License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

40 files changed, 40 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
index ed56a1c4ae73..13ed827c7c66 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Kconfig
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 mainmenu "User Mode Linux/$SUBARCH $KERNELVERSION Kernel Configuration"
 
 source "arch/um/Kconfig.common"
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
index 46cbbfe03285..c2d3d7c51e9e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2002 - 2007 Jeff Dike (jdike@{addtoit,linux.intel}.com)
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/arch_hweight.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/arch_hweight.h
index c656cf443f4a..0d2d5fbb3a39 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/arch_hweight.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/arch_hweight.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_UM_HWEIGHT_H
 #define _ASM_UM_HWEIGHT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
index 00c319048d52..b7d73400ea29 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_UM_BARRIER_H_
 #define _ASM_UM_BARRIER_H_
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/checksum.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/checksum.h
index 54d96f1e3594..2a56cac64687 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/checksum.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/checksum.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_CHECKSUM_H
 #define __UM_CHECKSUM_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/desc.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/desc.h
index 4ec34a51b62c..34de4e93d945 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/desc.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/desc.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_DESC_H
 #define __UM_DESC_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/module.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/module.h
index 61af80e932eb..a3b061d66082 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/module.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/module.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_MODULE_H
 #define __UM_MODULE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/processor.h
index c77db2288982..593d5f3902bd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/processor.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_PROCESSOR_H
 #define __UM_PROCESSOR_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/ptrace.h
index b291ca5cf66b..83822fd42204 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/ptrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_X86_PTRACE_H
 #define __UM_X86_PTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/segment.h
index 41dd5e1f3cd7..453db377150d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/segment.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/segment.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_SEGMENT_H
 #define __UM_SEGMENT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/syscall.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/syscall.h
index 11ab90dc5f14..ef898af102d1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/syscall.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/syscall.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __UM_ASM_SYSCALL_H
 #define __UM_ASM_SYSCALL_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/elfcore.c b/arch/x86/um/elfcore.c
index 7bb89a27a5e4..48a3eb09d951 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/elfcore.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/elfcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 #include <linux/coredump.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/mem_64.c b/arch/x86/um/mem_64.c
index 7642e2e2aa61..c027e93d1002 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/mem_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/mem_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <asm/elf.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/mcontext.c b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/mcontext.c
index 1d33d72c6284..49c3744cac37 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/mcontext.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/mcontext.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <sys/ucontext.h>
 #define __FRAME_OFFSETS
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/task_size.c b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/task_size.c
index 5adb6a2fd117..e62174638f00 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/task_size.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/task_size.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/tls.c b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/tls.c
index ed8ea90967dc..3e1b1bf6acbc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/tls.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/tls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <linux/unistd.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/setjmp_32.S b/arch/x86/um/setjmp_32.S
index 39053192918d..62eaf8c80e04 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/setjmp_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/setjmp_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #
 # arch/i386/setjmp.S
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/setjmp_64.S b/arch/x86/um/setjmp_64.S
index c56942e1a38c..1b5d40d4ff46 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/setjmp_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/setjmp_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #
 # arch/x86_64/setjmp.S
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp.h
index ff7766d28226..166cedbab926 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef __i386__
 #include "archsetjmp_32.h"
 #else
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_32.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_32.h
index 0f312085ce1d..fb08f2576438 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_32.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_32.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/um/include/sysdep-i386/archsetjmp.h
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_64.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_64.h
index 2af8f12ca161..9b499e457ba0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_64.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/archsetjmp_64.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/um/include/sysdep-x86_64/archsetjmp.h
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/faultinfo.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/faultinfo.h
index 862ecb1c7781..4390803e07a1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/faultinfo.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/faultinfo.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef __i386__
 #include "faultinfo_32.h"
 #else
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/kernel-offsets.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/kernel-offsets.h
index 7e1d35b6ad5c..a004bffb7b8d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/kernel-offsets.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/kernel-offsets.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/elf.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace.h
index eb9356904ad3..6ca4ecabc55b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __SYSDEP_X86_PTRACE_H
 #define __SYSDEP_X86_PTRACE_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace_user.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace_user.h
index 16cd6b5e71f7..44782bbad41e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace_user.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/ptrace_user.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <generated/user_constants.h>
 
 #define PT_OFFSET(r) ((r) * sizeof(long))
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/stub.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/stub.h
index 3f55e5bd3cec..ce0ca46ad383 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/stub.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/stub.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <asm/unistd.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/syscalls.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/syscalls.h
index bd9a89b67e41..b2060ac707f0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/syscalls.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/syscalls.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef __i386__
 #include "syscalls_32.h"
 #else
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/tls.h b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/tls.h
index a682db13df23..b968016aa379 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/tls.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/shared/sysdep/tls.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _SYSDEP_TLS_H
 #define _SYSDEP_TLS_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/stub_32.S b/arch/x86/um/stub_32.S
index 98816804e131..a193e88536a9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/stub_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/stub_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <as-layout.h>
 
 .section .__syscall_stub, "ax"
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/stub_64.S b/arch/x86/um/stub_64.S
index ba914b3b8cc4..8a95c5b2eaf9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/stub_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/stub_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <as-layout.h>
 
 .section .__syscall_stub, "ax"
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_32.c b/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_32.c
index bfce503dffae..9649b5ad2ca2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * System call table for UML/i386, copied from arch/x86/kernel/syscall_*.c
  * with some changes for UML.
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_64.c b/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_64.c
index f306413d3eb6..c8bc7fb8cbd6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/sys_call_table_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * System call table for UML/x86-64, copied from arch/x86/kernel/syscall_*.c
  * with some changes for UML.
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/syscalls_32.c b/arch/x86/um/syscalls_32.c
index 627d68836b16..5c65254c8f35 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/syscalls_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/syscalls_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <os.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/tls_64.c b/arch/x86/um/tls_64.c
index 3ad714373d7f..3a621e0d3925 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/tls_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/tls_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace-abi.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/user-offsets.c b/arch/x86/um/user-offsets.c
index 3099c209546f..5b37b7f952dd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/user-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/x86/um/user-offsets.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
index 329406224330..10003359e633 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Building vDSO images for x86.
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/checkundef.sh b/arch/x86/um/vdso/checkundef.sh
index 7ee90a9b549d..8e3ea6bb956f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/checkundef.sh
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/checkundef.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 nm="$1"
 file="$2"
 $nm "$file" | grep '^ *U' > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso-layout.lds.S b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso-layout.lds.S
index 634a2cf62046..439b790df18f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso-layout.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso-layout.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Linker script for vDSO.  This is an ELF shared object prelinked to
  * its virtual address, and with only one read-only segment.
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.S b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.S
index 1cb468adacbb..a4a3870dc059 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
 __INITDATA
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.lds.S b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.lds.S
index b96b2677cad8..73c508587a98 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Linker script for 64-bit vDSO.
  * We #include the file to define the layout details.