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author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2022-08-06 02:32:45 +0300 |
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committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2022-08-06 02:32:45 +0300 |
commit | 6614a3c3164a5df2b54abb0b3559f51041cf705b (patch) | |
tree | 1c25c23d9efed988705287fc2ccb78e0e76e311d /Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst | |
parent | 74cae210a335d159f2eb822e261adee905b6951a (diff) | |
parent | 360614c01f81f48a89d8b13f8fa69c3ae0a1f5c7 (diff) | |
download | linux-6614a3c3164a5df2b54abb0b3559f51041cf705b.tar.xz |
Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-08-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"Most of the MM queue. A few things are still pending.
Liam's maple tree rework didn't make it. This has resulted in a few
other minor patch series being held over for next time.
Multi-gen LRU still isn't merged as we were waiting for mapletree to
stabilize. The current plan is to merge MGLRU into -mm soon and to
later reintroduce mapletree, with a view to hopefully getting both
into 6.1-rc1.
Summary:
- The usual batches of cleanups from Baoquan He, Muchun Song, Miaohe
Lin, Yang Shi, Anshuman Khandual and Mike Rapoport
- Some kmemleak fixes from Patrick Wang and Waiman Long
- DAMON updates from SeongJae Park
- memcg debug/visibility work from Roman Gushchin
- vmalloc speedup from Uladzislau Rezki
- more folio conversion work from Matthew Wilcox
- enhancements for coherent device memory mapping from Alex Sierra
- addition of shared pages tracking and CoW support for fsdax, from
Shiyang Ruan
- hugetlb optimizations from Mike Kravetz
- Mel Gorman has contributed some pagealloc changes to improve
latency and realtime behaviour.
- mprotect soft-dirty checking has been improved by Peter Xu
- Many other singleton patches all over the place"
[ XFS merge from hell as per Darrick Wong in
https://lore.kernel.org/all/YshKnxb4VwXycPO8@magnolia/ ]
* tag 'mm-stable-2022-08-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (282 commits)
tools/testing/selftests/vm/hmm-tests.c: fix build
mm: Kconfig: fix typo
mm: memory-failure: convert to pr_fmt()
mm: use is_zone_movable_page() helper
hugetlbfs: fix inaccurate comment in hugetlbfs_statfs()
hugetlbfs: cleanup some comments in inode.c
hugetlbfs: remove unneeded header file
hugetlbfs: remove unneeded hugetlbfs_ops forward declaration
hugetlbfs: use helper macro SZ_1{K,M}
mm: cleanup is_highmem()
mm/hmm: add a test for cross device private faults
selftests: add soft-dirty into run_vmtests.sh
selftests: soft-dirty: add test for mprotect
mm/mprotect: fix soft-dirty check in can_change_pte_writable()
mm: memcontrol: fix potential oom_lock recursion deadlock
mm/gup.c: fix formatting in check_and_migrate_movable_page()
xfs: fail dax mount if reflink is enabled on a partition
mm/memcontrol.c: remove the redundant updating of stats_flush_threshold
userfaultfd: don't fail on unrecognized features
hugetlb_cgroup: fix wrong hugetlb cgroup numa stat
...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst | 133 |
1 files changed, 133 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d02a23f7f07e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst + +:Original: Documentation/mm/vmalloced-kernel-stacks.rst + +:翻译: + + 司延腾 Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn> + +:校译: + +==================== +支持虚拟映射的内核栈 +==================== + +:作者: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> + +.. contents:: :local: + +概览 +---- + +这是介绍 `虚拟映射内核栈功能 <https://lwn.net/Articles/694348/>` 的代码 +和原始补丁系列的信息汇总。 + +简介 +---- + +内核堆栈溢出通常难以调试,并使内核容易被(恶意)利用。问题可能在稍后的时间出现,使其难以 +隔离和究其根本原因。 + +带有保护页的虚拟映射内核堆栈如果溢出,会被立即捕获,而不会放任其导致难以诊断的损 +坏。 + +HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK和VMAP_STACK配置选项能够支持带有保护页的虚拟映射堆栈。 +当堆栈溢出时,这个特性会引发可靠的异常。溢出后堆栈跟踪的可用性以及对溢出本身的 +响应取决于架构。 + +.. note:: + 截至本文撰写时, arm64, powerpc, riscv, s390, um, 和 x86 支持VMAP_STACK。 + +HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK +-------------------- + +能够支持虚拟映射内核栈的架构应该启用这个bool配置选项。要求是: + +- vmalloc空间必须大到足以容纳许多内核堆栈。这可能排除了许多32位架构。 +- vmalloc空间的堆栈需要可靠地工作。例如,如果vmap页表是按需创建的,当堆栈指向 + 具有未填充页表的虚拟地址时,这种机制需要工作,或者架构代码(switch_to()和 + switch_mm(),很可能)需要确保堆栈的页表项在可能未填充的堆栈上运行之前已经填 + 充。 +- 如果堆栈溢出到一个保护页,就应该发生一些合理的事情。“合理”的定义是灵活的,但 + 在没有记录任何东西的情况下立即重启是不友好的。 + +VMAP_STACK +---------- + +VMAP_STACK bool配置选项在启用时分配虚拟映射的任务栈。这个选项依赖于 +HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK。 + +- 如果你想使用带有保护页的虚拟映射的内核堆栈,请启用该选项。这将导致内核栈溢出 + 被立即捕获,而不是难以诊断的损坏。 + +.. note:: + + 使用KASAN的这个功能需要架构支持用真实的影子内存来支持虚拟映射,并且 + 必须启用KASAN_VMALLOC。 + +.. note:: + + 启用VMAP_STACK时,无法在堆栈分配的数据上运行DMA。 + +内核配置选项和依赖性不断变化。请参考最新的代码库: + +`Kconfig <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/arch/Kconfig>` + +分配方法 +-------- + +当一个新的内核线程被创建时,线程堆栈是由页级分配器分配的虚拟连续的内存页组成。这 +些页面被映射到有PAGE_KERNEL保护的连续的内核虚拟空间。 + +alloc_thread_stack_node()调用__vmalloc_node_range()来分配带有PAGE_KERNEL +保护的栈。 + +- 分配的堆栈被缓存起来,以后会被新的线程重用,所以在分配/释放堆栈给任务时,要手动 + 进行memcg核算。因此,__vmalloc_node_range被调用时没有__GFP_ACCOUNT。 +- vm_struct被缓存起来,以便能够找到在中断上下文中启动的空闲线程。 free_thread_stack() + 可以在中断上下文中调用。 +- 在arm64上,所有VMAP的堆栈都需要有相同的对齐方式,以确保VMAP的堆栈溢出检测正常 + 工作。架构特定的vmap堆栈分配器照顾到了这个细节。 +- 这并不涉及中断堆栈--参考原始补丁 + +线程栈分配是由clone()、fork()、vfork()、kernel_thread()通过kernel_clone() +启动的。留点提示在这,以便搜索代码库,了解线程栈何时以及如何分配。 + +大量的代码是在: +`kernel/fork.c <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/kernel/fork.c>`. + +task_struct中的stack_vm_area指针可以跟踪虚拟分配的堆栈,一个非空的stack_vm_area +指针可以表明虚拟映射的内核堆栈已经启用。 + +:: + + struct vm_struct *stack_vm_area; + +堆栈溢出处理 +------------ + +前守护页和后守护页有助于检测堆栈溢出。当堆栈溢出到守护页时,处理程序必须小心不要再 +次溢出堆栈。当处理程序被调用时,很可能只留下很少的堆栈空间。 + +在x86上,这是通过处理表明内核堆栈溢出的双异常堆栈的缺页异常来实现的。 + +用守护页测试VMAP分配 +-------------------- + +我们如何确保VMAP_STACK在分配时确实有前守护页和后守护页的保护?下面的 lkdtm 测试 +可以帮助检测任何回归。 + +:: + + void lkdtm_STACK_GUARD_PAGE_LEADING() + void lkdtm_STACK_GUARD_PAGE_TRAILING() + +结论 +---- + +- vmalloced堆栈的percpu缓存似乎比高阶堆栈分配要快一些,至少在缓存命中时是这样。 +- THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK完全摆脱了arch-specific thread_info,并简单地将 + thread_info(仅包含标志)和'int cpu'嵌入task_struct中。 +- 一旦任务死亡,线程栈就可以被释放(无需等待RCU),然后,如果使用vmapped栈,就 + 可以将整个栈缓存起来,以便在同一cpu上重复使用。 |