Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
 "173 patches.

  Subsystems affected by this series: ia64, ocfs2, block, and mm (debug,
  pagecache, gup, swap, shmem, memcg, selftests, pagemap, mremap,
  bootmem, sparsemem, vmalloc, kasan, pagealloc, memory-failure,
  hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, compaction, mempolicy, memblock,
  oom-kill, migration, ksm, percpu, vmstat, and madvise)"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (173 commits)
  mm/madvise: add MADV_WILLNEED to process_madvise()
  mm/vmstat: remove unneeded return value
  mm/vmstat: simplify the array size calculation
  mm/vmstat: correct some wrong comments
  mm/percpu,c: remove obsolete comments of pcpu_chunk_populated()
  selftests: vm: add COW time test for KSM pages
  selftests: vm: add KSM merging time test
  mm: KSM: fix data type
  selftests: vm: add KSM merging across nodes test
  selftests: vm: add KSM zero page merging test
  selftests: vm: add KSM unmerge test
  selftests: vm: add KSM merge test
  mm/migrate: correct kernel-doc notation
  mm: wire up syscall process_mrelease
  mm: introduce process_mrelease system call
  memblock: make memblock_find_in_range method private
  mm/mempolicy.c: use in_task() in mempolicy_slab_node()
  mm/mempolicy: unify the create() func for bind/interleave/prefer-many policies
  mm/mempolicy: advertise new MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY
  mm/hugetlb: add support for mempolicy MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY
  ...

1 files changed, 559 insertions, 359 deletions

diff --git a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
index 1c922691aa61..1403639302e4 100644
--- a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
+++ b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
+
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 
@@ -58,10 +60,41 @@
 #define RANDOM_ORVALUE (GENMASK(BITS_PER_LONG - 1, 0) & ~ARCH_SKIP_MASK)
 #define RANDOM_NZVALUE	GENMASK(7, 0)
 
-static void __init pte_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx)
+struct pgtable_debug_args {
+	struct mm_struct	*mm;
+	struct vm_area_struct	*vma;
+
+	pgd_t			*pgdp;
+	p4d_t			*p4dp;
+	pud_t			*pudp;
+	pmd_t			*pmdp;
+	pte_t			*ptep;
+
+	p4d_t			*start_p4dp;
+	pud_t			*start_pudp;
+	pmd_t			*start_pmdp;
+	pgtable_t		start_ptep;
+
+	unsigned long		vaddr;
+	pgprot_t		page_prot;
+	pgprot_t		page_prot_none;
+
+	bool			is_contiguous_page;
+	unsigned long		pud_pfn;
+	unsigned long		pmd_pfn;
+	unsigned long		pte_pfn;
+
+	unsigned long		fixed_pgd_pfn;
+	unsigned long		fixed_p4d_pfn;
+	unsigned long		fixed_pud_pfn;
+	unsigned long		fixed_pmd_pfn;
+	unsigned long		fixed_pte_pfn;
+};
+
+static void __init pte_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
 {
 	pgprot_t prot = protection_map[idx];
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, prot);
 	unsigned long val = idx, *ptr = &val;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PTE basic (%pGv)\n", ptr);
@@ -86,53 +119,63 @@ static void __init pte_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx)
 	WARN_ON(!pte_dirty(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkdirty(pte))));
 }
 
-static void __init pte_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *ptep,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
+	struct page *page;
 	pte_t pte;
 
 	/*
 	 * Architectures optimize set_pte_at by avoiding TLB flush.
 	 * This requires set_pte_at to be not used to update an
 	 * existing pte entry. Clear pte before we do set_pte_at
+	 *
+	 * flush_dcache_page() is called after set_pte_at() to clear
+	 * PG_arch_1 for the page on ARM64. The page flag isn't cleared
+	 * when it's released and page allocation check will fail when
+	 * the page is allocated again. For architectures other than ARM64,
+	 * the unexpected overhead of cache flushing is acceptable.
 	 */
+	page = (args->pte_pfn != ULONG_MAX) ? pfn_to_page(args->pte_pfn) : NULL;
+	if (!page)
+		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PTE advanced\n");
-	pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
-	set_pte_at(mm, vaddr, ptep, pte);
-	ptep_set_wrprotect(mm, vaddr, ptep);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	pte = pfn_pte(args->pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
+	set_pte_at(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep, pte);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	ptep_set_wrprotect(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(pte_write(pte));
-	ptep_get_and_clear(mm, vaddr, ptep);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	ptep_get_and_clear(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(!pte_none(pte));
 
-	pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte = pfn_pte(args->pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	pte = pte_wrprotect(pte);
 	pte = pte_mkclean(pte);
-	set_pte_at(mm, vaddr, ptep, pte);
+	set_pte_at(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep, pte);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
 	pte = pte_mkwrite(pte);
 	pte = pte_mkdirty(pte);
-	ptep_set_access_flags(vma, vaddr, ptep, pte, 1);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	ptep_set_access_flags(args->vma, args->vaddr, args->ptep, pte, 1);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(!(pte_write(pte) && pte_dirty(pte)));
-	ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, vaddr, ptep, 1);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	ptep_get_and_clear_full(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep, 1);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(!pte_none(pte));
 
-	pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte = pfn_pte(args->pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	pte = pte_mkyoung(pte);
-	set_pte_at(mm, vaddr, ptep, pte);
-	ptep_test_and_clear_young(vma, vaddr, ptep);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	set_pte_at(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep, pte);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	ptep_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, args->vaddr, args->ptep);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(pte_young(pte));
 }
 
-static void __init pte_savedwrite_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_savedwrite_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot_none);
 
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING))
 		return;
@@ -143,7 +186,7 @@ static void __init pte_savedwrite_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static void __init pmd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx)
+static void __init pmd_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
 {
 	pgprot_t prot = protection_map[idx];
 	unsigned long val = idx, *ptr = &val;
@@ -153,7 +196,7 @@ static void __init pmd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD basic (%pGv)\n", ptr);
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, prot);
 
 	/*
 	 * This test needs to be executed after the given page table entry
@@ -181,57 +224,70 @@ static void __init pmd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx)
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_bad(pmd_mkhuge(pmd)));
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmdp,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot, pgtable_t pgtable)
+static void __init pmd_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
+	struct page *page;
 	pmd_t pmd;
+	unsigned long vaddr = args->vaddr;
 
 	if (!has_transparent_hugepage())
 		return;
 
+	page = (args->pmd_pfn != ULONG_MAX) ? pfn_to_page(args->pmd_pfn) : NULL;
+	if (!page)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * flush_dcache_page() is called after set_pmd_at() to clear
+	 * PG_arch_1 for the page on ARM64. The page flag isn't cleared
+	 * when it's released and page allocation check will fail when
+	 * the page is allocated again. For architectures other than ARM64,
+	 * the unexpected overhead of cache flushing is acceptable.
+	 */
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD advanced\n");
 	/* Align the address wrt HPAGE_PMD_SIZE */
 	vaddr &= HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
 
-	pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(mm, pmdp, pgtable);
+	pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(args->mm, args->pmdp, args->start_ptep);
 
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
-	set_pmd_at(mm, vaddr, pmdp, pmd);
-	pmdp_set_wrprotect(mm, vaddr, pmdp);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
+	set_pmd_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp, pmd);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	pmdp_set_wrprotect(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(pmd_write(pmd));
-	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, vaddr, pmdp);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_none(pmd));
 
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	pmd = pmd_wrprotect(pmd);
 	pmd = pmd_mkclean(pmd);
-	set_pmd_at(mm, vaddr, pmdp, pmd);
+	set_pmd_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp, pmd);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
 	pmd = pmd_mkwrite(pmd);
 	pmd = pmd_mkdirty(pmd);
-	pmdp_set_access_flags(vma, vaddr, pmdp, pmd, 1);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmdp_set_access_flags(args->vma, vaddr, args->pmdp, pmd, 1);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(!(pmd_write(pmd) && pmd_dirty(pmd)));
-	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(vma, vaddr, pmdp, 1);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(args->vma, vaddr, args->pmdp, 1);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_none(pmd));
 
-	pmd = pmd_mkhuge(pfn_pmd(pfn, prot));
+	pmd = pmd_mkhuge(pfn_pmd(args->pmd_pfn, args->page_prot));
 	pmd = pmd_mkyoung(pmd);
-	set_pmd_at(mm, vaddr, pmdp, pmd);
-	pmdp_test_and_clear_young(vma, vaddr, pmdp);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	set_pmd_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp, pmd);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	pmdp_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, vaddr, args->pmdp);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(pmd_young(pmd));
 
 	/*  Clear the pte entries  */
-	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, vaddr, pmdp);
-	pgtable = pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(mm, pmdp);
+	pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(args->mm, vaddr, args->pmdp);
+	pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(args->mm, args->pmdp);
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -239,7 +295,7 @@ static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD leaf\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	/*
 	 * PMD based THP is a leaf entry.
@@ -248,7 +304,7 @@ static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_leaf(pmd));
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_savedwrite_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_savedwrite_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -259,13 +315,13 @@ static void __init pmd_savedwrite_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD saved write\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot_none);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_savedwrite(pmd_mk_savedwrite(pmd_clear_savedwrite(pmd))));
 	WARN_ON(pmd_savedwrite(pmd_clear_savedwrite(pmd_mk_savedwrite(pmd))));
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
-static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int idx)
+static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
 {
 	pgprot_t prot = protection_map[idx];
 	unsigned long val = idx, *ptr = &val;
@@ -275,7 +331,7 @@ static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD basic (%pGv)\n", ptr);
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->fixed_pud_pfn, prot);
 
 	/*
 	 * This test needs to be executed after the given page table entry
@@ -296,7 +352,7 @@ static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int
 	WARN_ON(pud_dirty(pud_wrprotect(pud_mkclean(pud))));
 	WARN_ON(!pud_dirty(pud_wrprotect(pud_mkdirty(pud))));
 
-	if (mm_pmd_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_pmd_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	/*
@@ -306,58 +362,71 @@ static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int
 	WARN_ON(!pud_bad(pud_mkhuge(pud)));
 }
 
-static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pudp,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
+	struct page *page;
+	unsigned long vaddr = args->vaddr;
 	pud_t pud;
 
 	if (!has_transparent_hugepage())
 		return;
 
+	page = (args->pud_pfn != ULONG_MAX) ? pfn_to_page(args->pud_pfn) : NULL;
+	if (!page)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * flush_dcache_page() is called after set_pud_at() to clear
+	 * PG_arch_1 for the page on ARM64. The page flag isn't cleared
+	 * when it's released and page allocation check will fail when
+	 * the page is allocated again. For architectures other than ARM64,
+	 * the unexpected overhead of cache flushing is acceptable.
+	 */
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD advanced\n");
 	/* Align the address wrt HPAGE_PUD_SIZE */
 	vaddr &= HPAGE_PUD_MASK;
 
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
-	set_pud_at(mm, vaddr, pudp, pud);
-	pudp_set_wrprotect(mm, vaddr, pudp);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
+	set_pud_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp, pud);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	pudp_set_wrprotect(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(pud_write(pud));
 
 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
-	pudp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, vaddr, pudp);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pudp_huge_get_and_clear(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_none(pud));
 #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	pud = pud_wrprotect(pud);
 	pud = pud_mkclean(pud);
-	set_pud_at(mm, vaddr, pudp, pud);
+	set_pud_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp, pud);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
 	pud = pud_mkwrite(pud);
 	pud = pud_mkdirty(pud);
-	pudp_set_access_flags(vma, vaddr, pudp, pud, 1);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pudp_set_access_flags(args->vma, vaddr, args->pudp, pud, 1);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(!(pud_write(pud) && pud_dirty(pud)));
 
 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
-	pudp_huge_get_and_clear_full(mm, vaddr, pudp, 1);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pudp_huge_get_and_clear_full(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp, 1);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_none(pud));
 #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
 
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	pud = pud_mkyoung(pud);
-	set_pud_at(mm, vaddr, pudp, pud);
-	pudp_test_and_clear_young(vma, vaddr, pudp);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	set_pud_at(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp, pud);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
+	pudp_test_and_clear_young(args->vma, vaddr, args->pudp);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(pud_young(pud));
 
-	pudp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, vaddr, pudp);
+	pudp_huge_get_and_clear(args->mm, vaddr, args->pudp);
 }
 
-static void __init pud_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pud_leaf_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pud_t pud;
 
@@ -365,7 +434,7 @@ static void __init pud_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD leaf\n");
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->fixed_pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	/*
 	 * PUD based THP is a leaf entry.
 	 */
@@ -373,41 +442,26 @@ static void __init pud_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	WARN_ON(!pud_leaf(pud));
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
-static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int idx) { }
-static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pudp,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot)
-{
-}
-static void __init pud_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx) { }
+static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_leaf_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
 #else  /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
-static void __init pmd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, int idx) { }
-static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, int idx) { }
-static void __init pmd_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmdp,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot, pgtable_t pgtable)
-{
-}
-static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct mm_struct *mm,
-				      struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pudp,
-				      unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				      pgprot_t prot)
-{
-}
-static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pud_leaf_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pmd_savedwrite_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx) { }
+static void __init pud_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx) { }
+static void __init pmd_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pmd_leaf_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_leaf_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pmd_savedwrite_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
-static void __init pmd_huge_tests(pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_huge_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
-	if (!arch_vmap_pmd_supported(prot))
+	if (!arch_vmap_pmd_supported(args->page_prot))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD huge\n");
@@ -415,18 +469,18 @@ static void __init pmd_huge_tests(pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	 * X86 defined pmd_set_huge() verifies that the given
 	 * PMD is not a populated non-leaf entry.
 	 */
-	WRITE_ONCE(*pmdp, __pmd(0));
-	WARN_ON(!pmd_set_huge(pmdp, __pfn_to_phys(pfn), prot));
-	WARN_ON(!pmd_clear_huge(pmdp));
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->pmdp, __pmd(0));
+	WARN_ON(!pmd_set_huge(args->pmdp, __pfn_to_phys(args->fixed_pmd_pfn), args->page_prot));
+	WARN_ON(!pmd_clear_huge(args->pmdp));
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_none(pmd));
 }
 
-static void __init pud_huge_tests(pud_t *pudp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pud_huge_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pud_t pud;
 
-	if (!arch_vmap_pud_supported(prot))
+	if (!arch_vmap_pud_supported(args->page_prot))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD huge\n");
@@ -434,18 +488,18 @@ static void __init pud_huge_tests(pud_t *pudp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	 * X86 defined pud_set_huge() verifies that the given
 	 * PUD is not a populated non-leaf entry.
 	 */
-	WRITE_ONCE(*pudp, __pud(0));
-	WARN_ON(!pud_set_huge(pudp, __pfn_to_phys(pfn), prot));
-	WARN_ON(!pud_clear_huge(pudp));
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->pudp, __pud(0));
+	WARN_ON(!pud_set_huge(args->pudp, __pfn_to_phys(args->fixed_pud_pfn), args->page_prot));
+	WARN_ON(!pud_clear_huge(args->pudp));
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_none(pud));
 }
 #else /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
-static void __init pmd_huge_tests(pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pud_huge_tests(pud_t *pudp, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_huge_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_huge_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
 
-static void __init p4d_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init p4d_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	p4d_t p4d;
 
@@ -454,7 +508,7 @@ static void __init p4d_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	WARN_ON(!p4d_same(p4d, p4d));
 }
 
-static void __init pgd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pgd_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pgd_t pgd;
 
@@ -464,27 +518,26 @@ static void __init pgd_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 }
 
 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
-static void __init pud_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pudp)
+static void __init pud_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 
-	if (mm_pmd_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_pmd_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD clear\n");
 	pud = __pud(pud_val(pud) | RANDOM_ORVALUE);
-	WRITE_ONCE(*pudp, pud);
-	pud_clear(pudp);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->pudp, pud);
+	pud_clear(args->pudp);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_none(pud));
 }
 
-static void __init pud_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pudp,
-				      pmd_t *pmdp)
+static void __init pud_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pud_t pud;
 
-	if (mm_pmd_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_pmd_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD populate\n");
@@ -492,40 +545,36 @@ static void __init pud_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pudp,
 	 * This entry points to next level page table page.
 	 * Hence this must not qualify as pud_bad().
 	 */
-	pud_populate(mm, pudp, pmdp);
-	pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
+	pud_populate(args->mm, args->pudp, args->start_pmdp);
+	pud = READ_ONCE(*args->pudp);
 	WARN_ON(pud_bad(pud));
 }
 #else  /* !__PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED */
-static void __init pud_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pudp) { }
-static void __init pud_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pudp,
-				      pmd_t *pmdp)
-{
-}
+static void __init pud_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED */
 
 #ifndef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
-static void __init p4d_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4dp)
+static void __init p4d_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	p4d_t p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
+	p4d_t p4d = READ_ONCE(*args->p4dp);
 
-	if (mm_pud_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_pud_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating P4D clear\n");
 	p4d = __p4d(p4d_val(p4d) | RANDOM_ORVALUE);
-	WRITE_ONCE(*p4dp, p4d);
-	p4d_clear(p4dp);
-	p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->p4dp, p4d);
+	p4d_clear(args->p4dp);
+	p4d = READ_ONCE(*args->p4dp);
 	WARN_ON(!p4d_none(p4d));
 }
 
-static void __init p4d_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4dp,
-				      pud_t *pudp)
+static void __init p4d_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	p4d_t p4d;
 
-	if (mm_pud_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_pud_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating P4D populate\n");
@@ -533,34 +582,33 @@ static void __init p4d_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4dp,
 	 * This entry points to next level page table page.
 	 * Hence this must not qualify as p4d_bad().
 	 */
-	pud_clear(pudp);
-	p4d_clear(p4dp);
-	p4d_populate(mm, p4dp, pudp);
-	p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
+	pud_clear(args->pudp);
+	p4d_clear(args->p4dp);
+	p4d_populate(args->mm, args->p4dp, args->start_pudp);
+	p4d = READ_ONCE(*args->p4dp);
 	WARN_ON(p4d_bad(p4d));
 }
 
-static void __init pgd_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgdp)
+static void __init pgd_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pgd_t pgd = READ_ONCE(*pgdp);
+	pgd_t pgd = READ_ONCE(*(args->pgdp));
 
-	if (mm_p4d_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_p4d_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PGD clear\n");
 	pgd = __pgd(pgd_val(pgd) | RANDOM_ORVALUE);
-	WRITE_ONCE(*pgdp, pgd);
-	pgd_clear(pgdp);
-	pgd = READ_ONCE(*pgdp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->pgdp, pgd);
+	pgd_clear(args->pgdp);
+	pgd = READ_ONCE(*args->pgdp);
 	WARN_ON(!pgd_none(pgd));
 }
 
-static void __init pgd_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgdp,
-				      p4d_t *p4dp)
+static void __init pgd_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pgd_t pgd;
 
-	if (mm_p4d_folded(mm))
+	if (mm_p4d_folded(args->mm))
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PGD populate\n");
@@ -568,56 +616,60 @@ static void __init pgd_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgdp,
 	 * This entry points to next level page table page.
 	 * Hence this must not qualify as pgd_bad().
 	 */
-	p4d_clear(p4dp);
-	pgd_clear(pgdp);
-	pgd_populate(mm, pgdp, p4dp);
-	pgd = READ_ONCE(*pgdp);
+	p4d_clear(args->p4dp);
+	pgd_clear(args->pgdp);
+	pgd_populate(args->mm, args->pgdp, args->start_p4dp);
+	pgd = READ_ONCE(*args->pgdp);
 	WARN_ON(pgd_bad(pgd));
 }
 #else  /* !__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED */
-static void __init p4d_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4dp) { }
-static void __init pgd_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgdp) { }
-static void __init p4d_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4dp,
-				      pud_t *pudp)
-{
-}
-static void __init pgd_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgdp,
-				      p4d_t *p4dp)
-{
-}
+static void __init p4d_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pgd_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init p4d_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pgd_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED */
 
-static void __init pte_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pte_t *ptep,
-				   unsigned long pfn, unsigned long vaddr,
-				   pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	struct page *page;
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
+
+	page = (args->pte_pfn != ULONG_MAX) ? pfn_to_page(args->pte_pfn) : NULL;
+	if (!page)
+		return;
 
+	/*
+	 * flush_dcache_page() is called after set_pte_at() to clear
+	 * PG_arch_1 for the page on ARM64. The page flag isn't cleared
+	 * when it's released and page allocation check will fail when
+	 * the page is allocated again. For architectures other than ARM64,
+	 * the unexpected overhead of cache flushing is acceptable.
+	 */
 	pr_debug("Validating PTE clear\n");
 #ifndef CONFIG_RISCV
 	pte = __pte(pte_val(pte) | RANDOM_ORVALUE);
 #endif
-	set_pte_at(mm, vaddr, ptep, pte);
+	set_pte_at(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep, pte);
+	flush_dcache_page(page);
 	barrier();
-	pte_clear(mm, vaddr, ptep);
-	pte = ptep_get(ptep);
+	pte_clear(args->mm, args->vaddr, args->ptep);
+	pte = ptep_get(args->ptep);
 	WARN_ON(!pte_none(pte));
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_clear_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmdp)
+static void __init pmd_clear_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pmd_t pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmd_t pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD clear\n");
 	pmd = __pmd(pmd_val(pmd) | RANDOM_ORVALUE);
-	WRITE_ONCE(*pmdp, pmd);
-	pmd_clear(pmdp);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	WRITE_ONCE(*args->pmdp, pmd);
+	pmd_clear(args->pmdp);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_none(pmd));
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmdp,
-				      pgtable_t pgtable)
+static void __init pmd_populate_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -626,14 +678,14 @@ static void __init pmd_populate_tests(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmdp,
 	 * This entry points to next level page table page.
 	 * Hence this must not qualify as pmd_bad().
 	 */
-	pmd_populate(mm, pmdp, pgtable);
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
+	pmd_populate(args->mm, args->pmdp, args->start_ptep);
+	pmd = READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp);
 	WARN_ON(pmd_bad(pmd));
 }
 
-static void __init pte_special_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_special_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL))
 		return;
@@ -642,9 +694,9 @@ static void __init pte_special_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	WARN_ON(!pte_special(pte_mkspecial(pte)));
 }
 
-static void __init pte_protnone_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_protnone_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot_none);
 
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING))
 		return;
@@ -655,7 +707,7 @@ static void __init pte_protnone_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static void __init pmd_protnone_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_protnone_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -666,25 +718,25 @@ static void __init pmd_protnone_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD protnone\n");
-	pmd = pmd_mkhuge(pfn_pmd(pfn, prot));
+	pmd = pmd_mkhuge(pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot_none));
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_protnone(pmd));
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_present(pmd));
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
-static void __init pmd_protnone_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_protnone_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP
-static void __init pte_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PTE devmap\n");
 	WARN_ON(!pte_devmap(pte_mkdevmap(pte)));
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -692,12 +744,12 @@ static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD devmap\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_devmap(pmd_mkdevmap(pmd)));
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
-static void __init pud_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pud_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pud_t pud;
 
@@ -705,25 +757,25 @@ static void __init pud_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD devmap\n");
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->fixed_pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_devmap(pud_mkdevmap(pud)));
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
-static void __init pud_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pud_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
 #else  /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
-static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pud_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
 #else
-static void __init pte_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pud_devmap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pte_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pmd_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_devmap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP */
 
-static void __init pte_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY))
 		return;
@@ -733,9 +785,9 @@ static void __init pte_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	WARN_ON(pte_soft_dirty(pte_clear_soft_dirty(pte)));
 }
 
-static void __init pte_swap_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_swap_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte_t pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY))
 		return;
@@ -746,7 +798,7 @@ static void __init pte_swap_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static void __init pmd_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -757,12 +809,12 @@ static void __init pmd_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD soft dirty\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_soft_dirty(pmd_mksoft_dirty(pmd)));
 	WARN_ON(pmd_soft_dirty(pmd_clear_soft_dirty(pmd)));
 }
 
-static void __init pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -774,31 +826,29 @@ static void __init pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD swap soft dirty\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_swp_soft_dirty(pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd)));
 	WARN_ON(pmd_swp_soft_dirty(pmd_swp_clear_soft_dirty(pmd)));
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
-static void __init pmd_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
-{
-}
+static void __init pmd_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
 
-static void __init pte_swap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pte_swap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	swp_entry_t swp;
 	pte_t pte;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PTE swap\n");
-	pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pte_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	swp = __pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
 	pte = __swp_entry_to_pte(swp);
-	WARN_ON(pfn != pte_pfn(pte));
+	WARN_ON(args->fixed_pte_pfn != pte_pfn(pte));
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
-static void __init pmd_swap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_swap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	swp_entry_t swp;
 	pmd_t pmd;
@@ -807,16 +857,16 @@ static void __init pmd_swap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PMD swap\n");
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	swp = __pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd);
 	pmd = __swp_entry_to_pmd(swp);
-	WARN_ON(pfn != pmd_pfn(pmd));
+	WARN_ON(args->fixed_pmd_pfn != pmd_pfn(pmd));
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION */
-static void __init pmd_swap_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_swap_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION */
 
-static void __init swap_migration_tests(void)
+static void __init swap_migration_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	struct page *page;
 	swp_entry_t swp;
@@ -824,19 +874,18 @@ static void __init swap_migration_tests(void)
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MIGRATION))
 		return;
 
-	pr_debug("Validating swap migration\n");
 	/*
 	 * swap_migration_tests() requires a dedicated page as it needs to
 	 * be locked before creating a migration entry from it. Locking the
 	 * page that actually maps kernel text ('start_kernel') can be real
-	 * problematic. Lets allocate a dedicated page explicitly for this
-	 * purpose that will be freed subsequently.
+	 * problematic. Lets use the allocated page explicitly for this
+	 * purpose.
 	 */
-	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!page) {
-		pr_err("page allocation failed\n");
+	page = (args->pte_pfn != ULONG_MAX) ? pfn_to_page(args->pte_pfn) : NULL;
+	if (!page)
 		return;
-	}
+
+	pr_debug("Validating swap migration\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * make_migration_entry() expects given page to be
@@ -855,11 +904,10 @@ static void __init swap_migration_tests(void)
 	WARN_ON(!is_migration_entry(swp));
 	WARN_ON(is_writable_migration_entry(swp));
 	__ClearPageLocked(page);
-	__free_page(page);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
-static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	struct page *page;
 	pte_t pte;
@@ -869,25 +917,25 @@ static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	 * Accessing the page associated with the pfn is safe here,
 	 * as it was previously derived from a real kernel symbol.
 	 */
-	page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
-	pte = mk_huge_pte(page, prot);
+	page = pfn_to_page(args->fixed_pmd_pfn);
+	pte = mk_huge_pte(page, args->page_prot);
 
 	WARN_ON(!huge_pte_dirty(huge_pte_mkdirty(pte)));
 	WARN_ON(!huge_pte_write(huge_pte_mkwrite(huge_pte_wrprotect(pte))));
 	WARN_ON(huge_pte_write(huge_pte_wrprotect(huge_pte_mkwrite(pte))));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB
-	pte = pfn_pte(pfn, prot);
+	pte = pfn_pte(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 
 	WARN_ON(!pte_huge(pte_mkhuge(pte)));
 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB */
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
-static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-static void __init pmd_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pmd_t pmd;
 
@@ -906,7 +954,7 @@ static void __init pmd_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	 * needs to return true. pmd_present() should be true whenever
 	 * pmd_trans_huge() returns true.
 	 */
-	pmd = pfn_pmd(pfn, prot);
+	pmd = pfn_pmd(args->fixed_pmd_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pmd_trans_huge(pmd_mkhuge(pmd)));
 
 #ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE
@@ -916,7 +964,7 @@ static void __init pmd_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
-static void __init pud_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
+static void __init pud_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
 	pud_t pud;
 
@@ -924,7 +972,7 @@ static void __init pud_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 		return;
 
 	pr_debug("Validating PUD based THP\n");
-	pud = pfn_pud(pfn, prot);
+	pud = pfn_pud(args->fixed_pud_pfn, args->page_prot);
 	WARN_ON(!pud_trans_huge(pud_mkhuge(pud)));
 
 	/*
@@ -936,11 +984,11 @@ static void __init pud_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
 	 */
 }
 #else  /* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
-static void __init pud_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pud_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
 #else  /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
-static void __init pmd_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
-static void __init pud_thp_tests(unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { }
+static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
+static void __init pud_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
 #endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
 
 static unsigned long __init get_random_vaddr(void)
@@ -955,43 +1003,179 @@ static unsigned long __init get_random_vaddr(void)
 	return random_vaddr;
 }
 
-static int __init debug_vm_pgtable(void)
+static void __init destroy_args(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
 {
-	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
-	struct mm_struct *mm;
-	pgd_t *pgdp;
-	p4d_t *p4dp, *saved_p4dp;
-	pud_t *pudp, *saved_pudp;
-	pmd_t *pmdp, *saved_pmdp, pmd;
-	pte_t *ptep;
-	pgtable_t saved_ptep;
-	pgprot_t prot, protnone;
-	phys_addr_t paddr;
-	unsigned long vaddr, pte_aligned, pmd_aligned;
-	unsigned long pud_aligned, p4d_aligned, pgd_aligned;
-	spinlock_t *ptl = NULL;
-	int idx;
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+
+	/* Free (huge) page */
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) &&
+	    IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD) &&
+	    has_transparent_hugepage() &&
+	    args->pud_pfn != ULONG_MAX) {
+		if (args->is_contiguous_page) {
+			free_contig_range(args->pud_pfn,
+					  (1 << (HPAGE_PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)));
+		} else {
+			page = pfn_to_page(args->pud_pfn);
+			__free_pages(page, HPAGE_PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
+		}
+
+		args->pud_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+		args->pmd_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+		args->pte_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+	}
 
-	pr_info("Validating architecture page table helpers\n");
-	prot = vm_get_page_prot(VMFLAGS);
-	vaddr = get_random_vaddr();
-	mm = mm_alloc();
-	if (!mm) {
-		pr_err("mm_struct allocation failed\n");
-		return 1;
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) &&
+	    has_transparent_hugepage() &&
+	    args->pmd_pfn != ULONG_MAX) {
+		if (args->is_contiguous_page) {
+			free_contig_range(args->pmd_pfn, (1 << HPAGE_PMD_ORDER));
+		} else {
+			page = pfn_to_page(args->pmd_pfn);
+			__free_pages(page, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+		}
+
+		args->pmd_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+		args->pte_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
 	}
 
+	if (args->pte_pfn != ULONG_MAX) {
+		page = pfn_to_page(args->pte_pfn);
+		__free_pages(page, 0);
+
+		args->pte_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+	}
+
+	/* Free page table entries */
+	if (args->start_ptep) {
+		pte_free(args->mm, args->start_ptep);
+		mm_dec_nr_ptes(args->mm);
+	}
+
+	if (args->start_pmdp) {
+		pmd_free(args->mm, args->start_pmdp);
+		mm_dec_nr_pmds(args->mm);
+	}
+
+	if (args->start_pudp) {
+		pud_free(args->mm, args->start_pudp);
+		mm_dec_nr_puds(args->mm);
+	}
+
+	if (args->start_p4dp)
+		p4d_free(args->mm, args->start_p4dp);
+
+	/* Free vma and mm struct */
+	if (args->vma)
+		vm_area_free(args->vma);
+
+	if (args->mm)
+		mmdrop(args->mm);
+}
+
+static struct page * __init
+debug_vm_pgtable_alloc_huge_page(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int order)
+{
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CONTIG_ALLOC
+	if (order >= MAX_ORDER) {
+		page = alloc_contig_pages((1 << order), GFP_KERNEL,
+					  first_online_node, NULL);
+		if (page) {
+			args->is_contiguous_page = true;
+			return page;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (order < MAX_ORDER)
+		page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL, order);
+
+	return page;
+}
+
+static int __init init_args(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
+{
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+	phys_addr_t phys;
+	int ret = 0;
+
 	/*
+	 * Initialize the debugging data.
+	 *
 	 * __P000 (or even __S000) will help create page table entries with
 	 * PROT_NONE permission as required for pxx_protnone_tests().
 	 */
-	protnone = __P000;
+	memset(args, 0, sizeof(*args));
+	args->vaddr              = get_random_vaddr();
+	args->page_prot          = vm_get_page_prot(VMFLAGS);
+	args->page_prot_none     = __P000;
+	args->is_contiguous_page = false;
+	args->pud_pfn            = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->pmd_pfn            = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->pte_pfn            = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->fixed_pgd_pfn      = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->fixed_p4d_pfn      = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->fixed_pud_pfn      = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->fixed_pmd_pfn      = ULONG_MAX;
+	args->fixed_pte_pfn      = ULONG_MAX;
+
+	/* Allocate mm and vma */
+	args->mm = mm_alloc();
+	if (!args->mm) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate mm struct\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+	args->vma = vm_area_alloc(args->mm);
+	if (!args->vma) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate vma\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate page table entries. They will be modified in the tests.
+	 * Lets save the page table entries so that they can be released
+	 * when the tests are completed.
+	 */
+	args->pgdp = pgd_offset(args->mm, args->vaddr);
+	args->p4dp = p4d_alloc(args->mm, args->pgdp, args->vaddr);
+	if (!args->p4dp) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate p4d entries\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	args->start_p4dp = p4d_offset(args->pgdp, 0UL);
+	WARN_ON(!args->start_p4dp);
+
+	args->pudp = pud_alloc(args->mm, args->p4dp, args->vaddr);
+	if (!args->pudp) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate pud entries\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	args->start_pudp = pud_offset(args->p4dp, 0UL);
+	WARN_ON(!args->start_pudp);
+
+	args->pmdp = pmd_alloc(args->mm, args->pudp, args->vaddr);
+	if (!args->pmdp) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate pmd entries\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	args->start_pmdp = pmd_offset(args->pudp, 0UL);
+	WARN_ON(!args->start_pmdp);
 
-	vma = vm_area_alloc(mm);
-	if (!vma) {
-		pr_err("vma allocation failed\n");
-		return 1;
+	if (pte_alloc(args->mm, args->pmdp)) {
+		pr_err("Failed to allocate pte entries\n");
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto error;
 	}
+	args->start_ptep = pmd_pgtable(READ_ONCE(*args->pmdp));
+	WARN_ON(!args->start_ptep);
 
 	/*
 	 * PFN for mapping at PTE level is determined from a standard kernel
@@ -1000,40 +1184,65 @@ static int __init debug_vm_pgtable(void)
 	 * exist on the platform but that does not really matter as pfn_pxx()
 	 * helpers will still create appropriate entries for the test. This
 	 * helps avoid large memory block allocations to be used for mapping
-	 * at higher page table levels.
+	 * at higher page table levels in some of the tests.
 	 */
-	paddr = __pa_symbol(&start_kernel);
-
-	pte_aligned = (paddr & PAGE_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pmd_aligned = (paddr & PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pud_aligned = (paddr & PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	p4d_aligned = (paddr & P4D_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pgd_aligned = (paddr & PGDIR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	WARN_ON(!pfn_valid(pte_aligned));
-
-	pgdp = pgd_offset(mm, vaddr);
-	p4dp = p4d_alloc(mm, pgdp, vaddr);
-	pudp = pud_alloc(mm, p4dp, vaddr);
-	pmdp = pmd_alloc(mm, pudp, vaddr);
+	phys = __pa_symbol(&start_kernel);
+	args->fixed_pgd_pfn = __phys_to_pfn(phys & PGDIR_MASK);
+	args->fixed_p4d_pfn = __phys_to_pfn(phys & P4D_MASK);
+	args->fixed_pud_pfn = __phys_to_pfn(phys & PUD_MASK);
+	args->fixed_pmd_pfn = __phys_to_pfn(phys & PMD_MASK);
+	args->fixed_pte_pfn = __phys_to_pfn(phys & PAGE_MASK);
+	WARN_ON(!pfn_valid(args->fixed_pte_pfn));
+
 	/*
-	 * Allocate pgtable_t
+	 * Allocate (huge) pages because some of the tests need to access
+	 * the data in the pages. The corresponding tests will be skipped
+	 * if we fail to allocate (huge) pages.
 	 */
-	if (pte_alloc(mm, pmdp)) {
-		pr_err("pgtable allocation failed\n");
-		return 1;
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) &&
+	    IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD) &&
+	    has_transparent_hugepage()) {
+		page = debug_vm_pgtable_alloc_huge_page(args,
+				HPAGE_PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
+		if (page) {
+			args->pud_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
+			args->pmd_pfn = args->pud_pfn;
+			args->pte_pfn = args->pud_pfn;
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Save all the page table page addresses as the page table
-	 * entries will be used for testing with random or garbage
-	 * values. These saved addresses will be used for freeing
-	 * page table pages.
-	 */
-	pmd = READ_ONCE(*pmdp);
-	saved_p4dp = p4d_offset(pgdp, 0UL);
-	saved_pudp = pud_offset(p4dp, 0UL);
-	saved_pmdp = pmd_offset(pudp, 0UL);
-	saved_ptep = pmd_pgtable(pmd);
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) &&
+	    has_transparent_hugepage()) {
+		page = debug_vm_pgtable_alloc_huge_page(args, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
+		if (page) {
+			args->pmd_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
+			args->pte_pfn = args->pmd_pfn;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL, 0);
+	if (page)
+		args->pte_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
+
+	return 0;
+
+error:
+	destroy_args(args);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int __init debug_vm_pgtable(void)
+{
+	struct pgtable_debug_args args;
+	spinlock_t *ptl = NULL;
+	int idx, ret;
+
+	pr_info("Validating architecture page table helpers\n");
+	ret = init_args(&args);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
 	/*
 	 * Iterate over the protection_map[] to make sure that all
@@ -1042,9 +1251,9 @@ static int __init debug_vm_pgtable(void)
 	 * given page table entry.
 	 */
 	for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(protection_map); idx++) {
-		pte_basic_tests(pte_aligned, idx);
-		pmd_basic_tests(pmd_aligned, idx);
-		pud_basic_tests(mm, pud_aligned, idx);
+		pte_basic_tests(&args, idx);
+		pmd_basic_tests(&args, idx);
+		pud_basic_tests(&args, idx);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1054,79 +1263,70 @@ static int __init debug_vm_pgtable(void)
 	 * the above iteration for now to save some test execution
 	 * time.
 	 */
-	p4d_basic_tests(p4d_aligned, prot);
-	pgd_basic_tests(pgd_aligned, prot);
+	p4d_basic_tests(&args);
+	pgd_basic_tests(&args);
 
-	pmd_leaf_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
-	pud_leaf_tests(pud_aligned, prot);
+	pmd_leaf_tests(&args);
+	pud_leaf_tests(&args);
 
-	pte_savedwrite_tests(pte_aligned, protnone);
-	pmd_savedwrite_tests(pmd_aligned, protnone);
+	pte_savedwrite_tests(&args);
+	pmd_savedwrite_tests(&args);
 
-	pte_special_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
-	pte_protnone_tests(pte_aligned, protnone);
-	pmd_protnone_tests(pmd_aligned, protnone);
+	pte_special_tests(&args);
+	pte_protnone_tests(&args);
+	pmd_protnone_tests(&args);
 
-	pte_devmap_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
-	pmd_devmap_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
-	pud_devmap_tests(pud_aligned, prot);
+	pte_devmap_tests(&args);
+	pmd_devmap_tests(&args);
+	pud_devmap_tests(&args);
 
-	pte_soft_dirty_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
-	pmd_soft_dirty_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
-	pte_swap_soft_dirty_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
-	pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
+	pte_soft_dirty_tests(&args);
+	pmd_soft_dirty_tests(&args);
+	pte_swap_soft_dirty_tests(&args);
+	pmd_swap_soft_dirty_tests(&args);
 
-	pte_swap_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
-	pmd_swap_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
+	pte_swap_tests(&args);
+	pmd_swap_tests(&args);
 
-	swap_migration_tests();
+	swap_migration_tests(&args);
 
-	pmd_thp_tests(pmd_aligned, prot);
-	pud_thp_tests(pud_aligned, prot);
+	pmd_thp_tests(&args);
+	pud_thp_tests(&args);
 
-	hugetlb_basic_tests(pte_aligned, prot);
+	hugetlb_basic_tests(&args);
 
 	/*
 	 * Page table modifying tests. They need to hold
 	 * proper page table lock.
 	 */
 
-	ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmdp, vaddr, &ptl);
-	pte_clear_tests(mm, ptep, pte_aligned, vaddr, prot);
-	pte_advanced_tests(mm, vma, ptep, pte_aligned, vaddr, prot);
-	pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
+	args.ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(args.mm, args.pmdp, args.vaddr, &ptl);
+	pte_clear_tests(&args);
+	pte_advanced_tests(&args);
+	pte_unmap_unlock(args.ptep, ptl);
 
-	ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmdp);
-	pmd_clear_tests(mm, pmdp);
-	pmd_advanced_tests(mm, vma, pmdp, pmd_aligned, vaddr, prot, saved_ptep);
-	pmd_huge_tests(pmdp, pmd_aligned, prot);
-	pmd_populate_tests(mm, pmdp, saved_ptep);
+	ptl = pmd_lock(args.mm, args.pmdp);
+	pmd_clear_tests(&args);
+	pmd_advanced_tests(&args);
+	pmd_huge_tests(&args);
+	pmd_populate_tests(&args);
 	spin_unlock(ptl);
 
-	ptl = pud_lock(mm, pudp);
-	pud_clear_tests(mm, pudp);
-	pud_advanced_tests(mm, vma, pudp, pud_aligned, vaddr, prot);
-	pud_huge_tests(pudp, pud_aligned, prot);
-	pud_populate_tests(mm, pudp, saved_pmdp);
+	ptl = pud_lock(args.mm, args.pudp);
+	pud_clear_tests(&args);
+	pud_advanced_tests(&args);
+	pud_huge_tests(&args);
+	pud_populate_tests(&args);
 	spin_unlock(ptl);
 
-	spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
-	p4d_clear_tests(mm, p4dp);
-	pgd_clear_tests(mm, pgdp);
-	p4d_populate_tests(mm, p4dp, saved_pudp);
-	pgd_populate_tests(mm, pgdp, saved_p4dp);
-	spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
-
-	p4d_free(mm, saved_p4dp);
-	pud_free(mm, saved_pudp);
-	pmd_free(mm, saved_pmdp);
-	pte_free(mm, saved_ptep);
-
-	vm_area_free(vma);
-	mm_dec_nr_puds(mm);
-	mm_dec_nr_pmds(mm);
-	mm_dec_nr_ptes(mm);
-	mmdrop(mm);
+	spin_lock(&(args.mm->page_table_lock));
+	p4d_clear_tests(&args);
+	pgd_clear_tests(&args);
+	p4d_populate_tests(&args);
+	pgd_populate_tests(&args);
+	spin_unlock(&(args.mm->page_table_lock));
+
+	destroy_args(&args);
 	return 0;
 }
 late_initcall(debug_vm_pgtable);