powerpc: add documentation for HWCAPs

Take the arm64 HWCAP documentation file and adjust it for powerpc.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org>
[mpe: Fix ARCH_2_05 comment, as noticed by Tulio.]
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220715012636.165948-1-npiggin@gmail.com

1 files changed, 234 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/elf_hwcaps.rst b/Documentation/powerpc/elf_hwcaps.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..96d4fc4a3f91
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+++ b/Documentation/powerpc/elf_hwcaps.rst
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+.. _elf_hwcaps_index:
+
+==================
+POWERPC ELF HWCAPs
+==================
+
+This document describes the usage and semantics of the powerpc ELF HWCAPs.
+
+
+1. Introduction
+---------------
+
+Some hardware or software features are only available on some CPU
+implementations, and/or with certain kernel configurations, but have no other
+discovery mechanism available to userspace code. The kernel exposes the
+presence of these features to userspace through a set of flags called HWCAPs,
+exposed in the auxiliary vector.
+
+Userspace software can test for features by acquiring the AT_HWCAP or
+AT_HWCAP2 entry of the auxiliary vector, and testing whether the relevant
+flags are set, e.g.::
+
+	bool floating_point_is_present(void)
+	{
+		unsigned long HWCAPs = getauxval(AT_HWCAP);
+		if (HWCAPs & PPC_FEATURE_HAS_FPU)
+			return true;
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+Where software relies on a feature described by a HWCAP, it should check the
+relevant HWCAP flag to verify that the feature is present before attempting to
+make use of the feature.
+
+HWCAP is the preferred method to test for the presence of a feature rather
+than probing through other means, which may not be reliable or may cause
+unpredictable behaviour.
+
+Software that targets a particular platform does not necessarily have to
+test for required or implied features. For example if the program requires
+FPU, VMX, VSX, it is not necessary to test those HWCAPs, and it may be
+impossible to do so if the compiler generates code requiring those features.
+
+2. Facilities
+-------------
+
+The Power ISA uses the term "facility" to describe a class of instructions,
+registers, interrupts, etc. The presence or absence of a facility indicates
+whether this class is available to be used, but the specifics depend on the
+ISA version. For example, if the VSX facility is available, the VSX
+instructions that can be used differ between the v3.0B and v3.1B ISA
+versions.
+
+3. Categories
+-------------
+
+The Power ISA before v3.0 uses the term "category" to describe certain
+classes of instructions and operating modes which may be optional or
+mutually exclusive, the exact meaning of the HWCAP flag may depend on
+context, e.g., the presence of the BOOKE feature implies that the server
+category is not implemented.
+
+4. HWCAP allocation
+-------------------
+
+HWCAPs are allocated as described in Power Architecture 64-Bit ELF V2 ABI
+Specification (which will be reflected in the kernel's uapi headers).
+
+5. The HWCAPs exposed in AT_HWCAP
+---------------------------------
+
+PPC_FEATURE_32
+    32-bit CPU
+
+PPC_FEATURE_64
+    64-bit CPU (userspace may be running in 32-bit mode).
+
+PPC_FEATURE_601_INSTR
+    The processor is PowerPC 601.
+    Unused in the kernel since:
+      f0ed73f3fa2c ("powerpc: Remove PowerPC 601")
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_ALTIVEC
+    Vector (aka Altivec, VMX) facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_FPU
+    Floating point facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_MMU
+    Memory management unit is present and enabled.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_4xxMAC
+    The processor is 40x or 44x family.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_UNIFIED_CACHE
+    The processor has a unified L1 cache for instructions and data, as
+    found in NXP e200.
+    Unused in the kernel since:
+      39c8bf2b3cc1 ("powerpc: Retire e200 core (mpc555x processor)")
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_SPE
+    Signal Processing Engine facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_SINGLE
+    Embedded Floating Point single precision operations are available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_DOUBLE
+    Embedded Floating Point double precision operations are available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_NO_TB
+    The timebase facility (mftb instruction) is not available.
+    This is a 601 specific HWCAP, so if it is known that the processor
+    running is not a 601, via other HWCAPs or other means, it is not
+    required to test this bit before using the timebase.
+    Unused in the kernel since:
+      f0ed73f3fa2c ("powerpc: Remove PowerPC 601")
+
+PPC_FEATURE_POWER4
+    The processor is POWER4 or PPC970/FX/MP.
+    POWER4 support dropped from the kernel since:
+      471d7ff8b51b ("powerpc/64s: Remove POWER4 support")
+
+PPC_FEATURE_POWER5
+    The processor is POWER5.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_POWER5_PLUS
+    The processor is POWER5+.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_CELL
+    The processor is Cell.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_BOOKE
+    The processor implements the embedded category ("BookE") architecture.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_SMT
+    The processor implements SMT.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_ICACHE_SNOOP
+    The processor icache is coherent with the dcache, and instruction storage
+    can be made consistent with data storage for the purpose of executing
+    instructions with the sequence (as described in, e.g., POWER9 Processor
+    User's Manual, 4.6.2.2 Instruction Cache Block Invalidate (icbi)):
+        sync
+        icbi (to any address)
+        isync
+
+PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_05
+    The processor supports the v2.05 userlevel architecture. Processors
+    supporting later architectures DO NOT set this feature.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_PA6T
+    The processor is PA6T.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_DFP
+    DFP facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_POWER6_EXT
+    The processor is POWER6.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_06
+    The processor supports the v2.06 userlevel architecture. Processors
+    supporting later architectures also set this feature.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_HAS_VSX
+    VSX facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_PSERIES_PERFMON_COMPAT
+    The processor supports architected PMU events in the range 0xE0-0xFF.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_TRUE_LE
+    The processor supports true little-endian mode.
+
+PPC_FEATURE_PPC_LE
+    The processor supports "PowerPC Little-Endian", that uses address
+    munging to make storage access appear to be little-endian, but the
+    data is stored in a different format that is unsuitable to be
+    accessed by other agents not running in this mode.
+
+6. The HWCAPs exposed in AT_HWCAP2
+----------------------------------
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_2_07
+    The processor supports the v2.07 userlevel architecture. Processors
+    supporting later architectures also set this feature.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_HTM
+    Transactional Memory feature is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_DSCR
+    DSCR facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_EBB
+    EBB facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_ISEL
+    isel instruction is available. This is superseded by ARCH_2_07 and
+    later.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_TAR
+    TAR facility is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_VEC_CRYPTO
+    v2.07 crypto instructions are available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NOSC
+    System calls fail if called in a transactional state, see
+    Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_3_00
+    The processor supports the v3.0B / v3.0C userlevel architecture. Processors
+    supporting later architectures also set this feature.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_HAS_IEEE128
+    IEEE 128-bit binary floating point is supported with VSX
+    quad-precision instructions and data types.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_DARN
+    darn instruction is available.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_SCV
+    The scv 0 instruction may be used for system calls, see
+    Documentation/powerpc/syscall64-abi.rst.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND
+    A limited Transactional Memory facility that does not support suspend is
+    available, see Documentation/powerpc/transactional_memory.rst.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_3_1
+    The processor supports the v3.1 userlevel architecture. Processors
+    supporting later architectures also set this feature.
+
+PPC_FEATURE2_MMA
+    MMA facility is available.