mm: rid swapoff of quadratic complexity

This patch was initially posted by Kelley Nielsen.  Reposting the patch
with all review comments addressed and with minor modifications and
optimizations.  Also, folding in the fixes offered by Hugh Dickins and
Huang Ying.  Tests were rerun and commit message updated with new
results.

try_to_unuse() is of quadratic complexity, with a lot of wasted effort.
It unuses swap entries one by one, potentially iterating over all the
page tables for all the processes in the system for each one.

This new proposed implementation of try_to_unuse simplifies its
complexity to linear.  It iterates over the system's mms once, unusing
all the affected entries as it walks each set of page tables.  It also
makes similar changes to shmem_unuse.

Improvement

swapoff was called on a swap partition containing about 6G of data, in a
VM(8cpu, 16G RAM), and calls to unuse_pte_range() were counted.

Present implementation....about 1200M calls(8min, avg 80% cpu util).
Prototype.................about  9.0K calls(3min, avg 5% cpu util).

Details

In shmem_unuse(), iterate over the shmem_swaplist and, for each
shmem_inode_info that contains a swap entry, pass it to
shmem_unuse_inode(), along with the swap type.  In shmem_unuse_inode(),
iterate over its associated xarray, and store the index and value of
each swap entry in an array for passing to shmem_swapin_page() outside
of the RCU critical section.

In try_to_unuse(), instead of iterating over the entries in the type and
unusing them one by one, perhaps walking all the page tables for all the
processes for each one, iterate over the mmlist, making one pass.  Pass
each mm to unuse_mm() to begin its page table walk, and during the walk,
unuse all the ptes that have backing store in the swap type received by
try_to_unuse().  After the walk, check the type for orphaned swap
entries with find_next_to_unuse(), and remove them from the swap cache.
If find_next_to_unuse() starts over at the beginning of the type, repeat
the check of the shmem_swaplist and the walk a maximum of three times.

Change unuse_mm() and the intervening walk functions down to
unuse_pte_range() to take the type as a parameter, and to iterate over
their entire range, calling the next function down on every iteration.
In unuse_pte_range(), make a swap entry from each pte in the range using
the passed in type.  If it has backing store in the type, call
swapin_readahead() to retrieve the page and pass it to unuse_pte().

Pass the count of pages_to_unuse down the page table walks in
try_to_unuse(), and return from the walk when the desired number of
pages has been swapped back in.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190114153129.4852-2-vpillai@digitalocean.com
Signed-off-by: Vineeth Remanan Pillai <vpillai@digitalocean.com>
Signed-off-by: Kelley Nielsen <kelleynnn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

2 files changed, 9 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/frontswap.h b/include/linux/frontswap.h
index 011965c08b93..6d775984905b 100644
--- a/include/linux/frontswap.h
+++ b/include/linux/frontswap.h
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
 
+/*
+ * Return code to denote that requested number of
+ * frontswap pages are unused(moved to page cache).
+ * Used in in shmem_unuse and try_to_unuse.
+ */
+#define FRONTSWAP_PAGES_UNUSED	2
+
 struct frontswap_ops {
 	void (*init)(unsigned); /* this swap type was just swapon'ed */
 	int (*store)(unsigned, pgoff_t, struct page *); /* store a page */
diff --git a/include/linux/shmem_fs.h b/include/linux/shmem_fs.h
index f155dc607112..f3fb1edb3526 100644
--- a/include/linux/shmem_fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/shmem_fs.h
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ extern void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping);
 extern struct page *shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
 					pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp_mask);
 extern void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end);
-extern int shmem_unuse(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page);
+extern int shmem_unuse(unsigned int type, bool frontswap,
+		       unsigned long *fs_pages_to_unuse);
 
 extern unsigned long shmem_swap_usage(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
 extern unsigned long shmem_partial_swap_usage(struct address_space *mapping,