landlock: Fix same-layer rule unions

The original behavior was to check if the full set of requested accesses
was allowed by at least a rule of every relevant layer.  This didn't
take into account requests for multiple accesses and same-layer rules
allowing the union of these accesses in a complementary way.  As a
result, multiple accesses requested on a file hierarchy matching rules
that, together, allowed these accesses, but without a unique rule
allowing all of them, was illegitimately denied.  This case should be
rare in practice and it can only be triggered by the path_rename or
file_open hook implementations.

For instance, if, for the same layer, a rule allows execution
beneath /a/b and another rule allows read beneath /a, requesting access
to read and execute at the same time for /a/b should be allowed for this
layer.

This was an inconsistency because the union of same-layer rule accesses
was already allowed if requested once at a time anyway.

This fix changes the way allowed accesses are gathered over a path walk.
To take into account all these rule accesses, we store in a matrix all
layer granting the set of requested accesses, according to the handled
accesses.  To avoid heap allocation, we use an array on the stack which
is 2*13 bytes.  A following commit bringing the LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER
access right will increase this size to reach 112 bytes (2*14*4) in case
of link or rename actions.

Add a new layout1.layer_rule_unions test to check that accesses from
different rules pertaining to the same layer are ORed in a file
hierarchy.  Also test that it is not the case for rules from different
layers.

Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220506161102.525323-5-mic@digikod.net
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>

2 files changed, 54 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/security/landlock/fs.c b/security/landlock/fs.c
index 20953bff8fd5..c5749301b37d 100644
--- a/security/landlock/fs.c
+++ b/security/landlock/fs.c
@@ -207,45 +207,67 @@ find_rule(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain,
 	return rule;
 }
 
-static inline layer_mask_t unmask_layers(const struct landlock_rule *const rule,
-					 const access_mask_t access_request,
-					 layer_mask_t layer_mask)
+/*
+ * @layer_masks is read and may be updated according to the access request and
+ * the matching rule.
+ *
+ * Returns true if the request is allowed (i.e. relevant layer masks for the
+ * request are empty).
+ */
+static inline bool
+unmask_layers(const struct landlock_rule *const rule,
+	      const access_mask_t access_request,
+	      layer_mask_t (*const layer_masks)[LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_FS])
 {
 	size_t layer_level;
 
+	if (!access_request || !layer_masks)
+		return true;
 	if (!rule)
-		return layer_mask;
+		return false;
 
 	/*
 	 * An access is granted if, for each policy layer, at least one rule
-	 * encountered on the pathwalk grants the requested accesses,
-	 * regardless of their position in the layer stack.  We must then check
+	 * encountered on the pathwalk grants the requested access,
+	 * regardless of its position in the layer stack.  We must then check
 	 * the remaining layers for each inode, from the first added layer to
-	 * the last one.
+	 * the last one.  When there is multiple requested accesses, for each
+	 * policy layer, the full set of requested accesses may not be granted
+	 * by only one rule, but by the union (binary OR) of multiple rules.
+	 * E.g. /a/b <execute> + /a <read> => /a/b <execute + read>
 	 */
 	for (layer_level = 0; layer_level < rule->num_layers; layer_level++) {
 		const struct landlock_layer *const layer =
 			&rule->layers[layer_level];
 		const layer_mask_t layer_bit = BIT_ULL(layer->level - 1);
+		const unsigned long access_req = access_request;
+		unsigned long access_bit;
+		bool is_empty;
 
-		/* Checks that the layer grants access to the full request. */
-		if ((layer->access & access_request) == access_request) {
-			layer_mask &= ~layer_bit;
-
-			if (layer_mask == 0)
-				return layer_mask;
+		/*
+		 * Records in @layer_masks which layer grants access to each
+		 * requested access.
+		 */
+		is_empty = true;
+		for_each_set_bit(access_bit, &access_req,
+				 ARRAY_SIZE(*layer_masks)) {
+			if (layer->access & BIT_ULL(access_bit))
+				(*layer_masks)[access_bit] &= ~layer_bit;
+			is_empty = is_empty && !(*layer_masks)[access_bit];
 		}
+		if (is_empty)
+			return true;
 	}
-	return layer_mask;
+	return false;
 }
 
 static int check_access_path(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain,
 			     const struct path *const path,
 			     const access_mask_t access_request)
 {
-	bool allowed = false;
+	layer_mask_t layer_masks[LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_FS] = {};
+	bool allowed = false, has_access = false;
 	struct path walker_path;
-	layer_mask_t layer_mask;
 	size_t i;
 
 	if (!access_request)
@@ -265,13 +287,20 @@ static int check_access_path(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain,
 		return -EACCES;
 
 	/* Saves all layers handling a subset of requested accesses. */
-	layer_mask = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < domain->num_layers; i++) {
-		if (domain->fs_access_masks[i] & access_request)
-			layer_mask |= BIT_ULL(i);
+		const unsigned long access_req = access_request;
+		unsigned long access_bit;
+
+		for_each_set_bit(access_bit, &access_req,
+				 ARRAY_SIZE(layer_masks)) {
+			if (domain->fs_access_masks[i] & BIT_ULL(access_bit)) {
+				layer_masks[access_bit] |= BIT_ULL(i);
+				has_access = true;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	/* An access request not handled by the domain is allowed. */
-	if (layer_mask == 0)
+	if (!has_access)
 		return 0;
 
 	walker_path = *path;
@@ -283,14 +312,11 @@ static int check_access_path(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain,
 	while (true) {
 		struct dentry *parent_dentry;
 
-		layer_mask =
-			unmask_layers(find_rule(domain, walker_path.dentry),
-				      access_request, layer_mask);
-		if (layer_mask == 0) {
+		allowed = unmask_layers(find_rule(domain, walker_path.dentry),
+					access_request, &layer_masks);
+		if (allowed)
 			/* Stops when a rule from each layer grants access. */
-			allowed = true;
 			break;
-		}
 
 jump_up:
 		if (walker_path.dentry == walker_path.mnt->mnt_root) {
diff --git a/security/landlock/ruleset.h b/security/landlock/ruleset.h
index 521af2848951..d43231b783e4 100644
--- a/security/landlock/ruleset.h
+++ b/security/landlock/ruleset.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 typedef u16 access_mask_t;
 /* Makes sure all filesystem access rights can be stored. */
 static_assert(BITS_PER_TYPE(access_mask_t) >= LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_FS);
+/* Makes sure for_each_set_bit() and for_each_clear_bit() calls are OK. */
+static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(access_mask_t));
 
 typedef u16 layer_mask_t;
 /* Makes sure all layers can be checked. */