, +support of full multicopy atomicity would rule out valuable hardware +optimizations, so a weaker form called ``other multicopy atomicity'' +instead guarantees only that a given store becomes visible at the same +time to all -other- CPUs. The remainder of this document discusses this +weaker form, but for brevity will call it simply ``multicopy atomicity''. + +The following example demonstrates multicopy atomicity: CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 ======================= ======================= ======================= { X = 0, Y = 0 } - STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1 - <general barrier> <general barrier> - LOAD Y LOAD X - -Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0. -This indicates that CPU 2's load from X in some sense follows CPU 1's -store to X and that CPU 2's load from Y in some sense preceded CPU 3's -store to Y. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?" - -Because CPU 2's load from X in some sense came after CPU 1's store, it + STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1) + <general barrier> <read barrier> + STORE Y=r1 LOAD X + +Suppose that CPU 2's load from X returns 1, which it then stores to Y, +and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1. This indicates that CPU 1's store +to X precedes CPU 2's load from X and that CPU 2's store to Y precedes +CPU 3's load from Y. In addition, the memory barriers guarantee that +CPU 2 executes its load before its store, and CPU 3 loads from Y before +it loads from X. The question is then "Can CPU 3's load from X return 0?" + +Because CPU 3's load from X in some sense comes after CPU 2's load, it is natural to expect that CPU 3's load from X must therefore return 1. -This expectation is an example of transitivity: if a load executing on -CPU A follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU B, then -CPU A's load must either return the same value that CPU B's load did, -or must return some later value. - -In the Linux kernel, use of general memory barriers guarantees -transitivity. Therefore, in the above example, if CPU 2's load from X -returns 1 and its load from Y returns 0, then CPU 3's load from X must -also return 1. - -However, transitivity is -not- guaranteed for read or write barriers. -For example, suppose that CPU 2's general barrier in the above example -is changed to a read barrier as shown below: +This expectation follows from multicopy atomicity: if a load executing +on CPU B follows a load from the same variable executing on CPU A (and +CPU A did not originally store the value which it read), then on +multicopy-atomic systems, CPU B's load must return either the same value +that CPU A's load did or some later value. However, the Linux kernel +does not require systems to be multicopy atomic. + +The use of a general memory barrier in the example above compensates +for any lack of multicopy atomicity. In the example, if CPU 2's load +from X returns 1 and CPU 3's load from Y returns 1, then CPU 3's load +from X must indeed also return 1. + +However, dependencies, read barriers, and write barriers are not always +able to compensate for non-multicopy atomicity. For example, suppose +that CPU 2's general barrier is removed from the above example, leaving +only the data dependency shown below: CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 ======================= ======================= ======================= { X = 0, Y = 0 } - STORE X=1 LOAD X STORE Y=1 - <read barrier> <general barrier> - LOAD Y LOAD X - -This substitution destroys transitivity: in this example, it is perfectly -legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1, its load from Y to return 0, -and CPU 3's load from X to return 0. - -The key point is that although CPU 2's read barrier orders its pair -of loads, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Therefore, if -this example runs on a system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a store buffer -or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's writes. -General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs agree -on the combined order of CPU 1's and CPU 2's accesses. - -General barriers provide "global transitivity", so that all CPUs will -agree on the order of operations. In contrast, a chain of release-acquire -pairs provides only "local transitivity", so that only those CPUs on -the chain are guaranteed to agree on the combined order of the accesses. -For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith: + STORE X=1 r1=LOAD X (reads 1) LOAD Y (reads 1) + <data dependency> <read barrier> + STORE Y=r1 LOAD X (reads 0) + +This substitution allows non-multicopy atomicity to run rampant: in +this example, it is perfectly legal for CPU 2's load from X to return 1, +CPU 3's load from Y to return 1, and its load from X to return 0. + +The key point is that although CPU 2's data dependency orders its load +and store, it does not guarantee to order CPU 1's store. Thus, if this +example runs on a non-multicopy-atomic system where CPUs 1 and 2 share a +store buffer or a level of cache, CPU 2 might have early access to CPU 1's +writes. General barriers are therefore required to ensure that all CPUs +agree on the combined order of multiple accesses. + +General barriers can compensate not only for non-multicopy atomicity, +but can also generate additional ordering that can ensure that -all- +CPUs will perceive the same order of -all- operations. In contrast, a +chain of release-acquire pairs do not provide this additional ordering, +which means that only those CPUs on the chain are guaranteed to agree +on the combined order of the accesses. For example, switching to C code +in deference to the ghost of Herman Hollerith: int u, v, x, y, z; @@ -1448,9 +1442,9 @@ For example, switching to C code in deference to Herman Hollerith: r3 = READ_ONCE(u); } -Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a local transitive -chain of smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following -outcome is prohibited: +Because cpu0(), cpu1(), and cpu2() participate in a chain of +smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire() pairs, the following outcome +is prohibited: r0 == 1 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 @@ -1460,9 +1454,9 @@ outcome is prohibited: r1 == 1 && r5 == 0 -However, the transitivity of release-acquire is local to the participating -CPUs and does not apply to cpu3(). Therefore, the following outcome -is possible: +However, the ordering provided by a release-acquire chain is local +to the CPUs participating in that chain and does not apply to cpu3(), +at least aside from stores. Therefore, the following outcome is possible: r0 == 0 && r1 == 1 && r2 == 1 && r3 == 0 && r4 == 0 @@ -1490,8 +1484,8 @@ following outcome is possible: Note that this outcome can happen even on a mythical sequentially consistent system where nothing is ever reordered. -To reiterate, if your code requires global transitivity, use general -barriers throughout. +To reiterate, if your code requires full ordering of all operations, +use general barriers throughout. ======================== @@ -1886,18 +1880,6 @@ There are some more advanced barrier functions: See Documentation/atomic_{t,bitops}.txt for more information. - (*) lockless_dereference(); - - This can be thought of as a pointer-fetch wrapper around the - smp_read_barrier_depends() data-dependency barrier. - - This is also similar to rcu_dereference(), but in cases where - object lifetime is handled by some mechanism other than RCU, for - example, when the objects removed only when the system goes down. - In addition, lockless_dereference() is used in some data structures - that can be used both with and without RCU. - - (*) dma_wmb(); (*) dma_rmb(); @@ -3101,6 +3083,9 @@ AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming Chapter 7.1: Memory-Access Ordering Chapter 7.4: Buffering and Combining Memory Writes +ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8, for ARMv8-A architecture profile) + Chapter B2: The AArch64 Application Level Memory Model + IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3: System Programming Guide Chapter 7.1: Locked Atomic Operations @@ -3112,6 +3097,8 @@ The SPARC Architecture Manual, Version 9 Appendix D: Formal Specification of the Memory Models Appendix J: Programming with the Memory Models +Storage in the PowerPC (Stone and Fitzgerald) + UltraSPARC Programmer Reference Manual Chapter 5: Memory Accesses and Cacheability Chapter 15: Sparc-V9 Memory Models diff --git a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt index 57f52cdce32e..9ba04c0bab8d 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt @@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ broadcast: Like active-backup, there is not much advantage to this and packet type ID), so in a "gatewayed" configuration, all outgoing traffic will generally use the same device. Incoming traffic may also end up on a single device, but that is - dependent upon the balancing policy of the peer's 8023.ad + dependent upon the balancing policy of the peer's 802.3ad implementation. In a "local" configuration, traffic will be distributed across the devices in the bond. diff --git a/Documentation/networking/cdc_mbim.txt b/Documentation/networking/cdc_mbim.txt index e4c376abbdad..4e68f0bc5dba 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/cdc_mbim.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/cdc_mbim.txt @@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ References [5] "MBIM (Mobile Broadband Interface Model) Registry" - http://compliance.usb.org/mbim/ -[6] "/dev/bus/usb filesystem output" - - Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt +[6] "/sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices output format" + - Documentation/driver-api/usb/usb.rst [7] "/sys/bus/usb/devices/.../descriptors" - Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-bus-usb diff --git a/Documentation/networking/checksum-offloads.txt b/Documentation/networking/checksum-offloads.txt index d52d191bbb0c..27bc09cfcf6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/checksum-offloads.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/checksum-offloads.txt @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The requirements for GSO are more complicated, because when segmenting an (section 'E') for more details. A driver declares its offload capabilities in netdev->hw_features; see - Documentation/networking/netdev-features for more. Note that a device + Documentation/networking/netdev-features.txt for more. Note that a device which only advertises NETIF_F_IP[V6]_CSUM must still obey the csum_start and csum_offset given in the SKB; if it tries to deduce these itself in hardware (as some NICs do) the driver should check that the values in the diff --git a/Documentation/networking/filter.txt b/Documentation/networking/filter.txt index 789b74dbe1d9..87814859cfc2 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/filter.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/filter.txt @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ Examples for low-level BPF: jeq #14, good /* __NR_rt_sigprocmask */ jeq #13, good /* __NR_rt_sigaction */ jeq #35, good /* __NR_nanosleep */ - bad: ret #0 /* SECCOMP_RET_KILL */ + bad: ret #0 /* SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD */ good: ret #0x7fff0000 /* SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW */ The above example code can be placed into a file (here called "foo"), and diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt index b3345d0fe0a6..77f4de59dc9c 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt @@ -1680,6 +1680,9 @@ accept_dad - INTEGER 2: Enable DAD, and disable IPv6 operation if MAC-based duplicate link-local address has been found. + DAD operation and mode on a given interface will be selected according + to the maximum value of conf/{all,interface}/accept_dad. + force_tllao - BOOLEAN Enable sending the target link-layer address option even when responding to a unicast neighbor solicitation. @@ -1727,16 +1730,23 @@ suppress_frag_ndisc - INTEGER optimistic_dad - BOOLEAN Whether to perform Optimistic Duplicate Address Detection (RFC 4429). - 0: disabled (default) - 1: enabled + 0: disabled (default) + 1: enabled + + Optimistic Duplicate Address Detection for the interface will be enabled + if at least one of conf/{all,interface}/optimistic_dad is set to 1, + it will be disabled otherwise. use_optimistic - BOOLEAN If enabled, do not classify optimistic addresses as deprecated during source address selection. Preferred addresses will still be chosen before optimistic addresses, subject to other ranking in the source address selection algorithm. - 0: disabled (default) - 1: enabled + 0: disabled (default) + 1: enabled + + This will be enabled if at least one of + conf/{all,interface}/use_optimistic is set to 1, disabled otherwise. stable_secret - IPv6 address This IPv6 address will be used as a secret to generate IPv6 diff --git a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt index f3b9e507ab05..bf654845556e 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ TX_RING part only TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE is set, then the tp_sec and tp_{n,u}sec members do not contain a valid value. For TX_RINGs, by default no timestamp is generated! -See include/linux/net_tstamp.h and Documentation/networking/timestamping +See include/linux/net_tstamp.h and Documentation/networking/timestamping.txt for more information on hardware timestamps. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.txt b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.txt index 5e40e1f68873..82236a17b5e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/switchdev.txt +++ b/Documentation/networking/switchdev.txt @@ -13,42 +13,42 @@ an example setup using a data-center-class switch ASIC chip. Other setups with SR-IOV or soft switches, such as OVS, are possible. - User-space tools - - user space | - +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ - kernel | Netlink - | - +--------------+-------------------------------+ - | Network stack | - | (Linux) | - | | - +----------------------------------------------+ + User-space tools + + user space | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ + kernel | Netlink + | + +--------------+-------------------------------+ + | Network stack | + | (Linux) | + | | + +----------------------------------------------+ sw1p2 sw1p4 sw1p6 - sw1p1 + sw1p3 + sw1p5 + eth1 - + | + | + | + - | | | | | | | - +--+----+----+----+-+--+----+---+ +-----+-----+ - | Switch driver | | mgmt | - | (this document) | | driver | - | | | | - +--------------+----------------+ +-----------+ - | - kernel | HW bus (eg PCI) - +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ - hardware | - +--------------+---+------------+ - | Switch device (sw1) | - | +----+ +--------+ - | | v offloaded data path | mgmt port - | | | | - +--|----|----+----+----+----+---+ - | | | | | | - + + + + + + - p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 - - front-panel ports + sw1p1 + sw1p3 + sw1p5 + eth1 + + | + | + | + + | | | | | | | + +--+----+----+----+----+----+---+ +-----+-----+ + | Switch driver | | mgmt | + | (this document) | | driver | + | | | | + +--------------+----------------+ +-----------+ + | + kernel | HW bus (eg PCI) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ + hardware | + +--------------+----------------+ + | Switch device (sw1) | + | +----+ +--------+ + | | v offloaded data path | mgmt port + | | | | + +--|----|----+----+----+----+---+ + | | | | | | + + + + + + + + p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 + + front-panel ports Fig 1. diff --git a/Documentation/openrisc/README b/Documentation/openrisc/README new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..777a893d533d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/openrisc/README @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +OpenRISC Linux +============== + +This is a port of Linux to the OpenRISC class of microprocessors; the initial +target architecture, specifically, is the 32-bit OpenRISC 1000 family (or1k). + +For information about OpenRISC processors and ongoing development: + + website http://openrisc.io + email openrisc@lists.librecores.org + +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Build instructions for OpenRISC toolchain and Linux +=================================================== + +In order to build and run Linux for OpenRISC, you'll need at least a basic +toolchain and, perhaps, the architectural simulator. Steps to get these bits +in place are outlined here. + +1) Toolchain + +Toolchain binaries can be obtained from openrisc.io or our github releases page. +Instructions for building the different toolchains can be found on openrisc.io +or Stafford's toolchain build and release scripts. + + binaries https://github.com/openrisc/or1k-gcc/releases + toolchains https://openrisc.io/software + building https://github.com/stffrdhrn/or1k-toolchain-build + +2) Building + +Build the Linux kernel as usual + + make ARCH=openrisc defconfig + make ARCH=openrisc + +3) Running on FPGA (optional) + +The OpenRISC community typically uses FuseSoC to manage building and programming +an SoC into an FPGA. The below is an example of programming a De0 Nano +development board with the OpenRISC SoC. During the build FPGA RTL is code +downloaded from the FuseSoC IP cores repository and built using the FPGA vendor +tools. Binaries are loaded onto the board with openocd. + + git clone https://github.com/olofk/fusesoc + cd fusesoc + sudo pip install -e . + + fusesoc init + fusesoc build de0_nano + fusesoc pgm de0_nano + + openocd -f interface/altera-usb-blaster.cfg \ + -f board/or1k_generic.cfg + + telnet localhost 4444 + > init + > halt; load_image vmlinux ; reset + +4) Running on a Simulator (optional) + +QEMU is a processor emulator which we recommend for simulating the OpenRISC +platform. Please follow the OpenRISC instructions on the QEMU website to get +Linux running on QEMU. You can build QEMU yourself, but your Linux distribution +likely provides binary packages to support OpenRISC. + + qemu openrisc https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms/OpenRISC + +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Terminology +=========== + +In the code, the following particles are used on symbols to limit the scope +to more or less specific processor implementations: + +openrisc: the OpenRISC class of processors +or1k: the OpenRISC 1000 family of processors +or1200: the OpenRISC 1200 processor + +--------------------------------------------------------------------- + +History +======== + +18. 11. 2003 Matjaz Breskvar (phoenix@bsemi.com) + initial port of linux to OpenRISC/or32 architecture. + all the core stuff is implemented and seams usable. + +08. 12. 2003 Matjaz Breskvar (phoenix@bsemi.com) + complete change of TLB miss handling. + rewrite of exceptions handling. + fully functional sash-3.6 in default initrd. + a much improved version with changes all around. + +10. 04. 2004 Matjaz Breskvar (phoenix@bsemi.com) + alot of bugfixes all over. + ethernet support, functional http and telnet servers. + running many standard linux apps. + +26. 06. 2004 Matjaz Breskvar (phoenix@bsemi.com) + port to 2.6.x + +30. 11. 2004 Matjaz Breskvar (phoenix@bsemi.com) + lots of bugfixes and enhancments. + added opencores framebuffer driver. + +09. 10. 2010 Jonas Bonn (jonas@southpole.se) + major rewrite to bring up to par with upstream Linux 2.6.36 diff --git a/Documentation/openrisc/TODO b/Documentation/openrisc/TODO new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c43d4e1d14eb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/openrisc/TODO @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +The OpenRISC Linux port is fully functional and has been tracking upstream +since 2.6.35. There are, however, remaining items to be completed within +the coming months. Here's a list of known-to-be-less-than-stellar items +that are due for investigation shortly, i.e. our TODO list: + +-- Implement the rest of the DMA API... dma_map_sg, etc. + +-- Finish the renaming cleanup... there are references to or32 in the code + which was an older name for the architecture. The name we've settled on is + or1k and this change is slowly trickling through the stack. For the time + being, or32 is equivalent to or1k. + diff --git a/Documentation/pi-futex.txt b/Documentation/pi-futex.txt index aafddbee7377..b154f6c0c36e 100644 --- a/Documentation/pi-futex.txt +++ b/Documentation/pi-futex.txt @@ -119,4 +119,4 @@ properties of futexes, and all four combinations are possible: futex, robust-futex, PI-futex, robust+PI-futex. More details about priority inheritance can be found in -Documentation/rt-mutex.txt. +Documentation/locking/rt-mutex.txt. diff --git a/Documentation/power/interface.txt b/Documentation/power/interface.txt index 974916ff6608..27df7f98668a 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/interface.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/interface.txt @@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ platform. If one of the strings listed in /sys/power/state is written to it, the system will attempt to transition into the corresponding sleep state. Refer to -Documentation/power/states.txt for a description of each of those states. +Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for a description of each of +those states. /sys/power/disk controls the operating mode of hibernation (Suspend-to-Disk). Specifically, it tells the kernel what to do after creating a hibernation image. @@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ The currently selected option is printed in square brackets. The 'platform' option is only available if the platform provides a special mechanism to put the system to sleep after creating a hibernation image (ACPI does that, for example). The 'suspend' option is available if Suspend-to-RAM -is supported. Refer to Documentation/power/basic_pm_debugging.txt for the +is supported. Refer to Documentation/power/basic-pm-debugging.txt for the description of the 'test_resume' option. To select an option, write the string representing it to /sys/power/disk. diff --git a/Documentation/power/pci.txt b/Documentation/power/pci.txt index a1b7f7158930..704cd36079b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pci.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ management. Based on previous work by Patrick Mochel <mochel@transmeta.com> This document only covers the aspects of power management specific to PCI devices. For general description of the kernel's interfaces related to device -power management refer to Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst and +power management refer to Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst and Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ pm->runtime_idle() callback. 2.4. System-Wide Power Transitions ---------------------------------- There are a few different types of system-wide power transitions, described in -Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst. Each of them requires devices to be handled +Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst. Each of them requires devices to be handled in a specific way and the PM core executes subsystem-level power management callbacks for this purpose. They are executed in phases such that each phase involves executing the same subsystem-level callback for every device belonging @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ System restore requires a hibernation image to be loaded into memory and the pre-hibernation memory contents to be restored before the pre-hibernation system activity can be resumed. -As described in Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst, the hibernation image is loaded +As described in Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst, the hibernation image is loaded into memory by a fresh instance of the kernel, called the boot kernel, which in turn is loaded and run by a boot loader in the usual way. After the boot kernel has loaded the image, it needs to replace its own code and data with the code @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ controlling the runtime power management of their devices. At the time of this writing there are two ways to define power management callbacks for a PCI device driver, the recommended one, based on using a -dev_pm_ops structure described in Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst, and the +dev_pm_ops structure described in Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst, and the "legacy" one, in which the .suspend(), .suspend_late(), .resume_early(), and .resume() callbacks from struct pci_driver are used. The legacy approach, however, doesn't allow one to define runtime power management callbacks and is @@ -961,6 +961,39 @@ dev_pm_ops to indicate that one suspend routine is to be pointed to by the .suspend(), .freeze(), and .poweroff() members and one resume routine is to be pointed to by the .resume(), .thaw(), and .restore() members. +3.1.19. Driver Flags for Power Management + +The PM core allows device drivers to set flags that influence the handling of +power management for the devices by the core itself and by middle layer code +including the PCI bus type. The flags should be set once at the driver probe +time with the help of the dev_pm_set_driver_flags() function and they should not +be updated directly afterwards. + +The DPM_FLAG_NEVER_SKIP flag prevents the PM core from using the direct-complete +mechanism allowing device suspend/resume callbacks to be skipped if the device +is in runtime suspend when the system suspend starts. That also affects all of +the ancestors of the device, so this flag should only be used if absolutely +necessary. + +The DPM_FLAG_SMART_PREPARE flag instructs the PCI bus type to only return a +positive value from pci_pm_prepare() if the ->prepare callback provided by the +driver of the device returns a positive value. That allows the driver to opt +out from using the direct-complete mechanism dynamically. + +The DPM_FLAG_SMART_SUSPEND flag tells the PCI bus type that from the driver's +perspective the device can be safely left in runtime suspend during system +suspend. That causes pci_pm_suspend(), pci_pm_freeze() and pci_pm_poweroff() +to skip resuming the device from runtime suspend unless there are PCI-specific +reasons for doing that. Also, it causes pci_pm_suspend_late/noirq(), +pci_pm_freeze_late/noirq() and pci_pm_poweroff_late/noirq() to return early +if the device remains in runtime suspend in the beginning of the "late" phase +of the system-wide transition under way. Moreover, if the device is in +runtime suspend in pci_pm_resume_noirq() or pci_pm_restore_noirq(), its runtime +power management status will be changed to "active" (as it is going to be put +into D0 going forward), but if it is in runtime suspend in pci_pm_thaw_noirq(), +the function will set the power.direct_complete flag for it (to make the PM core +skip the subsequent "thaw" callbacks for it) and return. + 3.2. Device Runtime Power Management ------------------------------------ In addition to providing device power management callbacks PCI device drivers @@ -1046,5 +1079,5 @@ PCI Local Bus Specification, Rev. 3.0 PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification, Rev. 1.2 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Specification, Rev. 3.0b PCI Express Base Specification, Rev. 2.0 -Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst +Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt diff --git a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt index 21d2d48f87a2..19c5f7b1a7ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt @@ -98,8 +98,7 @@ Values are updated in response to changes of the request list. The target values of resume latency and active state latency tolerance are simply the minimum of the request values held in the parameter list elements. The PM QoS flags aggregate value is a gather (bitwise OR) of all list elements' -values. Two device PM QoS flags are defined currently: PM_QOS_FLAG_NO_POWER_OFF -and PM_QOS_FLAG_REMOTE_WAKEUP. +values. One device PM QoS flag is defined currently: PM_QOS_FLAG_NO_POWER_OFF. Note: The aggregated target values are implemented in such a way that reading the aggregated value does not require any locking mechanism. @@ -153,14 +152,14 @@ PM QoS list of resume latency constraints and remove sysfs attribute pm_qos_resume_latency_us from the device's power directory. int dev_pm_qos_expose_flags(device, value) -Add a request to the device's PM QoS list of flags and create sysfs attributes -pm_qos_no_power_off and pm_qos_remote_wakeup under the device's power directory -allowing user space to change these flags' value. +Add a request to the device's PM QoS list of flags and create sysfs attribute +pm_qos_no_power_off under the device's power directory allowing user space to +change the value of the PM_QOS_FLAG_NO_POWER_OFF flag. void dev_pm_qos_hide_flags(device) Drop the request added by dev_pm_qos_expose_flags() from the device's PM QoS list -of flags and remove sysfs attributes pm_qos_no_power_off and pm_qos_remote_wakeup -under the device's power directory. +of flags and remove sysfs attribute pm_qos_no_power_off from the device's power +directory. Notification mechanisms: The per-device PM QoS framework has a per-device notification tree. diff --git a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt index 625549d4c74a..57af2f7963ee 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt @@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ left in runtime suspend. If that happens, the PM core will not execute any system suspend and resume callbacks for all of those devices, except for the complete callback, which is then entirely responsible for handling the device as appropriate. This only applies to system suspend transitions that are not -related to hibernation (see Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst for more +related to hibernation (see Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst for more information). The PM core does its best to reduce the probability of race conditions between diff --git a/Documentation/power/suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt b/Documentation/power/suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt index 2fc909502db5..31abd04b9572 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/suspend-and-cpuhotplug.txt @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ d. Handling microcode update during suspend/hibernate: hibernate/restore cycle.] In the current design of the kernel however, during a CPU offline operation - as part of the suspend/hibernate cycle (the CPU_DEAD_FROZEN notification), + as part of the suspend/hibernate cycle (cpuhp_tasks_frozen is set), the existing copy of microcode image in the kernel is not freed up. And during the CPU online operations (during resume/restore), since the kernel finds that it already has copies of the microcode images for all the @@ -252,10 +252,9 @@ Yes, they are listed below: the _cpu_down() and _cpu_up() functions is *always* 0. This might not reflect the true current state of the system, since the tasks could have been frozen by an out-of-band event such as a suspend - operation in progress. Hence, it will lead to wrong notifications being - sent during the cpu online/offline events (eg, CPU_ONLINE notification - instead of CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN) which in turn will lead to execution of - inappropriate code by the callbacks registered for such CPU hotplug events. + operation in progress. Hence, the cpuhp_tasks_frozen variable will not + reflect the frozen state and the CPU hotplug callbacks which evaluate + that variable might execute the wrong code path. 2. If a regular CPU hotplug stress test happens to race with the freezer due to a suspend operation in progress at the same time, then we could hit the diff --git a/Documentation/process/3.Early-stage.rst b/Documentation/process/3.Early-stage.rst index af2c0af931d6..be00716071d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/3.Early-stage.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/3.Early-stage.rst @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ matter is (1) kernel developers tend to be busy, (2) there is no shortage of people with grand plans and little code (or even prospect of code) to back them up, and (3) nobody is obligated to review or comment on ideas posted by others. Beyond that, high-level designs often hide problems -which are only reviewed when somebody actually tries to implement those +which are only revealed when somebody actually tries to implement those designs; for that reason, kernel developers would rather see the code. If a request-for-comments posting yields little in the way of comments, do diff --git a/Documentation/process/4.Coding.rst b/Documentation/process/4.Coding.rst index 6df19943dd4d..26b106071364 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/4.Coding.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/4.Coding.rst @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ variety of potential coding problems; it can also propose fixes for those problems. Quite a few "semantic patches" for the kernel have been packaged under the scripts/coccinelle directory; running "make coccicheck" will run through those semantic patches and report on any problems found. See -Documentation/coccinelle.txt for more information. +Documentation/dev-tools/coccinelle.rst for more information. Other kinds of portability errors are best found by compiling your code for other architectures. If you do not happen to have an S/390 system or a diff --git a/Documentation/process/index.rst b/Documentation/process/index.rst index 82fc399fcd33..a430f6eee756 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/index.rst @@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ Below are the essential guides that every developer should read. submitting-patches coding-style email-clients + kernel-enforcement-statement + kernel-driver-statement Other guides to the community that are of interest to most developers are: diff --git a/Documentation/process/kernel-driver-statement.rst b/Documentation/process/kernel-driver-statement.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..60d9d868f300 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/process/kernel-driver-statement.rst @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +Kernel Driver Statement +----------------------- + +Position Statement on Linux Kernel Modules +========================================== + + +We, the undersigned Linux kernel developers, consider any closed-source +Linux kernel module or driver to be harmful and undesirable. We have +repeatedly found them to be detrimental to Linux users, businesses, and +the greater Linux ecosystem. Such modules negate the openness, +stability, flexibility, and maintainability of the Linux development +model and shut their users off from the expertise of the Linux +community. Vendors that provide closed-source kernel modules force their +customers to give up key Linux advantages or choose new vendors. +Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the cost savings and +shared support benefits open source has to offer, we urge vendors to +adopt a policy of supporting their customers on Linux with open-source +kernel code. + +We speak only for ourselves, and not for any company we might work for +today, have in the past, or will in the future. + + - Dave Airlie + - Nick Andrew + - Jens Axboe + - Ralf Baechle + - Felipe Balbi + - Ohad Ben-Cohen + - Muli Ben-Yehuda + - Jiri Benc + - Arnd Bergmann + - Thomas Bogendoerfer + - Vitaly Bordug + - James Bottomley + - Josh Boyer + - Neil Brown + - Mark Brown + - David Brownell + - Michael Buesch + - Franck Bui-Huu + - Adrian Bunk + - François Cami + - Ralph Campbell + - Luiz Fernando N. Capitulino + - Mauro Carvalho Chehab + - Denis Cheng + - Jonathan Corbet + - Glauber Costa + - Alan Cox + - Magnus Damm + - Ahmed S. Darwish + - Robert P. J. Day + - Hans de Goede + - Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo + - Helge Deller + - Jean Delvare + - Mathieu Desnoyers + - Sven-Thorsten Dietrich + - Alexey Dobriyan + - Daniel Drake + - Alex Dubov + - Randy Dunlap + - Michael Ellerman + - Pekka Enberg + - Jan Engelhardt + - Mark Fasheh + - J. 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Linville + - Yinghai Lu + - Tony Luck + - Pavel Machek + - Matt Mackall + - Paul Mackerras + - Roland McGrath + - Patrick McHardy + - Kyle McMartin + - Paul Menage + - Thierry Merle + - Eric Miao + - Akinobu Mita + - Ingo Molnar + - James Morris + - Andrew Morton + - Paul Mundt + - Oleg Nesterov + - Luca Olivetti + - S.Çağlar Onur + - Pierre Ossman + - Keith Owens + - Venkatesh Pallipadi + - Nick Piggin + - Nicolas Pitre + - Evgeniy Polyakov + - Richard Purdie + - Mike Rapoport + - Sam Ravnborg + - Gerrit Renker + - Stefan Richter + - David Rientjes + - Luis R. Rodriguez + - Stefan Roese + - Francois Romieu + - Rami Rosen + - Stephen Rothwell + - Maciej W. Rozycki + - Mark Salyzyn + - Yoshinori Sato + - Deepak Saxena + - Holger Schurig + - Amit Shah + - Yoshihiro Shimoda + - Sergei Shtylyov + - Kay Sievers + - Sebastian Siewior + - Rik Snel + - Jes Sorensen + - Alexey Starikovskiy + - Alan Stern + - Timur Tabi + - Hirokazu Takata + - Eliezer Tamir + - Eugene Teo + - Doug Thompson + - FUJITA Tomonori + - Dmitry Torokhov + - Marcelo Tosatti + - Steven Toth + - Theodore Tso + - Matthias Urlichs + - Geert Uytterhoeven + - Arjan van de Ven + - Ivo van Doorn + - Rik van Riel + - Wim Van Sebroeck + - Hans Verkuil + - Horst H. von Brand + - Dmitri Vorobiev + - Anton Vorontsov + - Daniel Walker + - Johannes Weiner + - Harald Welte + - Matthew Wilcox + - Dan J. Williams + - Darrick J. Wong + - David Woodhouse + - Chris Wright + - Bryan Wu + - Rafael J. Wysocki + - Herbert Xu + - Vlad Yasevich + - Peter Zijlstra + - Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz diff --git a/Documentation/process/kernel-enforcement-statement.rst b/Documentation/process/kernel-enforcement-statement.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b3170671a1df --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/process/kernel-enforcement-statement.rst @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +Linux Kernel Enforcement Statement +---------------------------------- + +As developers of the Linux kernel, we have a keen interest in how our software +is used and how the license for our software is enforced. Compliance with the +reciprocal sharing obligations of GPL-2.0 is critical to the long-term +sustainability of our software and community. + +Although there is a right to enforce the separate copyright interests in the +contributions made to our community, we share an interest in ensuring that +individual enforcement actions are conducted in a manner that benefits our +community and do not have an unintended negative impact on the health and +growth of our software ecosystem. In order to deter unhelpful enforcement +actions, we agree that it is in the best interests of our development +community to undertake the following commitment to users of the Linux kernel +on behalf of ourselves and any successors to our copyright interests: + + Notwithstanding the termination provisions of the GPL-2.0, we agree that + it is in the best interests of our development community to adopt the + following provisions of GPL-3.0 as additional permissions under our + license with respect to any non-defensive assertion of rights under the + license. + + However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license + from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, + unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally + terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder + fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to + 60 days after the cessation. + + Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is + reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the + violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have + received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that + copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after + your receipt of the notice. + +Our intent in providing these assurances is to encourage more use of the +software. We want companies and individuals to use, modify and distribute +this software. We want to work with users in an open and transparent way to +eliminate any uncertainty about our expectations regarding compliance or +enforcement that might limit adoption of our software. We view legal action +as a last resort, to be initiated only when other community efforts have +failed to resolve the problem. + +Finally, once a non-compliance issue is resolved, we hope the user will feel +welcome to join us in our efforts on this project. Working together, we will +be stronger. + +Except where noted below, we speak only for ourselves, and not for any company +we might work for today, have in the past, or will in the future. + + - Laura Abbott + - Bjorn Andersson (Linaro) + - Andrea Arcangeli + - Neil Armstrong + - Jens Axboe + - Pablo Neira Ayuso + - Khalid Aziz + - Ralf Baechle + - Felipe Balbi + - Arnd Bergmann + - Ard Biesheuvel + - Tim Bird + - Paolo Bonzini + - Christian Borntraeger + - Mark Brown (Linaro) + - Paul Burton + - Javier Martinez Canillas + - Rob Clark + - Jonathan Corbet + - Dennis Dalessandro + - Vivien Didelot (Savoir-faire Linux) + - Hans de Goede + - Mel Gorman (SUSE) + - Sven Eckelmann + - Alex Elder (Linaro) + - Fabio Estevam + - Larry Finger + - Bhumika Goyal + - Andy Gross + - Juergen Gross + - Shawn Guo + - Ulf Hansson + - Stephen Hemminger (Microsoft) + - Tejun Heo + - Rob Herring + - Masami Hiramatsu + - Michal Hocko + - Simon Horman + - Johan Hovold (Hovold Consulting AB) + - Christophe JAILLET + - Olof Johansson + - Lee Jones (Linaro) + - Heiner Kallweit + - Srinivas Kandagatla + - Jan Kara + - Shuah Khan (Samsung) + - David Kershner + - Jaegeuk Kim + - Namhyung Kim + - Colin Ian King + - Jeff Kirsher + - Greg Kroah-Hartman (Linux Foundation) + - Christian König + - Vinod Koul + - Krzysztof Kozlowski + - Viresh Kumar + - Aneesh Kumar K.V + - Julia Lawall + - Doug Ledford + - Chuck Lever (Oracle) + - Daniel Lezcano + - Shaohua Li + - Xin Long + - Tony Luck + - Catalin Marinas (Arm Ltd) + - Mike Marshall + - Chris Mason + - Paul E. McKenney + - David S. Miller + - Ingo Molnar + - Kuninori Morimoto + - Trond Myklebust + - Martin K. Petersen (Oracle) + - Borislav Petkov + - Jiri Pirko + - Josh Poimboeuf + - Sebastian Reichel (Collabora) + - Guenter Roeck + - Joerg Roedel + - Leon Romanovsky + - Steven Rostedt (VMware) + - Frank Rowand + - Ivan Safonov + - Anna Schumaker + - Jes Sorensen + - K.Y. Srinivasan + - Heiko Stuebner + - Jiri Kosina (SUSE) + - Willy Tarreau + - Dmitry Torokhov + - Linus Torvalds + - Thierry Reding + - Rik van Riel + - Geert Uytterhoeven (Glider bvba) + - Eduardo Valentin (Amazon.com) + - Daniel Vetter + - Linus Walleij + - Richard Weinberger + - Dan Williams + - Rafael J. Wysocki + - Arvind Yadav + - Masahiro Yamada + - Wei Yongjun + - Lv Zheng + - Marc Zyngier (Arm Ltd) diff --git a/Documentation/process/submitting-drivers.rst b/Documentation/process/submitting-drivers.rst index afb82ee0cbea..b38bf2054ce3 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/submitting-drivers.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/submitting-drivers.rst @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ PM support: anything. For the driver testing instructions see Documentation/power/drivers-testing.txt and for a relatively complete overview of the power management issues related to - drivers see Documentation/power/admin-guide/devices.rst . + drivers see Documentation/driver-api/pm/devices.rst. Control: In general if there is active maintenance of a driver by diff --git a/Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst b/Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst index 733478ade91b..1ef19d3a3eee 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst @@ -621,14 +621,14 @@ The canonical patch subject line is:: The canonical patch message body contains the following: - - A ``from`` line specifying the patch author (only needed if the person - sending the patch is not the author). - - - An empty line. + - A ``from`` line specifying the patch author, followed by an empty + line (only needed if the person sending the patch is not the author). - The body of the explanation, line wrapped at 75 columns, which will be copied to the permanent changelog to describe this patch. + - An empty line. + - The ``Signed-off-by:`` lines, described above, which will also go in the changelog. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-parameters.txt b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-parameters.txt index 8477655c0e46..453d4b79c78d 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/scsi-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/scsi-parameters.txt @@ -50,10 +50,11 @@ parameters may be changed at runtime by the command mac5380= [HW,SCSI] See drivers/scsi/mac_scsi.c. - max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe. + scsi_mod.max_luns= + [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe. Should be between 1 and 2^32-1. - max_report_luns= + scsi_mod.max_report_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received. Should be between 1 and 16384. @@ -80,15 +81,17 @@ parameters may be changed at runtime by the command scsi_debug_*= [SCSI] See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c. - scsi_default_dev_flags= + scsi_mod.default_dev_flags= [SCSI] SCSI default device flags Format: <integer> - scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model + scsi_mod.dev_flags= + [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags> (flags are integer value) - scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels + scsi_mod.scsi_logging_level= + [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level). diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/smartpqi.txt b/Documentation/scsi/smartpqi.txt index ab377d9e5d1b..201f80c7c050 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/smartpqi.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/smartpqi.txt @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ http://www.t10.org/members/w_pqi2.htm Supported devices: ------------------ -<Controller names to be added as they become publically available.> +<Controller names to be added as they become publicly available.> smartpqi specific entries in /sys ----------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/security/LSM.rst b/Documentation/security/LSM.rst index d75778b0fa10..98522e0e1ee2 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/LSM.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/LSM.rst @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Linux Security Module Development Based on https://lkml.org/lkml/2007/10/26/215, a new LSM is accepted into the kernel when its intent (a description of what it tries to protect against and in what cases one would expect to -use it) has been appropriately documented in ``Documentation/security/LSM``. +use it) has been appropriately documented in ``Documentation/security/LSM.rst``. This allows an LSM's code to be easily compared to its goals, and so that end users and distros can make a more informed decision about which LSMs suit their requirements. diff --git a/Documentation/security/credentials.rst b/Documentation/security/credentials.rst index 038a7e19eff9..66a2e24939d8 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/credentials.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/credentials.rst @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ The Linux kernel supports the following types of credentials: When a process accesses a key, if not already present, it will normally be cached on one of these keyrings for future accesses to find. - For more information on using keys, see Documentation/security/keys.txt. + For more information on using keys, see ``Documentation/security/keys/*``. 5. LSM diff --git a/Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst b/Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst index b2d16abaa9e9..21e27238cec6 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Key Request Service =================== The key request service is part of the key retention service (refer to -Documentation/security/core.rst). This document explains more fully how +Documentation/security/keys/core.rst). This document explains more fully how the requesting algorithm works. The process starts by either the kernel requesting a service by calling diff --git a/Documentation/sound/cards/joystick.rst b/Documentation/sound/cards/joystick.rst index a6e468c81d02..488946fc1079 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/cards/joystick.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/cards/joystick.rst @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ General First of all, you need to enable GAMEPORT support on Linux kernel for using a joystick with the ALSA driver. For the details of gameport -support, refer to Documentation/input/joystick.txt. +support, refer to Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst. The joystick support of ALSA drivers is different between ISA and PCI cards. In the case of ISA (PnP) cards, it's usually handled by the diff --git a/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst b/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst index 773d2bfacc6c..1fee5a4f6660 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst @@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ tpt460 Lenovo Thinkpad T460/560 setup dual-codecs Lenovo laptops with dual codecs +alc700-ref + Intel reference board with ALC700 codec ALC66x/67x/892 ============== diff --git a/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/notes.rst b/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/notes.rst index f59c3cdbfaf4..9f7347830ba4 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/notes.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/hd-audio/notes.rst @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ preset model instead of PCI (and codec-) SSID look-up. What ``model`` option values are available depends on the codec chip. Check your codec chip from the codec proc file (see "Codec Proc-File" section below). It will show the vendor/product name of your codec -chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/HD-Audio-Models.rst file, +chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst file, the section of HD-audio driver. You can find a list of codecs and ``model`` options belonging to each codec. For example, for Realtek ALC262 codec chip, pass ``model=ultra`` for devices that are compatible diff --git a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst index 58ffa3f5bda7..a0b268466cb1 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst +++ b/Documentation/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.rst @@ -2498,7 +2498,7 @@ Mic boost Mic-boost switch is set as “Mic Boost” or “Mic Boost (6dB)”. More precise information can be found in -``Documentation/sound/alsa/ControlNames.txt``. +``Documentation/sound/designs/control-names.rst``. Access Flags ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/ALS b/Documentation/sound/oss/ALS deleted file mode 100644 index bf10bed4574b..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/ALS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -ALS-007/ALS-100/ALS-200 based sound cards -========================================= - -Support for sound cards based around the Avance Logic -ALS-007/ALS-100/ALS-200 chip is included. These chips are a single -chip PnP sound solution which is mostly hardware compatible with the -Sound Blaster 16 card, with most differences occurring in the use of -the mixer registers. For this reason the ALS code is integrated -as part of the Sound Blaster 16 driver (adding only 800 bytes to the -SB16 driver). - -To use an ALS sound card under Linux, enable the following options as -modules in the sound configuration section of the kernel config: - - 100% Sound Blaster compatibles (SB16/32/64, ESS, Jazz16) support - - FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support - - standalone MPU401 support may be required for some cards; for the - ALS-007, when using isapnptools, it is required -Since the ALS-007/100/200 are PnP cards, ISAPnP support should probably be -compiled in. If kernel level PnP support is not included, isapnptools will -be required to configure the card before the sound modules are loaded. - -When using kernel level ISAPnP, the kernel should correctly identify and -configure all resources required by the card when the "sb" module is -inserted. Note that the ALS-007 does not have a 16 bit DMA channel and that -the MPU401 interface on this card uses a different interrupt to the audio -section. This should all be correctly configured by the kernel; if problems -with the MPU401 interface surface, try using the standalone MPU401 module, -passing "0" as the "sb" module's "mpu_io" module parameter to prevent the -soundblaster driver attempting to register the MPU401 itself. The onboard -synth device can be accessed using the "opl3" module. - -If isapnptools is used to wake up the sound card (as in 2.2.x), the settings -of the card's resources should be passed to the kernel modules ("sb", "opl3" -and "mpu401") using the module parameters. When configuring an ALS-007, be -sure to specify different IRQs for the audio and MPU401 sections - this card -requires they be different. For "sb", "io", "irq" and "dma" should be set -to the same values used to configure the audio section of the card with -isapnp. "dma16" should be explicitly set to "-1" for an ALS-007 since this -card does not have a 16 bit dma channel; if not specified the kernel will -default to using channel 5 anyway which will cause audio not to work. -"mpu_io" should be set to 0. The "io" parameter of the "opl3" module should -also agree with the setting used by isapnp. To get the MPU401 interface -working on an ALS-007 card, the "mpu401" module will be required since this -card uses separate IRQs for the audio and MPU401 sections and there is no -parameter available to pass a different IRQ to the "sb" driver (whose -inbuilt MPU401 driver would otherwise be fine). Insert the mpu401 module -passing appropriate values using the "io" and "irq" parameters. - -The resulting sound driver will provide the following capabilities: - - 8 and 16 bit audio playback - - 8 and 16 bit audio recording - - Software selection of record source (line in, CD, FM, mic, master) - - Record and playback of midi data via the external MPU-401 - - Playback of midi data using inbuilt FM synthesizer - - Control of the ALS-007 mixer via any OSS-compatible mixer programs. - Controls available are Master (L&R), Line in (L&R), CD (L&R), - DSP/PCM/audio out (L&R), FM (L&R) and Mic in (mono). - -Jonathan Woithe -jwoithe@just42.net -30 March 1998 - -Modified 2000-02-26 by Dave Forrest, drf5n@virginia.edu to add ALS100/ALS200 -Modified 2000-04-10 by Paul Laufer, pelaufer@csupomona.edu to add ISAPnP info. -Modified 2000-11-19 by Jonathan Woithe, jwoithe@just42.net - - updated information for kernel 2.4.x. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/AudioExcelDSP16 b/Documentation/sound/oss/AudioExcelDSP16 deleted file mode 100644 index ea8549faede9..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/AudioExcelDSP16 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -Driver ------- - -Information about Audio Excel DSP 16 driver can be found in the source -file aedsp16.c -Please, read the head of the source before using it. It contain useful -information. - -Configuration -------------- - -The Audio Excel configuration, is now done with the standard Linux setup. -You have to configure the sound card (Sound Blaster or Microsoft Sound System) -and, if you want it, the Roland MPU-401 (do not use the Sound Blaster MPU-401, -SB-MPU401) in the main driver menu. Activate the lowlevel drivers then select -the Audio Excel hardware that you want to initialize. Check the IRQ/DMA/MIRQ -of the Audio Excel initialization: it must be the same as the SBPRO (or MSS) -setup. If the parameters are different, correct it. -I you own a Gallant's audio card based on SC-6600, activate the SC-6600 support. -If you want to change the configuration of the sound board, be sure to -check off all the configuration items before re-configure it. - -Module parameters ------------------ -To use this driver as a module, you must configure some module parameters, to -set up I/O addresses, IRQ lines and DMA channels. Some parameters are -mandatory while some others are optional. Here a list of parameters you can -use with this module: - -Name Description -==== =========== -MANDATORY -io I/O base address (0x220 or 0x240) -irq irq line (5, 7, 9, 10 or 11) -dma dma channel (0, 1 or 3) - -OPTIONAL -mss_base I/O base address for activate MSS mode (default SBPRO) - (0x530 or 0xE80) -mpu_base I/O base address for activate MPU-401 mode - (0x300, 0x310, 0x320 or 0x330) -mpu_irq MPU-401 irq line (5, 7, 9, 10 or 0) - -A configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/ directory will have lines like this: - -options opl3 io=0x388 -options ad1848 io=0x530 irq=11 dma=3 -options aedsp16 io=0x220 irq=11 dma=3 mss_base=0x530 - -Where the aedsp16 options are the options for this driver while opl3 and -ad1848 are the corresponding options for the MSS and OPL3 modules. - -Loading MSS and OPL3 needs to pre load the aedsp16 module to set up correctly -the sound card. Installation dependencies must be written in configuration -files under /etc/modprobe.d/ directory: - -softdep ad1848 pre: aedsp16 -softdep opl3 pre: aedsp16 - -Then you must load the sound modules stack in this order: -sound -> aedsp16 -> [ ad1848, opl3 ] - -With the above configuration, loading ad1848 or opl3 modules, will -automatically load all the sound stack. - -Sound cards supported ---------------------- -This driver supports the SC-6000 and SC-6600 based Gallant's sound card. -It don't support the Audio Excel DSP 16 III (try the SC-6600 code). -I'm working on the III version of the card: if someone have useful -information about it, please let me know. -For all the non-supported audio cards, you have to boot MS-DOS (or WIN95) -activating the audio card with the MS-DOS device driver, then you have to -<ctrl>-<alt>-<del> and boot Linux. -Follow these steps: - -1) Compile Linux kernel with standard sound driver, using the emulation - you want, with the parameters of your audio card, - e.g. Microsoft Sound System irq10 dma3 -2) Install your new kernel as the default boot kernel. -3) Boot MS-DOS and configure the audio card with the boot time device - driver, for MSS irq10 dma3 in our example. -4) <ctrl>-<alt>-<del> and boot Linux. This will maintain the DOS configuration - and will boot the new kernel with sound driver. The sound driver will find - the audio card and will recognize and attach it. - -Reports on User successes -------------------------- - -> Date: Mon, 29 Jul 1996 08:35:40 +0100 -> From: Mr S J Greenaway <sjg95@unixfe.rl.ac.uk> -> To: riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it (Riccardo Facchetti) -> Subject: Re: Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization code -> -> Just to let you know got my Audio Excel (emulating a MSS) working -> with my original SB16, thanks for the driver! - - -Last revised: 20 August 1998 -Riccardo Facchetti -fizban@tin.it diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/CMI8330 b/Documentation/sound/oss/CMI8330 deleted file mode 100644 index 8a5fd1611c6f..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/CMI8330 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,152 +0,0 @@ -Documentation for CMI 8330 (SoundPRO) -------------------------------------- -Alessandro Zummo <azummo@ita.flashnet.it> - -( Be sure to read Documentation/sound/oss/SoundPro too ) - - -This adapter is now directly supported by the sb driver. - - The only thing you have to do is to compile the kernel sound -support as a module and to enable kernel ISAPnP support, -as shown below. - - -CONFIG_SOUND=m -CONFIG_SOUND_SB=m - -CONFIG_PNP=y -CONFIG_ISAPNP=y - - -and optionally: - - -CONFIG_SOUND_MPU401=m - - for MPU401 support. - - -(I suggest you to use "make menuconfig" or "make xconfig" - for a more comfortable configuration editing) - - - -Then you can do - - modprobe sb - -and everything will be (hopefully) configured. - -You should get something similar in syslog: - -sb: CMI8330 detected. -sb: CMI8330 sb base located at 0x220 -sb: CMI8330 mpu base located at 0x330 -sb: CMI8330 mail reports to Alessandro Zummo <azummo@ita.flashnet.it> -sb: ISAPnP reports CMI 8330 SoundPRO at i/o 0x220, irq 7, dma 1,5 - - - - -The old documentation file follows for reference -purposes. - - -How to enable CMI 8330 (SOUNDPRO) soundchip on Linux ------------------------------------------- -Stefan Laudat <Stefan.Laudat@asit.ro> - -[Note: The CMI 8338 is unrelated and is supported by cmpci.o] - - - In order to use CMI8330 under Linux you just have to use a proper isapnp.conf, a good isapnp and a little bit of patience. I use isapnp 1.17, but -you may get a better one I guess at http://www.roestock.demon.co.uk/isapnptools/. - - Of course you will have to compile kernel sound support as module, as shown below: - -CONFIG_SOUND=m -CONFIG_SOUND_OSS=m -CONFIG_SOUND_SB=m -CONFIG_SOUND_ADLIB=m -CONFIG_SOUND_MPU401=m -# Mikro$chaft sound system (kinda useful here ;)) -CONFIG_SOUND_MSS=m - - The /etc/isapnp.conf file will be: - -<snip below> - - -(READPORT 0x0203) -(ISOLATE PRESERVE) -(IDENTIFY *) -(VERBOSITY 2) -(CONFLICT (IO FATAL)(IRQ FATAL)(DMA FATAL)(MEM FATAL)) # or WARNING -(VERIFYLD N) - - -# WSS - -(CONFIGURE CMI0001/16777472 (LD 0 -(IO 0 (SIZE 8) (BASE 0x0530)) -(IO 1 (SIZE 8) (BASE 0x0388)) -(INT 0 (IRQ 7 (MODE +E))) -(DMA 0 (CHANNEL 0)) -(NAME "CMI0001/16777472[0]{CMI8330/C3D Audio Adapter}") -(ACT Y) -)) - -# MPU - -(CONFIGURE CMI0001/16777472 (LD 1 -(IO 0 (SIZE 2) (BASE 0x0330)) -(INT 0 (IRQ 11 (MODE +E))) -(NAME "CMI0001/16777472[1]{CMI8330/C3D Audio Adapter}") -(ACT Y) -)) - -# Joystick - -(CONFIGURE CMI0001/16777472 (LD 2 -(IO 0 (SIZE 8) (BASE 0x0200)) -(NAME "CMI0001/16777472[2]{CMI8330/C3D Audio Adapter}") -(ACT Y) -)) - -# SoundBlaster - -(CONFIGURE CMI0001/16777472 (LD 3 -(IO 0 (SIZE 16) (BASE 0x0220)) -(INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E))) -(DMA 0 (CHANNEL 1)) -(DMA 1 (CHANNEL 5)) -(NAME "CMI0001/16777472[3]{CMI8330/C3D Audio Adapter}") -(ACT Y) -)) - - -(WAITFORKEY) - -<end of snip> - - The module sequence is trivial: - -/sbin/insmod soundcore -/sbin/insmod sound -/sbin/insmod uart401 -# insert this first -/sbin/insmod ad1848 io=0x530 irq=7 dma=0 soundpro=1 -# The sb module is an alternative to the ad1848 (Microsoft Sound System) -# Anyhow, this is full duplex and has MIDI -/sbin/insmod sb io=0x220 dma=1 dma16=5 irq=5 mpu_io=0x330 - - - -Alma Chao <elysian@ethereal.torsion.org> suggests the following in -a /etc/modprobe.d/*conf file: - -alias sound ad1848 -alias synth0 opl3 -options ad1848 io=0x530 irq=7 dma=0 soundpro=1 -options opl3 io=0x388 diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS b/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS deleted file mode 100644 index bba93b4d2def..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -Documentation for the ESS AudioDrive chips - -In 2.4 kernels the SoundBlaster driver not only tries to detect an ESS chip, it -tries to detect the type of ESS chip too. The correct detection of the chip -doesn't always succeed however, so unless you use the kernel isapnp facilities -(and you chip is pnp capable) the default behaviour is 2.0 behaviour which -means: only detect ES688 and ES1688. - -All ESS chips now have a recording level setting. This is a need-to-have for -people who want to use their ESS for recording sound. - -Every chip that's detected as a later-than-es1688 chip has a 6 bits logarithmic -master volume control. - -Every chip that's detected as a ES1887 now has Full Duplex support. Made a -little testprogram that shows that is works, haven't seen a real program that -needs this however. - -For ESS chips an additional parameter "esstype" can be specified. This controls -the (auto) detection of the ESS chips. It can have 3 kinds of values: - --1 Act like 2.0 kernels: only detect ES688 or ES1688. -0 Try to auto-detect the chip (may fail for ES1688) -688 The chip will be treated as ES688 -1688 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1688 -1868 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1868 -1869 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1869 -1788 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1788 -1887 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1887 -1888 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ES1888 - -Because Full Duplex is supported for ES1887 you can specify a second DMA -channel by specifying module parameter dma16. It can be one of: 0, 1, 3 or 5. - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS1868 b/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS1868 deleted file mode 100644 index 55e922f21bc0..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/ESS1868 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -Documentation for the ESS1868F AudioDrive PnP sound card - -The ESS1868 sound card is a PnP ESS1688-compatible 16-bit sound card. - -It should be automatically detected by the Linux Kernel isapnp support when you -load the sb.o module. Otherwise you should take care of: - - * The ESS1868 does not allow use of a 16-bit DMA, thus DMA 0, 1, 2, and 3 - may only be used. - - * isapnptools version 1.14 does work with ESS1868. Earlier versions might - not. - - * Sound support MUST be compiled as MODULES, not statically linked - into the kernel. - - -NOTE: this is only needed when not using the kernel isapnp support! - -For configuring the sound card's I/O addresses, IRQ and DMA, here is a -sample copy of the isapnp.conf directives regarding the ESS1868: - -(CONFIGURE ESS1868/-1 (LD 1 -(IO 0 (BASE 0x0220)) -(IO 1 (BASE 0x0388)) -(IO 2 (BASE 0x0330)) -(DMA 0 (CHANNEL 1)) -(INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E))) -(ACT Y) -)) - -(for a full working isapnp.conf file, remember the -(ISOLATE) -(IDENTIFY *) -at the beginning and the -(WAITFORKEY) -at the end.) - -In this setup, the main card I/O is 0x0220, FM synthesizer is 0x0388, and -the MPU-401 MIDI port is located at 0x0330. IRQ is IRQ 5, DMA is channel 1. - -After configuring the sound card via isapnp, to use the card you must load -the sound modules with the proper I/O information. Here is my setup: - -# ESS1868F AudioDrive initialization - -/sbin/modprobe sound -/sbin/insmod uart401 -/sbin/insmod sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=-1 -/sbin/insmod mpu401 io=0x330 -/sbin/insmod opl3 io=0x388 -/sbin/insmod v_midi - -opl3 is the FM synthesizer -/sbin/insmod opl3 io=0x388 diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction b/Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction deleted file mode 100644 index 42da2d8fa372..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction +++ /dev/null @@ -1,459 +0,0 @@ -Introduction Notes on Modular Sound Drivers and Soundcore -Wade Hampton -2/14/2001 - -Purpose: -======== -This document provides some general notes on the modular -sound drivers and their configuration, along with the -support modules sound.o and soundcore.o. - -Note, some of this probably should be added to the Sound-HOWTO! - -Note, soundlow.o was present with 2.2 kernels but is not -required for 2.4.x kernels. References have been removed -to this. - - -Copying: -======== -none - - -History: -======== -0.1.0 11/20/1998 First version, draft -1.0.0 11/1998 Alan Cox changes, incorporation in 2.2.0 - as Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction -1.1.0 6/30/1999 Second version, added notes on making the drivers, - added info on multiple sound cards of similar types,] - added more diagnostics info, added info about esd. - added info on OSS and ALSA. -1.1.1 19991031 Added notes on sound-slot- and sound-service. - (Alan Cox) -1.1.2 20000920 Modified for Kernel 2.4 (Christoph Hellwig) -1.1.3 20010214 Minor notes and corrections (Wade Hampton) - Added examples of sound-slot-0, etc. - - -Modular Sound Drivers: -====================== - -Thanks to the GREAT work by Alan Cox (alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk), - -[And Oleg Drokin, Thomas Sailer, Andrew Veliath and more than a few - others - not to mention Hannu's original code being designed well - enough to cope with that kind of chopping up](Alan) - -the standard Linux kernels support a modular sound driver. From -Alan's comments in linux/drivers/sound/README.FIRST: - - The modular sound driver patches were funded by Red Hat Software - (www.redhat.com). The sound driver here is thus a modified version of - Hannu's code. Please bear that in mind when considering the appropriate - forums for bug reporting. - -The modular sound drivers may be loaded via insmod or modprobe. -To support all the various sound modules, there are two general -support modules that must be loaded first: - - soundcore.o: Top level handler for the sound system, provides - a set of functions for registration of devices - by type. - - sound.o: Common sound functions required by all modules. - -For the specific sound modules (e.g., sb.o for the Soundblaster), -read the documentation on that module to determine what options -are available, for example IRQ, address, DMA. - -Warning, the options for different cards sometime use different names -for the same or a similar feature (dma1= versus dma16=). As a last -resort, inspect the code (search for module_param). - -Notes: - -1. There is a new OpenSource sound driver called ALSA which is - currently under development: http://www.alsa-project.org/ - The ALSA drivers support some newer hardware that may not - be supported by this sound driver and also provide some - additional features. - -2. The commercial OSS driver may be obtained from the site: - http://www.opensound.com. This may be used for cards that - are unsupported by the kernel driver, or may be used - by other operating systems. - -3. The enlightenment sound daemon may be used for playing - multiple sounds at the same time via a single card, eliminating - some of the requirements for multiple sound card systems. For - more information, see: http://www.tux.org/~ricdude/EsounD.html - The "esd" program may be used with the real-player and mpeg - players like mpg123 and x11amp. The newer real-player - and some games even include built-in support for ESD! - - -Building the Modules: -===================== - -This document does not provide full details on building the -kernel, etc. The notes below apply only to making the kernel -sound modules. If this conflicts with the kernel's README, -the README takes precedence. - -1. To make the kernel sound modules, cd to your /usr/src/linux - directory (typically) and type make config, make menuconfig, - or make xconfig (to start the command line, dialog, or x-based - configuration tool). - -2. Select the Sound option and a dialog will be displayed. - -3. Select M (module) for "Sound card support". - -4. Select your sound driver(s) as a module. For ProAudio, Sound - Blaster, etc., select M (module) for OSS sound modules. - [thanks to Marvin Stodolsky <stodolsk@erols.com>]A - -5. Make the kernel (e.g., make bzImage), and install the kernel. - -6. Make the modules and install them (make modules; make modules_install). - -Note, for 2.5.x kernels, make sure you have the newer module-init-tools -installed or modules will not be loaded properly. 2.5.x requires an -updated module-init-tools. - - -Plug and Play (PnP: -=================== - -If the sound card is an ISA PnP card, isapnp may be used -to configure the card. See the file isapnp.txt in the -directory one level up (e.g., /usr/src/linux/Documentation). - -Also the 2.4.x kernels provide PnP capabilities, see the -file NEWS in this directory. - -PCI sound cards are highly recommended, as they are far -easier to configure and from what I have read, they use -less resources and are more CPU efficient. - - -INSMOD: -======= - -If loading via insmod, the common modules must be loaded in the -order below BEFORE loading the other sound modules. The card-specific -modules may then be loaded (most require parameters). For example, -I use the following via a shell script to load my SoundBlaster: - -SB_BASE=0x240 -SB_IRQ=9 -SB_DMA=3 -SB_DMA2=5 -SB_MPU=0x300 -# -echo Starting sound -/sbin/insmod soundcore -/sbin/insmod sound -# -echo Starting sound blaster.... -/sbin/insmod uart401 -/sbin/insmod sb io=$SB_BASE irq=$SB_IRQ dma=$SB_DMA dma16=$SB_DMA2 mpu_io=$SB_MP - -When using sound as a module, I typically put these commands -in a file such as /root/soundon.sh. - - -MODPROBE: -========= - -If loading via modprobe, these common files are automatically loaded when -requested by modprobe. For example, my /etc/modprobe.d/oss.conf contains: - -alias sound sb -options sb io=0x240 irq=9 dma=3 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x300 - -All you need to do to load the module is: - - /sbin/modprobe sb - - -Sound Status: -============= - -The status of sound may be read/checked by: - cat (anyfile).au >/dev/audio - -[WWH: This may not work properly for SoundBlaster PCI 128 cards -such as the es1370/1 (see the es1370/1 files in this directory) -as they do not automatically support uLaw on /dev/audio.] - -The status of the modules and which modules depend on -which other modules may be checked by: - /sbin/lsmod - -/sbin/lsmod should show something like the following: - sb 26280 0 - uart401 5640 0 [sb] - sound 57112 0 [sb uart401] - soundcore 1968 8 [sb sound] - - -Removing Sound: -=============== - -Sound may be removed by using /sbin/rmmod in the reverse order -in which you load the modules. Note, if a program has a sound device -open (e.g., xmixer), that module (and the modules on which it -depends) may not be unloaded. - -For example, I use the following to remove my Soundblaster (rmmod -in the reverse order in which I loaded the modules): - -/sbin/rmmod sb -/sbin/rmmod uart401 -/sbin/rmmod sound -/sbin/rmmod soundcore - -When using sound as a module, I typically put these commands -in a script such as /root/soundoff.sh. - - -Removing Sound for use with OSS: -================================ - -If you get really stuck or have a card that the kernel modules -will not support, you can get a commercial sound driver from -http://www.opensound.com. Before loading the commercial sound -driver, you should do the following: - -1. remove sound modules (detailed above) -2. remove the sound modules from /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf -3. move the sound modules from /lib/modules/<kernel>/misc - (for example, I make a /lib/modules/<kernel>/misc/tmp - directory and copy the sound module files to that - directory). - - -Multiple Sound Cards: -===================== - -The sound drivers will support multiple sound cards and there -are some great applications like multitrack that support them. -Typically, you need two sound cards of different types. Note, this -uses more precious interrupts and DMA channels and sometimes -can be a configuration nightmare. I have heard reports of 3-4 -sound cards (typically I only use 2). You can sometimes use -multiple PCI sound cards of the same type. - -On my machine I have two sound cards (cs4232 and Soundblaster Vibra -16). By loading sound as modules, I can control which is the first -sound device (/dev/dsp, /dev/audio, /dev/mixer) and which is -the second. Normally, the cs4232 (Dell sound on the motherboard) -would be the first sound device, but I prefer the Soundblaster. -All you have to do is to load the one you want as /dev/dsp -first (in my case "sb") and then load the other one -(in my case "cs4232"). - -If you have two cards of the same type that are jumpered -cards or different PnP revisions, you may load the same -module twice. For example, I have a SoundBlaster vibra 16 -and an older SoundBlaster 16 (jumpers). To load the module -twice, you need to do the following: - -1. Copy the sound modules to a new name. For example - sb.o could be copied (or symlinked) to sb1.o for the - second SoundBlaster. - -2. Make a second entry in /etc/modprobe.d/*conf, for example, - sound1 or sb1. This second entry should refer to the - new module names for example sb1, and should include - the I/O, etc. for the second sound card. - -3. Update your soundon.sh script, etc. - -Warning: I have never been able to get two PnP sound cards of the -same type to load at the same time. I have tried this several times -with the Soundblaster Vibra 16 cards. OSS has indicated that this -is a PnP problem.... If anyone has any luck doing this, please -send me an E-MAIL. PCI sound cards should not have this problem.a -Since this was originally release, I have received a couple of -mails from people who have accomplished this! - -NOTE: In Linux 2.4 the Sound Blaster driver (and only this one yet) -supports multiple cards with one module by default. -Read the file 'Soundblaster' in this directory for details. - - -Sound Problems: -=============== - -First RTFM (including the troubleshooting section -in the Sound-HOWTO). - -1) If you are having problems loading the modules (for - example, if you get device conflict errors) try the - following: - - A) If you have Win95 or NT on the same computer, - write down what addresses, IRQ, and DMA channels - those were using for the same hardware. You probably - can use these addresses, IRQs, and DMA channels. - You should really do this BEFORE attempting to get - sound working! - - B) Check (cat) /proc/interrupts, /proc/ioports, - and /proc/dma. Are you trying to use an address, - IRQ or DMA port that another device is using? - - C) Check (cat) /proc/isapnp - - D) Inspect your /var/log/messages file. Often that will - indicate what IRQ or IO port could not be obtained. - - E) Try another port or IRQ. Note this may involve - using the PnP tools to move the sound card to - another location. Sometimes this is the only way - and it is more or less trial and error. - -2) If you get motor-boating (the same sound or part of a - sound clip repeated), you probably have either an IRQ - or DMA conflict. Move the card to another IRQ or DMA - port. This has happened to me when playing long files - when I had an IRQ conflict. - -3. If you get dropouts or pauses when playing high sample - rate files such as using mpg123 or x11amp/xmms, you may - have too slow of a CPU and may have to use the options to - play the files at 1/2 speed. For example, you may use - the -2 or -4 option on mpg123. You may also get this - when trying to play mpeg files stored on a CD-ROM - (my Toshiba T8000 PII/366 sometimes has this problem). - -4. If you get "cannot access device" errors, your /dev/dsp - files, etc. may be set to owner root, mode 600. You - may have to use the command: - chmod 666 /dev/dsp /dev/mixer /dev/audio - -5. If you get "device busy" errors, another program has the - sound device open. For example, if using the Enlightenment - sound daemon "esd", the "esd" program has the sound device. - If using "esd", please RTFM the docs on ESD. For example, - esddsp <program> may be used to play files via a non-esd - aware program. - -6) Ask for help on the sound list or send E-MAIL to the - sound driver author/maintainer. - -7) Turn on debug in drivers/sound/sound_config.h (DEB, DDB, MDB). - -8) If the system reports insufficient DMA memory then you may want to - load sound with the "dmabufs=1" option. Or in /etc/conf.modules add - - preinstall sound dmabufs=1 - - This makes the sound system allocate its buffers and hang onto them. - - You may also set persistent DMA when building a 2.4.x kernel. - - -Configuring Sound: -================== - -There are several ways of configuring your sound: - -1) On the kernel command line (when using the sound driver(s) - compiled in the kernel). Check the driver source and - documentation for details. - -2) On the command line when using insmod or in a bash script - using command line calls to load sound. - -3) In /etc/modprobe.d/*conf when using modprobe. - -4) Via Red Hat's GPL'd /usr/sbin/sndconfig program (text based). - -5) Via the OSS soundconf program (with the commercial version - of the OSS driver. - -6) By just loading the module and let isapnp do everything relevant - for you. This works only with a few drivers yet and - of course - - only with isapnp hardware. - -And I am sure, several other ways. - -Anyone want to write a linuxconf module for configuring sound? - - -Module Loading: -=============== - -When a sound card is first referenced and sound is modular, the sound system -will ask for the sound devices to be loaded. Initially it requests that -the driver for the sound system is loaded. It then will ask for -sound-slot-0, where 0 is the first sound card. (sound-slot-1 the second and -so on). Thus you can do - -alias sound-slot-0 sb - -To load a soundblaster at this point. If the slot loading does not provide -the desired device - for example a soundblaster does not directly provide -a midi synth in all cases then it will request "sound-service-0-n" where n -is - - 0 Mixer - - 2 MIDI - - 3, 4 DSP audio - - -For example, I use the following to load my Soundblaster PCI 128 -(ES 1371) card first, followed by my SoundBlaster Vibra 16 card, -then by my TV card: - -# Load the Soundblaster PCI 128 as /dev/dsp, /dev/dsp1, /dev/mixer -alias sound-slot-0 es1371 - -# Load the Soundblaster Vibra 16 as /dev/dsp2, /dev/mixer1 -alias sound-slot-1 sb -options sb io=0x240 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330 - -# Load the BTTV (TV card) as /dev/mixer2 -alias sound-slot-2 bttv -alias sound-service-2-0 tvmixer - -pre-install bttv modprobe tuner ; modprobe tvmixer -pre-install tvmixer modprobe msp3400; modprobe tvaudio -options tuner debug=0 type=8 -options bttv card=0 radio=0 pll=0 - - -For More Information (RTFM): -============================ -1) Information on kernel modules: manual pages for insmod and modprobe. - -2) Information on PnP, RTFM manual pages for isapnp. - -3) Sound-HOWTO and Sound-Playing-HOWTO. - -4) OSS's WWW site at http://www.opensound.com. - -5) All the files in Documentation/sound. - -6) The comments and code in linux/drivers/sound. - -7) The sndconfig and rhsound documentation from Red Hat. - -8) The Linux-sound mailing list: sound-list@redhat.com. - -9) Enlightenment documentation (for info on esd) - http://www.tux.org/~ricdude/EsounD.html. - -10) ALSA home page: http://www.alsa-project.org/ - - -Contact Information: -==================== -Wade Hampton: (whampton@staffnet.com) - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound b/Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound deleted file mode 100644 index e4a18bb7f73a..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1137 +0,0 @@ -#! /bin/sh -# -# Turtle Beach MultiSound Driver Notes -# -- Andrew Veliath <andrewtv@usa.net> -# -# Last update: September 10, 1998 -# Corresponding msnd driver: 0.8.3 -# -# ** This file is a README (top part) and shell archive (bottom part). -# The corresponding archived utility sources can be unpacked by -# running `sh MultiSound' (the utilities are only needed for the -# Pinnacle and Fiji cards). ** -# -# -# -=-=- Getting Firmware -=-=- -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# See the section `Obtaining and Creating Firmware Files' in this -# document for instructions on obtaining the necessary firmware -# files. -# -# -# Supported Features -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# Currently, full-duplex digital audio (/dev/dsp only, /dev/audio is -# not currently available) and mixer functionality (/dev/mixer) are -# supported (memory mapped digital audio is not yet supported). -# Digital transfers and monitoring can be done as well if you have -# the digital daughterboard (see the section on using the S/PDIF port -# for more information). -# -# Support for the Turtle Beach MultiSound Hurricane architecture is -# composed of the following modules (these can also operate compiled -# into the kernel): -# -# msnd - MultiSound base (requires soundcore) -# -# msnd_classic - Base audio/mixer support for Classic, Monetery and -# Tahiti cards -# -# msnd_pinnacle - Base audio/mixer support for Pinnacle and Fiji cards -# -# -# Important Notes - Read Before Using -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# The firmware files are not included (may change in future). You -# must obtain these images from Turtle Beach (they are included in -# the MultiSound Development Kits), and place them in /etc/sound for -# example, and give the full paths in the Linux configuration. If -# you are compiling in support for the MultiSound driver rather than -# using it as a module, these firmware files must be accessible -# during kernel compilation. -# -# Please note these files must be binary files, not assembler. See -# the section later in this document for instructions to obtain these -# files. -# -# -# Configuring Card Resources -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# ** This section is very important, as your card may not work at all -# or your machine may crash if you do not do this correctly. ** -# -# * Classic/Monterey/Tahiti -# -# These cards are configured through the driver msnd_classic. You must -# know the io port, then the driver will select the irq and memory resources -# on the card. It is up to you to know if these are free locations or now, -# a conflict can lock the machine up. -# -# * Pinnacle/Fiji -# -# The Pinnacle and Fiji cards have an extra config port, either -# 0x250, 0x260 or 0x270. This port can be disabled to have the card -# configured strictly through PnP, however you lose the ability to -# access the IDE controller and joystick devices on this card when -# using PnP. The included pinnaclecfg program in this shell archive -# can be used to configure the card in non-PnP mode, and in PnP mode -# you can use isapnptools. These are described briefly here. -# -# pinnaclecfg is not required; you can use the msnd_pinnacle module -# to fully configure the card as well. However, pinnaclecfg can be -# used to change the resource values of a particular device after the -# msnd_pinnacle module has been loaded. If you are compiling the -# driver into the kernel, you must set these values during compile -# time, however other peripheral resource values can be changed with -# the pinnaclecfg program after the kernel is loaded. -# -# -# *** PnP mode -# -# Use pnpdump to obtain a sample configuration if you can; I was able -# to obtain one with the command `pnpdump 1 0x203' -- this may vary -# for you (running pnpdump by itself did not work for me). Then, -# edit this file and use isapnp to uncomment and set the card values. -# Use these values when inserting the msnd_pinnacle module. Using -# this method, you can set the resources for the DSP and the Kurzweil -# synth (Pinnacle). Since Linux does not directly support PnP -# devices, you may have difficulty when using the card in PnP mode -# when it the driver is compiled into the kernel. Using non-PnP mode -# is preferable in this case. -# -# Here is an example mypinnacle.conf for isapnp that sets the card to -# io base 0x210, irq 5 and mem 0xd8000, and also sets the Kurzweil -# synth to 0x330 and irq 9 (may need editing for your system): -# -# (READPORT 0x0203) -# (CSN 2) -# (IDENTIFY *) -# -# # DSP -# (CONFIGURE BVJ0440/-1 (LD 0 -# (INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E))) (IO 0 (BASE 0x0210)) (MEM 0 (BASE 0x0d8000)) -# (ACT Y))) -# -# # Kurzweil Synth (Pinnacle Only) -# (CONFIGURE BVJ0440/-1 (LD 1 -# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0330)) (INT 0 (IRQ 9 (MODE +E))) -# (ACT Y))) -# -# (WAITFORKEY) -# -# -# *** Non-PnP mode -# -# The second way is by running the card in non-PnP mode. This -# actually has some advantages in that you can access some other -# devices on the card, such as the joystick and IDE controller. To -# configure the card, unpack this shell archive and build the -# pinnaclecfg program. Using this program, you can assign the -# resource values to the card's devices, or disable the devices. As -# an alternative to using pinnaclecfg, you can specify many of the -# configuration values when loading the msnd_pinnacle module (or -# during kernel configuration when compiling the driver into the -# kernel). -# -# If you specify cfg=0x250 for the msnd_pinnacle module, it -# automatically configure the card to the given io, irq and memory -# values using that config port (the config port is jumper selectable -# on the card to 0x250, 0x260 or 0x270). -# -# See the `msnd_pinnacle Additional Options' section below for more -# information on these parameters (also, if you compile the driver -# directly into the kernel, these extra parameters can be useful -# here). -# -# -# ** It is very easy to cause problems in your machine if you choose a -# resource value which is incorrect. ** -# -# -# Examples -# ~~~~~~~~ -# -# * MultiSound Classic/Monterey/Tahiti: -# -# modprobe soundcore -# insmod msnd -# insmod msnd_classic io=0x290 irq=7 mem=0xd0000 -# -# * MultiSound Pinnacle in PnP mode: -# -# modprobe soundcore -# insmod msnd -# isapnp mypinnacle.conf -# insmod msnd_pinnacle io=0x210 irq=5 mem=0xd8000 <-- match mypinnacle.conf values -# -# * MultiSound Pinnacle in non-PnP mode (replace 0x250 with your configuration port, -# one of 0x250, 0x260 or 0x270): -# -# insmod soundcore -# insmod msnd -# insmod msnd_pinnacle cfg=0x250 io=0x290 irq=5 mem=0xd0000 -# -# * To use the MPU-compatible Kurzweil synth on the Pinnacle in PnP -# mode, add the following (assumes you did `isapnp mypinnacle.conf'): -# -# insmod sound -# insmod mpu401 io=0x330 irq=9 <-- match mypinnacle.conf values -# -# * To use the MPU-compatible Kurzweil synth on the Pinnacle in non-PnP -# mode, add the following. Note how we first configure the peripheral's -# resources, _then_ install a Linux driver for it: -# -# insmod sound -# pinnaclecfg 0x250 mpu 0x330 9 -# insmod mpu401 io=0x330 irq=9 -# -# -- OR you can use the following sequence without pinnaclecfg in non-PnP mode: -# -# insmod soundcore -# insmod msnd -# insmod msnd_pinnacle cfg=0x250 io=0x290 irq=5 mem=0xd0000 mpu_io=0x330 mpu_irq=9 -# insmod sound -# insmod mpu401 io=0x330 irq=9 -# -# * To setup the joystick port on the Pinnacle in non-PnP mode (though -# you have to find the actual Linux joystick driver elsewhere), you -# can use pinnaclecfg: -# -# pinnaclecfg 0x250 joystick 0x200 -# -# -- OR you can configure this using msnd_pinnacle with the following: -# -# insmod soundcore -# insmod msnd -# insmod msnd_pinnacle cfg=0x250 io=0x290 irq=5 mem=0xd0000 joystick_io=0x200 -# -# -# msnd_classic, msnd_pinnacle Required Options -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# If the following options are not given, the module will not load. -# Examine the kernel message log for informative error messages. -# WARNING--probing isn't supported so try to make sure you have the -# correct shared memory area, otherwise you may experience problems. -# -# io I/O base of DSP, e.g. io=0x210 -# irq IRQ number, e.g. irq=5 -# mem Shared memory area, e.g. mem=0xd8000 -# -# -# msnd_classic, msnd_pinnacle Additional Options -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# fifosize The digital audio FIFOs, in kilobytes. If not -# specified, the default will be used. Increasing -# this value will reduce the chance of a FIFO -# underflow at the expense of increasing overall -# latency. For example, fifosize=512 will -# allocate 512kB read and write FIFOs (1MB total). -# While this may reduce dropouts, a heavy machine -# load will undoubtedly starve the FIFO of data -# and you will eventually get dropouts. One -# option is to alter the scheduling priority of -# the playback process, using `nice' or some form -# of POSIX soft real-time scheduling. -# -# calibrate_signal Setting this to one calibrates the ADCs to the -# signal, zero calibrates to the card (defaults -# to zero). -# -# -# msnd_pinnacle Additional Options -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# digital Specify digital=1 to enable the S/PDIF input -# if you have the digital daughterboard -# adapter. This will enable access to the -# DIGITAL1 input for the soundcard in the mixer. -# Some mixer programs might have trouble setting -# the DIGITAL1 source as an input. If you have -# trouble, you can try the setdigital.c program -# at the bottom of this document. -# -# cfg Non-PnP configuration port for the Pinnacle -# and Fiji (typically 0x250, 0x260 or 0x270, -# depending on the jumper configuration). If -# this option is omitted, then it is assumed -# that the card is in PnP mode, and that the -# specified DSP resource values are already -# configured with PnP (i.e. it won't attempt to -# do any sort of configuration). -# -# When the Pinnacle is in non-PnP mode, you can use the following -# options to configure particular devices. If a full specification -# for a device is not given, then the device is not configured. Note -# that you still must use a Linux driver for any of these devices -# once their resources are setup (such as the Linux joystick driver, -# or the MPU401 driver from OSS for the Kurzweil synth). -# -# mpu_io I/O port of MPU (on-board Kurzweil synth) -# mpu_irq IRQ of MPU (on-board Kurzweil synth) -# ide_io0 First I/O port of IDE controller -# ide_io1 Second I/O port of IDE controller -# ide_irq IRQ IDE controller -# joystick_io I/O port of joystick -# -# -# Obtaining and Creating Firmware Files -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# For the Classic/Tahiti/Monterey -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# Download to /tmp and unzip the following file from Turtle Beach: -# -# ftp://ftp.voyetra.com/pub/tbs/msndcl/msndvkit.zip -# -# When unzipped, unzip the file named MsndFiles.zip. Then copy the -# following firmware files to /etc/sound (note the file renaming): -# -# cp DSPCODE/MSNDINIT.BIN /etc/sound/msndinit.bin -# cp DSPCODE/MSNDPERM.REB /etc/sound/msndperm.bin -# -# When configuring the Linux kernel, specify /etc/sound/msndinit.bin and -# /etc/sound/msndperm.bin for the two firmware files (Linux kernel -# versions older than 2.2 do not ask for firmware paths, and are -# hardcoded to /etc/sound). -# -# If you are compiling the driver into the kernel, these files must -# be accessible during compilation, but will not be needed later. -# The files must remain, however, if the driver is used as a module. -# -# -# For the Pinnacle/Fiji -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# Download to /tmp and unzip the following file from Turtle Beach (be -# sure to use the entire URL; some have had trouble navigating to the -# URL): -# -# ftp://ftp.voyetra.com/pub/tbs/pinn/pnddk100.zip -# -# Unpack this shell archive, and run make in the created directory -# (you need a C compiler and flex to build the utilities). This -# should give you the executables conv, pinnaclecfg and setdigital. -# conv is only used temporarily here to create the firmware files, -# while pinnaclecfg is used to configure the Pinnacle or Fiji card in -# non-PnP mode, and setdigital can be used to set the S/PDIF input on -# the mixer (pinnaclecfg and setdigital should be copied to a -# convenient place, possibly run during system initialization). -# -# To generating the firmware files with the `conv' program, we create -# the binary firmware files by doing the following conversion -# (assuming the archive unpacked into a directory named PINNDDK): -# -# ./conv < PINNDDK/dspcode/pndspini.asm > /etc/sound/pndspini.bin -# ./conv < PINNDDK/dspcode/pndsperm.asm > /etc/sound/pndsperm.bin -# -# The conv (and conv.l) program is not needed after conversion and can -# be safely deleted. Then, when configuring the Linux kernel, specify -# /etc/sound/pndspini.bin and /etc/sound/pndsperm.bin for the two -# firmware files (Linux kernel versions older than 2.2 do not ask for -# firmware paths, and are hardcoded to /etc/sound). -# -# If you are compiling the driver into the kernel, these files must -# be accessible during compilation, but will not be needed later. -# The files must remain, however, if the driver is used as a module. -# -# -# Using Digital I/O with the S/PDIF Port -# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -# -# If you have a Pinnacle or Fiji with the digital daughterboard and -# want to set it as the input source, you can use this program if you -# have trouble trying to do it with a mixer program (be sure to -# insert the module with the digital=1 option, or say Y to the option -# during compiled-in kernel operation). Upon selection of the S/PDIF -# port, you should be able monitor and record from it. -# -# There is something to note about using the S/PDIF port. Digital -# timing is taken from the digital signal, so if a signal is not -# connected to the port and it is selected as recording input, you -# will find PCM playback to be distorted in playback rate. Also, -# attempting to record at a sampling rate other than the DAT rate may -# be problematic (i.e. trying to record at 8000Hz when the DAT signal -# is 44100Hz). If you have a problem with this, set the recording -# input to analog if you need to record at a rate other than that of -# the DAT rate. -# -# -# -- Shell archive attached below, just run `sh MultiSound' to extract. -# Contains Pinnacle/Fiji utilities to convert firmware, configure -# in non-PnP mode, and select the DIGITAL1 input for the mixer. -# -# -#!/bin/sh -# This is a shell archive (produced by GNU sharutils 4.2). -# To extract the files from this archive, save it to some FILE, remove -# everything before the `!/bin/sh' line above, then type `sh FILE'. -# -# Made on 1998-12-04 10:07 EST by <andrewtv@ztransform.velsoft.com>. -# Source directory was `/home/andrewtv/programming/pinnacle/pinnacle'. -# -# Existing files will *not* be overwritten unless `-c' is specified. -# -# This shar contains: -# length mode name -# ------ ---------- ------------------------------------------ -# 2046 -rw-rw-r-- MultiSound.d/setdigital.c -# 10235 -rw-rw-r-- MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c -# 106 -rw-rw-r-- MultiSound.d/Makefile -# 141 -rw-rw-r-- MultiSound.d/conv.l -# 1472 -rw-rw-r-- MultiSound.d/msndreset.c -# -save_IFS="${IFS}" -IFS="${IFS}:" -gettext_dir=FAILED -locale_dir=FAILED -first_param="$1" -for dir in $PATH -do - if test "$gettext_dir" = FAILED && test -f $dir/gettext \ - && ($dir/gettext --version >/dev/null 2>&1) - then - set `$dir/gettext --version 2>&1` - if test "$3" = GNU - then - gettext_dir=$dir - fi - fi - if test "$locale_dir" = FAILED && test -f $dir/shar \ - && ($dir/shar --print-text-domain-dir >/dev/null 2>&1) - then - locale_dir=`$dir/shar --print-text-domain-dir` - fi -done -IFS="$save_IFS" -if test "$locale_dir" = FAILED || test "$gettext_dir" = FAILED -then - echo=echo -else - TEXTDOMAINDIR=$locale_dir - export TEXTDOMAINDIR - TEXTDOMAIN=sharutils - export TEXTDOMAIN - echo="$gettext_dir/gettext -s" -fi -touch -am 1231235999 $$.touch >/dev/null 2>&1 -if test ! -f 1231235999 && test -f $$.touch; then - shar_touch=touch -else - shar_touch=: - echo - $echo 'WARNING: not restoring timestamps. Consider getting and' - $echo "installing GNU \`touch', distributed in GNU File Utilities..." - echo -fi -rm -f 1231235999 $$.touch -# -if mkdir _sh01426; then - $echo 'x -' 'creating lock directory' -else - $echo 'failed to create lock directory' - exit 1 -fi -# ============= MultiSound.d/setdigital.c ============== -if test ! -d 'MultiSound.d'; then - $echo 'x -' 'creating directory' 'MultiSound.d' - mkdir 'MultiSound.d' -fi -if test -f 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' && test "$first_param" != -c; then - $echo 'x -' SKIPPING 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' '(file already exists)' -else - $echo 'x -' extracting 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' '(text)' - sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' && -/********************************************************************* -X * -X * setdigital.c - sets the DIGITAL1 input for a mixer -X * -X * Copyright (C) 1998 Andrew Veliath -X * -X * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -X * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -X * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or -X * (at your option) any later version. -X * -X * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -X * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -X * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -X * GNU General Public License for more details. -X * -X * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -X * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -X * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. -X * -X ********************************************************************/ -X -#include <stdio.h> -#include <unistd.h> -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/stat.h> -#include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <sys/soundcard.h> -X -int main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int fd; -X unsigned long recmask, recsrc; -X -X if (argc != 2) { -X fprintf(stderr, "usage: setdigital <mixer device>\n"); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR)) < 0) { -X perror(argv[1]); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if (ioctl(fd, SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECMASK, &recmask) < 0) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: ioctl read recording mask failed\n"); -X perror("ioctl"); -X close(fd); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if (!(recmask & SOUND_MASK_DIGITAL1)) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: cannot find DIGITAL1 device in mixer\n"); -X close(fd); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if (ioctl(fd, SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECSRC, &recsrc) < 0) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: ioctl read recording source failed\n"); -X perror("ioctl"); -X close(fd); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X recsrc |= SOUND_MASK_DIGITAL1; -X -X if (ioctl(fd, SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_RECSRC, &recsrc) < 0) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: ioctl write recording source failed\n"); -X perror("ioctl"); -X close(fd); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X close(fd); -X -X return 0; -} -SHAR_EOF - $shar_touch -am 1204092598 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' && - chmod 0664 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' || - $echo 'restore of' 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c' 'failed' - if ( md5sum --help 2>&1 | grep 'sage: md5sum \[' ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - && ( md5sum --version 2>&1 | grep -v 'textutils 1.12' ) >/dev/null; then - md5sum -c << SHAR_EOF >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - || $echo 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c:' 'MD5 check failed' -e87217fc3e71288102ba41fd81f71ec4 MultiSound.d/setdigital.c -SHAR_EOF - else - shar_count="`LC_ALL= LC_CTYPE= LANG= wc -c < 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c'`" - test 2046 -eq "$shar_count" || - $echo 'MultiSound.d/setdigital.c:' 'original size' '2046,' 'current size' "$shar_count!" - fi -fi -# ============= MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c ============== -if test -f 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' && test "$first_param" != -c; then - $echo 'x -' SKIPPING 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' '(file already exists)' -else - $echo 'x -' extracting 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' '(text)' - sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' && -/********************************************************************* -X * -X * pinnaclecfg.c - Pinnacle/Fiji Device Configuration Program -X * -X * This is for NON-PnP mode only. For PnP mode, use isapnptools. -X * -X * This is Linux-specific, and must be run with root permissions. -X * -X * Part of the Turtle Beach MultiSound Sound Card Driver for Linux -X * -X * Copyright (C) 1998 Andrew Veliath -X * -X * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -X * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -X * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or -X * (at your option) any later version. -X * -X * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -X * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -X * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -X * GNU General Public License for more details. -X * -X * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -X * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -X * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. -X * -X ********************************************************************/ -X -#include <stdio.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <string.h> -#include <errno.h> -#include <unistd.h> -#include <asm/io.h> -#include <asm/types.h> -X -#define IREG_LOGDEVICE 0x07 -#define IREG_ACTIVATE 0x30 -#define LD_ACTIVATE 0x01 -#define LD_DISACTIVATE 0x00 -#define IREG_EECONTROL 0x3F -#define IREG_MEMBASEHI 0x40 -#define IREG_MEMBASELO 0x41 -#define IREG_MEMCONTROL 0x42 -#define IREG_MEMRANGEHI 0x43 -#define IREG_MEMRANGELO 0x44 -#define MEMTYPE_8BIT 0x00 -#define MEMTYPE_16BIT 0x02 -#define MEMTYPE_RANGE 0x00 -#define MEMTYPE_HIADDR 0x01 -#define IREG_IO0_BASEHI 0x60 -#define IREG_IO0_BASELO 0x61 -#define IREG_IO1_BASEHI 0x62 -#define IREG_IO1_BASELO 0x63 -#define IREG_IRQ_NUMBER 0x70 -#define IREG_IRQ_TYPE 0x71 -#define IRQTYPE_HIGH 0x02 -#define IRQTYPE_LOW 0x00 -#define IRQTYPE_LEVEL 0x01 -#define IRQTYPE_EDGE 0x00 -X -#define HIBYTE(w) ((BYTE)(((WORD)(w) >> 8) & 0xFF)) -#define LOBYTE(w) ((BYTE)(w)) -#define MAKEWORD(low,hi) ((WORD)(((BYTE)(low))|(((WORD)((BYTE)(hi)))<<8))) -X -typedef __u8 BYTE; -typedef __u16 USHORT; -typedef __u16 WORD; -X -static int config_port = -1; -X -static int msnd_write_cfg(int cfg, int reg, int value) -{ -X outb(reg, cfg); -X outb(value, cfg + 1); -X if (value != inb(cfg + 1)) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: msnd_write_cfg: I/O error\n"); -X return -EIO; -X } -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg(int cfg, int reg) -{ -X outb(reg, cfg); -X return inb(cfg + 1); -} -X -static int msnd_write_cfg_io0(int cfg, int num, WORD io) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO0_BASEHI, HIBYTE(io))) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO0_BASELO, LOBYTE(io))) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg_io0(int cfg, int num, WORD *io) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X -X *io = MAKEWORD(msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO0_BASELO), -X msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO0_BASEHI)); -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_write_cfg_io1(int cfg, int num, WORD io) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO1_BASEHI, HIBYTE(io))) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO1_BASELO, LOBYTE(io))) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg_io1(int cfg, int num, WORD *io) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X -X *io = MAKEWORD(msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO1_BASELO), -X msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_IO1_BASEHI)); -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_write_cfg_irq(int cfg, int num, WORD irq) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IRQ_NUMBER, LOBYTE(irq))) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_IRQ_TYPE, IRQTYPE_EDGE)) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg_irq(int cfg, int num, WORD *irq) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X -X *irq = msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_IRQ_NUMBER); -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_write_cfg_mem(int cfg, int num, int mem) -{ -X WORD wmem; -X -X mem >>= 8; -X mem &= 0xfff; -X wmem = (WORD)mem; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_MEMBASEHI, HIBYTE(wmem))) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_MEMBASELO, LOBYTE(wmem))) -X return -EIO; -X if (wmem && msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_MEMCONTROL, (MEMTYPE_HIADDR | MEMTYPE_16BIT))) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg_mem(int cfg, int num, int *mem) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X -X *mem = MAKEWORD(msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_MEMBASELO), -X msnd_read_cfg(cfg, IREG_MEMBASEHI)); -X *mem <<= 8; -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_activate_logical(int cfg, int num) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_ACTIVATE, LD_ACTIVATE)) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_write_cfg_logical(int cfg, int num, WORD io0, WORD io1, WORD irq, int mem) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg_io0(cfg, num, io0)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg_io1(cfg, num, io1)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg_irq(cfg, num, irq)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_write_cfg_mem(cfg, num, mem)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_activate_logical(cfg, num)) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static int msnd_read_cfg_logical(int cfg, int num, WORD *io0, WORD *io1, WORD *irq, int *mem) -{ -X if (msnd_write_cfg(cfg, IREG_LOGDEVICE, num)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_read_cfg_io0(cfg, num, io0)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_read_cfg_io1(cfg, num, io1)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_read_cfg_irq(cfg, num, irq)) -X return -EIO; -X if (msnd_read_cfg_mem(cfg, num, mem)) -X return -EIO; -X return 0; -} -X -static void usage(void) -{ -X fprintf(stderr, -X "\n" -X "pinnaclecfg 1.0\n" -X "\n" -X "usage: pinnaclecfg <config port> [device config]\n" -X "\n" -X "This is for use with the card in NON-PnP mode only.\n" -X "\n" -X "Available devices (not all available for Fiji):\n" -X "\n" -X " Device Description\n" -X " -------------------------------------------------------------------\n" -X " reset Reset all devices (i.e. disable)\n" -X " show Display current device configurations\n" -X "\n" -X " dsp <io> <irq> <mem> Audio device\n" -X " mpu <io> <irq> Internal Kurzweil synth\n" -X " ide <io0> <io1> <irq> On-board IDE controller\n" -X " joystick <io> Joystick port\n" -X "\n"); -X exit(1); -} -X -static int cfg_reset(void) -{ -X int i; -X -X for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) -X msnd_write_cfg_logical(config_port, i, 0, 0, 0, 0); -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int cfg_show(void) -{ -X int i; -X int count = 0; -X -X for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { -X WORD io0, io1, irq; -X int mem; -X msnd_read_cfg_logical(config_port, i, &io0, &io1, &irq, &mem); -X switch (i) { -X case 0: -X if (io0 || irq || mem) { -X printf("dsp 0x%x %d 0x%x\n", io0, irq, mem); -X ++count; -X } -X break; -X case 1: -X if (io0 || irq) { -X printf("mpu 0x%x %d\n", io0, irq); -X ++count; -X } -X break; -X case 2: -X if (io0 || io1 || irq) { -X printf("ide 0x%x 0x%x %d\n", io0, io1, irq); -X ++count; -X } -X break; -X case 3: -X if (io0) { -X printf("joystick 0x%x\n", io0); -X ++count; -X } -X break; -X } -X } -X -X if (count == 0) -X fprintf(stderr, "no devices configured\n"); -X -X return 0; -} -X -static int cfg_dsp(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int io, irq, mem; -X -X if (argc < 3 || -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &io) != 1 || -X sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &irq) != 1 || -X sscanf(argv[2], "0x%x", &mem) != 1) -X usage(); -X -X if (!(io == 0x290 || -X io == 0x260 || -X io == 0x250 || -X io == 0x240 || -X io == 0x230 || -X io == 0x220 || -X io == 0x210 || -X io == 0x3e0)) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: io must be one of " -X "210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 290, or 3E0\n"); -X usage(); -X } -X -X if (!(irq == 5 || -X irq == 7 || -X irq == 9 || -X irq == 10 || -X irq == 11 || -X irq == 12)) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: irq must be one of " -X "5, 7, 9, 10, 11 or 12\n"); -X usage(); -X } -X -X if (!(mem == 0xb0000 || -X mem == 0xc8000 || -X mem == 0xd0000 || -X mem == 0xd8000 || -X mem == 0xe0000 || -X mem == 0xe8000)) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: mem must be one of " -X "0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000\n"); -X usage(); -X } -X -X return msnd_write_cfg_logical(config_port, 0, io, 0, irq, mem); -} -X -static int cfg_mpu(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int io, irq; -X -X if (argc < 2 || -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &io) != 1 || -X sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &irq) != 1) -X usage(); -X -X return msnd_write_cfg_logical(config_port, 1, io, 0, irq, 0); -} -X -static int cfg_ide(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int io0, io1, irq; -X -X if (argc < 3 || -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &io0) != 1 || -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &io1) != 1 || -X sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &irq) != 1) -X usage(); -X -X return msnd_write_cfg_logical(config_port, 2, io0, io1, irq, 0); -} -X -static int cfg_joystick(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int io; -X -X if (argc < 1 || -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &io) != 1) -X usage(); -X -X return msnd_write_cfg_logical(config_port, 3, io, 0, 0, 0); -} -X -int main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X char *device; -X int rv = 0; -X -X --argc; ++argv; -X -X if (argc < 2) -X usage(); -X -X sscanf(argv[0], "0x%x", &config_port); -X if (config_port != 0x250 && config_port != 0x260 && config_port != 0x270) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: <config port> must be 0x250, 0x260 or 0x270\n"); -X exit(1); -X } -X if (ioperm(config_port, 2, 1)) { -X perror("ioperm"); -X fprintf(stderr, "note: pinnaclecfg must be run as root\n"); -X exit(1); -X } -X device = argv[1]; -X -X argc -= 2; argv += 2; -X -X if (strcmp(device, "reset") == 0) -X rv = cfg_reset(); -X else if (strcmp(device, "show") == 0) -X rv = cfg_show(); -X else if (strcmp(device, "dsp") == 0) -X rv = cfg_dsp(argc, argv); -X else if (strcmp(device, "mpu") == 0) -X rv = cfg_mpu(argc, argv); -X else if (strcmp(device, "ide") == 0) -X rv = cfg_ide(argc, argv); -X else if (strcmp(device, "joystick") == 0) -X rv = cfg_joystick(argc, argv); -X else { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown device %s\n", device); -X usage(); -X } -X -X if (rv) -X fprintf(stderr, "error: device configuration failed\n"); -X -X return 0; -} -SHAR_EOF - $shar_touch -am 1204092598 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' && - chmod 0664 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' || - $echo 'restore of' 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c' 'failed' - if ( md5sum --help 2>&1 | grep 'sage: md5sum \[' ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - && ( md5sum --version 2>&1 | grep -v 'textutils 1.12' ) >/dev/null; then - md5sum -c << SHAR_EOF >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - || $echo 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c:' 'MD5 check failed' -366bdf27f0db767a3c7921d0a6db20fe MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c -SHAR_EOF - else - shar_count="`LC_ALL= LC_CTYPE= LANG= wc -c < 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c'`" - test 10235 -eq "$shar_count" || - $echo 'MultiSound.d/pinnaclecfg.c:' 'original size' '10235,' 'current size' "$shar_count!" - fi -fi -# ============= MultiSound.d/Makefile ============== -if test -f 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' && test "$first_param" != -c; then - $echo 'x -' SKIPPING 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' '(file already exists)' -else - $echo 'x -' extracting 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' '(text)' - sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' && -CC = gcc -CFLAGS = -O -PROGS = setdigital msndreset pinnaclecfg conv -X -all: $(PROGS) -X -clean: -X rm -f $(PROGS) -SHAR_EOF - $shar_touch -am 1204092398 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' && - chmod 0664 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' || - $echo 'restore of' 'MultiSound.d/Makefile' 'failed' - if ( md5sum --help 2>&1 | grep 'sage: md5sum \[' ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - && ( md5sum --version 2>&1 | grep -v 'textutils 1.12' ) >/dev/null; then - md5sum -c << SHAR_EOF >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - || $echo 'MultiSound.d/Makefile:' 'MD5 check failed' -76ca8bb44e3882edcf79c97df6c81845 MultiSound.d/Makefile -SHAR_EOF - else - shar_count="`LC_ALL= LC_CTYPE= LANG= wc -c < 'MultiSound.d/Makefile'`" - test 106 -eq "$shar_count" || - $echo 'MultiSound.d/Makefile:' 'original size' '106,' 'current size' "$shar_count!" - fi -fi -# ============= MultiSound.d/conv.l ============== -if test -f 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' && test "$first_param" != -c; then - $echo 'x -' SKIPPING 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' '(file already exists)' -else - $echo 'x -' extracting 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' '(text)' - sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' && -%% -[ \n\t,\r] -\;.* -DB -[0-9A-Fa-f]+H { int n; sscanf(yytext, "%xH", &n); printf("%c", n); } -%% -int yywrap() { return 1; } -main() { yylex(); } -SHAR_EOF - $shar_touch -am 0828231798 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' && - chmod 0664 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' || - $echo 'restore of' 'MultiSound.d/conv.l' 'failed' - if ( md5sum --help 2>&1 | grep 'sage: md5sum \[' ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - && ( md5sum --version 2>&1 | grep -v 'textutils 1.12' ) >/dev/null; then - md5sum -c << SHAR_EOF >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - || $echo 'MultiSound.d/conv.l:' 'MD5 check failed' -d2411fc32cd71a00dcdc1f009e858dd2 MultiSound.d/conv.l -SHAR_EOF - else - shar_count="`LC_ALL= LC_CTYPE= LANG= wc -c < 'MultiSound.d/conv.l'`" - test 141 -eq "$shar_count" || - $echo 'MultiSound.d/conv.l:' 'original size' '141,' 'current size' "$shar_count!" - fi -fi -# ============= MultiSound.d/msndreset.c ============== -if test -f 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' && test "$first_param" != -c; then - $echo 'x -' SKIPPING 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' '(file already exists)' -else - $echo 'x -' extracting 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' '(text)' - sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' && -/********************************************************************* -X * -X * msndreset.c - resets the MultiSound card -X * -X * Copyright (C) 1998 Andrew Veliath -X * -X * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -X * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -X * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or -X * (at your option) any later version. -X * -X * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -X * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -X * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -X * GNU General Public License for more details. -X * -X * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -X * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software -X * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. -X * -X ********************************************************************/ -X -#include <stdio.h> -#include <unistd.h> -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <sys/stat.h> -#include <sys/ioctl.h> -#include <sys/soundcard.h> -X -int main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ -X int fd; -X -X if (argc != 2) { -X fprintf(stderr, "usage: msndreset <mixer device>\n"); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR)) < 0) { -X perror(argv[1]); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X if (ioctl(fd, SOUND_MIXER_PRIVATE1, 0) < 0) { -X fprintf(stderr, "error: msnd ioctl reset failed\n"); -X perror("ioctl"); -X close(fd); -X exit(1); -X } -X -X close(fd); -X -X return 0; -} -SHAR_EOF - $shar_touch -am 1204100698 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' && - chmod 0664 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' || - $echo 'restore of' 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c' 'failed' - if ( md5sum --help 2>&1 | grep 'sage: md5sum \[' ) >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - && ( md5sum --version 2>&1 | grep -v 'textutils 1.12' ) >/dev/null; then - md5sum -c << SHAR_EOF >/dev/null 2>&1 \ - || $echo 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c:' 'MD5 check failed' -c52f876521084e8eb25e12e01dcccb8a MultiSound.d/msndreset.c -SHAR_EOF - else - shar_count="`LC_ALL= LC_CTYPE= LANG= wc -c < 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c'`" - test 1472 -eq "$shar_count" || - $echo 'MultiSound.d/msndreset.c:' 'original size' '1472,' 'current size' "$shar_count!" - fi -fi -rm -fr _sh01426 -exit 0 diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/OPL3 b/Documentation/sound/oss/OPL3 deleted file mode 100644 index 2468ff827688..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/OPL3 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -A pure OPL3 card is nice and easy to configure. Simply do - -insmod opl3 io=0x388 - -Change the I/O address in the very unlikely case this card is differently -configured diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/Opti b/Documentation/sound/oss/Opti deleted file mode 100644 index 4cd5d9ab3580..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/Opti +++ /dev/null @@ -1,218 +0,0 @@ -Support for the OPTi 82C931 chip --------------------------------- -Note: parts of this README file apply also to other -cards that use the mad16 driver. - -Some items in this README file are based on features -added to the sound driver after Linux-2.1.91 was out. -By the time of writing this I do not know which official -kernel release will include these features. -Please do not report inconsistencies on older Linux -kernels. - -The OPTi 82C931 is supported in its non-PnP mode. -Usually you do not need to set jumpers, etc. The sound driver -will check the card status and if it is required it will -force the card into a mode in which it can be programmed. - -If you have another OS installed on your computer it is recommended -that Linux and the other OS use the same resources. - -Also, it is recommended that resources specified in /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf -and resources specified in /etc/isapnp.conf agree. - -Compiling the sound driver --------------------------- -I highly recommend that you build a modularized sound driver. -This document does not cover a sound-driver which is built in -the kernel. - -Sound card support should be enabled as a module (chose m). -Answer 'm' for these items: - Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support (CONFIG_SOUND_ADLIB) - Microsoft Sound System support (CONFIG_SOUND_MSS) - Support for OPTi MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards (CONFIG_SOUND_MAD16) - FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support (CONFIG_SOUND_YM3812) - -The configuration menu may ask for addresses, IRQ lines or DMA -channels. If the card is used as a module the module loading -options will override these values. - -For the OPTi 931 you can answer 'n' to: - Support MIDI in older MAD16 based cards (requires SB) (CONFIG_SOUND_MAD16_OLDCARD) -If you do need MIDI support in a Mozart or C928 based card you -need to answer 'm' to the above question. In that case you will -also need to answer 'm' to: - '100% Sound Blaster compatibles (SB16/32/64, ESS, Jazz16) support' (CONFIG_SOUND_SB) - -Go on and compile your kernel and modules. Install the modules. Run depmod -a. - -Using isapnptools ------------------ -In most systems with a PnP BIOS you do not need to use isapnp. The -initialization provided by the BIOS is sufficient for the driver -to pick up the card and continue initialization. - -If that fails, or if you have other PnP cards, you need to use isapnp -to initialize the card. -This was tested with isapnptools-1.11 but I recommend that you use -isapnptools-1.13 (or newer). Run pnpdump to dump the information -about your PnP cards. Then edit the resulting file and select -the options of your choice. This file is normally installed as -/etc/isapnp.conf. - -The driver has one limitation with respect to I/O port resources: -IO3 base must be 0x0E0C. Although isapnp allows other ports, this -address is hard-coded into the driver. - -Using kmod and autoloading the sound driver -------------------------------------------- -Config files in '/etc/modprobe.d/' are used as below: - -alias mixer0 mad16 -alias audio0 mad16 -alias midi0 mad16 -alias synth0 opl3 -options sb mad16=1 -options mad16 irq=10 dma=0 dma16=1 io=0x530 joystick=1 cdtype=0 -options opl3 io=0x388 -install mad16 /sbin/modprobe -i mad16 && /sbin/ad1848_mixer_reroute 14 8 15 3 16 6 - -If you have an MPU daughtercard or onboard MPU you will want to add to the -"options mad16" line - eg - -options mad16 irq=5 dma=0 dma16=3 io=0x530 mpu_io=0x330 mpu_irq=9 - -To set the I/O and IRQ of the MPU. - - -Explain: - -alias mixer0 mad16 -alias audio0 mad16 -alias midi0 mad16 -alias synth0 opl3 - -When any sound device is opened the kernel requests auto-loading -of char-major-14. There is a built-in alias that translates this -request to loading the main sound module. - -The sound module in its turn will request loading of a sub-driver -for mixer, audio, midi or synthesizer device. The first 3 are -supported by the mad16 driver. The synth device is supported -by the opl3 driver. - -There is currently no way to autoload the sound device driver -if more than one card is installed. - -options sb mad16=1 - -This is left for historical reasons. If you enable the -config option 'Support MIDI in older MAD16 based cards (requires SB)' -or if you use an older mad16 driver it will force loading of the -SoundBlaster driver. This option tells the SB driver not to look -for a SB card but to wait for the mad16 driver. - -options mad16 irq=10 dma=0 dma16=1 io=0x530 joystick=1 cdtype=0 -options opl3 io=0x388 - -post-install mad16 /sbin/ad1848_mixer_reroute 14 8 15 3 16 6 - -This sets resources and options for the mad16 and opl3 drivers. -I use two DMA channels (only one is required) to enable full duplex. -joystick=1 enables the joystick port. cdtype=0 disables the cd port. -You can also set mpu_io and mpu_irq in the mad16 options for the -uart401 driver. - -This tells modprobe to run /sbin/ad1848_mixer_reroute after -mad16 is successfully loaded and initialized. The source -for ad1848_mixer_reroute is appended to the end of this readme -file. It is impossible for the sound driver to know the actual -connections to the mixer. The 3 inputs intended for cd, synth -and line-in are mapped to the generic inputs line1, line2 and -line3. This program reroutes these mixer channels to their -right names (note the right mapping depends on the actual sound -card that you use). -The numeric parameters mean: - 14=line1 8=cd - reroute line1 to the CD input. - 15=line2 3=synth - reroute line2 to the synthesizer input. - 16=line3 6=line - reroute line3 to the line input. -For reference on other input names look at the file -/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h. - -Using a joystick ------------------ -You must enable a joystick in the mad16 options. (also -in /etc/isapnp.conf if you use it). -Tested with regular analog joysticks. - -A CDROM drive connected to the sound card ------------------------------------------ -The 82C931 chip has support only for secondary ATAPI cdrom. -(cdtype=8). Loading the mad16 driver resets the C931 chip -and if a cdrom was already mounted it may cause a complete -system hang. Do not use the sound card if you have an alternative. -If you do use the sound card it is important that you load -the mad16 driver (use "modprobe mad16" to prevent auto-unloading) -before the cdrom is accessed the first time. - -Using the sound driver built-in to the kernel may help here, but... -Most new systems have a PnP BIOS and also two IDE controllers. -The IDE controller on the sound card may be needed only on older -systems (which have only one IDE controller) but these systems -also do not have a PnP BIOS - requiring isapnptools and a modularized -driver. - -Known problems --------------- -1. See the section on "A CDROM drive connected to the sound card". - -2. On my system the codec cannot capture companded sound samples. - (eg., recording from /dev/audio). When any companded capture is - requested I get stereo-16 bit samples instead. Playback of - companded samples works well. Apparently this problem is not common - to all C931 based cards. I do not know how to identify cards that - have this problem. - -Source for ad1848_mixer_reroute.c ---------------------------------- -#include <stdio.h> -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <linux/soundcard.h> - -static char *mixer_names[SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES] = - SOUND_DEVICE_LABELS; - -int -main(int argc, char **argv) { - int val, from, to; - int i, fd; - - fd = open("/dev/mixer", O_RDWR); - if(fd < 0) { - perror("/dev/mixer"); - return 1; - } - - for(i = 2; i < argc; i += 2) { - from = atoi(argv[i-1]); - to = atoi(argv[i]); - - if(to == SOUND_MIXER_NONE) - fprintf(stderr, "%s: turning off mixer %s\n", - argv[0], mixer_names[to]); - else - fprintf(stderr, "%s: rerouting mixer %s to %s\n", - argv[0], mixer_names[from], mixer_names[to]); - - val = from << 8 | to; - - if(ioctl(fd, SOUND_MIXER_PRIVATE2, &val)) { - perror("AD1848 mixer reroute"); - return 1; - } - } - - return 0; -} - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/PAS16 b/Documentation/sound/oss/PAS16 deleted file mode 100644 index 5c27229eec8c..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/PAS16 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ -Pro Audio Spectrum 16 for 2.3.99 and later -========================================= -by Thomas Molina (tmolina@home.com) -last modified 3 Mar 2001 -Acknowledgement to Axel Boldt (boldt@math.ucsb.edu) for stuff taken -from Configure.help, Riccardo Facchetti for stuff from README.OSS, -and others whose names I could not find. - -This documentation is relevant for the PAS16 driver (pas2_card.c and -friends) under kernel version 2.3.99 and later. If you are -unfamiliar with configuring sound under Linux, please read the -Sound-HOWTO, Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction and other -relevant docs first. - -The following information is relevant information from README.OSS -and legacy docs for the Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16): -================================================================== - -The pas2_card.c driver supports the following cards -- -Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles: - Pro Audio Spectrum 16 - Pro Audio Studio 16 - Logitech Sound Man 16 - NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not - and will not be supported by the driver. - -The sound driver configuration dialog -------------------------------------- - -Sound configuration starts by making some yes/no questions. Be careful -when answering to these questions since answering y to a question may -prevent some later ones from being asked. For example don't answer y to -the question about (PAS16) if you don't really have a PAS16. Sound -configuration may also be made modular by answering m to configuration -options presented. - -Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program -may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also -select some options automatically as well. - - "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support", - - Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_, - Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that - you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you - have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they - are not PAS16 compatible. - NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question) - if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to - the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16 - (there is another question about this that is asked later). - - "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support", - - Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4). - The PAS16 has an OPL3-compatible FM chip. - -With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and -/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and -/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only). - - -The new stuff for 2.3.99 and later -============================================================================ -The following configuration options are relevant to configuring the PAS16: - -Sound card support -CONFIG_SOUND - If you have a sound card in your computer, i.e. if it can say more - than an occasional beep, say Y. Be sure to have all the information - about your sound card and its configuration down (I/O port, - interrupt and DMA channel), because you will be asked for it. - - You want to read the Sound-HOWTO, available from - http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto . General information - about the modular sound system is contained in the files - Documentation/sound/oss/Introduction. The file - Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS contains some slightly outdated but - still useful information as well. - -OSS sound modules -CONFIG_SOUND_OSS - OSS is the Open Sound System suite of sound card drivers. They make - sound programming easier since they provide a common API. Say Y or M - here (the module will be called sound.o) if you haven't found a - driver for your sound card above, then pick your driver from the - list below. - -Persistent DMA buffers -CONFIG_SOUND_DMAP - Linux can often have problems allocating DMA buffers for ISA sound - cards on machines with more than 16MB of RAM. This is because ISA - DMA buffers must exist below the 16MB boundary and it is quite - possible that a large enough free block in this region cannot be - found after the machine has been running for a while. If you say Y - here the DMA buffers (64Kb) will be allocated at boot time and kept - until the shutdown. This option is only useful if you said Y to - "OSS sound modules", above. If you said M to "OSS sound modules" - then you can get the persistent DMA buffer functionality by passing - the command-line argument "dmabuf=1" to the sound.o module. - - Say y here for PAS16. - -ProAudioSpectrum 16 support -CONFIG_SOUND_PAS - Answer Y only if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum 16, ProAudio Studio - 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 sound card. Don't answer Y if you have - some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they are not - PAS16 compatible. It is not necessary to enable the separate - Sound Blaster support; it is included in the PAS driver. - - If you compile the driver into the kernel, you have to add - "pas2=<io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sbio>,<sbirq>,<sbdma>,<sbdma2> - to the kernel command line. - -FM Synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support -CONFIG_SOUND_YM3812 - Answer Y if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4). - Answering Y is usually a safe and recommended choice, however some - cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support with - these cards may cause trouble (I don't currently know of any such - cards, however). - Please read the file Documentation/sound/oss/OPL3 if your card has an - OPL3 chip. - If you compile the driver into the kernel, you have to add - "opl3=<io>" to the kernel command line. - - If you compile your drivers into the kernel, you MUST configure - OPL3 support as a module for PAS16 support to work properly. - You can then get OPL3 functionality by issuing the command: - insmod opl3 - In addition, you must either add the following line to - /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf: - options opl3 io=0x388 - or else add the following line to /etc/lilo.conf: - opl3=0x388 - - -EXAMPLES -=================================================================== -To use the PAS16 in my computer I have enabled the following sound -configuration options: - -CONFIG_SOUND=y -CONFIG_SOUND_OSS=y -CONFIG_SOUND_TRACEINIT=y -CONFIG_SOUND_DMAP=y -CONFIG_SOUND_PAS=y -CONFIG_SOUND_SB=n -CONFIG_SOUND_YM3812=m - -I have also included the following append line in /etc/lilo.conf: -append="pas2=0x388,10,3,-1,0x220,5,1,-1 sb=0x220,5,1,-1 opl3=0x388" - -The io address of 0x388 is default configuration on the PAS16. The -irq of 10 and dma of 3 may not match your installation. The above -configuration enables PAS16, 8-bit Soundblaster and OPL3 -functionality. If Soundblaster functionality is not desired, the -following line would be appropriate: -append="pas2=0x388,10,3,-1,0,-1,-1,-1 opl3=0x388" - -If sound is built totally modular, the above options may be -specified in /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf for pas2, sb and opl3 -respectively. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS b/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS deleted file mode 100644 index 187b9525e1f6..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -The PSS cards and other ECHO based cards provide an onboard DSP with -downloadable programs and also has an AD1848 "Microsoft Sound System" -device. The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB -is not enabled since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. - -If you build this driver as a module then the driver takes the following -parameters - -pss_io. The I/O base the PSS card is configured at (normally 0x220 - or 0x240) - -mss_io The base address of the Microsoft Sound System interface. - This is normally 0x530, but may be 0x604 or other addresses. - -mss_irq The interrupt assigned to the Microsoft Sound System - emulation. IRQ's 3,5,7,9,10,11 and 12 are available. If you - get IRQ errors be sure to check the interrupt is set to - "ISA/Legacy" in the BIOS on modern machines. - -mss_dma The DMA channel used by the Microsoft Sound System. - This can be 0, 1, or 3. DMA 0 is not available on older - machines and will cause a crash on them. - -mpu_io The MPU emulation base address. This sets the base of the - synthesizer. It is typically 0x330 but can be altered. - -mpu_irq The interrupt to use for the synthesizer. It must differ - from the IRQ used by the Microsoft Sound System port. - - -The mpu_io/mpu_irq fields are optional. If they are not specified the -synthesizer parts are not configured. - -When the module is loaded it looks for a file called -/etc/sound/pss_synth. This is the firmware file from the DOS install disks. -This fil holds a general MIDI emulation. The file expected is called -genmidi.ld on newer DOS driver install disks and synth.ld on older ones. - -You can also load alternative DSP algorithms into the card if you wish. One -alternative driver can be found at http://www.mpg123.de/ - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS-updates b/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS-updates deleted file mode 100644 index 11914a1dc7e7..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/PSS-updates +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ - This file contains notes for users of PSS sound cards who wish to use the -newly added features of the newest version of this driver. - - The major enhancements present in this new revision of this driver is the -addition of two new module parameters that allow you to take full advantage of -all the features present on your PSS sound card. These features include the -ability to enable both the builtin CDROM and joystick ports. - -pss_enable_joystick - - This parameter is basically a flag. A 0 will leave the joystick port -disabled, while a non-zero value would enable the joystick port. The default -setting is pss_enable_joystick=0 as this keeps this driver fully compatible -with systems that were using previous versions of this driver. If you wish to -enable the joystick port you will have to add pss_enable_joystick=1 as an -argument to the driver. To actually use the joystick port you will then have -to load the joystick driver itself. Just remember to load the joystick driver -AFTER the pss sound driver. - -pss_cdrom_port - - This parameter takes a port address as its parameter. Any available port -address can be specified to enable the CDROM port, except for 0x0 and -1 as -these values would leave the port disabled. Like the joystick port, the cdrom -port will require that an appropriate CDROM driver be loaded before you can make -use of the newly enabled CDROM port. Like the joystick port option above, -remember to load the CDROM driver AFTER the pss sound driver. While it may -differ on some PSS sound cards, all the PSS sound cards that I have seen have a -builtin Wearnes CDROM port. If this is the case with your PSS sound card you -should load aztcd with the appropriate port option that matches the port you -assigned to the CDROM port when you loaded your pss sound driver. (ex. -modprobe pss pss_cdrom_port=0x340 && modprobe aztcd aztcd=0x340) The default -setting of this parameter leaves the CDROM port disabled to maintain full -compatibility with systems using previous versions of this driver. - - Other options have also been added for the added convenience and utility -of the user. These options are only available if this driver is loaded as a -module. - -pss_no_sound - - This module parameter is a flag that can be used to tell the driver to -just configure non-sound components. 0 configures all components, a non-0 -value will only attempt to configure the CDROM and joystick ports. This -parameter can be used by a user who only wished to use the builtin joystick -and/or CDROM port(s) of his PSS sound card. If this driver is loaded with this -parameter and with the parameter below set to true then a user can safely unload -this driver with the following command "rmmod pss && rmmod ad1848 && rmmod -mpu401 && rmmod sound && rmmod soundcore" and retain the full functionality of -his CDROM and/or joystick port(s) while gaining back the memory previously used -by the sound drivers. This default setting of this parameter is 0 to retain -full behavioral compatibility with previous versions of this driver. - -pss_keep_settings - - This parameter can be used to specify whether you want the driver to reset -all emulations whenever its unloaded. This can be useful for those who are -sharing resources (io ports, IRQ's, DMA's) between different ISA cards. This -flag can also be useful in that future versions of this driver may reset all -emulations by default on the driver's unloading (as it probably should), so -specifying it now will ensure that all future versions of this driver will -continue to work as expected. The default value of this parameter is 1 to -retain full behavioral compatibility with previous versions of this driver. - -pss_firmware - - This parameter can be used to specify the file containing the firmware -code so that a user could tell the driver where that file is located instead -of having to put it in a predefined location with a predefined name. The -default setting of this parameter is "/etc/sound/pss_synth" as this was the -path and filename the hardcoded value in the previous versions of this driver. - -Examples: - -# Normal PSS sound card system, loading of drivers. -# Should be specified in an rc file (ex. Slackware uses /etc/rc.d/rc.modules). - -/sbin/modprobe pss pss_io=0x220 mpu_io=0x338 mpu_irq=9 mss_io=0x530 mss_irq=10 mss_dma=1 pss_cdrom_port=0x340 pss_enable_joystick=1 -/sbin/modprobe aztcd aztcd=0x340 -/sbin/modprobe joystick - -# System using the PSS sound card just for its CDROM and joystick ports. -# Should be specified in an rc file (ex. Slackware uses /etc/rc.d/rc.modules). - -/sbin/modprobe pss pss_io=0x220 pss_cdrom_port=0x340 pss_enable_joystick=1 pss_no_sound=1 -/sbin/rmmod pss && /sbin/rmmod ad1848 && /sbin/rmmod mpu401 && /sbin/rmmod sound && /sbin/rmmod soundcore # This line not needed, but saves memory. -/sbin/modprobe aztcd aztcd=0x340 -/sbin/modprobe joystick diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS deleted file mode 100644 index a085ea3611a1..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1455 +0,0 @@ -Introduction ------------- - -This file is a collection of all the old Readme files distributed with -OSS/Lite by Hannu Savolainen. Since the new Linux sound driver is founded -on it I think these information may still be interesting for users that -have to configure their sound system. - -Be warned: Alan Cox is the current maintainer of the Linux sound driver so if -you have problems with it, please contact him or the current device-specific -driver maintainer (e.g. for aedsp16 specific problems contact me). If you have -patches, contributions or suggestions send them to Alan: I'm sure they are -welcome. - -In this document you will find a lot of references about OSS/Lite or ossfree: -they are gone forever. Keeping this in mind and with a grain of salt this -document can be still interesting and very helpful. - -[ File edited 17.01.1999 - Riccardo Facchetti ] -[ Edited miroSOUND section 19.04.2001 - Robert Siemer ] - -OSS/Free version 3.8 release notes ----------------------------------- - -Please read the SOUND-HOWTO (available from sunsite.unc.edu and other Linux FTP -sites). It gives instructions about using sound with Linux. It's bit out of -date but still very useful. Information about bug fixes and such things -is available from the web page (see above). - -Please check http://www.opensound.com/pguide for more info about programming -with OSS API. - - ==================================================== -- THIS VERSION ____REQUIRES____ Linux 2.1.57 OR LATER. - ==================================================== - -Packages "snd-util-3.8.tar.gz" and "snd-data-0.1.tar.Z" -contain useful utilities to be used with this driver. -See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/ for -download instructions. - -If you are looking for the installation instructions, please -look forward into this document. - -Supported sound cards ---------------------- - -See below. - -Contributors ------------- - -This driver contains code by several contributors. In addition several other -persons have given useful suggestions. The following is a list of major -contributors. (I could have forgotten some names.) - - Craig Metz 1/2 of the PAS16 Mixer and PCM support - Rob Hooft Volume computation algorithm for the FM synth. - Mika Liljeberg uLaw encoding and decoding routines - Jeff Tranter Linux SOUND HOWTO document - Greg Lee Volume computation algorithm for the GUS and - lots of valuable suggestions. - Andy Warner ISC port - Jim Lowe, - Amancio Hasty Jr FreeBSD/NetBSD port - Anders Baekgaard Bug hunting and valuable suggestions. - Joerg Schubert SB16 DSP support (initial version). - Andrew Robinson Improvements to the GUS driver - Megens SA MIDI recording for SB and SB Pro (initial version). - Mikael Nordqvist Linear volume support for GUS and - nonblocking /dev/sequencer. - Ian Hartas SVR4.2 port - Markus Aroharju and - Risto Kankkunen Major contributions to the mixer support - of GUS v3.7. - Hunyue Yau Mixer support for SG NX Pro. - Marc Hoffman PSS support (initial version). - Rainer Vranken Initialization for Jazz16 (initial version). - Peter Trattler Initial version of loadable module support for Linux. - JRA Gibson 16 bit mode for Jazz16 (initial version) - Davor Jadrijevic MAD16 support (initial version) - Gregor Hoffleit Mozart support (initial version) - Riccardo Facchetti Audio Excel DSP 16 (aedsp16) support - James Hightower Spotting a tiny but important bug in CS423x support. - Denis Sablic OPTi 82C924 specific enhancements (non PnP mode) - Tim MacKenzie Full duplex support for OPTi 82C930. - - Please look at lowlevel/README for more contributors. - -There are probably many other names missing. If you have sent me some -patches and your name is not in the above list, please inform me. - -Sending your contributions or patches -------------------------------------- - -First of all it's highly recommended to contact me before sending anything -or before even starting to do any work. Tell me what you suggest to be -changed or what you have planned to do. Also ensure you are using the -very latest (development) version of OSS/Free since the change may already be -implemented there. In general it's a major waste of time to try to improve a -several months old version. Information about the latest version can be found -from http://www.opensound.com/ossfree. In general there is no point in -sending me patches relative to production kernels. - -Sponsors etc. -------------- - -The following companies have greatly helped development of this driver -in form of a free copy of their product: - -Novell, Inc. UnixWare personal edition + SDK -The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. A SCO OpenServer + SDK -Ensoniq Corp, a SoundScape card and extensive amount of assistance -MediaTrix Peripherals Inc, a AudioTrix Pro card + SDK -Acer, Inc. a pair of AcerMagic S23 cards. - -In addition the following companies have provided me sufficient amount -of technical information at least some of their products (free or $$$): - -Advanced Gravis Computer Technology Ltd. -Media Vision Inc. -Analog Devices Inc. -Logitech Inc. -Aztech Labs Inc. -Crystal Semiconductor Corporation, -Integrated Circuit Systems Inc. -OAK Technology -OPTi -Turtle Beach -miro -Ad Lib Inc. ($$) -Music Quest Inc. ($$) -Creative Labs ($$$) - -If you have some problems -========================= - -Read the sound HOWTO (sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/...?). -Also look at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). It may -contain info about some recent bug fixes. - -It's likely that you have some problems when trying to use the sound driver -first time. Sound cards don't have standard configuration so there are no -good default configuration to use. Please try to use same I/O, DMA and IRQ -values for the sound card than with DOS. - -If you get an error message when trying to use the driver, please look -at /var/adm/messages for more verbose error message. - - -The following errors are likely with /dev/dsp and /dev/audio. - - - "No such device or address". - This error indicates that there are no suitable hardware for the - device file or the sound driver has been compiled without support for - this particular device. For example /dev/audio and /dev/dsp will not - work if "digitized voice support" was not enabled during "make config". - - - "Device or resource busy". Probably the IRQ (or DMA) channel - required by the sound card is in use by some other device/driver. - - - "I/O error". Almost certainly (99%) it's an IRQ or DMA conflict. - Look at the kernel messages in /var/adm/notice for more info. - - - "Invalid argument". The application is calling ioctl() - with impossible parameters. Check that the application is - for sound driver version 2.X or later. - -Linux installation -================== - -IMPORTANT! Read this if you are installing a separately - distributed version of this driver. - - Check that your kernel version works with this - release of the driver (see Readme). Also verify - that your current kernel version doesn't have more - recent sound driver version than this one. IT'S HIGHLY - RECOMMENDED THAT YOU USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION THAT - IS DISTRIBUTED WITH KERNEL SOURCES. - -- When installing separately distributed sound driver you should first - read the above notice. Then try to find proper directory where and how - to install the driver sources. You should not try to install a separately - distributed driver version if you are not able to find the proper way - yourself (in this case use the version that is distributed with kernel - sources). Remove old version of linux/drivers/sound directory before - installing new files. - -- To build the device files you need to run the enclosed shell script - (see below). You need to do this only when installing sound driver - first time or when upgrading to much recent version than the earlier - one. - -- Configure and compile Linux as normally (remember to include the - sound support during "make config"). Please refer to kernel documentation - for instructions about configuring and compiling kernel. File Readme.cards - contains card specific instructions for configuring this driver for - use with various sound cards. - -Boot time configuration (using lilo and insmod) ------------------------------------------------ - -This information has been removed. Too many users didn't believe -that it's really not necessary to use this method. Please look at -Readme of sound driver version 3.0.1 if you still want to use this method. - -Problems --------- - -Common error messages: - -- /dev/???????: No such file or directory. -Run the script at the end of this file. - -- /dev/???????: No such device. -You are not running kernel which contains the sound driver. When using -modularized sound driver this error means that the sound driver is not -loaded. - -- /dev/????: No such device or address. -Sound driver didn't detect suitable card when initializing. Please look at -Readme.cards for info about configuring the driver with your card. Also -check for possible boot (insmod) time error messages in /var/adm/messages. - -- Other messages or problems -Please check http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for more info. - -Configuring version 3.8 (for Linux) with some common sound cards -================================================================ - -This document describes configuring sound cards with the freeware version of -Open Sound Systems (OSS/Free). Information about the commercial version -(OSS/Linux) and its configuration is available from -http://www.opensound.com/linux.html. Information presented here is -not valid for OSS/Linux. - -If you are unsure about how to configure OSS/Free -you can download the free evaluation version of OSS/Linux from the above -address. There is a chance that it can autodetect your sound card. In this case -you can use the information included in soundon.log when configuring OSS/Free. - - -IMPORTANT! This document covers only cards that were "known" when - this driver version was released. Please look at - http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for info about - cards introduced recently. - - When configuring the sound driver, you should carefully - check each sound configuration option (particularly - "Support for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio"). The default values - offered by these programs are not necessarily valid. - - -THE BIGGEST MISTAKES YOU CAN MAKE -================================= - -1. Assuming that the card is Sound Blaster compatible when it's not. --------------------------------------------------------------------- - -The number one mistake is to assume that your card is compatible with -Sound Blaster. Only the cards made by Creative Technology or which have -one or more chips labeled by Creative are SB compatible. In addition there -are few sound chipsets which are SB compatible in Linux such as ESS1688 or -Jazz16. Note that SB compatibility in DOS/Windows does _NOT_ mean anything -in Linux. - -IF YOU REALLY ARE 150% SURE YOU HAVE A SOUND BLASTER YOU CAN SKIP THE REST OF -THIS CHAPTER. - -For most other "supposed to be SB compatible" cards you have to use other -than SB drivers (see below). It is possible to get most sound cards to work -in SB mode but in general it's a complete waste of time. There are several -problems which you will encounter by using SB mode with cards that are not -truly SB compatible: - -- The SB emulation is at most SB Pro (DSP version 3.x) which means that -you get only 8 bit audio (there is always an another ("native") mode which -gives the 16 bit capability). The 8 bit only operation is the reason why -many users claim that sound quality in Linux is much worse than in DOS. -In addition some applications require 16 bit mode and they produce just -noise with a 8 bit only device. -- The card may work only in some cases but refuse to work most of the -time. The SB compatible mode always requires special initialization which is -done by the DOS/Windows drivers. This kind of cards work in Linux after -you have warm booted it after DOS but they don't work after cold boot -(power on or reset). -- You get the famous "DMA timed out" messages. Usually all SB clones have -software selectable IRQ and DMA settings. If the (power on default) values -currently used by the card don't match configuration of the driver you will -get the above error message whenever you try to record or play. There are -few other reasons to the DMA timeout message but using the SB mode seems -to be the most common cause. - -2. Trying to use a PnP (Plug & Play) card just like an ordinary sound card --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Plug & Play is a protocol defined by Intel and Microsoft. It lets operating -systems to easily identify and reconfigure I/O ports, IRQs and DMAs of ISA -cards. The problem with PnP cards is that the standard Linux doesn't currently -(versions 2.1.x and earlier) don't support PnP. This means that you will have -to use some special tricks (see later) to get a PnP card alive. Many PnP cards -work after they have been initialized but this is not always the case. - -There are sometimes both PnP and non-PnP versions of the same sound card. -The non-PnP version is the original model which usually has been discontinued -more than an year ago. The PnP version has the same name but with "PnP" -appended to it (sometimes not). This causes major confusion since the non-PnP -model works with Linux but the PnP one doesn't. - -You should carefully check if "Plug & Play" or "PnP" is mentioned in the name -of the card or in the documentation or package that came with the card. -Everything described in the rest of this document is not necessarily valid for -PnP models of sound cards even you have managed to wake up the card properly. -Many PnP cards are simply too different from their non-PnP ancestors which are -covered by this document. - - -Cards that are not (fully) supported by this driver -=================================================== - -See http://www.opensound.com/ossfree for information about sound cards -to be supported in future. - - -How to use sound without recompiling kernel and/or sound driver -=============================================================== - -There is a commercial sound driver which comes in precompiled form and doesn't -require recompiling of the kernel. See http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for -more info. - - -Configuring PnP cards -===================== - -New versions of most sound cards use the so-called ISA PnP protocol for -soft configuring their I/O, IRQ, DMA and shared memory resources. -Currently at least cards made by Creative Technology (SB32 and SB32AWE -PnP), Gravis (GUS PnP and GUS PnP Pro), Ensoniq (Soundscape PnP) and -Aztech (some Sound Galaxy models) use PnP technology. The CS4232/4236 audio -chip by Crystal Semiconductor (Intel Atlantis, HP Pavilion and many other -motherboards) is also based on PnP technology but there is a "native" driver -available for it (see information about CS4232 later in this document). - -PnP sound cards (as well as most other PnP ISA cards) are not supported -by this version of the driver . Proper -support for them should be released during 97 once the kernel level -PnP support is available. - -There is a method to get most of the PnP cards to work. The basic method -is the following: - -1) Boot DOS so the card's DOS drivers have a chance to initialize it. -2) _Cold_ boot to Linux by using "loadlin.exe". Hitting ctrl-alt-del -works with older machines but causes a hard reset of all cards on recent -(Pentium) machines. -3) If you have the sound driver in Linux configured properly, the card should -work now. "Proper" means that I/O, IRQ and DMA settings are the same as in -DOS. The hard part is to find which settings were used. See the documentation of -your card for more info. - -Windows 95 could work as well as DOS but running loadlin may be difficult. -Probably you should "shut down" your machine to MS-DOS mode before running it. - -Some machines have a BIOS utility for setting PnP resources. This is a good -way to configure some cards. In this case you don't need to boot DOS/Win95 -before starting Linux. - -Another way to initialize PnP cards without DOS/Win95 is a Linux based -PnP isolation tool. When writing this there is a pre alpha test version -of such a tool available from ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils. The -file is called isapnptools-*. Please note that this tool is just a temporary -solution which may be incompatible with future kernel versions having proper -support for PnP cards. There are bugs in setting DMA channels in earlier -versions of isapnptools so at least version 1.6 is required with sound cards. - -Yet another way to use PnP cards is to use (commercial) OSS/Linux drivers. See -http://www.opensound.com/linux.html for more info. This is probably the way you -should do it if you don't want to spend time recompiling the kernel and -required tools. - - -Read this before trying to configure the driver -=============================================== - -There are currently many cards that work with this driver. Some of the cards -have native support while others work since they emulate some other -card (usually SB, MSS/WSS and/or MPU401). The following cards have native -support in the driver. Detailed instructions for configuring these cards -will be given later in this document. - -Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles: - Pro Audio Spectrum 16 - Pro Audio Studio 16 - Logitech Sound Man 16 - NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not - and will not be supported by the driver. - -Media Vision Jazz16 based cards - Pro Sonic 16 - Logitech SoundMan Wave - (Other Jazz based cards should work but I don't have any reports - about them). - -Sound Blasters - SB 1.0 to 2.0 - SB Pro - SB 16 - SB32/64/AWE - Configure SB32/64/AWE just like SB16. See lowlevel/README.awe - for information about using the wave table synth. - NOTE! AWE63/Gold and 16/32/AWE "PnP" cards need to be activated - using isapnptools before they work with OSS/Free. - SB16 compatible cards by other manufacturers than Creative. - You have been fooled since there are _no_ SB16 compatible - cards on the market (as of May 1997). It's likely that your card - is compatible just with SB Pro but there is also a non-SB- - compatible 16 bit mode. Usually it's MSS/WSS but it could also - be a proprietary one like MV Jazz16 or ESS ES688. OPTi - MAD16 chips are very common in so called "SB 16 bit cards" - (try with the MAD16 driver). - - ====================================================================== - "Supposed to be SB compatible" cards. - Forget the SB compatibility and check for other alternatives - first. The only cards that work with the SB driver in - Linux have been made by Creative Technology (there is at least - one chip on the card with "CREATIVE" printed on it). The - only other SB compatible chips are ESS and Jazz16 chips - (maybe ALSxxx chips too but they probably don't work). - Most other "16 bit SB compatible" cards such as "OPTi/MAD16" or - "Crystal" are _NOT_ SB compatible in Linux. - - Practically all sound cards have some kind of SB emulation mode - in addition to their native (16 bit) mode. In most cases this - (8 bit only) SB compatible mode doesn't work with Linux. If - you get it working it may cause problems with games and - applications which require 16 bit audio. Some 16 bit only - applications don't check if the card actually supports 16 bits. - They just dump 16 bit data to a 8 bit card which produces just - noise. - - In most cases the 16 bit native mode is supported by Linux. - Use the SB mode with "clones" only if you don't find anything - better from the rest of this doc. - ====================================================================== - -Gravis Ultrasound (GUS) - GUS - GUS + the 16 bit option - GUS MAX - GUS ACE (No MIDI port and audio recording) - GUS PnP (with RAM) - -MPU-401 and compatibles - The driver works both with the full (intelligent mode) MPU-401 - cards (such as MPU IPC-T and MQX-32M) and with the UART only - dumb MIDI ports. MPU-401 is currently the most common MIDI - interface. Most sound cards are compatible with it. However, - don't enable MPU401 mode blindly. Many cards with native support - in the driver have their own MPU401 driver. Enabling the standard one - will cause a conflict with these cards. So check if your card is - in the list of supported cards before enabling MPU401. - -Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS) - Even when Microsoft has discontinued their own Sound System card - they managed to make it a standard. MSS compatible cards are based on - a codec chip which is easily available from at least two manufacturers - (AD1848 by Analog Devices and CS4231/CS4248 by Crystal Semiconductor). - Currently most sound cards are based on one of the MSS compatible codec - chips. The CS4231 is used in the high quality cards such as GUS MAX, - MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro and TB Tropez (GUS MAX is not MSS compatible). - - Having a AD1848, CS4248 or CS4231 codec chip on the card is a good - sign. Even if the card is not MSS compatible, it could be easy to write - support for it. Note also that most MSS compatible cards - require special boot time initialization which may not be present - in the driver. Also, some MSS compatible cards have native support. - Enabling the MSS support with these cards is likely to - cause a conflict. So check if your card is listed in this file before - enabling the MSS support. - -Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 (not OPL3-SA) and OPL4) - Most sound cards have a FM synthesizer chip. The OPL2 is a 2 - operator chip used in the original AdLib card. Currently it's used - only in the cheapest (8 bit mono) cards. The OPL3 is a 4 operator - FM chip which provides better sound quality and/or more available - voices than the OPL2. The OPL4 is a new chip that has an OPL3 and - a wave table synthesizer packed onto the same chip. The driver supports - just the OPL3 mode directly. Most cards with an OPL4 (like - SM Wave and AudioTrix Pro) support the OPL4 mode using MPU401 - emulation. Writing a native OPL4 support is difficult - since Yamaha doesn't give information about their sample ROM chip. - - Enable the generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support if your - card has a FM chip made by Yamaha. Don't enable it if your card - has a software (TRS) based FM emulator. - - ---------------------------------------------------------------- - NOTE! OPL3-SA is different chip than the ordinary OPL3. In addition - to the FM synth this chip has also digital audio (WSS) and - MIDI (MPU401) capabilities. Support for OPL3-SA is described below. - ---------------------------------------------------------------- - -Yamaha OPL3-SA1 - - Yamaha OPL3-SA1 (YMF701) is an audio controller chip used on some - (Intel) motherboards and on cheap sound cards. It should not be - confused with the original OPL3 chip (YMF278) which is entirely - different chip. OPL3-SA1 has support for MSS, MPU401 and SB Pro - (not used in OSS/Free) in addition to the OPL3 FM synth. - - There are also chips called OPL3-SA2, OPL3-SA3, ..., OPL3SA-N. They - are PnP chips and will not work with the OPL3-SA1 driver. You should - use the standard MSS, MPU401 and OPL3 options with these chips and to - activate the card using isapnptools. - -4Front Technologies SoftOSS - - SoftOSS is a software based wave table emulation which works with - any 16 bit stereo sound card. Due to its nature a fast CPU is - required (P133 is minimum). Although SoftOSS does _not_ use MMX - instructions it has proven out that recent processors (which appear - to have MMX) perform significantly better with SoftOSS than earlier - ones. For example a P166MMX beats a PPro200. SoftOSS should not be used - on 486 or 386 machines. - - The amount of CPU load caused by SoftOSS can be controlled by - selecting the CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE and CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES - parameters properly (they will be prompted by make config). It's - recommended to set CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES to 32. If you have a - P166MMX or faster (PPro200 is not faster) you can set - CONFIG_SOFTOSS_RATE to 44100 (kHz). However with slower systems it - recommended to use sampling rates around 22050 or even 16000 kHz. - Selecting too high values for these parameters may hang your - system when playing MIDI files with hight degree of polyphony - (number of concurrently playing notes). It's also possible to - decrease CONFIG_SOFTOSS_VOICES. This makes it possible to use - higher sampling rates. However using fewer voices decreases - playback quality more than decreasing the sampling rate. - - SoftOSS keeps the samples loaded on the system's RAM so much RAM is - required. SoftOSS should never be used on machines with less than 16 MB - of RAM since this is potentially dangerous (you may accidentally run out - of memory which probably crashes the machine). - - SoftOSS implements the wave table API originally designed for GUS. For - this reason all applications designed for GUS should work (at least - after minor modifications). For example gmod/xgmod and playmidi -g are - known to work. - - To work SoftOSS will require GUS compatible - patch files to be installed on the system (in /dos/ultrasnd/midi). You - can use the public domain MIDIA patchset available from several ftp - sites. - - ********************************************************************* - IMPORTANT NOTICE! The original patch set distributed with the Gravis - Ultrasound card is not in public domain (even though it's available from - some FTP sites). You should contact Voice Crystal (www.voicecrystal.com) - if you like to use these patches with SoftOSS included in OSS/Free. - ********************************************************************* - -PSS based cards (AD1848 + ADSP-2115 + Echo ESC614 ASIC) - Analog Devices and Echo Speech have together defined a sound card - architecture based on the above chips. The DSP chip is used - for emulation of SB Pro, FM and General MIDI/MT32. - - There are several cards based on this architecture. The most known - ones are Orchid SW32 and Cardinal DSP16. - - The driver supports downloading DSP algorithms to these cards. - - NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring - PSS cards. - -MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro - The ATP card is built around a CS4231 codec and an OPL4 synthesizer - chips. The OPL4 mode is supported by a microcontroller running a - General MIDI emulator. There is also a SB 1.5 compatible playback mode. - -Ensoniq SoundScape and compatibles - Ensoniq has designed a sound card architecture based on the - OTTO synthesizer chip used in their professional MIDI synthesizers. - Several companies (including Ensoniq, Reveal and Spea) are selling - cards based on this architecture. - - NOTE! The SoundScape PnP is not supported by OSS/Free. Ensoniq VIVO and - VIVO90 cards are not compatible with Soundscapes so the Soundscape - driver will not work with them. You may want to use OSS/Linux with these - cards. - -OPTi MAD16 and Mozart based cards - The Mozart (OAK OTI-601), MAD16 (OPTi 82C928), MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929), - OPTi 82C924/82C925 (in _non_ PnP mode) and OPTi 82C930 interface - chips are used in many different sound cards, including some - cards by Reveal miro and Turtle Beach (Tropez). The purpose of these - chips is to connect other audio components to the PC bus. The - interface chip performs address decoding for the other chips. - NOTE! Tropez Plus is not MAD16 but CS4232 based. - NOTE! MAD16 PnP cards (82C924, 82C925, 82C931) are not MAD16 compatible - in the PnP mode. You will have to use them in MSS mode after having - initialized them using isapnptools or DOS. 82C931 probably requires - initialization using DOS/Windows (running isapnptools is not enough). - It's possible to use 82C931 with OSS/Free by jumpering it to non-PnP - mode (provided that the card has a jumper for this). In non-PnP mode - 82C931 is compatible with 82C930 and should work with the MAD16 driver - (without need to use isapnptools or DOS to initialize it). All OPTi - chips are supported by OSS/Linux (both in PnP and non-PnP modes). - -Audio Excel DSP16 - Support for this card was written by Riccardo Faccetti - (riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it). The AEDSP16 driver included in - the lowlevel/ directory. To use it you should enable the - "Additional low level drivers" option. - -Crystal CS4232 and CS4236 based cards such as AcerMagic S23, TB Tropez _Plus_ and - many PC motherboards (Compaq, HP, Intel, ...) - CS4232 is a PnP multimedia chip which contains a CS3231A codec, - SB and MPU401 emulations. There is support for OPL3 too. - Unfortunately the MPU401 mode doesn't work (I don't know how to - initialize it). CS4236 is an enhanced (compatible) version of CS4232. - NOTE! Don't ever try to use isapnptools with CS4232 since this will just - freeze your machine (due to chip bugs). If you have problems in getting - CS4232 working you could try initializing it with DOS (CS4232C.EXE) and - then booting Linux using loadlin. CS4232C.EXE loads a secret firmware - patch which is not documented by Crystal. - -Turtle Beach Maui and Tropez "classic" - This driver version supports sample, patch and program loading commands - described in the Maui/Tropez User's manual. - There is now full initialization support too. The audio side of - the Tropez is based on the MAD16 chip (see above). - NOTE! Tropez Plus is different card than Tropez "classic" and will not - work fully in Linux. You can get audio features working by configuring - the card as a CS4232 based card (above). - - -Jumpers and software configuration -================================== - -Some of the earliest sound cards were jumper configurable. You have to -configure the driver use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings -that match the jumpers. Just few 8 bit cards are fully jumper -configurable (SB 1.x/2.x, SB Pro and clones). -Some cards made by Aztech have an EEPROM which contains the -config info. These cards behave much like hardware jumpered cards. - -Most cards have jumper for the base I/O address but other parameters -are software configurable. Sometimes there are few other jumpers too. - -Latest cards are fully software configurable or they are PnP ISA -compatible. There are no jumpers on the board. - -The driver handles software configurable cards automatically. Just configure -the driver to use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings which are known to work. -You could usually use the same values than with DOS and/or Windows. -Using different settings is possible but not recommended since it may cause -some trouble (for example when warm booting from an OS to another or -when installing new hardware to the machine). - -Sound driver sets the soft configurable parameters of the card automatically -during boot. Usually you don't need to run any extra initialization -programs when booting Linux but there are some exceptions. See the -card-specific instructions below for more info. - -The drawback of software configuration is that the driver needs to know -how the card must be initialized. It cannot initialize unknown cards -even if they are otherwise compatible with some other cards (like SB, -MPU401 or Windows Sound System). - - -What if your card was not listed above? -======================================= - -The first thing to do is to look at the major IC chips on the card. -Many of the latest sound cards are based on some standard chips. If you -are lucky, all of them could be supported by the driver. The most common ones -are the OPTi MAD16, Mozart, SoundScape (Ensoniq) and the PSS architectures -listed above. Also look at the end of this file for list of unsupported -cards and the ones which could be supported later. - -The last resort is to send _exact_ name and model information of the card -to me together with a list of the major IC chips (manufactured, model) to -me. I could then try to check if your card looks like something familiar. - -There are many more cards in the world than listed above. The first thing to -do with these cards is to check if they emulate some other card or interface -such as SB, MSS and/or MPU401. In this case there is a chance to get the -card to work by booting DOS before starting Linux (boot DOS, hit ctrl-alt-del -and boot Linux without hard resetting the machine). In this method the -DOS based driver initializes the hardware to use known I/O, IRQ and DMA -settings. If sound driver is configured to use the same settings, everything -should work OK. - - -Configuring sound driver (with Linux) -===================================== - -The sound driver is currently distributed as part of the Linux kernel. The -files are in /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound/. - -**************************************************************************** -* ALWAYS USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED WITH * -* THE KERNEL SOURCE PACKAGE YOU ARE USING. SOME ALPHA AND BETA TEST * -* VERSIONS CAN BE INSTALLED FROM A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED PACKAGE * -* BUT CHECK THAT THE PACKAGE IS NOT MUCH OLDER (OR NEWER) THAN THE * -* KERNEL YOU ARE USING. IT'S POSSIBLE THAT THE KERNEL/DRIVER * -* INTERFACE CHANGES BETWEEN KERNEL RELEASES WHICH MAY CAUSE SOME * -* INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS. * -* * -* IN CASE YOU INSTALL A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED SOUND DRIVER VERSION, * -* BE SURE TO REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD SOUND DRIVER DIRECTORY BEFORE * -* INSTALLING THE NEW ONE. LEAVING OLD FILES TO THE SOUND DRIVER * -* DIRECTORY _WILL_ CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN THE DRIVER IS USED OR * -* COMPILED. * -**************************************************************************** - -To configure the driver, run "make config" in the kernel source directory -(/usr/src/linux). Answer "y" or "m" to the question about Sound card support -(after the questions about mouse, CD-ROM, ftape, etc. support). Questions -about options for sound will then be asked. - -After configuring the kernel and sound driver and compile the kernel -following instructions in the kernel README. - -The sound driver configuration dialog -------------------------------------- - -Sound configuration starts by making some yes/no questions. Be careful -when answering to these questions since answering y to a question may -prevent some later ones from being asked. For example don't answer y to -the first question (PAS16) if you don't really have a PAS16. Don't enable -more cards than you really need since they just consume memory. Also -some drivers (like MPU401) may conflict with your SCSI controller and -prevent kernel from booting. If you card was in the list of supported -cards (above), please look at the card specific config instructions -(later in this file) before starting to configure. Some cards must be -configured in way which is not obvious. - -So here is the beginning of the config dialog. Answer 'y' or 'n' to these -questions. The default answer is shown so that (y/n) means 'y' by default and -(n/y) means 'n'. To use the default value, just hit ENTER. But be careful -since using the default _doesn't_ guarantee anything. - -Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program -may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also -select some options automatically as well. - - "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support", - - Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_, - Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that - you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you - have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they - are not PAS16 compatible. - NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question) - if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to - the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16 - (there is another question about this that is asked later). - "Sound Blaster support", - - Answer 'y' if you have an original SB card made by Creative Labs - or a full 100% hardware compatible clone (like Thunderboard or - SM Games). If your card was in the list of supported cards (above), - please look at the card specific instructions later in this file - before answering this question. For an unknown card you may answer - 'y' if the card claims to be SB compatible. - Enable this option also with PAS16 (changed since v3.5-beta9). - - Don't enable SB if you have a MAD16 or Mozart compatible card. - - "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support", - - Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4). - Answering 'y' is usually a safe and recommended choice. However some - cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support - with these cards may cause trouble. However I don't currently know - such cards. - "Gravis Ultrasound support", - - Answer 'y' if you have GUS or GUS MAX. Answer 'n' if you don't - have GUS since the GUS driver consumes much memory. - Currently I don't have experiences with the GUS ACE so I don't - know what to answer with it. - "MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)", - - Be careful with this question. The MPU401 interface is supported - by almost any sound card today. However some natively supported cards - have their own driver for MPU401. Enabling the MPU401 option with - these cards will cause a conflict. Also enabling MPU401 on a system - that doesn't really have a MPU401 could cause some trouble. If your - card was in the list of supported cards (above), please look at - the card specific instructions later in this file. - - In MOST cases this MPU401 driver should only be used with "true" - MIDI-only MPU401 professional cards. In most other cases there - is another way to get the MPU401 compatible interface of a - sound card to work. - Support for the MPU401 compatible MIDI port of SB16, ESS1688 - and MV Jazz16 cards is included in the SB driver. Use it instead - of this separate MPU401 driver with these cards. As well - Soundscape, PSS and Maui drivers include their own MPU401 - options. - - It's safe to answer 'y' if you have a true MPU401 MIDI interface - card. - "6850 UART Midi support", - - It's safe to answer 'n' to this question in all cases. The 6850 - UART interface is so rarely used. - "PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support", - - Answer 'y' only if you have Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 or some - other card based on the PSS chipset (AD1848 codec + ADSP-2115 - DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP). - "16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)", - - Answer 'y' if you have installed the 16 bit sampling daughtercard - to your GUS. Answer 'n' if you have GUS MAX. Enabling this option - disables GUS MAX support. - "GUS MAX support", - - Answer 'y' only if you have a GUS MAX. - "Microsoft Sound System support", - - Again think carefully before answering 'y' to this question. It's - safe to answer 'y' in case you have the original Windows Sound - System card made by Microsoft or Aztech SG 16 Pro (or NX16 Pro). - Also you may answer 'y' in case your card was not listed earlier - in this file. For cards having native support in the driver, consult - the card specific instructions later in this file. Some drivers - have their own MSS support and enabling this option will cause a - conflict. - Note! The MSS driver permits configuring two DMA channels. This is a - "nonstandard" feature and works only with very few cards (if any). - In most cases the second DMA channel should be disabled or set to - the same channel than the first one. Trying to configure two separate - channels with cards that don't support this feature will prevent - audio (at least recording) from working. - "Ensoniq Soundscape support", - - Answer 'y' if you have a sound card based on the Ensoniq SoundScape - chipset. Such cards are being manufactured at least by Ensoniq, - Spea and Reveal (note that Reveal makes other cards also). The oldest - cards made by Spea don't work properly with Linux. - Soundscape PnP as well as Ensoniq VIVO work only with the commercial - OSS/Linux version. - "MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support", - - Answer 'y' if you have the AudioTrix Pro. - "Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards", - - Answer y if your card has a Mozart (OAK OTI-601) or MAD16 - (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C924/82C925 or 82C930) audio interface chip. - These chips are - currently quite common so it's possible that many no-name cards - have one of them. In addition the MAD16 chip is used in some - cards made by known manufacturers such as Turtle Beach (Tropez), - Reveal (some models) and Diamond (some recent models). - Note OPTi 82C924 and 82C925 are MAD16 compatible only in non PnP - mode (jumper selectable on many cards). - "Support for TB Maui" - - This enables TB Maui specific initialization. Works with TB Maui - and TB Tropez (may not work with Tropez Plus). - - -Then the configuration program asks some y/n questions about the higher -level services. It's recommended to answer 'y' to each of these questions. -Answer 'n' only if you know you will not need the option. - - "MIDI interface support", - - Answering 'n' disables /dev/midi## devices and access to any - MIDI ports using /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. This option - also affects any MPU401 and/or General MIDI compatible devices. - "FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support", - - Answer 'y' here. - "/dev/sequencer support", - - Answering 'n' disables /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. - -Entering the I/O, IRQ and DMA config parameters ------------------------------------------------ - -After the above questions the configuration program prompts for the -card specific configuration information. Usually just a set of -I/O address, IRQ and DMA numbers are asked. With some cards the program -asks for some files to be used during initialization of the card. For example -many cards have a DSP chip or microprocessor which must be initialized by -downloading a program (microcode) file to the card. - -Instructions for answering these questions are given in the next section. - - -Card specific information -========================= - -This section gives additional instructions about configuring some cards. -Please refer manual of your card for valid I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers. Using -the same settings with DOS/Windows and Linux is recommended. Using -different values could cause some problems when switching between -different operating systems. - -Sound Blasters (the original ones by Creative) ---------------------------------------------- - -NOTE! Check if you have a PnP Sound Blaster (cards sold after summer 1995 - are almost certainly PnP ones). With PnP cards you should use isapnptools - to activate them (see above). - -It's possible to configure these cards to use different I/O, IRQ and -DMA settings. Since the possible/default settings have changed between various -models, you have to consult manual of your card for the proper ones. It's -a good idea to use the same values than with DOS/Windows. With SB and SB Pro -it's the only choice. SB16 has software selectable IRQ and DMA channels but -using different values with DOS and Linux is likely to cause troubles. The -DOS driver is not able to reset the card properly after warm boot from Linux -if Linux has used different IRQ or DMA values. - -The original (steam) Sound Blaster (versions 1.x and 2.x) use always -DMA1. There is no way to change it. - -The SB16 needs two DMA channels. A 8 bit one (1 or 3) is required for -8 bit operation and a 16 bit one (5, 6 or 7) for the 16 bit mode. In theory -it's possible to use just one (8 bit) DMA channel by answering the 8 bit -one when the configuration program asks for the 16 bit one. This may work -in some systems but is likely to cause terrible noise on some other systems. - -It's possible to use two SB16/32/64 at the same time. To do this you should -first configure OSS/Free for one card. Then edit local.h manually and define -SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA and SB2_DMA2 for the second one. You can't get -the OPL3, MIDI and EMU8000 devices of the second card to work. If you are -going to use two PnP Sound Blasters, ensure that they are of different model -and have different PnP IDs. There is no way to get two cards with the same -card ID and serial number to work. The easiest way to check this is trying -if isapnptools can see both cards or just one. - -NOTE! Don't enable the SM Games option (asked by the configuration program) - if you are not 101% sure that your card is a Logitech Soundman Games - (not a SM Wave or SM16). - -SB Clones ---------- - -First of all: There are no SB16 clones. There are SB Pro clones with a -16 bit mode which is not SB16 compatible. The most likely alternative is that -the 16 bit mode means MSS/WSS. - -There are just a few fully 100% hardware SB or SB Pro compatible cards. -I know just Thunderboard and SM Games. Other cards require some kind of -hardware initialization before they become SB compatible. Check if your card -was listed in the beginning of this file. In this case you should follow -instructions for your card later in this file. - -For other not fully SB clones you may try initialization using DOS in -the following way: - - - Boot DOS so that the card specific driver gets run. - - Hit ctrl-alt-del (or use loadlin) to boot Linux. Don't - switch off power or press the reset button. - - If you use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA settings in Linux, the - card should work. - -If your card is both SB and MSS compatible, I recommend using the MSS mode. -Most cards of this kind are not able to work in the SB and the MSS mode -simultaneously. Using the MSS mode provides 16 bit recording and playback. - -ProAudioSpectrum 16 and compatibles ------------------------------------ - -PAS16 has a SB emulation chip which can be used together with the native -(16 bit) mode of the card. To enable this emulation you should configure -the driver to have SB support too (this has been changed since version -3.5-beta9 of this driver). - -With current driver versions it's also possible to use PAS16 together with -another SB compatible card. In this case you should configure SB support -for the other card and to disable the SB emulation of PAS16 (there is a -separate questions about this). - -With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and -/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and -/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only). - -Gravis Ultrasound ------------------ - -There are many different revisions of the Ultrasound card (GUS). The -earliest ones (pre 3.7) don't have a hardware mixer. With these cards -the driver uses a software emulation for synth and pcm playbacks. It's -also possible to switch some of the inputs (line in, mic) off by setting -mixer volume of the channel level below 10%. For recording you have -to select the channel as a recording source and to use volume above 10%. - -GUS 3.7 has a hardware mixer. - -GUS MAX and the 16 bit sampling daughtercard have a CS4231 codec chip which -also contains a mixer. - -Configuring GUS is simple. Just enable the GUS support and GUS MAX or -the 16 bit daughtercard if you have them. Note that enabling the daughter -card disables GUS MAX driver. - -NOTE for owners of the 16 bit daughtercard: By default the daughtercard -uses /dev/dsp (and /dev/audio). Command "ln -sf /dev/dsp1 /dev/dsp" -selects the daughter card as the default device. - -With just the standard GUS enabled the configuration program prompts -for the I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers for the card. Use the same values than -with DOS. - -With the daughter card option enabled you will be prompted for the I/O, -IRQ and DMA numbers for the daughter card. You have to use different I/O -and DMA values than for the standard GUS. The daughter card permits -simultaneous recording and playback. Use /dev/dsp (the daughtercard) for -recording and /dev/dsp1 (GUS GF1) for playback. - -GUS MAX uses the same I/O address and IRQ settings than the original GUS -(GUS MAX = GUS + a CS4231 codec). In addition an extra DMA channel may be used. -Using two DMA channels permits simultaneous playback using two devices -(dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The second DMA channel is required for -full duplex audio. -To enable the second DMA channels, give a valid DMA channel when the config -program asks for the GUS MAX DMA (entering -1 disables the second DMA). -Using 16 bit DMA channels (5,6 or 7) is recommended. - -If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use -just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA -channel if it's a 16 bit one. - -Microphone input of GUS MAX is connected to mixer in little bit nonstandard -way. There is actually two microphone volume controls. Normal "mic" controls -only recording level. Mixer control "speaker" is used to control volume of -microphone signal connected directly to line/speaker out. So just decrease -volume of "speaker" if you have problems with microphone feedback. - -GUS ACE works too but any attempt to record or to use the MIDI port -will fail. - -GUS PnP (with RAM) is partially supported but it needs to be initialized using -DOS or isapnptools before starting the driver. - -MPU401 and Windows Sound System -------------------------------- - -Again. Don't enable these options in case your card is listed -somewhere else in this file. - -Configuring these cards is obvious (or it should be). With MSS -you should probably enable the OPL3 synth also since -most MSS compatible cards have it. However check that this is true -before enabling OPL3. - -Sound driver supports more than one MPU401 compatible cards at the same time -but the config program asks config info for just the first of them. -Adding the second or third MPU interfaces must be done manually by -editing sound/local.h (after running the config program). Add defines for -MPU2_BASE & MPU2_IRQ (and MPU3_BASE & MPU3_IRQ) to the file. - -CAUTION! - -The default I/O base of Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI controller is 0x330 which -is also the default of the MPU401 driver. Don't configure the sound driver to -use 0x330 as the MPU401 base if you have a AHA1542. The kernel will not boot -if you make this mistake. - -PSS ---- - -Even the PSS cards are compatible with SB, MSS and MPU401, you must not -enable these options when configuring the driver. The configuration -program handles these options itself. (You may use the SB, MPU and MSS options -together with PSS if you have another card on the system). - -The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB is not enabled -since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. The driver loads also a -DSP algorithm which is used to for the general MIDI emulation. The -algorithm file (.ld) is read by the config program and written to a -file included when the pss.c is compiled. For this reason the config -program asks if you want to download the file. Use the genmidi.ld file -distributed with the DOS/Windows drivers of the card (don't use the mt32.ld). -With some cards the file is called 'synth.ld'. You must have access to -the file when configuring the driver. The easiest way is to mount the DOS -partition containing the file with Linux. - -It's possible to load your own DSP algorithms and run them with the card. -Look at the directory pss_test of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz for more info. - -AudioTrix Pro -------------- - -You have to enable the OPL3 and SB (not SB Pro or SB16) drivers in addition -to the native AudioTrix driver. Don't enable MSS or MPU drivers. - -Configuring ATP is little bit tricky since it uses so many I/O, IRQ and -DMA numbers. Using the same values than with DOS/Win is a good idea. Don't -attempt to use the same IRQ or DMA channels twice. - -The SB mode of ATP is implemented so the ATP driver just enables SB -in the proper address. The SB driver handles the rest. You have to configure -both the SB driver and the SB mode of ATP to use the same IRQ, DMA and I/O -settings. - -Also the ATP has a microcontroller for the General MIDI emulation (OPL4). -For this reason the driver asks for the name of a file containing the -microcode (TRXPRO.HEX). This file is usually located in the directory -where the DOS drivers were installed. You must have access to this file -when configuring the driver. - -If you have the effects daughtercard, it must be initialized by running -the setfx program of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. This step is not required -when using the (future) binary distribution version of the driver. - -Ensoniq SoundScape ------------------- - -NOTE! The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet. Soundscape compatible - cards made by Reveal don't work with Linux. They use older revision - of the Soundscape chipset which is not fully compatible with - newer cards made by Ensoniq. - -The SoundScape driver handles initialization of MSS and MPU supports -itself so you don't need to enable other drivers than SoundScape -(enable also the /dev/dsp, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports). - -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -!!!!! !!!! -!!!!! NOTE! Before version 3.5-beta6 there WERE two sets of audio !!!! -!!!!! device files (/dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The first one WAS !!!! -!!!!! used only for card initialization and the second for audio !!!! -!!!!! purposes. It WAS required to change /dev/dsp (a symlink) to !!!! -!!!!! point to /dev/dsp1. !!!! -!!!!! !!!! -!!!!! This is not required with OSS versions 3.5-beta6 and later !!!! -!!!!! since there is now just one audio device file. Please !!!! -!!!!! change /dev/dsp to point back to /dev/dsp0 if you are !!!! -!!!!! upgrading from an earlier driver version using !!!! -!!!!! (cd /dev;rm dsp;ln -s dsp0 dsp). !!!! -!!!!! !!!! -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - -The configuration program asks one DMA channel and two interrupts. One IRQ -and one DMA is used by the MSS codec. The second IRQ is required for the -MPU401 mode (you have to use different IRQs for both purposes). -There were earlier two DMA channels for SoundScape but the current driver -version requires just one. - -The SoundScape card has a Motorola microcontroller which must initialized -_after_ boot (the driver doesn't initialize it during boot). -The initialization is done by running the 'ssinit' program which is -distributed in the snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. You have to edit two -defines in the ssinit.c and then compile the program. You may run ssinit -manually (after each boot) or add it to /etc/rc.d/rc.local. - -The ssinit program needs the microcode file that comes with the DOS/Windows -driver of the card. You will need to use version 1.30.00 or later -of the microcode file (sndscape.co0 or sndscape.co1 depending on -your card model). THE OLD sndscape.cod WILL NOT WORK. IT WILL HANG YOUR -MACHINE. The only way to get the new microcode file is to download -and install the DOS/Windows driver from ftp://ftp.ensoniq.com/pub. - -Then you have to select the proper microcode file to use: soundscape.co0 -is the right one for most cards and sndscape.co1 is for few (older) cards -made by Reveal and/or Spea. The driver has capability to detect the card -version during boot. Look at the boot log messages in /var/adm/messages -and locate the sound driver initialization message for the SoundScape -card. If the driver displays string <Ensoniq Soundscape (old)>, you have -an old card and you will need to use sndscape.co1. For other cards use -soundscape.co0. New Soundscape revisions such as Elite and PnP use -code files with higher numbers (.co2, .co3, etc.). - -NOTE! Ensoniq Soundscape VIVO is not compatible with other Soundscape cards. - Currently it's possible to use it in Linux only with OSS/Linux - drivers. - -Check /var/adm/messages after running ssinit. The driver prints -the board version after downloading the microcode file. That version -number must match the number in the name of the microcode file (extension). - -Running ssinit with a wrong version of the sndscape.co? file is not -dangerous as long as you don't try to use a file called sndscape.cod. -If you have initialized the card using a wrong microcode file (sounds -are terrible), just modify ssinit.c to use another microcode file and try -again. It's possible to use an earlier version of sndscape.co[01] but it -may sound weird. - -MAD16 (Pro) and Mozart ----------------------- - -You need to enable just the MAD16 /Mozart support when configuring -the driver. _Don't_ enable SB, MPU401 or MSS. However you will need the -/dev/audio, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports. - -Mozart and OPTi 82C928 (the original MAD16) chips don't support -MPU401 mode so enter just 0 when the configuration program asks the -MPU/MIDI I/O base. The MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929) and 82C930 chips have MPU401 -mode. - -TB Tropez is based on the 82C929 chip. It has two MIDI ports. -The one connected to the MAD16 chip is the second one (there is a second -MIDI connector/pins somewhere??). If you have not connected the second MIDI -port, just disable the MIDI port of MAD16. The 'Maui' compatible synth of -Tropez is jumper configurable and not connected to the MAD16 chip (the -Maui driver can be used with it). - -Some MAD16 based cards may cause feedback, whistle or terrible noise if the -line3 mixer channel is turned too high. This happens at least with Shuttle -Sound System. Current driver versions set volume of line3 low enough so -this should not be a problem. - -If you have a MAD16 card which have an OPL4 (FM + Wave table) synthesizer -chip (_not_ an OPL3), you have to append a line containing #define MAD16_OPL4 -to the file linux/drivers/sound/local.h (after running make config). - -MAD16 cards having a CS4231 codec support full duplex mode. This mode -can be enabled by configuring the card to use two DMA channels. Possible -DMA channel pairs are: 0&1, 1&0 and 3&0. - -NOTE! Cards having an OPTi 82C924/82C925 chip work with OSS/Free only in -non-PnP mode (usually jumper selectable). The PnP mode is supported only -by OSS/Linux. - -MV Jazz (ProSonic) ------------------- - -The Jazz16 driver is just a hack made to the SB Pro driver. However it works -fairly well. You have to enable SB, SB Pro (_not_ SB16) and MPU401 supports -when configuring the driver. The configuration program asks later if you -want support for MV Jazz16 based cards (after asking SB base address). Answer -'y' here and the driver asks the second (16 bit) DMA channel. - -The Jazz16 driver uses the MPU401 driver in a way which will cause -problems if you have another MPU401 compatible card. In this case you must -give address of the Jazz16 based MPU401 interface when the config -program prompts for the MPU401 information. Then look at the MPU401 -specific section for instructions about configuring more than one MPU401 cards. - -Logitech Soundman Wave ----------------------- - -Read the above MV Jazz specific instructions first. - -The Logitech SoundMan Wave (don't confuse this with the SM16 or SM Games) is -a MV Jazz based card which has an additional OPL4 based wave table -synthesizer. The OPL4 chip is handled by an on board microcontroller -which must be initialized during boot. The config program asks if -you have a SM Wave immediately after asking the second DMA channel of jazz16. -If you answer 'y', the config program will ask name of the file containing -code to be loaded to the microcontroller. The file is usually called -MIDI0001.BIN and it's located in the DOS/Windows driver directory. The file -may also be called as TSUNAMI.BIN or something else (older cards?). - -The OPL4 synth will be inaccessible without loading the microcontroller code. - -Also remember to enable SB MPU401 support if you want to use the OPL4 mode. -(Don't enable the 'normal' MPU401 device as with some earlier driver -versions (pre 3.5-alpha8)). - -NOTE! Don't answer 'y' when the driver asks about SM Games support - (the next question after the MIDI0001.BIN name). However - answering 'y' doesn't cause damage your computer so don't panic. - -Sound Galaxies --------------- - -There are many different Sound Galaxy cards made by Aztech. The 8 bit -ones are fully SB or SB Pro compatible and there should be no problems -with them. - -The older 16 bit cards (SG Pro16, SG NX Pro16, Nova and Lyra) have -an EEPROM chip for storing the configuration data. There is a microcontroller -which initializes the card to match the EEPROM settings when the machine -is powered on. These cards actually behave just like they have jumpers -for all of the settings. Configure driver for MSS, MPU, SB/SB Pro and OPL3 -supports with these cards. - -There are some new Sound Galaxies in the market. I have no experience with -them so read the card's manual carefully. - -ESS ES1688 and ES688 'AudioDrive' based cards ---------------------------------------------- - -Support for these two ESS chips is embedded in the SB driver. -Configure these cards just like SB. Enable the 'SB MPU401 MIDI port' -if you want to use MIDI features of ES1688. ES688 doesn't have MPU mode -so you don't need to enable it (the driver uses normal SB MIDI automatically -with ES688). - -NOTE! ESS cards are not compatible with MSS/WSS so don't worry if MSS support -of OSS doesn't work with it. - -There are some ES1688/688 based sound cards and (particularly) motherboards -which use software configurable I/O port relocation feature of the chip. -This ESS proprietary feature is supported only by OSS/Linux. - -There are ES1688 based cards which use different interrupt pin assignment than -recommended by ESS (5, 7, 9/2 and 10). In this case all IRQs don't work. -At least a card called (Pearl?) Hypersound 16 supports IRQ 15 but it doesn't -work. - -ES1868 is a PnP chip which is (supposed to be) compatible with ESS1688 -probably works with OSS/Free after initialization using isapnptools. - -Reveal cards ------------- - -There are several different cards made/marketed by Reveal. Some of them -are compatible with SoundScape and some use the MAD16 chip. You may have -to look at the card and try to identify its origin. - -Diamond -------- - -The oldest (Sierra Aria based) sound cards made by Diamond are not supported -(they may work if the card is initialized using DOS). The recent (LX?) -models are based on the MAD16 chip which is supported by the driver. - -Audio Excel DSP16 ------------------ - -Support for this card is currently not functional. A new driver for it -should be available later this year. - -PCMCIA cards ------------- - -Sorry, can't help. Some cards may work and some don't. - -TI TM4000M notebooks --------------------- - -These computers have a built in sound support based on the Jazz chipset. -Look at the instructions for MV Jazz (above). It's also important to note -that there is something wrong with the mouse port and sound at least on -some TM models. Don't enable the "C&T 82C710 mouse port support" when -configuring Linux. Having it enabled is likely to cause mysterious problems -and kernel failures when sound is used. - -miroSOUND ---------- - -The miroSOUND PCM1-pro, PCM12 and PCM20 radio has been used -successfully. These cards are based on the MAD16, OPL4, and CS4231A chips -and everything said in the section about MAD16 cards applies here, -too. The only major difference between the PCMxx and other MAD16 cards -is that instead of the mixer in the CS4231 codec a separate mixer -controlled by an on-board 80C32 microcontroller is used. Control of -the mixer takes place via the ACI (miro's audio control interface) -protocol that is implemented in a separate lowlevel driver. Make sure -you compile this ACI driver together with the normal MAD16 support -when you use a miroSOUND PCMxx card. The ACI mixer is controlled by -/dev/mixer and the CS4231 mixer by /dev/mixer1 (depends on load -time). Only in special cases you want to change something regularly on -the CS4231 mixer. - -The miroSOUND PCM12 and PCM20 radio is capable of full duplex -operation (simultaneous PCM replay and recording), which allows you to -implement nice real-time signal processing audio effect software and -network telephones. The ACI mixer has to be switched into the "solo" -mode for duplex operation in order to avoid feedback caused by the -mixer (input hears output signal). You can de-/activate this mode -through toggling the record button for the wave controller with an -OSS-mixer. - -The PCM20 contains a radio tuner, which is also controlled by -ACI. This radio tuner is supported by the ACI driver together with the -miropcm20.o module. Also the 7-band equalizer is integrated -(limited by the OSS-design). Development has started and maybe -finished for the RDS decoder on this card, too. You will be able to -read RadioText, the Programme Service name, Programme TYpe and -others. Even the v4l radio module benefits from it with a refined -strength value. See aci.[ch] and miropcm20*.[ch] for more details. - -The following configuration parameters have worked fine for the PCM12 -in Markus Kuhn's system, many other configurations might work, too: -CONFIG_MAD16_BASE=0x530, CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=11, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=3, -CONFIG_MAD16_DMA2=0, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_BASE=0x330, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=10, -DSP_BUFFSIZE=65536, SELECTED_SOUND_OPTIONS=0x00281000. - -Bas van der Linden is using his PCM1-pro with a configuration that -differs in: CONFIG_MAD16_IRQ=7, CONFIG_MAD16_DMA=1, CONFIG_MAD16_MPU_IRQ=9 - -Compaq Deskpro XL ------------------ - -The builtin sound hardware of Compaq Deskpro XL is now supported. -You need to configure the driver with MSS and OPL3 supports enabled. -In addition you need to manually edit linux/drivers/sound/local.h and -to add a line containing "#define DESKPROXL" if you used -make menuconfig/xconfig. - -Others? -------- - -Since there are so many different sound cards, it's likely that I have -forgotten to mention many of them. Please inform me if you know yet another -card which works with Linux, please inform me (or is anybody else -willing to maintain a database of supported cards (just like in XF86)?). - -Cards not supported yet -======================= - -Please check the version of sound driver you are using before -complaining that your card is not supported. It's possible you are -using a driver version which was released months before your card was -introduced. - -First of all, there is an easy way to make most sound cards work with Linux. -Just use the DOS based driver to initialize the card to a known state, then use -loadlin.exe to boot Linux. If Linux is configured to use the same I/O, IRQ and -DMA numbers as DOS, the card could work. -(ctrl-alt-del can be used in place of loadlin.exe but it doesn't work with -new motherboards). This method works also with all/most PnP sound cards. - -Don't get fooled with SB compatibility. Most cards are compatible with -SB but that may require a TSR which is not possible with Linux. If -the card is compatible with MSS, it's a better choice. Some cards -don't work in the SB and MSS modes at the same time. - -Then there are cards which are no longer manufactured and/or which -are relatively rarely used (such as the 8 bit ProAudioSpectrum -models). It's extremely unlikely that such cards ever get supported. -Adding support for a new card requires much work and increases time -required in maintaining the driver (some changes need to be done -to all low level drivers and be tested too, maybe with multiple -operating systems). For this reason I have made a decision to not support -obsolete cards. It's possible that someone else makes a separately -distributed driver (diffs) for the card. - -Writing a driver for a new card is not possible if there are no -programming information available about the card. If you don't -find your new card from this file, look from the home page -(http://www.opensound.com/ossfree). Then please contact -manufacturer of the card and ask if they have (or are willing to) -released technical details of the card. Do this before contacting me. I -can only answer 'no' if there are no programming information available. - -I have made decision to not accept code based on reverse engineering -to the driver. There are three main reasons: First I don't want to break -relationships to sound card manufacturers. The second reason is that -maintaining and supporting a driver without any specs will be a pain. -The third reason is that companies have freedom to refuse selling their -products to other than Windows users. - -Some companies don't give low level technical information about their -products to public or at least their require signing a NDA. It's not -possible to implement a freeware driver for them. However it's possible -that support for such cards become available in the commercial version -of this driver (see http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info). - -There are some common audio chipsets that are not supported yet. For example -Sierra Aria and IBM Mwave. It's possible that these architectures -get some support in future but I can't make any promises. Just look -at the home page (http://www.opensound.com/ossfree/) -for latest info. - -Information about unsupported sound cards and chipsets is welcome as well -as free copies of sound cards, SDKs and operating systems. - -If you have any corrections and/or comments, please contact me. - -Hannu Savolainen -hannu@opensound.com - -home page of OSS/Free: http://www.opensound.com/ossfree - -home page of commercial OSS -(Open Sound System) drivers: http://www.opensound.com/oss.html diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.modules b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.modules deleted file mode 100644 index cdc039421a46..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.modules +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ -Building a modular sound driver -================================ - - The following information is current as of linux-2.1.85. Check the other -readme files, especially README.OSS, for information not specific to -making sound modular. - - First, configure your kernel. This is an idea of what you should be -setting in the sound section: - -<M> Sound card support - -<M> 100% Sound Blaster compatibles (SB16/32/64, ESS, Jazz16) support - - I have SoundBlaster. Select your card from the list. - -<M> Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support -<M> FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support - - If you don't set these, you will probably find you can play .wav files -but not .midi. As the help for them says, set them unless you know your -card does not use one of these chips for FM support. - - Once you are configured, make zlilo, modules, modules_install; reboot. -Note that it is no longer necessary or possible to configure sound in the -drivers/sound dir. Now one simply configures and makes one's kernel and -modules in the usual way. - - Then, add to your /etc/modprobe.d/oss.conf something like: - -alias char-major-14-* sb -install sb /sbin/modprobe -i sb && /sbin/modprobe adlib_card -options sb io=0x220 irq=7 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330 -options adlib_card io=0x388 # FM synthesizer - - Alternatively, if you have compiled in kernel level ISAPnP support: - -alias char-major-14 sb -softdep sb post: adlib_card -options adlib_card io=0x388 - - The effect of this is that the sound driver and all necessary bits and -pieces autoload on demand, assuming you use kerneld (a sound choice) and -autoclean when not in use. Also, options for the device drivers are -set. They will not work without them. Change as appropriate for your card. -If you are not yet using the very cool kerneld, you will have to "modprobe --k sb" yourself to get things going. Eventually things may be fixed so -that this kludgery is not necessary; for the time being, it seems to work -well. - - Replace 'sb' with the driver for your card, and give it the right -options. To find the filename of the driver, look in -/lib/modules/<kernel-version>/misc. Mine looks like: - -adlib_card.o # This is the generic OPLx driver -opl3.o # The OPL3 driver -sb.o # <<The SoundBlaster driver. Yours may differ.>> -sound.o # The sound driver -uart401.o # Used by sb, maybe other cards - - Whichever card you have, try feeding it the options that would be the -default if you were making the driver wired, not as modules. You can -look at function referred to by module_init() for the card to see what -args are expected. - - Note that at present there is no way to configure the io, irq and other -parameters for the modular drivers as one does for the wired drivers.. One -needs to pass the modules the necessary parameters as arguments, either -with /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf or with command-line args to modprobe, e.g. - -modprobe sb io=0x220 irq=7 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330 -modprobe adlib_card io=0x388 - - recommend using /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf. - -Persistent DMA Buffers: - -The sound modules normally allocate DMA buffers during open() and -deallocate them during close(). Linux can often have problems allocating -DMA buffers for ISA cards on machines with more than 16MB RAM. This is -because ISA DMA buffers must exist below the 16MB boundary and it is quite -possible that we can't find a large enough free block in this region after -the machine has been running for any amount of time. The way to avoid this -problem is to allocate the DMA buffers during module load and deallocate -them when the module is unloaded. For this to be effective we need to load -the sound modules right after the kernel boots, either manually or by an -init script, and keep them around until we shut down. This is a little -wasteful of RAM, but it guarantees that sound always works. - -To make the sound driver use persistent DMA buffers we need to pass the -sound.o module a "dmabuf=1" command-line argument. This is normally done -in /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf files like so: - -options sound dmabuf=1 - -If you have 16MB or less RAM or a PCI sound card, this is wasteful and -unnecessary. It is possible that machine with 16MB or less RAM will find -this option useful, but if your machine is so memory-starved that it -cannot find a 64K block free, you will be wasting even more RAM by keeping -the sound modules loaded and the DMA buffers allocated when they are not -needed. The proper solution is to upgrade your RAM. But you do also have -this improper solution as well. Use it wisely. - - I'm afraid I know nothing about anything but my setup, being more of a -text-mode guy anyway. If you have options for other cards or other helpful -hints, send them to me, Jim Bray, jb@as220.org, http://as220.org/jb. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.ymfsb b/Documentation/sound/oss/README.ymfsb deleted file mode 100644 index b6b77906b58d..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/README.ymfsb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -Legacy audio driver for YMF7xx PCI cards. - - -FIRST OF ALL -============ - - This code references YAMAHA's sample codes and data sheets. - I respect and thank for all people they made open the information - about YMF7xx cards. - - And this codes heavily based on Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>'s - old VIA 82Cxxx driver (via82cxxx.c). I also respect him. - - -DISCLIMER -========= - - This driver is currently at early ALPHA stage. It may cause serious - damage to your computer when used. - PLEASE USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK. - - -ABOUT THIS DRIVER -================= - - This code enables you to use your YMF724[A-F], YMF740[A-C], YMF744, YMF754 - cards. When enabled, your card acts as "SoundBlaster Pro" compatible card. - It can only play 22.05kHz / 8bit / Stereo samples, control external MIDI - port. - If you want to use your card as recent "16-bit" card, you should use - Alsa or OSS/Linux driver. Of course you can write native PCI driver for - your cards :) - - -USAGE -===== - - # modprobe ymfsb (options) - - -OPTIONS FOR MODULE -================== - - io : SB base address (0x220, 0x240, 0x260, 0x280) - synth_io : OPL3 base address (0x388, 0x398, 0x3a0, 0x3a8) - dma : DMA number (0,1,3) - master_volume: AC'97 PCM out Vol (0-100) - spdif_out : SPDIF-out flag (0:disable 1:enable) - - These options will change in future... - - -FREQUENCY -========= - - When playing sounds via this driver, you will hear its pitch is slightly - lower than original sounds. Since this driver recognizes your card acts - with 21.739kHz sample rates rather than 22.050kHz (I think it must be - hardware restriction). So many players become tone deafness. - To prevent this, you should express some options to your sound player - that specify correct sample frequency. For example, to play your MP3 file - correctly with mpg123, specify the frequency like following: - - % mpg123 -r 21739 foo.mp3 - - -SPDIF OUT -========= - - With installing modules with option 'spdif_out=1', you can enjoy your - sounds from SPDIF-out of your card (if it had). - Its Fs is fixed to 48kHz (It never means the sample frequency become - up to 48kHz. All sounds via SPDIF-out also 22kHz samples). So your - digital-in capable components has to be able to handle 48kHz Fs. - - -COPYING -======= - - This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) - any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but - WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU - General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software - Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. - - -TODO -==== - * support for multiple cards - (set the different SB_IO,MPU_IO,OPL_IO for each cards) - - * support for OPL (dmfm) : There will be no requirements... :-< - - -AUTHOR -====== - - Daisuke Nagano <breeze.nagano@nifty.ne.jp> - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/SoundPro b/Documentation/sound/oss/SoundPro deleted file mode 100644 index 9d4db1f29d3c..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/SoundPro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -Documentation for the SoundPro CMI8330 extensions in the WSS driver (ad1848.o) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -( Be sure to read Documentation/sound/oss/CMI8330 too ) - -Ion Badulescu, ionut@cs.columbia.edu -February 24, 1999 - -(derived from the OPL3-SA2 documentation by Scott Murray) - -The SoundPro CMI8330 (ISA) is a chip usually found on some Taiwanese -motherboards. The official name in the documentation is CMI8330, SoundPro -is the nickname and the big inscription on the chip itself. - -The chip emulates a WSS as well as a SB16, but it has certain differences -in the mixer section which require separate support. It also emulates an -MPU401 and an OPL3 synthesizer, so you probably want to enable support -for these, too. - -The chip identifies itself as an AD1848, but its mixer is significantly -more advanced than the original AD1848 one. If your system works with -either WSS or SB16 and you are having problems with some mixer controls -(no CD audio, no line-in, etc), you might want to give this driver a try. -Detection should work, but it hasn't been widely tested, so it might still -mis-identify the chip. You can still force soundpro=1 in the modprobe -parameters for ad1848. Please let me know if it happens to you, so I can -adjust the detection routine. - -The chip is capable of doing full-duplex, but since the driver sees it as an -AD1848, it cannot take advantage of this. Moreover, the full-duplex mode is -not achievable through the WSS interface, b/c it needs a dma16 line which is -assigned only to the SB16 subdevice (with isapnp). Windows documentation -says the user must use WSS Playback and SB16 Recording for full-duplex, so -it might be possible to do the same thing under Linux. You can try loading -up both ad1848 and sb then use one for playback and the other for -recording. I don't know if this works, b/c I haven't tested it. Anyway, if -you try it, be very careful: the SB16 mixer *mostly* works, but certain -settings can have unexpected effects. Use the WSS mixer for best results. - -There is also a PCI SoundPro chip. I have not seen this chip, so I have -no idea if the driver will work with it. I suspect it won't. - -As with PnP cards, some configuration is required. There are two ways -of doing this. The most common is to use the isapnptools package to -initialize the card, and use the kernel module form of the sound -subsystem and sound drivers. Alternatively, some BIOS's allow manual -configuration of installed PnP devices in a BIOS menu, which should -allow using the non-modular sound drivers, i.e. built into the kernel. -Since in this latter case you cannot use module parameters, you will -have to enable support for the SoundPro at compile time. - -The IRQ and DMA values can be any that are considered acceptable for a -WSS. Assuming you've got isapnp all happy, then you should be able to -do something like the following (which *must* match the isapnp/BIOS -configuration): - -modprobe ad1848 io=0x530 irq=11 dma=0 soundpro=1 --and maybe- -modprobe sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 - --then- -modprobe mpu401 io=0x330 irq=9 -modprobe opl3 io=0x388 - -If all goes well and you see no error messages, you should be able to -start using the sound capabilities of your system. If you get an -error message while trying to insert the module(s), then make -sure that the values of the various arguments match what you specified -in your isapnp configuration file, and that there is no conflict with -another device for an I/O port or interrupt. Checking the contents of -/proc/ioports and /proc/interrupts can be useful to see if you're -butting heads with another device. - -If you do not see the chipset version message, and none of the other -messages present in the system log are helpful, try adding 'debug=1' -to the ad1848 parameters, email me the syslog results and I'll do -my best to help. - -Lastly, if you're using modules and want to set up automatic module -loading with kmod, the kernel module loader, here is the section I -currently use in my conf.modules file: - -# Sound -post-install sound modprobe -k ad1848; modprobe -k mpu401; modprobe -k opl3 -options ad1848 io=0x530 irq=11 dma=0 -options sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 -options mpu401 io=0x330 irq=9 -options opl3 io=0x388 - -The above ensures that ad1848 will be loaded whenever the sound system -is being used. - -Good luck. - -Ion - -NOT REALLY TESTED: -- recording -- recording device selection -- full-duplex - -TODO: -- implement mixer support for surround, loud, digital CD switches. -- come up with a scheme which allows recording volumes for each subdevice. -This is a major OSS API change. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/Soundblaster b/Documentation/sound/oss/Soundblaster deleted file mode 100644 index b288d464ba8b..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/Soundblaster +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -modprobe sound -insmod uart401 -insmod sb ... - -This loads the driver for the Sound Blaster and assorted clones. Cards that -are covered by other drivers should not be using this driver. - -The Sound Blaster module takes the following arguments - -io I/O address of the Sound Blaster chip (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280) -irq IRQ of the Sound Blaster chip (5,7,9,10) -dma 8-bit DMA channel for the Sound Blaster (0,1,3) -dma16 16-bit DMA channel for SB16 and equivalent cards (5,6,7) -mpu_io I/O for MPU chip if present (0x300,0x330) - -sm_games=1 Set if you have a Logitech soundman games -acer=1 Set this to detect cards in some ACER notebooks -mwave_bug=1 Set if you are trying to use this driver with mwave (see on) -type Use this to specify a specific card type - -The following arguments are taken if ISAPnP support is compiled in - -isapnp=0 Set this to disable ISAPnP detection (use io=0xXXX etc. above) -multiple=0 Set to disable detection of multiple Soundblaster cards. - Consider it a bug if this option is needed, and send in a - report. -pnplegacy=1 Set this to be able to use a PnP card(s) along with a single - non-PnP (legacy) card. Above options for io, irq, etc. are - needed, and will apply only to the legacy card. -reverse=1 Reverses the order of the search in the PnP table. -uart401=1 Set to enable detection of mpu devices on some clones. -isapnpjump=n Jumps to slot n in the driver's PnP table. Use the source, - Luke. - -You may well want to load the opl3 driver for synth music on most SB and -clone SB devices - -insmod opl3 io=0x388 - -Using Mwave - -To make this driver work with Mwave you must set mwave_bug. You also need -to warm boot from DOS/Windows with the required firmware loaded under this -OS. IBM are being difficult about documenting how to load this firmware. - -Avance Logic ALS007 - -This card is supported; see the separate file ALS007 for full details. - -Avance Logic ALS100 - -This card is supported; setup should be as for a standard Sound Blaster 16. -The driver will identify the audio device as a "Sound Blaster 16 (ALS-100)". diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/Tropez+ b/Documentation/sound/oss/Tropez+ deleted file mode 100644 index b93a6b734fc0..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/Tropez+ +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -From: Paul Barton-Davis <pbd@op.net> - -Here is the configuration I use with a Tropez+ and my modular -driver: - - alias char-major-14 wavefront - alias synth0 wavefront - alias mixer0 cs4232 - alias audio0 cs4232 - pre-install wavefront modprobe "-k" "cs4232" - post-install wavefront modprobe "-k" "opl3" - options wavefront io=0x200 irq=9 - options cs4232 synthirq=9 synthio=0x200 io=0x530 irq=5 dma=1 dma2=0 - options opl3 io=0x388 - -Things to note: - - the wavefront options "io" and "irq" ***MUST*** match the "synthio" - and "synthirq" cs4232 options. - - you can do without the opl3 module if you don't - want to use the OPL/[34] synth on the soundcard - - the opl3 io parameter is conventionally not adjustable. - -Please see drivers/sound/README.wavefront for more details. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/VIBRA16 b/Documentation/sound/oss/VIBRA16 deleted file mode 100644 index 68a5a46beb88..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/VIBRA16 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -Sound Blaster 16X Vibra addendum --------------------------------- -by Marius Ilioaea <mariusi@protv.ro> - Stefan Laudat <stefan@asit.ro> - -Sat Mar 6 23:55:27 EET 1999 - - Hello again, - - Playing with a SB Vibra 16x soundcard we found it very difficult -to setup because the kernel reported a lot of DMA errors and wouldn't -simply play any sound. - A good starting point is that the vibra16x chip full-duplex facility -is neither still exploited by the sb driver found in the linux kernel -(tried it with a 2.2.2-ac7), nor in the commercial OSS package (it reports -it as half-duplex soundcard). Oh, I almost forgot, the RedHat sndconfig -failed detecting it ;) - So, the big problem still remains, because the sb module wants a -8-bit and a 16-bit dma, which we could not allocate for vibra... it supports -only two 8-bit dma channels, the second one will be passed to the module -as a 16 bit channel, the kernel will yield about that but everything will -be okay, trust us. - The only inconvenient you may find is that you will have -some sound playing jitters if you have HDD dma support enabled - but this -will happen with almost all soundcards... - - A fully working isapnp.conf is just here: - -<snip here> - -(READPORT 0x0203) -(ISOLATE PRESERVE) -(IDENTIFY *) -(VERBOSITY 2) -(CONFLICT (IO FATAL)(IRQ FATAL)(DMA FATAL)(MEM FATAL)) # or WARNING -# SB 16 and OPL3 devices -(CONFIGURE CTL00f0/-1 (LD 0 -(INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E))) -(DMA 0 (CHANNEL 1)) -(DMA 1 (CHANNEL 3)) -(IO 0 (SIZE 16) (BASE 0x0220)) -(IO 2 (SIZE 4) (BASE 0x0388)) -(NAME "CTL00f0/-1[0]{Audio }") -(ACT Y) -)) - -# Joystick device - only if you need it :-/ - -(CONFIGURE CTL00f0/-1 (LD 1 -(IO 0 (SIZE 1) (BASE 0x0200)) -(NAME "CTL00f0/-1[1]{Game }") -(ACT Y) -)) -(WAITFORKEY) - -<end of snipping> - - So, after a good kernel modules compilation and a 'depmod -a kernel_ver' -you may want to: - -modprobe sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=3 - - Or, take the hard way: - -modprobe soundcore -modprobe sound -modprobe uart401 -modprobe sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=3 -# do you need MIDI? -modprobe opl3=0x388 - - Just in case, the kernel sound support should be: - -CONFIG_SOUND=m -CONFIG_SOUND_OSS=m -CONFIG_SOUND_SB=m - - Enjoy your new noisy Linux box! ;) - - diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/WaveArtist b/Documentation/sound/oss/WaveArtist deleted file mode 100644 index f4f3407cd818..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/WaveArtist +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ - - (the following is from the armlinux CVS) - - WaveArtist mixer and volume levels can be accessed via these commands: - - nn30 read registers nn, where nn = 00 - 09 for mixer settings - 0a - 13 for channel volumes - mm31 write the volume setting in pairs, where mm = (nn - 10) / 2 - rr32 write the mixer settings in pairs, where rr = nn/2 - xx33 reset all settings to default - 0y34 select mono source, y=0 = left, y=1 = right - - bits - nn 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 00 | 0 | 0 0 1 1 | left line mixer gain | left aux1 mixer gain |lmute| -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 01 | 0 | 0 1 0 1 | left aux2 mixer gain | right 2 left mic gain |mmute| -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 02 | 0 | 0 1 1 1 | left mic mixer gain | left mic | left mixer gain |dith | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 03 | 0 | 1 0 0 1 | left mixer input select |lrfg | left ADC gain | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 04 | 0 | 1 0 1 1 | right line mixer gain | right aux1 mixer gain |rmute| -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 05 | 0 | 1 1 0 1 | right aux2 mixer gain | left 2 right mic gain |test | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 06 | 0 | 1 1 1 1 | right mic mixer gain | right mic |right mixer gain |rbyps| -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 07 | 1 | 0 0 0 1 | right mixer select |rrfg | right ADC gain | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 08 | 1 | 0 0 1 1 | mono mixer gain |right ADC mux sel|left ADC mux sel | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 09 | 1 | 0 1 0 1 |loopb|left linout|loop|ADCch|TxFch|OffCD|test |loopb|loopb|osamp| -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0a | 0 | left PCM channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0b | 0 | right PCM channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0c | 0 | left FM channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0d | 0 | right FM channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0e | 0 | left wavetable channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 0f | 0 | right wavetable channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 10 | 0 | left PCM expansion channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 11 | 0 | right PCM expansion channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 12 | 0 | left FM expansion channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - 13 | 0 | right FM expansion channel volume | -----+---+------------+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ - - lmute: left mute - mmute: mono mute - dith: dithds - lrfg: - rmute: right mute - rbyps: right bypass - rrfg: - ADCch: - TxFch: - OffCD: - osamp: - - And the following diagram is derived from the description in the CVS archive: - - MIC L (mouthpiece) - +------+ - -->PreAmp>-\ - +--^---+ | - | | - r2b4-5 | +--------+ - /----*-------------------------------->5 | - | | | - | /----------------------------------->4 | - | | | | - | | /--------------------------------->3 1of5 | +---+ - | | | | mux >-->AMP>--> ADC L - | | | /------------------------------->2 | +-^-+ - | | | | | | | - Line | | | | +----+ +------+ +---+ /---->1 | r3b3-0 - ------------*->mute>--> Gain >--> | | | | - L | | | +----+ +------+ | | | *->0 | - | | | | | | +---^----+ - Aux2 | | | +----+ +------+ | | | | - ----------*--->mute>--> Gain >--> M | | r8b0-2 - L | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | \------\ - Aux1 | | +----+ +------+ | | | - --------*----->mute>--> Gain >--> I | | - L | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | - | +----+ +------+ | | +---+ | - *------->mute>--> Gain >--> X >-->AMP>--* - | +----+ +------+ | | +-^-+ | - | | | | | - | +----+ +------+ | | r2b1-3 | - | /----->mute>--> Gain >--> E | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | /--->mute>--> Gain >--> R | | - | | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | | r9b8-9 - | | | +----+ +------+ | | | | - | | | /->mute>--> Gain >--> | | +---v---+ - | | | | +----+ +------+ +---+ /-*->0 | - DAC | | | | | | | - ------------*----------------------------------->? | +----+ - L | | | | | Mux >-->mute>--> L output - | | | | /->? | +--^-+ - | | | | | | | | - | | | /--------->? | r0b0 - | | | | | | +-------+ - | | | | | | - Mono | | | | | | +-------+ - ----------* | \---> | +----+ - | | | | | | Mix >-->mute>--> Mono output - | | | | *-> | +--^-+ - | | | | | +-------+ | - | | | | | r1b0 - DAC | | | | | +-------+ - ------------*-------------------------*--------->1 | +----+ - R | | | | | | Mux >-->mute>--> R output - | | | | +----+ +------+ +---+ *->0 | +--^-+ - | | | \->mute>--> Gain >--> | | +---^---+ | - | | | +----+ +------+ | | | | r5b0 - | | | | | | r6b0 - | | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | \--->mute>--> Gain >--> M | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | *----->mute>--> Gain >--> I | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | - | | +----+ +------+ | | +---+ | - \------->mute>--> Gain >--> X >-->AMP>--* - | +----+ +------+ | | +-^-+ | - /--/ | | | | - Aux1 | +----+ +------+ | | r6b1-3 | - -------*------>mute>--> Gain >--> E | | - R | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | - Aux2 | | +----+ +------+ | | /------/ - ---------*---->mute>--> Gain >--> R | | - R | | | +----+ +------+ | | | - | | | | | | +--------+ - Line | | | +----+ +------+ | | | *->0 | - -----------*-->mute>--> Gain >--> | | | | - R | | | | +----+ +------+ +---+ \---->1 | - | | | | | | - | | | \-------------------------------->2 | +---+ - | | | | Mux >-->AMP>--> ADC R - | | \---------------------------------->3 | +-^-+ - | | | | | - | \------------------------------------>4 | r7b3-0 - | | | - \-----*-------------------------------->5 | - | +---^----+ - r6b4-5 | | - | | r8b3-5 - +--v---+ | - -->PreAmp>-/ - +------+ - MIC R (electret mic) diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/btaudio b/Documentation/sound/oss/btaudio deleted file mode 100644 index effdb9a3f898..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/btaudio +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ - -Intro -===== - -people start bugging me about this with questions, looks like I -should write up some documentation for this beast. That way I -don't have to answer that much mails I hope. Yes, I'm lazy... - - -You might have noticed that the bt878 grabber cards have actually -_two_ PCI functions: - -$ lspci -[ ... ] -00:0a.0 Multimedia video controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 (rev 02) -00:0a.1 Multimedia controller: Brooktree Corporation Bt878 (rev 02) -[ ... ] - -The first does video, it is backward compatible to the bt848. The second -does audio. btaudio is a driver for the second function. It's a sound -driver which can be used for recording sound (and _only_ recording, no -playback). As most TV cards come with a short cable which can be plugged -into your sound card's line-in you probably don't need this driver if all -you want to do is just watching TV... - - -Driver Status -============= - -Still somewhat experimental. The driver should work stable, i.e. it -should'nt crash your box. It might not work as expected, have bugs, -not being fully OSS API compliant, ... - -Latest versions are available from http://bytesex.org/bttv/, the -driver is in the bttv tarball. Kernel patches might be available too, -have a look at http://bytesex.org/bttv/listing.html. - -The chip knows two different modes. btaudio registers two dsp -devices, one for each mode. They can not be used at the same time. - - -Digital audio mode -================== - -The chip gives you 16 bit stereo sound. The sample rate depends on -the external source which feeds the bt878 with digital sound via I2S -interface. There is a insmod option (rate) to tell the driver which -sample rate the hardware uses (32000 is the default). - -One possible source for digital sound is the msp34xx audio processor -chip which provides digital sound via I2S with 32 kHz sample rate. My -Hauppauge board works this way. - -The Osprey-200 reportly gives you digital sound with 44100 Hz sample -rate. It is also possible that you get no sound at all. - - -analog mode (A/D) -================= - -You can tell the driver to use this mode with the insmod option "analog=1". -The chip has three analog inputs. Consequently you'll get a mixer device -to control these. - -The analog mode supports mono only. Both 8 + 16 bit. Both are _signed_ -int, which is uncommon for the 8 bit case. Sample rate range is 119 kHz -to 448 kHz. Yes, the number of digits is correct. The driver supports -downsampling by powers of two, so you can ask for more usual sample rates -like 44 kHz too. - -With my Hauppauge I get noisy sound on the second input (mapped to line2 -by the mixer device). Others get a useable signal on line1. - - -some examples -============= - -* read audio data from btaudio (dsp2), send to es1730 (dsp,dsp1): - $ sox -w -r 32000 -t ossdsp /dev/dsp2 -t ossdsp /dev/dsp - -* read audio data from btaudio, send to esound daemon (which might be - running on another host): - $ sox -c 2 -w -r 32000 -t ossdsp /dev/dsp2 -t sw - | esdcat -r 32000 - $ sox -c 1 -w -r 32000 -t ossdsp /dev/dsp2 -t sw - | esdcat -m -r 32000 - - -Have fun, - - Gerd - --- -Gerd Knorr <kraxel@bytesex.org> diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/mwave b/Documentation/sound/oss/mwave deleted file mode 100644 index 5fbcb1609275..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/mwave +++ /dev/null @@ -1,185 +0,0 @@ - How to try to survive an IBM Mwave under Linux SB drivers - - -+ IBM have now released documentation of sorts and Torsten is busy - trying to make the Mwave work. This is not however a trivial task. - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -OK, first thing - the IRQ problem IS a problem, whether the test is bypassed or -not. It is NOT a Linux problem, but an MWAVE problem that is fixed with the -latest MWAVE patches. So, in other words, don't bypass the test for MWAVES! - -I have Windows 95 on /dev/hda1, swap on /dev/hda2, and Red Hat 5 on /dev/hda3. - -The steps, then: - - Boot to Linux. - Mount Windows 95 file system (assume mount point = /dos95). - mkdir /dos95/linux - mkdir /dos95/linux/boot - mkdir /dos95/linux/boot/parms - - Copy the kernel, any initrd image, and loadlin to /dos95/linux/boot/. - - Reboot to Windows 95. - - Edit C:/msdos.sys and add or change the following: - - Logo=0 - BootGUI=0 - - Note that msdos.sys is a text file but it needs to be made 'unhidden', - readable and writable before it can be edited. This can be done with - DOS' "attrib" command. - - Edit config.sys to have multiple config menus. I have one for windows 95 and - five for Linux, like this: ------------- -[menu] -menuitem=W95, Windows 95 -menuitem=LINTP, Linux - ThinkPad -menuitem=LINTP3, Linux - ThinkPad Console -menuitem=LINDOC, Linux - Docked -menuitem=LINDOC3, Linux - Docked Console -menuitem=LIN1, Linux - Single User Mode -REM menudefault=W95,10 - -[W95] - -[LINTP] - -[LINDOC] - -[LINTP3] - -[LINDOC3] - -[LIN1] - -[COMMON] -FILES=30 -REM Please read README.TXT in C:\MWW subdirectory before changing the DOS= statement. -DOS=HIGH,UMB -DEVICE=C:\MWW\MANAGER\MWD50430.EXE -SHELL=c:\command.com /e:2048 -------------------- - -The important things are the SHELL and DEVICE statements. - - Then change autoexec.bat. Basically everything in there originally should be - done ONLY when Windows 95 is booted. Then you add new things specifically - for Linux. Mine is as follows - ---------------- -@ECHO OFF -if "%CONFIG%" == "W95" goto W95 - -REM -REM Linux stuff -REM -SET MWPATH=C:\MWW\DLL;C:\MWW\MWGAMES;C:\MWW\DSP -SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 -SET MWROOT=C:\MWW -SET LIBPATH=C:\MWW\DLL -SET PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\MWW\DLL; -CALL MWAVE START NOSHOW -c:\linux\boot\loadlin.exe @c:\linux\boot\parms\%CONFIG%.par - -:W95 -REM -REM Windows 95 stuff -REM -c:\toolkit\guard -SET MSINPUT=C:\MSINPUT -SET MWPATH=C:\MWW\DLL;C:\MWW\MWGAMES;C:\MWW\DSP -REM The following is used by DOS games to recognize Sound Blaster hardware. -REM If hardware settings are changed, please change this line as well. -REM See the Mwave README file for instructions. -SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 -SET MWROOT=C:\MWW -SET LIBPATH=C:\MWW\DLL -SET PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;E:\ORAWIN95\BIN;f:\msdev\bin;e:\v30\bin.dbg;v:\devt\v30\bin;c:\JavaSDK\Bin;C:\MWW\DLL; -SET INCLUDE=f:\MSDEV\INCLUDE;F:\MSDEV\MFC\INCLUDE -SET LIB=F:\MSDEV\LIB;F:\MSDEV\MFC\LIB -win - ------------------------- - -Now build a file in c:\linux\boot\parms for each Linux config that you have. - -For example, my LINDOC3 config is for a docked Thinkpad at runlevel 3 with no -initrd image, and has a parameter file named LINDOC3.PAR in c:\linux\boot\parms: - ------------------------ -# LOADLIN @param_file image=other_image root=/dev/other -# -# Linux Console in docking station -# -c:\linux\boot\zImage.krn # First value must be filename of Linux kernel. -root=/dev/hda3 # device which gets mounted as root FS -ro # Other kernel arguments go here. -apm=off -doc=yes -3 ------------------------ - -The doc=yes parameter is an environment variable used by my init scripts, not -a kernel argument. - -However, the apm=off parameter IS a kernel argument! APM, at least in my setup, -causes the kernel to crash when loaded via loadlin (but NOT when loaded via -LILO). The APM stuff COULD be forced out of the kernel via the kernel compile -options. Instead, I got an unofficial patch to the APM drivers that allows them -to be dynamically deactivated via kernel arguments. Whatever you chose to -document, APM, it seems, MUST be off for setups like mine. - -Now make sure C:\MWW\MWCONFIG.REF looks like this: - ----------------------- -[NativeDOS] -Default=SB1.5 -SBInputSource=CD -SYNTH=FM -QSound=OFF -Reverb=OFF -Chorus=OFF -ReverbDepth=5 -ChorusDepth=5 -SBInputVolume=5 -SBMainVolume=10 -SBWaveVolume=10 -SBSynthVolume=10 -WaveTableVolume=10 -AudioPowerDriver=ON - -[FastCFG] -Show=No -HideOption=Off ------------------------------ - -OR the Default= line COULD be - -Default=SBPRO - -Reboot to Windows 95 and choose Linux. When booted, use sndconfig to configure -the sound modules and voilà - ThinkPad sound with Linux. - -Now the gotchas - you can either have CD sound OR Mixers but not both. That's a -problem with the SB1.5 (CD sound) or SBPRO (Mixers) settings. No one knows why -this is! - -For some reason MPEG3 files, when played through mpg123, sound like they -are playing at 1/8th speed - not very useful! If you have ANY insight -on why this second thing might be happening, I would be grateful. - -=========================================================== - _/ _/_/_/_/ - _/_/ _/_/ _/ - _/ _/_/ _/_/_/_/ Martin John Bartlett - _/ _/ _/ _/ (martin@nitram.demon.co.uk) -_/ _/_/_/_/ - _/ -_/ _/ - _/_/ -=========================================================== diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt b/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt deleted file mode 100644 index cc675f25eee4..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ - OSS Kernel Parameters - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -See Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst for general information on -specifying module parameters. - -This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command -"modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable -module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also -reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these -parameters may be changed at runtime by the command -"echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}". - - - ad1848= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type> - - aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16 - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c. - - dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers - - mpu401= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - - opl3= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io> - - pas2= [HW,OSS] Format: - <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16> - - pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614) - Format: - <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - - sscape= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - - trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro - Format: - <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq> - - uart401= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - - uart6850= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq> - - waveartist= [HW,OSS] - Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2> diff --git a/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound b/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound deleted file mode 100644 index eed331c738a3..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/sound/oss/ultrasound +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -modprobe sound -insmod ad1848 -insmod gus io=* irq=* dma=* ... - -This loads the driver for the Gravis Ultrasound family of sound cards. - -The gus module takes the following arguments - -io I/O address of the Ultrasound card (eg. io=0x220) -irq IRQ of the Sound Blaster card -dma DMA channel for the Sound Blaster -dma16 2nd DMA channel, only needed for full duplex operation -type 1 for PnP card -gus16 1 for using 16 bit sampling daughter board -no_wave_dma Set to disable DMA usage for wavetable (see note) -db16 ??? - - -no_wave_dma option - -This option defaults to a value of 0, which allows the Ultrasound wavetable -DSP to use DMA for playback and downloading samples. This is the same -as the old behaviour. If set to 1, no DMA is needed for downloading samples, -and allows owners of a GUS MAX to make use of simultaneous digital audio -(/dev/dsp), MIDI, and wavetable playback. - - -If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use -just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA -channel if it's a 16 bit one. diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/README b/Documentation/sysctl/README index 91f54ffa0077..d5f24ab0ecc3 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/README +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/README @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ debug/ <empty> dev/ device specific information (eg dev/cdrom/info) fs/ specific filesystems filehandle, inode, dentry and quota tuning - binfmt_misc <Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt> + binfmt_misc <Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst> kernel/ global kernel info / tuning miscellaneous stuff net/ networking stuff, for documentation look in: diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt index 35e17f748ca7..6c00c1e2743f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ in a mount namespace. ---------------------------------------------------------- Documentation for the files in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc is -in Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt. +in Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst. 3. /proc/sys/fs/mqueue - POSIX message queues filesystem diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt index ce61d1fe08ca..694968c7523c 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt @@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ show up in /proc/sys/kernel: - reboot-cmd [ SPARC only ] - rtsig-max - rtsig-nr +- seccomp/ ==> Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst - sem - sem_next_id [ sysv ipc ] - sg-big-buff [ generic SCSI device (sg) ] diff --git a/Documentation/timers/highres.txt b/Documentation/timers/highres.txt index e8789976e77c..9d88f67781c2 100644 --- a/Documentation/timers/highres.txt +++ b/Documentation/timers/highres.txt @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ High resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes Further information can be found in the paper of the OLS 2006 talk "hrtimers and beyond". The paper is part of the OLS 2006 Proceedings Volume 1, which can be found on the OLS website: -http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/linuxsymposium_procv1.pdf +https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2006/ols2006v1-pages-333-346.pdf The slides to this talk are available from: -http://tglx.de/projects/hrtimers/ols2006-hrtimers.pdf +http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~nahum/w6998/papers/ols2006-hrtimers-slides.pdf The slides contain five figures (pages 2, 15, 18, 20, 22), which illustrate the changes in the time(r) related Linux subsystems. Figure #1 (p. 2) shows the diff --git a/Documentation/trace/ftrace-uses.rst b/Documentation/trace/ftrace-uses.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8494a801d341 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/trace/ftrace-uses.rst @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ +================================= +Using ftrace to hook to functions +================================= + +.. Copyright 2017 VMware Inc. +.. Author: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@goodmis.org> +.. License: The GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 +.. (dual licensed under the GPL v2) + +Written for: 4.14 + +Introduction +============ + +The ftrace infrastructure was originially created to attach callbacks to the +beginning of functions in order to record and trace the flow of the kernel. +But callbacks to the start of a function can have other use cases. Either +for live kernel patching, or for security monitoring. This document describes +how to use ftrace to implement your own function callbacks. + + +The ftrace context +================== + +WARNING: The ability to add a callback to almost any function within the +kernel comes with risks. A callback can be called from any context +(normal, softirq, irq, and NMI). Callbacks can also be called just before +going to idle, during CPU bring up and takedown, or going to user space. +This requires extra care to what can be done inside a callback. A callback +can be called outside the protective scope of RCU. + +The ftrace infrastructure has some protections agains recursions and RCU +but one must still be very careful how they use the callbacks. + + +The ftrace_ops structure +======================== + +To register a function callback, a ftrace_ops is required. This structure +is used to tell ftrace what function should be called as the callback +as well as what protections the callback will perform and not require +ftrace to handle. + +There is only one field that is needed to be set when registering +an ftrace_ops with ftrace:: + +.. code-block: c + + struct ftrace_ops ops = { + .func = my_callback_func, + .flags = MY_FTRACE_FLAGS + .private = any_private_data_structure, + }; + +Both .flags and .private are optional. Only .func is required. + +To enable tracing call:: + +.. c:function:: register_ftrace_function(&ops); + +To disable tracing call:: + +.. c:function:: unregister_ftrace_function(&ops); + +The above is defined by including the header:: + +.. c:function:: #include <linux/ftrace.h> + +The registered callback will start being called some time after the +register_ftrace_function() is called and before it returns. The exact time +that callbacks start being called is dependent upon architecture and scheduling +of services. The callback itself will have to handle any synchronization if it +must begin at an exact moment. + +The unregister_ftrace_function() will guarantee that the callback is +no longer being called by functions after the unregister_ftrace_function() +returns. Note that to perform this guarantee, the unregister_ftrace_function() +may take some time to finish. + + +The callback function +===================== + +The prototype of the callback function is as follows (as of v4.14):: + +.. code-block: c + + void callback_func(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip, + struct ftrace_ops *op, struct pt_regs *regs); + +@ip + This is the instruction pointer of the function that is being traced. + (where the fentry or mcount is within the function) + +@parent_ip + This is the instruction pointer of the function that called the + the function being traced (where the call of the function occurred). + +@op + This is a pointer to ftrace_ops that was used to register the callback. + This can be used to pass data to the callback via the private pointer. + +@regs + If the FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS or FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS_IF_SUPPORTED + flags are set in the ftrace_ops structure, then this will be pointing + to the pt_regs structure like it would be if an breakpoint was placed + at the start of the function where ftrace was tracing. Otherwise it + either contains garbage, or NULL. + + +The ftrace FLAGS +================ + +The ftrace_ops flags are all defined and documented in include/linux/ftrace.h. +Some of the flags are used for internal infrastructure of ftrace, but the +ones that users should be aware of are the following: + +FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS + If the callback requires reading or modifying the pt_regs + passed to the callback, then it must set this flag. Registering + a ftrace_ops with this flag set on an architecture that does not + support passing of pt_regs to the callback will fail. + +FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS_IF_SUPPORTED + Similar to SAVE_REGS but the registering of a + ftrace_ops on an architecture that does not support passing of regs + will not fail with this flag set. But the callback must check if + regs is NULL or not to determine if the architecture supports it. + +FTRACE_OPS_FL_RECURSION_SAFE + By default, a wrapper is added around the callback to + make sure that recursion of the function does not occur. That is, + if a function that is called as a result of the callback's execution + is also traced, ftrace will prevent the callback from being called + again. But this wrapper adds some overhead, and if the callback is + safe from recursion, it can set this flag to disable the ftrace + protection. + + Note, if this flag is set, and recursion does occur, it could cause + the system to crash, and possibly reboot via a triple fault. + + It is OK if another callback traces a function that is called by a + callback that is marked recursion safe. Recursion safe callbacks + must never trace any function that are called by the callback + itself or any nested functions that those functions call. + + If this flag is set, it is possible that the callback will also + be called with preemption enabled (when CONFIG_PREEMPT is set), + but this is not guaranteed. + +FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY + Requires FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS set. If the callback is to "hijack" + the traced function (have another function called instead of the + traced function), it requires setting this flag. This is what live + kernel patches uses. Without this flag the pt_regs->ip can not be + modified. + + Note, only one ftrace_ops with FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY set may be + registered to any given function at a time. + +FTRACE_OPS_FL_RCU + If this is set, then the callback will only be called by functions + where RCU is "watching". This is required if the callback function + performs any rcu_read_lock() operation. + + RCU stops watching when the system goes idle, the time when a CPU + is taken down and comes back online, and when entering from kernel + to user space and back to kernel space. During these transitions, + a callback may be executed and RCU synchronization will not protect + it. + + +Filtering which functions to trace +================================== + +If a callback is only to be called from specific functions, a filter must be +set up. The filters are added by name, or ip if it is known. + +.. code-block: c + + int ftrace_set_filter(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned char *buf, + int len, int reset); + +@ops + The ops to set the filter with + +@buf + The string that holds the function filter text. +@len + The length of the string. + +@reset + Non-zero to reset all filters before applying this filter. + +Filters denote which functions should be enabled when tracing is enabled. +If @buf is NULL and reset is set, all functions will be enabled for tracing. + +The @buf can also be a glob expression to enable all functions that +match a specific pattern. + +See Filter Commands in :file:`Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt`. + +To just trace the schedule function:: + +.. code-block: c + + ret = ftrace_set_filter(&ops, "schedule", strlen("schedule"), 0); + +To add more functions, call the ftrace_set_filter() more than once with the +@reset parameter set to zero. To remove the current filter set and replace it +with new functions defined by @buf, have @reset be non-zero. + +To remove all the filtered functions and trace all functions:: + +.. code-block: c + + ret = ftrace_set_filter(&ops, NULL, 0, 1); + + +Sometimes more than one function has the same name. To trace just a specific +function in this case, ftrace_set_filter_ip() can be used. + +.. code-block: c + + ret = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops, ip, 0, 0); + +Although the ip must be the address where the call to fentry or mcount is +located in the function. This function is used by perf and kprobes that +gets the ip address from the user (usually using debug info from the kernel). + +If a glob is used to set the filter, functions can be added to a "notrace" +list that will prevent those functions from calling the callback. +The "notrace" list takes precedence over the "filter" list. If the +two lists are non-empty and contain the same functions, the callback will not +be called by any function. + +An empty "notrace" list means to allow all functions defined by the filter +to be traced. + +.. code-block: c + + int ftrace_set_notrace(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned char *buf, + int len, int reset); + +This takes the same parameters as ftrace_set_filter() but will add the +functions it finds to not be traced. This is a separate list from the +filter list, and this function does not modify the filter list. + +A non-zero @reset will clear the "notrace" list before adding functions +that match @buf to it. + +Clearing the "notrace" list is the same as clearing the filter list + +.. code-block: c + + ret = ftrace_set_notrace(&ops, NULL, 0, 1); + +The filter and notrace lists may be changed at any time. If only a set of +functions should call the callback, it is best to set the filters before +registering the callback. But the changes may also happen after the callback +has been registered. + +If a filter is in place, and the @reset is non-zero, and @buf contains a +matching glob to functions, the switch will happen during the time of +the ftrace_set_filter() call. At no time will all functions call the callback. + +.. code-block: c + + ftrace_set_filter(&ops, "schedule", strlen("schedule"), 1); + + register_ftrace_function(&ops); + + msleep(10); + + ftrace_set_filter(&ops, "try_to_wake_up", strlen("try_to_wake_up"), 1); + +is not the same as: + +.. code-block: c + + ftrace_set_filter(&ops, "schedule", strlen("schedule"), 1); + + register_ftrace_function(&ops); + + msleep(10); + + ftrace_set_filter(&ops, NULL, 0, 1); + + ftrace_set_filter(&ops, "try_to_wake_up", strlen("try_to_wake_up"), 0); + +As the latter will have a short time where all functions will call +the callback, between the time of the reset, and the time of the +new setting of the filter. diff --git a/Documentation/trace/intel_th.txt b/Documentation/trace/intel_th.txt index f92070e7dde0..7a57165c2492 100644 --- a/Documentation/trace/intel_th.txt +++ b/Documentation/trace/intel_th.txt @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ description is at Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-intel_th-devices-gth. STH registers an stm class device, through which it provides interface to userspace and kernelspace software trace sources. See -Documentation/tracing/stm.txt for more information on that. +Documentation/trace/stm.txt for more information on that. MSU can be configured to collect trace data into a system memory buffer, which can later on be read from its device nodes via read() or diff --git a/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/memory-barriers.txt index a7a813258013..ec3b46e27b7a 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/memory-barriers.txt @@ -1858,18 +1858,6 @@ Mandatory 배리어들은 SMP 시스템에서도 UP 시스템에서도 SMP 효 참고하세요. - (*) lockless_dereference(); - - 이 함수는 smp_read_barrier_depends() 데이터 의존성 배리어를 사용하는 - 포인터 읽어오기 래퍼(wrapper) 함수로 생각될 수 있습니다. - - 객체의 라이프타임이 RCU 외의 메커니즘으로 관리된다는 점을 제외하면 - rcu_dereference() 와도 유사한데, 예를 들면 객체가 시스템이 꺼질 때에만 - 제거되는 경우 등입니다. 또한, lockless_dereference() 은 RCU 와 함께 - 사용될수도, RCU 없이 사용될 수도 있는 일부 데이터 구조에 사용되고 - 있습니다. - - (*) dma_wmb(); (*) dma_rmb(); diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget-testing.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget-testing.txt index fbc397d17e98..441a4b9b666f 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/gadget-testing.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget-testing.txt @@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ host: # cat /dev/usb/lp0 More advanced testing can be done with the prn_example -described in Documentation/usb/gadget-printer.txt. +described in Documentation/usb/gadget_printer.txt. 20. UAC1 function (virtual ALSA card, using u_audio API) diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst index f71eb5ef1f2d..099c412951d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst @@ -87,11 +87,16 @@ Return values A seccomp filter may return any of the following values. If multiple filters exist, the return value for the evaluation of a given system call will always use the highest precedent value. (For example, -``SECCOMP_RET_KILL`` will always take precedence.) +``SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS`` will always take precedence.) In precedence order, they are: -``SECCOMP_RET_KILL``: +``SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS``: + Results in the entire process exiting immediately without executing + the system call. The exit status of the task (``status & 0x7f``) + will be ``SIGSYS``, not ``SIGKILL``. + +``SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD``: Results in the task exiting immediately without executing the system call. The exit status of the task (``status & 0x7f``) will be ``SIGSYS``, not ``SIGKILL``. @@ -141,6 +146,15 @@ In precedence order, they are: allow use of ptrace, even of other sandboxed processes, without extreme care; ptracers can use this mechanism to escape.) +``SECCOMP_RET_LOG``: + Results in the system call being executed after it is logged. This + should be used by application developers to learn which syscalls their + application needs without having to iterate through multiple test and + development cycles to build the list. + + This action will only be logged if "log" is present in the + actions_logged sysctl string. + ``SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW``: Results in the system call being executed. @@ -169,7 +183,41 @@ The ``samples/seccomp/`` directory contains both an x86-specific example and a more generic example of a higher level macro interface for BPF program generation. +Sysctls +======= +Seccomp's sysctl files can be found in the ``/proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/`` +directory. Here's a description of each file in that directory: + +``actions_avail``: + A read-only ordered list of seccomp return values (refer to the + ``SECCOMP_RET_*`` macros above) in string form. The ordering, from + left-to-right, is the least permissive return value to the most + permissive return value. + + The list represents the set of seccomp return values supported + by the kernel. A userspace program may use this list to + determine if the actions found in the ``seccomp.h``, when the + program was built, differs from the set of actions actually + supported in the current running kernel. + +``actions_logged``: + A read-write ordered list of seccomp return values (refer to the + ``SECCOMP_RET_*`` macros above) that are allowed to be logged. Writes + to the file do not need to be in ordered form but reads from the file + will be ordered in the same way as the actions_avail sysctl. + + It is important to note that the value of ``actions_logged`` does not + prevent certain actions from being logged when the audit subsystem is + configured to audit a task. If the action is not found in + ``actions_logged`` list, the final decision on whether to audit the + action for that task is ultimately left up to the audit subsystem to + decide for all seccomp return values other than ``SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW``. + + The ``allow`` string is not accepted in the ``actions_logged`` sysctl + as it is not possible to log ``SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW`` actions. Attempting + to write ``allow`` to the sysctl will result in an EINVAL being + returned. Adding architecture support =========================== diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/hpwdt.txt b/Documentation/watchdog/hpwdt.txt index 7a9f635d0258..6d866c537127 100644 --- a/Documentation/watchdog/hpwdt.txt +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/hpwdt.txt @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Last reviewed: 05/20/2016 Watchdog functionality is enabled like any other common watchdog driver. That is, an application needs to be started that kicks off the watchdog timer. A - basic application exists in the Documentation/watchdog/src directory called + basic application exists in tools/testing/selftests/watchdog/ named watchdog-test.c. Simply compile the C file and kick it off. If the system gets into a bad state and hangs, the HPE ProLiant iLO timer register will not be updated in a timely fashion and a hardware system reset (also known as diff --git a/Documentation/watchdog/pcwd-watchdog.txt b/Documentation/watchdog/pcwd-watchdog.txt index 4f68052395c0..b8e60a441a43 100644 --- a/Documentation/watchdog/pcwd-watchdog.txt +++ b/Documentation/watchdog/pcwd-watchdog.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Last reviewed: 10/05/2007 If you want to write a program to be compatible with the PC Watchdog driver, simply use of modify the watchdog test program: - Documentation/watchdog/src/watchdog-test.c + tools/testing/selftests/watchdog/watchdog-test.c Other IOCTL functions include: diff --git a/Documentation/x86/amd-memory-encryption.txt b/Documentation/x86/amd-memory-encryption.txt index f512ab718541..afc41f544dab 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/amd-memory-encryption.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/amd-memory-encryption.txt @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -Secure Memory Encryption (SME) is a feature found on AMD processors. +Secure Memory Encryption (SME) and Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) are +features found on AMD processors. SME provides the ability to mark individual pages of memory as encrypted using the standard x86 page tables. A page that is marked encrypted will be @@ -6,24 +7,38 @@ automatically decrypted when read from DRAM and encrypted when written to DRAM. SME can therefore be used to protect the contents of DRAM from physical attacks on the system. +SEV enables running encrypted virtual machines (VMs) in which the code and data +of the guest VM are secured so that a decrypted version is available only +within the VM itself. SEV guest VMs have the concept of private and shared +memory. Private memory is encrypted with the guest-specific key, while shared +memory may be encrypted with hypervisor key. When SME is enabled, the hypervisor +key is the same key which is used in SME. + A page is encrypted when a page table entry has the encryption bit set (see below on how to determine its position). The encryption bit can also be specified in the cr3 register, allowing the PGD table to be encrypted. Each successive level of page tables can also be encrypted by setting the encryption bit in the page table entry that points to the next table. This allows the full page table hierarchy to be encrypted. Note, this means that just because the -encryption bit is set in cr3, doesn't imply the full hierarchy is encyrpted. +encryption bit is set in cr3, doesn't imply the full hierarchy is encrypted. Each page table entry in the hierarchy needs to have the encryption bit set to achieve that. So, theoretically, you could have the encryption bit set in cr3 so that the PGD is encrypted, but not set the encryption bit in the PGD entry for a PUD which results in the PUD pointed to by that entry to not be encrypted. -Support for SME can be determined through the CPUID instruction. The CPUID -function 0x8000001f reports information related to SME: +When SEV is enabled, instruction pages and guest page tables are always treated +as private. All the DMA operations inside the guest must be performed on shared +memory. Since the memory encryption bit is controlled by the guest OS when it +is operating in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode, in all other modes the SEV hardware +forces the memory encryption bit to 1. + +Support for SME and SEV can be determined through the CPUID instruction. The +CPUID function 0x8000001f reports information related to SME: 0x8000001f[eax]: Bit[0] indicates support for SME + Bit[1] indicates support for SEV 0x8000001f[ebx]: Bits[5:0] pagetable bit number used to activate memory encryption @@ -39,6 +54,13 @@ determine if SME is enabled and/or to enable memory encryption: Bit[23] 0 = memory encryption features are disabled 1 = memory encryption features are enabled +If SEV is supported, MSR 0xc0010131 (MSR_AMD64_SEV) can be used to determine if +SEV is active: + + 0xc0010131: + Bit[0] 0 = memory encryption is not active + 1 = memory encryption is active + Linux relies on BIOS to set this bit if BIOS has determined that the reduction in the physical address space as a result of enabling memory encryption (see CPUID information above) will not conflict with the address space resource diff --git a/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt index 4d8848e4e224..6851854cf69d 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt @@ -87,6 +87,17 @@ with the following files: bytes) at which a previously used LLC_occupancy counter can be considered for re-use. +Finally, in the top level of the "info" directory there is a file +named "last_cmd_status". This is reset with every "command" issued +via the file system (making new directories or writing to any of the +control files). If the command was successful, it will read as "ok". +If the command failed, it will provide more information that can be +conveyed in the error returns from file operations. E.g. + + # echo L3:0=f7 > schemata + bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument + # cat info/last_cmd_status + mask f7 has non-consecutive 1-bits Resource alloc and monitor groups --------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt b/Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt index af0c9a4c65a6..cd4b29be29af 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ORC unwinder Overview -------- -The kernel CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER option enables the ORC unwinder, which is +The kernel CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC option enables the ORC unwinder, which is similar in concept to a DWARF unwinder. The difference is that the format of the ORC data is much simpler than DWARF, which in turn allows the ORC unwinder to be much simpler and faster. diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt index b0798e281aa6..3448e675b462 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ ff92000000000000 - ffd1ffffffffffff (=54 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space ffd2000000000000 - ffd3ffffffffffff (=49 bits) hole ffd4000000000000 - ffd5ffffffffffff (=49 bits) virtual memory map (512TB) ... unused hole ... -ffd8000000000000 - fff7ffffffffffff (=53 bits) kasan shadow memory (8PB) +ffdf000000000000 - fffffc0000000000 (=53 bits) kasan shadow memory (8PB) ... unused hole ... ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks ... unused hole ... |
