bpf: Populate kfunc BTF ID sets in struct btf

This patch prepares the kernel to support putting all kinds of kfunc BTF
ID sets in the struct btf itself. The various kernel subsystems will
make register_btf_kfunc_id_set call in the initcalls (for built-in code
and modules).

The 'hook' is one of the many program types, e.g. XDP and TC/SCHED_CLS,
STRUCT_OPS, and 'types' are check (allowed or not), acquire, release,
and ret_null (with PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL return type).

A maximum of BTF_KFUNC_SET_MAX_CNT (32) kfunc BTF IDs are permitted in a
set of certain hook and type for vmlinux sets, since they are allocated
on demand, and otherwise set as NULL. Module sets can only be registered
once per hook and type, hence they are directly assigned.

A new btf_kfunc_id_set_contains function is exposed for use in verifier,
this new method is faster than the existing list searching method, and
is also automatic. It also lets other code not care whether the set is
unallocated or not.

Note that module code can only do single register_btf_kfunc_id_set call
per hook. This is why sorting is only done for in-kernel vmlinux sets,
because there might be multiple sets for the same hook and type that
must be concatenated, hence sorting them is required to ensure bsearch
in btf_id_set_contains continues to work correctly.

Next commit will update the kernel users to make use of this
infrastructure.

Finally, add __maybe_unused annotation for BTF ID macros for the
!CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF case, so that they don't produce warnings during
build time.

The previous patch is also needed to provide synchronization against
initialization for module BTF's kfunc_set_tab introduced here, as
described below:

  The kfunc_set_tab pointer in struct btf is write-once (if we consider
  the registration phase (comprised of multiple register_btf_kfunc_id_set
  calls) as a single operation). In this sense, once it has been fully
  prepared, it isn't modified, only used for lookup (from the verifier
  context).

  For btf_vmlinux, it is initialized fully during the do_initcalls phase,
  which happens fairly early in the boot process, before any processes are
  present. This also eliminates the possibility of bpf_check being called
  at that point, thus relieving us of ensuring any synchronization between
  the registration and lookup function (btf_kfunc_id_set_contains).

  However, the case for module BTF is a bit tricky. The BTF is parsed,
  prepared, and published from the MODULE_STATE_COMING notifier callback.
  After this, the module initcalls are invoked, where our registration
  function will be called to populate the kfunc_set_tab for module BTF.

  At this point, BTF may be available to userspace while its corresponding
  module is still intializing. A BTF fd can then be passed to verifier
  using bpf syscall (e.g. for kfunc call insn).

  Hence, there is a race window where verifier may concurrently try to
  lookup the kfunc_set_tab. To prevent this race, we must ensure the
  operations are serialized, or waiting for the __init functions to
  complete.

  In the earlier registration API, this race was alleviated as verifier
  bpf_check_mod_kfunc_call didn't find the kfunc BTF ID until it was added
  by the registration function (called usually at the end of module __init
  function after all module resources have been initialized). If the
  verifier made the check_kfunc_call before kfunc BTF ID was added to the
  list, it would fail verification (saying call isn't allowed). The
  access to list was protected using a mutex.

  Now, it would still fail verification, but for a different reason
  (returning ENXIO due to the failed btf_try_get_module call in
  add_kfunc_call), because if the __init call is in progress the module
  will be in the middle of MODULE_STATE_COMING -> MODULE_STATE_LIVE
  transition, and the BTF_MODULE_LIVE flag for btf_module instance will
  not be set, so the btf_try_get_module call will fail.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220114163953.1455836-3-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

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