summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/drivers
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2014-04-08 03:38:06 +0400
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2014-04-08 03:38:06 +0400
commit26c12d93348f0bda0756aff83f4867d9ae58a5a6 (patch)
tree65221f6837c66a9260c5c973e5fb908b10e0d504 /drivers
parentdc5ed40686a4da95881c35d913b60f867755cbe2 (diff)
parentfdc5813fbbd484a54c88477f91a78934cda8bb32 (diff)
downloadlinux-26c12d93348f0bda0756aff83f4867d9ae58a5a6.tar.xz
Merge branch 'akpm' (incoming from Andrew)
Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton: - the rest of MM - zram updates - zswap updates - exit - procfs - exec - wait - crash dump - lib/idr - rapidio - adfs, affs, bfs, ufs - cris - Kconfig things - initramfs - small amount of IPC material - percpu enhancements - early ioremap support - various other misc things * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (156 commits) MAINTAINERS: update Intel C600 SAS driver maintainers fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_third pointer fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_second pointer fs/ufs: remove unused ufs_super_block_first pointer fs/ufs/super.c: add __init to init_inodecache() doc/kernel-parameters.txt: add early_ioremap_debug arm64: add early_ioremap support arm64: initialize pgprot info earlier in boot x86: use generic early_ioremap mm: create generic early_ioremap() support x86/mm: sparse warning fix for early_memremap lglock: map to spinlock when !CONFIG_SMP percpu: add preemption checks to __this_cpu ops vmstat: use raw_cpu_ops to avoid false positives on preemption checks slub: use raw_cpu_inc for incrementing statistics net: replace __this_cpu_inc in route.c with raw_cpu_inc modules: use raw_cpu_write for initialization of per cpu refcount. mm: use raw_cpu ops for determining current NUMA node percpu: add raw_cpu_ops slub: fix leak of 'name' in sysfs_slab_add ...
Diffstat (limited to 'drivers')
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/Kconfig10
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/Makefile4
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp.c353
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp.h68
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.c47
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.h17
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.c47
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.h17
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c383
-rw-r--r--drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h21
-rw-r--r--drivers/char/tpm/Kconfig2
-rw-r--r--drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig2
-rw-r--r--drivers/lguest/page_tables.c6
-rw-r--r--drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c6
-rw-r--r--drivers/net/can/sja1000/Kconfig2
-rw-r--r--drivers/net/ethernet/3com/Kconfig2
-rw-r--r--drivers/net/rionet.c1
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.c1
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.h4
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721_dma.c111
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c22
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c1
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c40
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/rio.c11
-rw-r--r--drivers/rapidio/rio.h1
25 files changed, 959 insertions, 220 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/Kconfig b/drivers/block/zram/Kconfig
index 3450be850399..6489c0fd0ea6 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/Kconfig
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ config ZRAM
See zram.txt for more information.
+config ZRAM_LZ4_COMPRESS
+ bool "Enable LZ4 algorithm support"
+ depends on ZRAM
+ select LZ4_COMPRESS
+ select LZ4_DECOMPRESS
+ default n
+ help
+ This option enables LZ4 compression algorithm support. Compression
+ algorithm can be changed using `comp_algorithm' device attribute.
+
config ZRAM_DEBUG
bool "Compressed RAM block device debug support"
depends on ZRAM
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/Makefile b/drivers/block/zram/Makefile
index cb0f9ced6a93..be0763ff57a2 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-zram-y := zram_drv.o
+zram-y := zcomp_lzo.o zcomp.o zram_drv.o
+
+zram-$(CONFIG_ZRAM_LZ4_COMPRESS) += zcomp_lz4.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ZRAM) += zram.o
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.c b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f1ff39a3d1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+#include "zcomp.h"
+#include "zcomp_lzo.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZRAM_LZ4_COMPRESS
+#include "zcomp_lz4.h"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * single zcomp_strm backend
+ */
+struct zcomp_strm_single {
+ struct mutex strm_lock;
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
+};
+
+/*
+ * multi zcomp_strm backend
+ */
+struct zcomp_strm_multi {
+ /* protect strm list */
+ spinlock_t strm_lock;
+ /* max possible number of zstrm streams */
+ int max_strm;
+ /* number of available zstrm streams */
+ int avail_strm;
+ /* list of available strms */
+ struct list_head idle_strm;
+ wait_queue_head_t strm_wait;
+};
+
+static struct zcomp_backend *backends[] = {
+ &zcomp_lzo,
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZRAM_LZ4_COMPRESS
+ &zcomp_lz4,
+#endif
+ NULL
+};
+
+static struct zcomp_backend *find_backend(const char *compress)
+{
+ int i = 0;
+ while (backends[i]) {
+ if (sysfs_streq(compress, backends[i]->name))
+ break;
+ i++;
+ }
+ return backends[i];
+}
+
+static void zcomp_strm_free(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm)
+{
+ if (zstrm->private)
+ comp->backend->destroy(zstrm->private);
+ free_pages((unsigned long)zstrm->buffer, 1);
+ kfree(zstrm);
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate new zcomp_strm structure with ->private initialized by
+ * backend, return NULL on error
+ */
+static struct zcomp_strm *zcomp_strm_alloc(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm = kmalloc(sizeof(*zstrm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!zstrm)
+ return NULL;
+
+ zstrm->private = comp->backend->create();
+ /*
+ * allocate 2 pages. 1 for compressed data, plus 1 extra for the
+ * case when compressed size is larger than the original one
+ */
+ zstrm->buffer = (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, 1);
+ if (!zstrm->private || !zstrm->buffer) {
+ zcomp_strm_free(comp, zstrm);
+ zstrm = NULL;
+ }
+ return zstrm;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get idle zcomp_strm or wait until other process release
+ * (zcomp_strm_release()) one for us
+ */
+static struct zcomp_strm *zcomp_strm_multi_find(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_multi *zs = comp->stream;
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
+
+ while (1) {
+ spin_lock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ if (!list_empty(&zs->idle_strm)) {
+ zstrm = list_entry(zs->idle_strm.next,
+ struct zcomp_strm, list);
+ list_del(&zstrm->list);
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ return zstrm;
+ }
+ /* zstrm streams limit reached, wait for idle stream */
+ if (zs->avail_strm >= zs->max_strm) {
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ wait_event(zs->strm_wait, !list_empty(&zs->idle_strm));
+ continue;
+ }
+ /* allocate new zstrm stream */
+ zs->avail_strm++;
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+
+ zstrm = zcomp_strm_alloc(comp);
+ if (!zstrm) {
+ spin_lock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ zs->avail_strm--;
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ wait_event(zs->strm_wait, !list_empty(&zs->idle_strm));
+ continue;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ return zstrm;
+}
+
+/* add stream back to idle list and wake up waiter or free the stream */
+static void zcomp_strm_multi_release(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_multi *zs = comp->stream;
+
+ spin_lock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ if (zs->avail_strm <= zs->max_strm) {
+ list_add(&zstrm->list, &zs->idle_strm);
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ wake_up(&zs->strm_wait);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ zs->avail_strm--;
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ zcomp_strm_free(comp, zstrm);
+}
+
+/* change max_strm limit */
+static bool zcomp_strm_multi_set_max_streams(struct zcomp *comp, int num_strm)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_multi *zs = comp->stream;
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
+
+ spin_lock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ zs->max_strm = num_strm;
+ /*
+ * if user has lowered the limit and there are idle streams,
+ * immediately free as much streams (and memory) as we can.
+ */
+ while (zs->avail_strm > num_strm && !list_empty(&zs->idle_strm)) {
+ zstrm = list_entry(zs->idle_strm.next,
+ struct zcomp_strm, list);
+ list_del(&zstrm->list);
+ zcomp_strm_free(comp, zstrm);
+ zs->avail_strm--;
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ return true;
+}
+
+static void zcomp_strm_multi_destroy(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_multi *zs = comp->stream;
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
+
+ while (!list_empty(&zs->idle_strm)) {
+ zstrm = list_entry(zs->idle_strm.next,
+ struct zcomp_strm, list);
+ list_del(&zstrm->list);
+ zcomp_strm_free(comp, zstrm);
+ }
+ kfree(zs);
+}
+
+static int zcomp_strm_multi_create(struct zcomp *comp, int max_strm)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
+ struct zcomp_strm_multi *zs;
+
+ comp->destroy = zcomp_strm_multi_destroy;
+ comp->strm_find = zcomp_strm_multi_find;
+ comp->strm_release = zcomp_strm_multi_release;
+ comp->set_max_streams = zcomp_strm_multi_set_max_streams;
+ zs = kmalloc(sizeof(struct zcomp_strm_multi), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!zs)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ comp->stream = zs;
+ spin_lock_init(&zs->strm_lock);
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zs->idle_strm);
+ init_waitqueue_head(&zs->strm_wait);
+ zs->max_strm = max_strm;
+ zs->avail_strm = 1;
+
+ zstrm = zcomp_strm_alloc(comp);
+ if (!zstrm) {
+ kfree(zs);
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+ list_add(&zstrm->list, &zs->idle_strm);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static struct zcomp_strm *zcomp_strm_single_find(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_single *zs = comp->stream;
+ mutex_lock(&zs->strm_lock);
+ return zs->zstrm;
+}
+
+static void zcomp_strm_single_release(struct zcomp *comp,
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_single *zs = comp->stream;
+ mutex_unlock(&zs->strm_lock);
+}
+
+static bool zcomp_strm_single_set_max_streams(struct zcomp *comp, int num_strm)
+{
+ /* zcomp_strm_single support only max_comp_streams == 1 */
+ return false;
+}
+
+static void zcomp_strm_single_destroy(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_single *zs = comp->stream;
+ zcomp_strm_free(comp, zs->zstrm);
+ kfree(zs);
+}
+
+static int zcomp_strm_single_create(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ struct zcomp_strm_single *zs;
+
+ comp->destroy = zcomp_strm_single_destroy;
+ comp->strm_find = zcomp_strm_single_find;
+ comp->strm_release = zcomp_strm_single_release;
+ comp->set_max_streams = zcomp_strm_single_set_max_streams;
+ zs = kmalloc(sizeof(struct zcomp_strm_single), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!zs)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ comp->stream = zs;
+ mutex_init(&zs->strm_lock);
+ zs->zstrm = zcomp_strm_alloc(comp);
+ if (!zs->zstrm) {
+ kfree(zs);
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* show available compressors */
+ssize_t zcomp_available_show(const char *comp, char *buf)
+{
+ ssize_t sz = 0;
+ int i = 0;
+
+ while (backends[i]) {
+ if (sysfs_streq(comp, backends[i]->name))
+ sz += scnprintf(buf + sz, PAGE_SIZE - sz - 2,
+ "[%s] ", backends[i]->name);
+ else
+ sz += scnprintf(buf + sz, PAGE_SIZE - sz - 2,
+ "%s ", backends[i]->name);
+ i++;
+ }
+ sz += scnprintf(buf + sz, PAGE_SIZE - sz, "\n");
+ return sz;
+}
+
+bool zcomp_set_max_streams(struct zcomp *comp, int num_strm)
+{
+ return comp->set_max_streams(comp, num_strm);
+}
+
+struct zcomp_strm *zcomp_strm_find(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ return comp->strm_find(comp);
+}
+
+void zcomp_strm_release(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm)
+{
+ comp->strm_release(comp, zstrm);
+}
+
+int zcomp_compress(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm,
+ const unsigned char *src, size_t *dst_len)
+{
+ return comp->backend->compress(src, zstrm->buffer, dst_len,
+ zstrm->private);
+}
+
+int zcomp_decompress(struct zcomp *comp, const unsigned char *src,
+ size_t src_len, unsigned char *dst)
+{
+ return comp->backend->decompress(src, src_len, dst);
+}
+
+void zcomp_destroy(struct zcomp *comp)
+{
+ comp->destroy(comp);
+ kfree(comp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * search available compressors for requested algorithm.
+ * allocate new zcomp and initialize it. return compressing
+ * backend pointer or ERR_PTR if things went bad. ERR_PTR(-EINVAL)
+ * if requested algorithm is not supported, ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM) in
+ * case of allocation error.
+ */
+struct zcomp *zcomp_create(const char *compress, int max_strm)
+{
+ struct zcomp *comp;
+ struct zcomp_backend *backend;
+
+ backend = find_backend(compress);
+ if (!backend)
+ return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+ comp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct zcomp), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!comp)
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+ comp->backend = backend;
+ if (max_strm > 1)
+ zcomp_strm_multi_create(comp, max_strm);
+ else
+ zcomp_strm_single_create(comp);
+ if (!comp->stream) {
+ kfree(comp);
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+ }
+ return comp;
+}
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.h b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c59d1fca72c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ZCOMP_H_
+#define _ZCOMP_H_
+
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+
+struct zcomp_strm {
+ /* compression/decompression buffer */
+ void *buffer;
+ /*
+ * The private data of the compression stream, only compression
+ * stream backend can touch this (e.g. compression algorithm
+ * working memory)
+ */
+ void *private;
+ /* used in multi stream backend, protected by backend strm_lock */
+ struct list_head list;
+};
+
+/* static compression backend */
+struct zcomp_backend {
+ int (*compress)(const unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dst,
+ size_t *dst_len, void *private);
+
+ int (*decompress)(const unsigned char *src, size_t src_len,
+ unsigned char *dst);
+
+ void *(*create)(void);
+ void (*destroy)(void *private);
+
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+/* dynamic per-device compression frontend */
+struct zcomp {
+ void *stream;
+ struct zcomp_backend *backend;
+
+ struct zcomp_strm *(*strm_find)(struct zcomp *comp);
+ void (*strm_release)(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm);
+ bool (*set_max_streams)(struct zcomp *comp, int num_strm);
+ void (*destroy)(struct zcomp *comp);
+};
+
+ssize_t zcomp_available_show(const char *comp, char *buf);
+
+struct zcomp *zcomp_create(const char *comp, int max_strm);
+void zcomp_destroy(struct zcomp *comp);
+
+struct zcomp_strm *zcomp_strm_find(struct zcomp *comp);
+void zcomp_strm_release(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm);
+
+int zcomp_compress(struct zcomp *comp, struct zcomp_strm *zstrm,
+ const unsigned char *src, size_t *dst_len);
+
+int zcomp_decompress(struct zcomp *comp, const unsigned char *src,
+ size_t src_len, unsigned char *dst);
+
+bool zcomp_set_max_streams(struct zcomp *comp, int num_strm);
+#endif /* _ZCOMP_H_ */
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.c b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f2afb7e988c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/lz4.h>
+
+#include "zcomp_lz4.h"
+
+static void *zcomp_lz4_create(void)
+{
+ return kzalloc(LZ4_MEM_COMPRESS, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+static void zcomp_lz4_destroy(void *private)
+{
+ kfree(private);
+}
+
+static int zcomp_lz4_compress(const unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dst,
+ size_t *dst_len, void *private)
+{
+ /* return : Success if return 0 */
+ return lz4_compress(src, PAGE_SIZE, dst, dst_len, private);
+}
+
+static int zcomp_lz4_decompress(const unsigned char *src, size_t src_len,
+ unsigned char *dst)
+{
+ size_t dst_len = PAGE_SIZE;
+ /* return : Success if return 0 */
+ return lz4_decompress_unknownoutputsize(src, src_len, dst, &dst_len);
+}
+
+struct zcomp_backend zcomp_lz4 = {
+ .compress = zcomp_lz4_compress,
+ .decompress = zcomp_lz4_decompress,
+ .create = zcomp_lz4_create,
+ .destroy = zcomp_lz4_destroy,
+ .name = "lz4",
+};
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.h b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60613fb29dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lz4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ZCOMP_LZ4_H_
+#define _ZCOMP_LZ4_H_
+
+#include "zcomp.h"
+
+extern struct zcomp_backend zcomp_lz4;
+
+#endif /* _ZCOMP_LZ4_H_ */
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.c b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da1bc47d588e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/lzo.h>
+
+#include "zcomp_lzo.h"
+
+static void *lzo_create(void)
+{
+ return kzalloc(LZO1X_MEM_COMPRESS, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+static void lzo_destroy(void *private)
+{
+ kfree(private);
+}
+
+static int lzo_compress(const unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dst,
+ size_t *dst_len, void *private)
+{
+ int ret = lzo1x_1_compress(src, PAGE_SIZE, dst, dst_len, private);
+ return ret == LZO_E_OK ? 0 : ret;
+}
+
+static int lzo_decompress(const unsigned char *src, size_t src_len,
+ unsigned char *dst)
+{
+ size_t dst_len = PAGE_SIZE;
+ int ret = lzo1x_decompress_safe(src, src_len, dst, &dst_len);
+ return ret == LZO_E_OK ? 0 : ret;
+}
+
+struct zcomp_backend zcomp_lzo = {
+ .compress = lzo_compress,
+ .decompress = lzo_decompress,
+ .create = lzo_create,
+ .destroy = lzo_destroy,
+ .name = "lzo",
+};
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.h b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..128c5807fa14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zcomp_lzo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Sergey Senozhatsky.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ZCOMP_LZO_H_
+#define _ZCOMP_LZO_H_
+
+#include "zcomp.h"
+
+extern struct zcomp_backend zcomp_lzo;
+
+#endif /* _ZCOMP_LZO_H_ */
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
index 51c557cfd92b..9849b5233bf4 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c
@@ -29,19 +29,36 @@
#include <linux/genhd.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <linux/lzo.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
#include "zram_drv.h"
/* Globals */
static int zram_major;
static struct zram *zram_devices;
+static const char *default_compressor = "lzo";
/* Module params (documentation at end) */
static unsigned int num_devices = 1;
+#define ZRAM_ATTR_RO(name) \
+static ssize_t zram_attr_##name##_show(struct device *d, \
+ struct device_attribute *attr, char *b) \
+{ \
+ struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(d); \
+ return scnprintf(b, PAGE_SIZE, "%llu\n", \
+ (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.name)); \
+} \
+static struct device_attribute dev_attr_##name = \
+ __ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, zram_attr_##name##_show, NULL);
+
+static inline int init_done(struct zram *zram)
+{
+ return zram->meta != NULL;
+}
+
static inline struct zram *dev_to_zram(struct device *dev)
{
return (struct zram *)dev_to_disk(dev)->private_data;
@@ -52,92 +69,114 @@ static ssize_t disksize_show(struct device *dev,
{
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n", zram->disksize);
+ return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%llu\n", zram->disksize);
}
static ssize_t initstate_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
+ u32 val;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
- return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", zram->init_done);
-}
-
-static ssize_t num_reads_show(struct device *dev,
- struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
- struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ down_read(&zram->init_lock);
+ val = init_done(zram);
+ up_read(&zram->init_lock);
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.num_reads));
+ return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%u\n", val);
}
-static ssize_t num_writes_show(struct device *dev,
+static ssize_t orig_data_size_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.num_writes));
+ return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%llu\n",
+ (u64)(atomic64_read(&zram->stats.pages_stored)) << PAGE_SHIFT);
}
-static ssize_t invalid_io_show(struct device *dev,
+static ssize_t mem_used_total_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
+ u64 val = 0;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ struct zram_meta *meta = zram->meta;
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.invalid_io));
-}
-
-static ssize_t notify_free_show(struct device *dev,
- struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
- struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ down_read(&zram->init_lock);
+ if (init_done(zram))
+ val = zs_get_total_size_bytes(meta->mem_pool);
+ up_read(&zram->init_lock);
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.notify_free));
+ return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%llu\n", val);
}
-static ssize_t zero_pages_show(struct device *dev,
+static ssize_t max_comp_streams_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
+ int val;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
- return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", atomic_read(&zram->stats.pages_zero));
+ down_read(&zram->init_lock);
+ val = zram->max_comp_streams;
+ up_read(&zram->init_lock);
+
+ return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%d\n", val);
}
-static ssize_t orig_data_size_show(struct device *dev,
- struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+static ssize_t max_comp_streams_store(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
+ int num;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ int ret;
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)(atomic_read(&zram->stats.pages_stored)) << PAGE_SHIFT);
-}
+ ret = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &num);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+ if (num < 1)
+ return -EINVAL;
-static ssize_t compr_data_size_show(struct device *dev,
- struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-{
- struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ down_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ if (init_done(zram)) {
+ if (!zcomp_set_max_streams(zram->comp, num)) {
+ pr_info("Cannot change max compression streams\n");
+ ret = -EINVAL;
+ goto out;
+ }
+ }
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
- (u64)atomic64_read(&zram->stats.compr_size));
+ zram->max_comp_streams = num;
+ ret = len;
+out:
+ up_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ return ret;
}
-static ssize_t mem_used_total_show(struct device *dev,
+static ssize_t comp_algorithm_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
- u64 val = 0;
+ size_t sz;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
- struct zram_meta *meta = zram->meta;
down_read(&zram->init_lock);
- if (zram->init_done)
- val = zs_get_total_size_bytes(meta->mem_pool);
+ sz = zcomp_available_show(zram->compressor, buf);
up_read(&zram->init_lock);
- return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n", val);
+ return sz;
+}
+
+static ssize_t comp_algorithm_store(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+ struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ down_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ if (init_done(zram)) {
+ up_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ pr_info("Can't change algorithm for initialized device\n");
+ return -EBUSY;
+ }
+ strlcpy(zram->compressor, buf, sizeof(zram->compressor));
+ up_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ return len;
}
/* flag operations needs meta->tb_lock */
@@ -192,8 +231,6 @@ static inline int valid_io_request(struct zram *zram, struct bio *bio)
static void zram_meta_free(struct zram_meta *meta)
{
zs_destroy_pool(meta->mem_pool);
- kfree(meta->compress_workmem);
- free_pages((unsigned long)meta->compress_buffer, 1);
vfree(meta->table);
kfree(meta);
}
@@ -205,22 +242,11 @@ static struct zram_meta *zram_meta_alloc(u64 disksize)
if (!meta)
goto out;
- meta->compress_workmem = kzalloc(LZO1X_MEM_COMPRESS, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!meta->compress_workmem)
- goto free_meta;
-
- meta->compress_buffer =
- (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, 1);
- if (!meta->compress_buffer) {
- pr_err("Error allocating compressor buffer space\n");
- goto free_workmem;
- }
-
num_pages = disksize >> PAGE_SHIFT;
meta->table = vzalloc(num_pages * sizeof(*meta->table));
if (!meta->table) {
pr_err("Error allocating zram address table\n");
- goto free_buffer;
+ goto free_meta;
}
meta->mem_pool = zs_create_pool(GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
@@ -230,15 +256,10 @@ static struct zram_meta *zram_meta_alloc(u64 disksize)
}
rwlock_init(&meta->tb_lock);
- mutex_init(&meta->buffer_lock);
return meta;
free_table:
vfree(meta->table);
-free_buffer:
- free_pages((unsigned long)meta->compress_buffer, 1);
-free_workmem:
- kfree(meta->compress_workmem);
free_meta:
kfree(meta);
meta = NULL;
@@ -288,7 +309,6 @@ static void zram_free_page(struct zram *zram, size_t index)
{
struct zram_meta *meta = zram->meta;
unsigned long handle = meta->table[index].handle;
- u16 size = meta->table[index].size;
if (unlikely(!handle)) {
/*
@@ -297,21 +317,15 @@ static void zram_free_page(struct zram *zram, size_t index)
*/
if (zram_test_flag(meta, index, ZRAM_ZERO)) {
zram_clear_flag(meta, index, ZRAM_ZERO);
- atomic_dec(&zram->stats.pages_zero);
+ atomic64_dec(&zram->stats.zero_pages);
}
return;
}
- if (unlikely(size > max_zpage_size))
- atomic_dec(&zram->stats.bad_compress);
-
zs_free(meta->mem_pool, handle);
- if (size <= PAGE_SIZE / 2)
- atomic_dec(&zram->stats.good_compress);
-
- atomic64_sub(meta->table[index].size, &zram->stats.compr_size);
- atomic_dec(&zram->stats.pages_stored);
+ atomic64_sub(meta->table[index].size, &zram->stats.compr_data_size);
+ atomic64_dec(&zram->stats.pages_stored);
meta->table[index].handle = 0;
meta->table[index].size = 0;
@@ -319,8 +333,7 @@ static void zram_free_page(struct zram *zram, size_t index)
static int zram_decompress_page(struct zram *zram, char *mem, u32 index)
{
- int ret = LZO_E_OK;
- size_t clen = PAGE_SIZE;
+ int ret = 0;
unsigned char *cmem;
struct zram_meta *meta = zram->meta;
unsigned long handle;
@@ -340,12 +353,12 @@ static int zram_decompress_page(struct zram *zram, char *mem, u32 index)
if (size == PAGE_SIZE)
copy_page(mem, cmem);
else
- ret = lzo1x_decompress_safe(cmem, size, mem, &clen);
+ ret = zcomp_decompress(zram->comp, cmem, size, mem);
zs_unmap_object(meta->mem_pool, handle);
read_unlock(&meta->tb_lock);
/* Should NEVER happen. Return bio error if it does. */
- if (unlikely(ret != LZO_E_OK)) {
+ if (unlikely(ret)) {
pr_err("Decompression failed! err=%d, page=%u\n", ret, index);
atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.failed_reads);
return ret;
@@ -388,7 +401,7 @@ static int zram_bvec_read(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec,
ret = zram_decompress_page(zram, uncmem, index);
/* Should NEVER happen. Return bio error if it does. */
- if (unlikely(ret != LZO_E_OK))
+ if (unlikely(ret))
goto out_cleanup;
if (is_partial_io(bvec))
@@ -413,11 +426,10 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
struct page *page;
unsigned char *user_mem, *cmem, *src, *uncmem = NULL;
struct zram_meta *meta = zram->meta;
+ struct zcomp_strm *zstrm;
bool locked = false;
page = bvec->bv_page;
- src = meta->compress_buffer;
-
if (is_partial_io(bvec)) {
/*
* This is a partial IO. We need to read the full page
@@ -433,7 +445,7 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
goto out;
}
- mutex_lock(&meta->buffer_lock);
+ zstrm = zcomp_strm_find(zram->comp);
locked = true;
user_mem = kmap_atomic(page);
@@ -454,28 +466,25 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
zram_set_flag(meta, index, ZRAM_ZERO);
write_unlock(&zram->meta->tb_lock);
- atomic_inc(&zram->stats.pages_zero);
+ atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.zero_pages);
ret = 0;
goto out;
}
- ret = lzo1x_1_compress(uncmem, PAGE_SIZE, src, &clen,
- meta->compress_workmem);
+ ret = zcomp_compress(zram->comp, zstrm, uncmem, &clen);
if (!is_partial_io(bvec)) {
kunmap_atomic(user_mem);
user_mem = NULL;
uncmem = NULL;
}
- if (unlikely(ret != LZO_E_OK)) {
+ if (unlikely(ret)) {
pr_err("Compression failed! err=%d\n", ret);
goto out;
}
-
+ src = zstrm->buffer;
if (unlikely(clen > max_zpage_size)) {
- atomic_inc(&zram->stats.bad_compress);
clen = PAGE_SIZE;
- src = NULL;
if (is_partial_io(bvec))
src = uncmem;
}
@@ -497,6 +506,8 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
memcpy(cmem, src, clen);
}
+ zcomp_strm_release(zram->comp, zstrm);
+ locked = false;
zs_unmap_object(meta->mem_pool, handle);
/*
@@ -511,49 +522,88 @@ static int zram_bvec_write(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
write_unlock(&zram->meta->tb_lock);
/* Update stats */
- atomic64_add(clen, &zram->stats.compr_size);
- atomic_inc(&zram->stats.pages_stored);
- if (clen <= PAGE_SIZE / 2)
- atomic_inc(&zram->stats.good_compress);
-
+ atomic64_add(clen, &zram->stats.compr_data_size);
+ atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.pages_stored);
out:
if (locked)
- mutex_unlock(&meta->buffer_lock);
+ zcomp_strm_release(zram->comp, zstrm);
if (is_partial_io(bvec))
kfree(uncmem);
-
if (ret)
atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.failed_writes);
return ret;
}
static int zram_bvec_rw(struct zram *zram, struct bio_vec *bvec, u32 index,
- int offset, struct bio *bio, int rw)
+ int offset, struct bio *bio)
{
int ret;
+ int rw = bio_data_dir(bio);
- if (rw == READ)
+ if (rw == READ) {
+ atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.num_reads);
ret = zram_bvec_read(zram, bvec, index, offset, bio);
- else
+ } else {
+ atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.num_writes);
ret = zram_bvec_write(zram, bvec, index, offset);
+ }
return ret;
}
+/*
+ * zram_bio_discard - handler on discard request
+ * @index: physical block index in PAGE_SIZE units
+ * @offset: byte offset within physical block
+ */
+static void zram_bio_discard(struct zram *zram, u32 index,
+ int offset, struct bio *bio)
+{
+ size_t n = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
+
+ /*
+ * zram manages data in physical block size units. Because logical block
+ * size isn't identical with physical block size on some arch, we
+ * could get a discard request pointing to a specific offset within a
+ * certain physical block. Although we can handle this request by
+ * reading that physiclal block and decompressing and partially zeroing
+ * and re-compressing and then re-storing it, this isn't reasonable
+ * because our intent with a discard request is to save memory. So
+ * skipping this logical block is appropriate here.
+ */
+ if (offset) {
+ if (n < offset)
+ return;
+
+ n -= offset;
+ index++;
+ }
+
+ while (n >= PAGE_SIZE) {
+ /*
+ * Discard request can be large so the lock hold times could be
+ * lengthy. So take the lock once per page.
+ */
+ write_lock(&zram->meta->tb_lock);
+ zram_free_page(zram, index);
+ write_unlock(&zram->meta->tb_lock);
+ index++;
+ n -= PAGE_SIZE;
+ }
+}
+
static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram, bool reset_capacity)
{
size_t index;
struct zram_meta *meta;
down_write(&zram->init_lock);
- if (!zram->init_done) {
+ if (!init_done(zram)) {
up_write(&zram->init_lock);
return;
}
meta = zram->meta;
- zram->init_done = 0;
-
/* Free all pages that are still in this zram device */
for (index = 0; index < zram->disksize >> PAGE_SHIFT; index++) {
unsigned long handle = meta->table[index].handle;
@@ -563,6 +613,9 @@ static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram, bool reset_capacity)
zs_free(meta->mem_pool, handle);
}
+ zcomp_destroy(zram->comp);
+ zram->max_comp_streams = 1;
+
zram_meta_free(zram->meta);
zram->meta = NULL;
/* Reset stats */
@@ -574,37 +627,14 @@ static void zram_reset_device(struct zram *zram, bool reset_capacity)
up_write(&zram->init_lock);
}
-static void zram_init_device(struct zram *zram, struct zram_meta *meta)
-{
- if (zram->disksize > 2 * (totalram_pages << PAGE_SHIFT)) {
- pr_info(
- "There is little point creating a zram of greater than "
- "twice the size of memory since we expect a 2:1 compression "
- "ratio. Note that zram uses about 0.1%% of the size of "
- "the disk when not in use so a huge zram is "
- "wasteful.\n"
- "\tMemory Size: %lu kB\n"
- "\tSize you selected: %llu kB\n"
- "Continuing anyway ...\n",
- (totalram_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) >> 10, zram->disksize >> 10
- );
- }
-
- /* zram devices sort of resembles non-rotational disks */
- queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, zram->disk->queue);
-
- zram->meta = meta;
- zram->init_done = 1;
-
- pr_debug("Initialization done!\n");
-}
-
static ssize_t disksize_store(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
u64 disksize;
+ struct zcomp *comp;
struct zram_meta *meta;
struct zram *zram = dev_to_zram(dev);
+ int err;
disksize = memparse(buf, NULL);
if (!disksize)
@@ -614,20 +644,35 @@ static ssize_t disksize_store(struct device *dev,
meta = zram_meta_alloc(disksize);
if (!meta)
return -ENOMEM;
+
+ comp = zcomp_create(zram->compressor, zram->max_comp_streams);
+ if (IS_ERR(comp)) {
+ pr_info("Cannot initialise %s compressing backend\n",
+ zram->compressor);
+ err = PTR_ERR(comp);
+ goto out_free_meta;
+ }
+
down_write(&zram->init_lock);
- if (zram->init_done) {
- up_write(&zram->init_lock);
- zram_meta_free(meta);
+ if (init_done(zram)) {
pr_info("Cannot change disksize for initialized device\n");
- return -EBUSY;
+ err = -EBUSY;
+ goto out_destroy_comp;
}
+ zram->meta = meta;
+ zram->comp = comp;
zram->disksize = disksize;
set_capacity(zram->disk, zram->disksize >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
- zram_init_device(zram, meta);
up_write(&zram->init_lock);
-
return len;
+
+out_destroy_comp:
+ up_write(&zram->init_lock);
+ zcomp_destroy(comp);
+out_free_meta:
+ zram_meta_free(meta);
+ return err;
}
static ssize_t reset_store(struct device *dev,
@@ -671,26 +716,23 @@ out:
return ret;
}
-static void __zram_make_request(struct zram *zram, struct bio *bio, int rw)
+static void __zram_make_request(struct zram *zram, struct bio *bio)
{
int offset;
u32 index;
struct bio_vec bvec;
struct bvec_iter iter;
- switch (rw) {
- case READ:
- atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.num_reads);
- break;
- case WRITE:
- atomic64_inc(&zram->stats.num_writes);
- break;
- }
-
index = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector >> SECTORS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
offset = (bio->bi_iter.bi_sector &
(SECTORS_PER_PAGE - 1)) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
+ if (unlikely(bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD)) {
+ zram_bio_discard(zram, index, offset, bio);
+ bio_endio(bio, 0);
+ return;
+ }
+
bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter) {
int max_transfer_size = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
@@ -705,16 +747,15 @@ static void __zram_make_request(struct zram *zram, struct bio *bio, int rw)
bv.bv_len = max_transfer_size;
bv.bv_offset = bvec.bv_offset;
- if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bv, index, offset, bio, rw) < 0)
+ if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bv, index, offset, bio) < 0)
goto out;
bv.bv_len = bvec.bv_len - max_transfer_size;
bv.bv_offset += max_transfer_size;
- if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bv, index+1, 0, bio, rw) < 0)
+ if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bv, index + 1, 0, bio) < 0)
goto out;
} else
- if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bvec, index, offset, bio, rw)
- < 0)
+ if (zram_bvec_rw(zram, &bvec, index, offset, bio) < 0)
goto out;
update_position(&index, &offset, &bvec);
@@ -736,7 +777,7 @@ static void zram_make_request(struct request_queue *queue, struct bio *bio)
struct zram *zram = queue->queuedata;
down_read(&zram->init_lock);
- if (unlikely(!zram->init_done))
+ if (unlikely(!init_done(zram)))
goto error;
if (!valid_io_request(zram, bio)) {
@@ -744,7 +785,7 @@ static void zram_make_request(struct request_queue *queue, struct bio *bio)
goto error;
}
- __zram_make_request(zram, bio, bio_data_dir(bio));
+ __zram_make_request(zram, bio);
up_read(&zram->init_lock);
return;
@@ -778,14 +819,21 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(disksize, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
disksize_show, disksize_store);
static DEVICE_ATTR(initstate, S_IRUGO, initstate_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(reset, S_IWUSR, NULL, reset_store);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(num_reads, S_IRUGO, num_reads_show, NULL);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(num_writes, S_IRUGO, num_writes_show, NULL);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(invalid_io, S_IRUGO, invalid_io_show, NULL);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(notify_free, S_IRUGO, notify_free_show, NULL);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(zero_pages, S_IRUGO, zero_pages_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(orig_data_size, S_IRUGO, orig_data_size_show, NULL);
-static DEVICE_ATTR(compr_data_size, S_IRUGO, compr_data_size_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(mem_used_total, S_IRUGO, mem_used_total_show, NULL);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(max_comp_streams, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ max_comp_streams_show, max_comp_streams_store);
+static DEVICE_ATTR(comp_algorithm, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
+ comp_algorithm_show, comp_algorithm_store);
+
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(num_reads);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(num_writes);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(failed_reads);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(failed_writes);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(invalid_io);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(notify_free);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(zero_pages);
+ZRAM_ATTR_RO(compr_data_size);
static struct attribute *zram_disk_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_disksize.attr,
@@ -793,12 +841,16 @@ static struct attribute *zram_disk_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_reset.attr,
&dev_attr_num_reads.attr,
&dev_attr_num_writes.attr,
+ &dev_attr_failed_reads.attr,
+ &dev_attr_failed_writes.attr,
&dev_attr_invalid_io.attr,
&dev_attr_notify_free.attr,
&dev_attr_zero_pages.attr,
&dev_attr_orig_data_size.attr,
&dev_attr_compr_data_size.attr,
&dev_attr_mem_used_total.attr,
+ &dev_attr_max_comp_streams.attr,
+ &dev_attr_comp_algorithm.attr,
NULL,
};
@@ -839,7 +891,8 @@ static int create_device(struct zram *zram, int device_id)
/* Actual capacity set using syfs (/sys/block/zram<id>/disksize */
set_capacity(zram->disk, 0);
-
+ /* zram devices sort of resembles non-rotational disks */
+ queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, zram->disk->queue);
/*
* To ensure that we always get PAGE_SIZE aligned
* and n*PAGE_SIZED sized I/O requests.
@@ -849,6 +902,21 @@ static int create_device(struct zram *zram, int device_id)
ZRAM_LOGICAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
blk_queue_io_min(zram->disk->queue, PAGE_SIZE);
blk_queue_io_opt(zram->disk->queue, PAGE_SIZE);
+ zram->disk->queue->limits.discard_granularity = PAGE_SIZE;
+ zram->disk->queue->limits.max_discard_sectors = UINT_MAX;
+ /*
+ * zram_bio_discard() will clear all logical blocks if logical block
+ * size is identical with physical block size(PAGE_SIZE). But if it is
+ * different, we will skip discarding some parts of logical blocks in
+ * the part of the request range which isn't aligned to physical block
+ * size. So we can't ensure that all discarded logical blocks are
+ * zeroed.
+ */
+ if (ZRAM_LOGICAL_BLOCK_SIZE == PAGE_SIZE)
+ zram->disk->queue->limits.discard_zeroes_data = 1;
+ else
+ zram->disk->queue->limits.discard_zeroes_data = 0;
+ queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DISCARD, zram->disk->queue);
add_disk(zram->disk);
@@ -858,8 +926,9 @@ static int create_device(struct zram *zram, int device_id)
pr_warn("Error creating sysfs group");
goto out_free_disk;
}
-
- zram->init_done = 0;
+ strlcpy(zram->compressor, default_compressor, sizeof(zram->compressor));
+ zram->meta = NULL;
+ zram->max_comp_streams = 1;
return 0;
out_free_disk:
diff --git a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
index ad8aa35bae00..7f21c145e317 100644
--- a/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
+++ b/drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.h
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
#define _ZRAM_DRV_H_
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
-#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/zsmalloc.h>
+#include "zcomp.h"
+
/*
* Some arbitrary value. This is just to catch
* invalid value for num_devices module parameter.
@@ -64,38 +65,33 @@ enum zram_pageflags {
struct table {
unsigned long handle;
u16 size; /* object size (excluding header) */
- u8 count; /* object ref count (not yet used) */
u8 flags;
} __aligned(4);
struct zram_stats {
- atomic64_t compr_size; /* compressed size of pages stored */
+ atomic64_t compr_data_size; /* compressed size of pages stored */
atomic64_t num_reads; /* failed + successful */
atomic64_t num_writes; /* --do-- */
atomic64_t failed_reads; /* should NEVER! happen */
atomic64_t failed_writes; /* can happen when memory is too low */
atomic64_t invalid_io; /* non-page-aligned I/O requests */
atomic64_t notify_free; /* no. of swap slot free notifications */
- atomic_t pages_zero; /* no. of zero filled pages */
- atomic_t pages_stored; /* no. of pages currently stored */
- atomic_t good_compress; /* % of pages with compression ratio<=50% */
- atomic_t bad_compress; /* % of pages with compression ratio>=75% */
+ atomic64_t zero_pages; /* no. of zero filled pages */
+ atomic64_t pages_stored; /* no. of pages currently stored */
};
struct zram_meta {
rwlock_t tb_lock; /* protect table */
- void *compress_workmem;
- void *compress_buffer;
struct table *table;
struct zs_pool *mem_pool;
- struct mutex buffer_lock; /* protect compress buffers */
};
struct zram {
struct zram_meta *meta;
struct request_queue *queue;
struct gendisk *disk;
- int init_done;
+ struct zcomp *comp;
+
/* Prevent concurrent execution of device init, reset and R/W request */
struct rw_semaphore init_lock;
/*
@@ -103,7 +99,8 @@ struct zram {
* we can store in a disk.
*/
u64 disksize; /* bytes */
-
+ int max_comp_streams;
struct zram_stats stats;
+ char compressor[10];
};
#endif
diff --git a/drivers/char/tpm/Kconfig b/drivers/char/tpm/Kconfig
index 1a65838888cd..c54cac3f8bc8 100644
--- a/drivers/char/tpm/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/char/tpm/Kconfig
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ config TCG_NSC
config TCG_ATMEL
tristate "Atmel TPM Interface"
- depends on PPC64 || HAS_IOPORT
+ depends on PPC64 || HAS_IOPORT_MAP
---help---
If you have a TPM security chip from Atmel say Yes and it
will be accessible from within Linux. To compile this driver
diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig b/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
index de17c5593d97..014afab1d551 100644
--- a/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/Kconfig
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ config I2C_ACORN
config I2C_ELEKTOR
tristate "Elektor ISA card"
- depends on ISA && HAS_IOPORT && BROKEN_ON_SMP
+ depends on ISA && HAS_IOPORT_MAP && BROKEN_ON_SMP
select I2C_ALGOPCF
help
This supports the PCF8584 ISA bus I2C adapter. Say Y if you own
diff --git a/drivers/lguest/page_tables.c b/drivers/lguest/page_tables.c
index bfb39bb56ef1..e8b55c3a6170 100644
--- a/drivers/lguest/page_tables.c
+++ b/drivers/lguest/page_tables.c
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ void guest_new_pagetable(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned long pgtable)
* _PAGE_ACCESSED then we can put a read-only PTE entry in immediately, and if
* they set _PAGE_DIRTY then we can put a writable PTE entry in immediately.
*/
-static void do_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, int idx,
+static void __guest_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu, int idx,
unsigned long vaddr, pte_t gpte)
{
/* Look up the matching shadow page directory entry. */
@@ -960,13 +960,13 @@ void guest_set_pte(struct lg_cpu *cpu,
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs); i++)
if (cpu->lg->pgdirs[i].pgdir)
- do_set_pte(cpu, i, vaddr, gpte);
+ __guest_set_pte(cpu, i, vaddr, gpte);
} else {
/* Is this page table one we have a shadow for? */
int pgdir = find_pgdir(cpu->lg, gpgdir);
if (pgdir != ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->pgdirs))
/* If so, do the update. */
- do_set_pte(cpu, pgdir, vaddr, gpte);
+ __guest_set_pte(cpu, pgdir, vaddr, gpte);
}
}
diff --git a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
index 2bef3f76032a..a3700a56b8ff 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
+++ b/drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grukdump.c
@@ -178,10 +178,10 @@ static int gru_dump_context(struct gru_state *gru, int ctxnum,
hdr.cbrcnt = cbrcnt;
hdr.dsrcnt = dsrcnt;
hdr.cch_locked = cch_locked;
- if (!ret && copy_to_user((void __user *)uhdr, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
+ if (copy_to_user(uhdr, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)))
+ return -EFAULT;
- return ret ? ret : bytes;
+ return bytes;
}
int gru_dump_chiplet_request(unsigned long arg)
diff --git a/drivers/net/can/sja1000/Kconfig b/drivers/net/can/sja1000/Kconfig
index 4b18b8765523..1e65cb6c2591 100644
--- a/drivers/net/can/sja1000/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/net/can/sja1000/Kconfig
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ config CAN_EMS_PCI
config CAN_PEAK_PCMCIA
tristate "PEAK PCAN-PC Card"
depends on PCMCIA
- depends on HAS_IOPORT
+ depends on HAS_IOPORT_MAP
---help---
This driver is for the PCAN-PC Card PCMCIA adapter (1 or 2 channels)
from PEAK-System (http://www.peak-system.com). To compile this
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/3com/Kconfig b/drivers/net/ethernet/3com/Kconfig
index 65b735d4a6ad..afaab4b2333f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/3com/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/3com/Kconfig
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ config PCMCIA_3C589
config VORTEX
tristate "3c590/3c900 series (592/595/597) \"Vortex/Boomerang\" support"
- depends on (PCI || EISA) && HAS_IOPORT
+ depends on (PCI || EISA) && HAS_IOPORT_MAP
select MII
---help---
This option enables driver support for a large number of 10Mbps and
diff --git a/drivers/net/rionet.c b/drivers/net/rionet.c
index 6d1f6ed3113f..a8497183ff8b 100644
--- a/drivers/net/rionet.c
+++ b/drivers/net/rionet.c
@@ -493,6 +493,7 @@ static int rionet_setup_netdev(struct rio_mport *mport, struct net_device *ndev)
ndev->netdev_ops = &rionet_netdev_ops;
ndev->mtu = RIO_MAX_MSG_SIZE - 14;
ndev->features = NETIF_F_LLTX;
+ SET_NETDEV_DEV(ndev, &mport->dev);
SET_ETHTOOL_OPS(ndev, &rionet_ethtool_ops);
spin_lock_init(&rnet->lock);
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.c b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.c
index ff7cbf2d28e3..1753dc693c15 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.c
@@ -2256,6 +2256,7 @@ static int tsi721_setup_mport(struct tsi721_device *priv)
mport->phy_type = RIO_PHY_SERIAL;
mport->priv = (void *)priv;
mport->phys_efptr = 0x100;
+ mport->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
priv->mport = mport;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mport->dbells);
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.h b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.h
index 7061ac0ad428..0305675270ee 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.h
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721.h
@@ -644,6 +644,9 @@ enum tsi721_smsg_int_flag {
#ifdef CONFIG_RAPIDIO_DMA_ENGINE
+#define TSI721_BDMA_BD_RING_SZ 128
+#define TSI721_BDMA_MAX_BCOUNT (TSI721_DMAD_BCOUNT1 + 1)
+
struct tsi721_tx_desc {
struct dma_async_tx_descriptor txd;
struct tsi721_dma_desc *hw_desc;
@@ -652,6 +655,7 @@ struct tsi721_tx_desc {
u64 rio_addr;
/* upper 2-bits of 66-bit RIO address */
u8 rio_addr_u;
+ u32 bcount;
bool interrupt;
struct list_head desc_node;
struct list_head tx_list;
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721_dma.c b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721_dma.c
index 91245f5dbe81..9b60b1f3261c 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721_dma.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/devices/tsi721_dma.c
@@ -304,35 +304,17 @@ struct tsi721_tx_desc *tsi721_desc_get(struct tsi721_bdma_chan *bdma_chan)
}
static int
-tsi721_fill_desc(struct tsi721_bdma_chan *bdma_chan,
- struct tsi721_tx_desc *desc, struct scatterlist *sg,
+tsi721_desc_fill_init(struct tsi721_tx_desc *desc, struct scatterlist *sg,
enum dma_rtype rtype, u32 sys_size)
{
struct tsi721_dma_desc *bd_ptr = desc->hw_desc;
u64 rio_addr;
- if (sg_dma_len(sg) > TSI721_DMAD_BCOUNT1 + 1) {
- dev_err(bdma_chan->dchan.device->dev,
- "SG element is too large\n");
- return -EINVAL;
- }
-
- dev_dbg(bdma_chan->dchan.device->dev,
- "desc: 0x%llx, addr: 0x%llx len: 0x%x\n",
- (u64)desc->txd.phys, (unsigned long long)sg_dma_address(sg),
- sg_dma_len(sg));
-
- dev_dbg(bdma_chan->dchan.device->dev,
- "bd_ptr = %p did=%d raddr=0x%llx\n",
- bd_ptr, desc->destid, desc->rio_addr);
-
/* Initialize DMA descriptor */
bd_ptr->type_id = cpu_to_le32((DTYPE1 << 29) |
(rtype << 19) | desc->destid);
- if (desc->interrupt)
- bd_ptr->type_id |= cpu_to_le32(TSI721_DMAD_IOF);
bd_ptr->bcount = cpu_to_le32(((desc->rio_addr & 0x3) << 30) |
- (sys_size << 26) | sg_dma_len(sg));
+ (sys_size << 26));
rio_addr = (desc->rio_addr >> 2) |
((u64)(desc->rio_addr_u & 0x3) << 62);
bd_ptr->raddr_lo = cpu_to_le32(rio_addr & 0xffffffff);
@@ -346,6 +328,20 @@ tsi721_fill_desc(struct tsi721_bdma_chan *bdma_chan,
return 0;
}
+static int
+tsi721_desc_fill_end(struct tsi721_tx_desc *desc)
+{
+ struct tsi721_dma_desc *bd_ptr = desc->hw_desc;
+
+ /* Update DMA descriptor */
+ if (desc->interrupt)
+ bd_ptr->type_id |= cpu_to_le32(TSI721_DMAD_IOF);
+ bd_ptr->bcount |= cpu_to_le32(desc->bcount & TSI721_DMAD_BCOUNT1);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
static void tsi721_dma_chain_complete(struct tsi721_bdma_chan *bdma_chan,
struct tsi721_tx_desc *desc)
{
@@ -674,6 +670,7 @@ struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tsi721_prep_rio_sg(struct dma_chan *dchan,
unsigned int i;
u32 sys_size = dma_to_mport(dchan->device)->sys_size;
enum dma_rtype rtype;
+ dma_addr_t next_addr = -1;
if (!sgl || !sg_len) {
dev_err(dchan->device->dev, "%s: No SG list\n", __func__);
@@ -704,36 +701,84 @@ struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tsi721_prep_rio_sg(struct dma_chan *dchan,
for_each_sg(sgl, sg, sg_len, i) {
int err;
- dev_dbg(dchan->device->dev, "%s: sg #%d\n", __func__, i);
+ if (sg_dma_len(sg) > TSI721_BDMA_MAX_BCOUNT) {
+ dev_err(dchan->device->dev,
+ "%s: SG entry %d is too large\n", __func__, i);
+ goto err_desc_put;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If this sg entry forms contiguous block with previous one,
+ * try to merge it into existing DMA descriptor
+ */
+ if (desc) {
+ if (next_addr == sg_dma_address(sg) &&
+ desc->bcount + sg_dma_len(sg) <=
+ TSI721_BDMA_MAX_BCOUNT) {
+ /* Adjust byte count of the descriptor */
+ desc->bcount += sg_dma_len(sg);
+ goto entry_done;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Finalize this descriptor using total
+ * byte count value.
+ */
+ tsi721_desc_fill_end(desc);
+ dev_dbg(dchan->device->dev, "%s: desc final len: %d\n",
+ __func__, desc->bcount);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Obtain and initialize a new descriptor
+ */
desc = tsi721_desc_get(bdma_chan);
if (!desc) {
dev_err(dchan->device->dev,
- "Not enough descriptors available\n");
- goto err_desc_get;
+ "%s: Failed to get new descriptor for SG %d\n",
+ __func__, i);
+ goto err_desc_put;
}
- if (sg_is_last(sg))
- desc->interrupt = (flags & DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT) != 0;
- else
- desc->interrupt = false;
-
desc->destid = rext->destid;
desc->rio_addr = rio_addr;
desc->rio_addr_u = 0;
+ desc->bcount = sg_dma_len(sg);
+
+ dev_dbg(dchan->device->dev,
+ "sg%d desc: 0x%llx, addr: 0x%llx len: %d\n",
+ i, (u64)desc->txd.phys,
+ (unsigned long long)sg_dma_address(sg),
+ sg_dma_len(sg));
+
+ dev_dbg(dchan->device->dev,
+ "bd_ptr = %p did=%d raddr=0x%llx\n",
+ desc->hw_desc, desc->destid, desc->rio_addr);
- err = tsi721_fill_desc(bdma_chan, desc, sg, rtype, sys_size);
+ err = tsi721_desc_fill_init(desc, sg, rtype, sys_size);
if (err) {
dev_err(dchan->device->dev,
"Failed to build desc: %d\n", err);
- goto err_desc_get;
+ goto err_desc_put;
}
- rio_addr += sg_dma_len(sg);
+ next_addr = sg_dma_address(sg);
if (!first)
first = desc;
else
list_add_tail(&desc->desc_node, &first->tx_list);
+
+entry_done:
+ if (sg_is_last(sg)) {
+ desc->interrupt = (flags & DMA_PREP_INTERRUPT) != 0;
+ tsi721_desc_fill_end(desc);
+ dev_dbg(dchan->device->dev, "%s: desc final len: %d\n",
+ __func__, desc->bcount);
+ } else {
+ rio_addr += sg_dma_len(sg);
+ next_addr += sg_dma_len(sg);
+ }
}
first->txd.cookie = -EBUSY;
@@ -741,7 +786,7 @@ struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *tsi721_prep_rio_sg(struct dma_chan *dchan,
return &first->txd;
-err_desc_get:
+err_desc_put:
tsi721_desc_put(bdma_chan, first);
return NULL;
}
@@ -792,7 +837,7 @@ int tsi721_register_dma(struct tsi721_device *priv)
if (i == TSI721_DMACH_MAINT)
continue;
- bdma_chan->bd_num = 64;
+ bdma_chan->bd_num = TSI721_BDMA_BD_RING_SZ;
bdma_chan->regs = priv->regs + TSI721_DMAC_BASE(i);
bdma_chan->dchan.device = &mport->dma;
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c b/drivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c
index c9ae692d3451..f301f059bb85 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/rio-driver.c
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ void rio_unregister_driver(struct rio_driver *rdrv)
void rio_attach_device(struct rio_dev *rdev)
{
rdev->dev.bus = &rio_bus_type;
- rdev->dev.parent = &rio_bus;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rio_attach_device);
@@ -216,9 +215,12 @@ static int rio_uevent(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env)
return 0;
}
-struct device rio_bus = {
- .init_name = "rapidio",
+struct class rio_mport_class = {
+ .name = "rapidio_port",
+ .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+ .dev_groups = rio_mport_groups,
};
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rio_mport_class);
struct bus_type rio_bus_type = {
.name = "rapidio",
@@ -233,14 +235,20 @@ struct bus_type rio_bus_type = {
/**
* rio_bus_init - Register the RapidIO bus with the device model
*
- * Registers the RIO bus device and RIO bus type with the Linux
+ * Registers the RIO mport device class and RIO bus type with the Linux
* device model.
*/
static int __init rio_bus_init(void)
{
- if (device_register(&rio_bus) < 0)
- printk("RIO: failed to register RIO bus device\n");
- return bus_register(&rio_bus_type);
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = class_register(&rio_mport_class);
+ if (!ret) {
+ ret = bus_register(&rio_bus_type);
+ if (ret)
+ class_unregister(&rio_mport_class);
+ }
+ return ret;
}
postcore_initcall(rio_bus_init);
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c b/drivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c
index d3a6539a77cc..47a1b2ea76c4 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/rio-scan.c
@@ -461,6 +461,7 @@ static struct rio_dev *rio_setup_device(struct rio_net *net,
rdev->comp_tag & RIO_CTAG_UDEVID);
}
+ rdev->dev.parent = &port->dev;
rio_attach_device(rdev);
device_initialize(&rdev->dev);
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c b/drivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c
index e0221c6d0cc2..cdb005c0094d 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/rio-sysfs.c
@@ -341,3 +341,43 @@ const struct attribute_group *rio_bus_groups[] = {
&rio_bus_group,
NULL,
};
+
+static ssize_t
+port_destid_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+ char *buf)
+{
+ struct rio_mport *mport = to_rio_mport(dev);
+
+ if (mport)
+ return sprintf(buf, "0x%04x\n", mport->host_deviceid);
+ else
+ return -ENODEV;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(port_destid);
+
+static ssize_t sys_size_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+ char *buf)
+{
+ struct rio_mport *mport = to_rio_mport(dev);
+
+ if (mport)
+ return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", mport->sys_size);
+ else
+ return -ENODEV;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(sys_size);
+
+static struct attribute *rio_mport_attrs[] = {
+ &dev_attr_port_destid.attr,
+ &dev_attr_sys_size.attr,
+ NULL,
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group rio_mport_group = {
+ .attrs = rio_mport_attrs,
+};
+
+const struct attribute_group *rio_mport_groups[] = {
+ &rio_mport_group,
+ NULL,
+};
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/rio.c b/drivers/rapidio/rio.c
index 2e8a20cac588..a54ba0494dd3 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/rio.c
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/rio.c
@@ -1884,6 +1884,7 @@ static int rio_get_hdid(int index)
int rio_register_mport(struct rio_mport *port)
{
struct rio_scan_node *scan = NULL;
+ int res = 0;
if (next_portid >= RIO_MAX_MPORTS) {
pr_err("RIO: reached specified max number of mports\n");
@@ -1894,6 +1895,16 @@ int rio_register_mport(struct rio_mport *port)
port->host_deviceid = rio_get_hdid(port->id);
port->nscan = NULL;
+ dev_set_name(&port->dev, "rapidio%d", port->id);
+ port->dev.class = &rio_mport_class;
+
+ res = device_register(&port->dev);
+ if (res)
+ dev_err(&port->dev, "RIO: mport%d registration failed ERR=%d\n",
+ port->id, res);
+ else
+ dev_dbg(&port->dev, "RIO: mport%d registered\n", port->id);
+
mutex_lock(&rio_mport_list_lock);
list_add_tail(&port->node, &rio_mports);
diff --git a/drivers/rapidio/rio.h b/drivers/rapidio/rio.h
index 5f99d22ad0b0..2d0550e08ea2 100644
--- a/drivers/rapidio/rio.h
+++ b/drivers/rapidio/rio.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ extern int rio_mport_scan(int mport_id);
/* Structures internal to the RIO core code */
extern const struct attribute_group *rio_dev_groups[];
extern const struct attribute_group *rio_bus_groups[];
+extern const struct attribute_group *rio_mport_groups[];
#define RIO_GET_DID(size, x) (size ? (x & 0xffff) : ((x & 0x00ff0000) >> 16))
#define RIO_SET_DID(size, x) (size ? (x & 0xffff) : ((x & 0x000000ff) << 16))