License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

29 files changed, 29 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/Makefile
index 72c3ac2323e1..f6b1338730db 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Makefile for powerpc selftests
 
 # ARCH can be overridden by the user for cross compiling
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/Makefile
index fb96a89bd953..a35058e3766c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/benchmarks/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_GEN_PROGS := gettimeofday context_switch mmap_bench futex_bench null_syscall
 
 CFLAGS += -O2
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/cache_shape/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/cache_shape/Makefile
index b24485ab30e2..1be547434a49 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/cache_shape/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/cache_shape/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_PROGS := cache_shape
 
 all: $(TEST_PROGS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/Makefile
index 681ab19d0a84..ac4a52e19e59 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # The loops are all 64-bit code
 CFLAGS += -m64
 CFLAGS += -I$(CURDIR)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/export.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/export.h
index 2d14a9b4248c..0bab35f6777a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/export.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/export.h
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #define EXPORT_SYMBOL(x)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/ppc_asm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
index 80d34a9ffff4..5ffe04d802c9 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <ppc-asm.h>
 
 #define CONFIG_ALTIVEC
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/validate.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/validate.c
index 7fb436f82d16..0f6873618552 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/validate.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/copyloops/validate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/dscr/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/dscr/Makefile
index c5639deb8887..55d7db7a616b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/dscr/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/dscr/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_GEN_PROGS := dscr_default_test dscr_explicit_test dscr_user_test	\
 	      dscr_inherit_test dscr_inherit_exec_test dscr_sysfs_test	\
 	      dscr_sysfs_thread_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/basic_asm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/basic_asm.h
index 12eaddf72e66..886dc026fe7a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/basic_asm.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/basic_asm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _SELFTESTS_POWERPC_BASIC_ASM_H
 #define _SELFTESTS_POWERPC_BASIC_ASM_H
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/instructions.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/instructions.h
index 0fb0bd3b28c9..f36061eb6f0f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/instructions.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/include/instructions.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _SELFTESTS_POWERPC_INSTRUCTIONS_H
 #define _SELFTESTS_POWERPC_INSTRUCTIONS_H
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/math/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/math/Makefile
index fa8bae920c91..0dd3a01fdab9 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/math/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/math/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_GEN_PROGS := fpu_syscall fpu_preempt fpu_signal vmx_syscall vmx_preempt vmx_signal vsx_preempt
 
 include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/Makefile
index 1cffe54dccfb..bf315bcbe663 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 noarg:
 	$(MAKE) -C ../
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/hugetlb_vs_thp_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/hugetlb_vs_thp_test.c
index 49003674de4f..9932359ce38f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/hugetlb_vs_thp_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/mm/hugetlb_vs_thp_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/Makefile
index e4e55d1d3e0f..6e1629bf5b09 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 noarg:
 	$(MAKE) -C ../
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/Makefile
index 6001fb0a377a..c4e64bc2e265 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 noarg:
 	$(MAKE) -C ../../
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/ptrace/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/ptrace/Makefile
index 8932263e5a74..480305266504 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/ptrace/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/ptrace/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_PROGS := ptrace-gpr ptrace-tm-gpr ptrace-tm-spd-gpr \
               ptrace-tar ptrace-tm-tar ptrace-tm-spd-tar ptrace-vsx ptrace-tm-vsx \
               ptrace-tm-spd-vsx ptrace-tm-spr
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/signal/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/signal/Makefile
index f0eef27458e2..a7cbd5082e27 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/signal/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/signal/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_PROGS := signal signal_tm
 
 all: $(TEST_PROGS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/Makefile
index 557b9379f3bb..1125e489055e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # The loops are all 64-bit code
 CFLAGS += -m64
 CFLAGS += -I$(CURDIR)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/asm/ppc_asm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
index 11bece87e880..136242ec4b0e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/asm/ppc_asm.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <ppc-asm.h>
 
 #ifndef r1
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/memcmp.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/memcmp.c
index 30b1222380ca..8250db25b379 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/memcmp.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/stringloops/memcmp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/Makefile
index b92c2a132c4f..30b8ff8fb82e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 TEST_GEN_PROGS := switch_endian_test
 
 ASFLAGS += -O2 -Wall -g -nostdlib -m64
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/check.S b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/check.S
index e2484d2c24f4..927a5c675e83 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/check.S
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/check.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include "common.h"
 
 /*
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/common.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/common.h
index 69e399698c64..1434cbc2a6ad 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/common.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/common.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <ppc-asm.h>
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/switch_endian_test.S b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/switch_endian_test.S
index bceb53f57573..cc4930467235 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/switch_endian_test.S
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/switch_endian/switch_endian_test.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include "common.h"
 
 	.data
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/syscalls/ipc.h b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/syscalls/ipc.h
index fbebc022edf6..26a20682c9a4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/syscalls/ipc.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/syscalls/ipc.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef __NR_semop
 DO_TEST(semop, __NR_semop)
 #endif
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile
index 7bfcd454fb2a..fca7c7f5e640 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 SIGNAL_CONTEXT_CHK_TESTS := tm-signal-context-chk-gpr tm-signal-context-chk-fpu \
 	tm-signal-context-chk-vmx tm-signal-context-chk-vsx
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-resched-dscr.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-resched-dscr.c
index a7ac2e4c60d9..4cdb83964bb3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-resched-dscr.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-resched-dscr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Test context switching to see if the DSCR SPR is correctly preserved
  * when within a transaction.
  *
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-syscall-asm.S b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-syscall-asm.S
index 431f61ae2368..bd1ca25febe4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-syscall-asm.S
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/tm/tm-syscall-asm.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <ppc-asm.h>
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/vphn/test-vphn.c b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/vphn/test-vphn.c
index 5742f6876b25..81d3069ffb84 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/vphn/test-vphn.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/vphn/test-vphn.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <byteswap.h>
 #include "utils.h"