Merge tag 'kbuild-v6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

 - Change V=1 option to print both short log and full command log

 - Allow V=1 and V=2 to be combined as V=12

 - Make W=1 detect wrong .gitignore files

 - Tree-wide cleanups for unused command line arguments passed to Clang

 - Stop using -Qunused-arguments with Clang

 - Make scripts/setlocalversion handle only correct release tags instead
   of any arbitrary annotated tag

 - Create Debian and RPM source packages without cleaning the source
   tree

 - Various cleanups for packaging

* tag 'kbuild-v6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (74 commits)
  kbuild: rpm-pkg: remove unneeded KERNELRELEASE from modules/headers_install
  docs: kbuild: remove description of KBUILD_LDS_MODULE
  .gitattributes: use 'dts' diff driver for *.dtso files
  kbuild: deb-pkg: improve the usability of source package
  kbuild: deb-pkg: fix binary-arch and clean in debian/rules
  kbuild: tar-pkg: use tar rules in scripts/Makefile.package
  kbuild: make perf-tar*-src-pkg work without relying on git
  kbuild: deb-pkg: switch over to source format 3.0 (quilt)
  kbuild: deb-pkg: make .orig tarball a hard link if possible
  kbuild: deb-pkg: hide KDEB_SOURCENAME from Makefile
  kbuild: srcrpm-pkg: create source package without cleaning
  kbuild: rpm-pkg: build binary packages from source rpm
  kbuild: deb-pkg: create source package without cleaning
  kbuild: add a tool to list files ignored by git
  Documentation/llvm: add Chimera Linux, Google and Meta datacenters
  setlocalversion: use only the correct release tag for git-describe
  setlocalversion: clean up the construction of version output
  .gitignore: ignore *.cover and *.mbx
  kbuild: remove --include-dir MAKEFLAG from top Makefile
  kbuild: fix trivial typo in comment
  ...

79 files changed, 2873 insertions, 1777 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 4b32eaa9571e..c9ba5bfc4036 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-*.c   diff=cpp
-*.h   diff=cpp
-*.dtsi diff=dts
-*.dts  diff=dts
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+*.[ch] diff=cpp
+*.dts diff=dts
+*.dts[io] diff=dts
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 20dce5c3b9e0..8fe465f251c0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # subdirectories here. Add them in the ".gitignore" file
 # in that subdirectory instead.
 #
-# NOTE! Please use 'git ls-files -i --exclude-standard'
+# NOTE! Please use 'git ls-files -i -c --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore'
 # command after changing this file, to see if there are
 # any tracked files which get ignored after the change.
 #
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 *.bin
 *.bz2
 *.c.[012]*.*
+*.cover
 *.dt.yaml
 *.dtb
 *.dtbo
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 *.lz4
 *.lzma
 *.lzo
+*.mbx
 *.mod
 *.mod.c
 *.o
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index bb73dcb5ed05..023fa658a0a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ BUILDDIR      = $(obj)/output
 PDFLATEX      = xelatex
 LATEXOPTS     = -interaction=batchmode -no-shell-escape
 
-ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),0)
+ifeq ($(findstring 1, $(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),)
 SPHINXOPTS    += "-q"
 endif
 
diff --git a/Documentation/dontdiff b/Documentation/dontdiff
index 352ff53a2306..3c399f132e2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/dontdiff
+++ b/Documentation/dontdiff
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ asm_offsets.h
 autoconf.h*
 av_permissions.h
 bbootsect
-bin2c
 binkernel.spec
 bootsect
 bounds.h
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/llvm.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/llvm.rst
index 6b2bac8e9ce0..bfb51685073c 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/llvm.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/llvm.rst
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ such as GCC and binutils. Ongoing work has allowed for `Clang
 <https://clang.llvm.org/>`_ and `LLVM <https://llvm.org/>`_ utilities to be
 used as viable substitutes. Distributions such as `Android
 <https://www.android.com/>`_, `ChromeOS
-<https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os>`_, and `OpenMandriva
-<https://www.openmandriva.org/>`_ use Clang built kernels.  `LLVM is a
-collection of toolchain components implemented in terms of C++ objects
-<https://www.aosabook.org/en/llvm.html>`_. Clang is a front-end to LLVM that
-supports C and the GNU C extensions required by the kernel, and is pronounced
-"klang," not "see-lang."
+<https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os>`_, `OpenMandriva
+<https://www.openmandriva.org/>`_, and `Chimera Linux
+<https://chimera-linux.org/>`_ use Clang built kernels. Google's and Meta's
+datacenter fleets also run kernels built with Clang.
+
+`LLVM is a collection of toolchain components implemented in terms of C++
+objects <https://www.aosabook.org/en/llvm.html>`_. Clang is a front-end to LLVM
+that supports C and the GNU C extensions required by the kernel, and is
+pronounced "klang," not "see-lang."
 
 Clang
 -----
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
index 38bc74eaa547..e67eb261c9b0 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
@@ -4,69 +4,8 @@ Linux Kernel Makefiles
 
 This document describes the Linux kernel Makefiles.
 
-.. Table of Contents
-
-	=== 1 Overview
-	=== 2 Who does what
-	=== 3 The kbuild files
-	   --- 3.1 Goal definitions
-	   --- 3.2 Built-in object goals - obj-y
-	   --- 3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m
-	   --- 3.4 <deleted>
-	   --- 3.5 Library file goals - lib-y
-	   --- 3.6 Descending down in directories
-	   --- 3.7 Non-builtin vmlinux targets - extra-y
-	   --- 3.8 Always built goals - always-y
-	   --- 3.9 Compilation flags
-	   --- 3.10 Dependency tracking
-	   --- 3.11 Custom Rules
-	   --- 3.12 Command change detection
-	   --- 3.13 $(CC) support functions
-	   --- 3.14 $(LD) support functions
-	   --- 3.15 Script Invocation
-
-	=== 4 Host Program support
-	   --- 4.1 Simple Host Program
-	   --- 4.2 Composite Host Programs
-	   --- 4.3 Using C++ for host programs
-	   --- 4.4 Using Rust for host programs
-	   --- 4.5 Controlling compiler options for host programs
-	   --- 4.6 When host programs are actually built
-
-	=== 5 Userspace Program support
-	   --- 5.1 Simple Userspace Program
-	   --- 5.2 Composite Userspace Programs
-	   --- 5.3 Controlling compiler options for userspace programs
-	   --- 5.4 When userspace programs are actually built
-
-	=== 6 Kbuild clean infrastructure
-
-	=== 7 Architecture Makefiles
-	   --- 7.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
-	   --- 7.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders
-	   --- 7.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare
-	   --- 7.4 List directories to visit when descending
-	   --- 7.5 Architecture-specific boot images
-	   --- 7.6 Building non-kbuild targets
-	   --- 7.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
-	   --- 7.8 <deleted>
-	   --- 7.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
-	   --- 7.10 Generic header files
-	   --- 7.11 Post-link pass
-
-	=== 8 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
-		--- 8.1 no-export-headers
-		--- 8.2 generic-y
-		--- 8.3 generated-y
-		--- 8.4 mandatory-y
-
-	=== 9 Kbuild Variables
-	=== 10 Makefile language
-	=== 11 Credits
-	=== 12 TODO
-
-1 Overview
-==========
+Overview
+========
 
 The Makefiles have five parts::
 
@@ -83,6 +22,7 @@ The top Makefile is responsible for building two major products: vmlinux
 (the resident kernel image) and modules (any module files).
 It builds these goals by recursively descending into the subdirectories of
 the kernel source tree.
+
 The list of subdirectories which are visited depends upon the kernel
 configuration. The top Makefile textually includes an arch Makefile
 with the name arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile. The arch Makefile supplies
@@ -96,14 +36,13 @@ any built-in or modular targets.
 scripts/Makefile.* contains all the definitions/rules etc. that
 are used to build the kernel based on the kbuild makefiles.
 
-
-2 Who does what
-===============
+Who does what
+=============
 
 People have four different relationships with the kernel Makefiles.
 
 *Users* are people who build kernels.  These people type commands such as
-"make menuconfig" or "make".  They usually do not read or edit
+``make menuconfig`` or ``make``.  They usually do not read or edit
 any kernel Makefiles (or any other source files).
 
 *Normal developers* are people who work on features such as device
@@ -123,1402 +62,1429 @@ These people need to know about all aspects of the kernel Makefiles.
 This document is aimed towards normal developers and arch developers.
 
 
-3 The kbuild files
-==================
+The kbuild files
+================
 
 Most Makefiles within the kernel are kbuild Makefiles that use the
 kbuild infrastructure. This chapter introduces the syntax used in the
 kbuild makefiles.
-The preferred name for the kbuild files are 'Makefile' but 'Kbuild' can
-be used and if both a 'Makefile' and a 'Kbuild' file exists, then the 'Kbuild'
+
+The preferred name for the kbuild files are ``Makefile`` but ``Kbuild`` can
+be used and if both a ``Makefile`` and a ``Kbuild`` file exists, then the ``Kbuild``
 file will be used.
 
-Section 3.1 "Goal definitions" is a quick intro; further chapters provide
+Section `Goal definitions`_ is a quick intro; further chapters provide
 more details, with real examples.
 
-3.1 Goal definitions
---------------------
+Goal definitions
+----------------
 
-	Goal definitions are the main part (heart) of the kbuild Makefile.
-	These lines define the files to be built, any special compilation
-	options, and any subdirectories to be entered recursively.
+Goal definitions are the main part (heart) of the kbuild Makefile.
+These lines define the files to be built, any special compilation
+options, and any subdirectories to be entered recursively.
 
-	The most simple kbuild makefile contains one line:
+The most simple kbuild makefile contains one line:
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		obj-y += foo.o
+  obj-y += foo.o
 
-	This tells kbuild that there is one object in that directory, named
-	foo.o. foo.o will be built from foo.c or foo.S.
+This tells kbuild that there is one object in that directory, named
+foo.o. foo.o will be built from foo.c or foo.S.
 
-	If foo.o shall be built as a module, the variable obj-m is used.
-	Therefore the following pattern is often used:
+If foo.o shall be built as a module, the variable obj-m is used.
+Therefore the following pattern is often used:
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		obj-$(CONFIG_FOO) += foo.o
+  obj-$(CONFIG_FOO) += foo.o
 
-	$(CONFIG_FOO) evaluates to either y (for built-in) or m (for module).
-	If CONFIG_FOO is neither y nor m, then the file will not be compiled
-	nor linked.
+$(CONFIG_FOO) evaluates to either y (for built-in) or m (for module).
+If CONFIG_FOO is neither y nor m, then the file will not be compiled
+nor linked.
 
-3.2 Built-in object goals - obj-y
----------------------------------
+Built-in object goals - obj-y
+-----------------------------
 
-	The kbuild Makefile specifies object files for vmlinux
-	in the $(obj-y) lists.  These lists depend on the kernel
-	configuration.
+The kbuild Makefile specifies object files for vmlinux
+in the $(obj-y) lists.  These lists depend on the kernel
+configuration.
 
-	Kbuild compiles all the $(obj-y) files.  It then calls
-	"$(AR) rcSTP" to merge these files into one built-in.a file.
-	This is a thin archive without a symbol table. It will be later
-	linked into vmlinux by scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
+Kbuild compiles all the $(obj-y) files.  It then calls
+``$(AR) rcSTP`` to merge these files into one built-in.a file.
+This is a thin archive without a symbol table. It will be later
+linked into vmlinux by scripts/link-vmlinux.sh
 
-	The order of files in $(obj-y) is significant.  Duplicates in
-	the lists are allowed: the first instance will be linked into
-	built-in.a and succeeding instances will be ignored.
+The order of files in $(obj-y) is significant.  Duplicates in
+the lists are allowed: the first instance will be linked into
+built-in.a and succeeding instances will be ignored.
 
-	Link order is significant, because certain functions
-	(module_init() / __initcall) will be called during boot in the
-	order they appear. So keep in mind that changing the link
-	order may e.g. change the order in which your SCSI
-	controllers are detected, and thus your disks are renumbered.
+Link order is significant, because certain functions
+(module_init() / __initcall) will be called during boot in the
+order they appear. So keep in mind that changing the link
+order may e.g. change the order in which your SCSI
+controllers are detected, and thus your disks are renumbered.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
-		# Makefile for the kernel ISDN subsystem and device drivers.
-		# Each configuration option enables a list of files.
-		obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L)         += isdn.o
-		obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
+  #drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
+  # Makefile for the kernel ISDN subsystem and device drivers.
+  # Each configuration option enables a list of files.
+  obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L)         += isdn.o
+  obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
 
-3.3 Loadable module goals - obj-m
----------------------------------
+Loadable module goals - obj-m
+-----------------------------
 
-	$(obj-m) specifies object files which are built as loadable
-	kernel modules.
+$(obj-m) specifies object files which are built as loadable
+kernel modules.
 
-	A module may be built from one source file or several source
-	files. In the case of one source file, the kbuild makefile
-	simply adds the file to $(obj-m).
+A module may be built from one source file or several source
+files. In the case of one source file, the kbuild makefile
+simply adds the file to $(obj-m).
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
-		obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
+  #drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
+  obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) += isdn_bsdcomp.o
 
-	Note: In this example $(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) evaluates to 'm'
+Note: In this example $(CONFIG_ISDN_PPP_BSDCOMP) evaluates to "m"
 
-	If a kernel module is built from several source files, you specify
-	that you want to build a module in the same way as above; however,
-	kbuild needs to know which object files you want to build your
-	module from, so you have to tell it by setting a $(<module_name>-y)
-	variable.
+If a kernel module is built from several source files, you specify
+that you want to build a module in the same way as above; however,
+kbuild needs to know which object files you want to build your
+module from, so you have to tell it by setting a $(<module_name>-y)
+variable.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
-		obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o
-		isdn-y := isdn_net_lib.o isdn_v110.o isdn_common.o
+  #drivers/isdn/i4l/Makefile
+  obj-$(CONFIG_ISDN_I4L) += isdn.o
+  isdn-y := isdn_net_lib.o isdn_v110.o isdn_common.o
 
-	In this example, the module name will be isdn.o. Kbuild will
-	compile the objects listed in $(isdn-y) and then run
-	"$(LD) -r" on the list of these files to generate isdn.o.
+In this example, the module name will be isdn.o. Kbuild will
+compile the objects listed in $(isdn-y) and then run
+``$(LD) -r`` on the list of these files to generate isdn.o.
 
-	Due to kbuild recognizing $(<module_name>-y) for composite objects,
-	you can use the value of a `CONFIG_` symbol to optionally include an
-	object file as part of a composite object.
+Due to kbuild recognizing $(<module_name>-y) for composite objects,
+you can use the value of a ``CONFIG_`` symbol to optionally include an
+object file as part of a composite object.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#fs/ext2/Makefile
-	        obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o
-		ext2-y := balloc.o dir.o file.o ialloc.o inode.o ioctl.o \
-			  namei.o super.o symlink.o
-	        ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o xattr_user.o \
-						xattr_trusted.o
+  #fs/ext2/Makefile
+  obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o
+  ext2-y := balloc.o dir.o file.o ialloc.o inode.o ioctl.o \
+    namei.o super.o symlink.o
+  ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o xattr_user.o \
+    xattr_trusted.o
 
-	In this example, xattr.o, xattr_user.o and xattr_trusted.o are only
-	part of the composite object ext2.o if $(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR)
-	evaluates to 'y'.
+In this example, xattr.o, xattr_user.o and xattr_trusted.o are only
+part of the composite object ext2.o if $(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR)
+evaluates to "y".
 
-	Note: Of course, when you are building objects into the kernel,
-	the syntax above will also work. So, if you have CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y,
-	kbuild will build an ext2.o file for you out of the individual
-	parts and then link this into built-in.a, as you would expect.
+Note: Of course, when you are building objects into the kernel,
+the syntax above will also work. So, if you have CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y,
+kbuild will build an ext2.o file for you out of the individual
+parts and then link this into built-in.a, as you would expect.
 
-3.5 Library file goals - lib-y
-------------------------------
+Library file goals - lib-y
+--------------------------
 
-	Objects listed with obj-* are used for modules, or
-	combined in a built-in.a for that specific directory.
-	There is also the possibility to list objects that will
-	be included in a library, lib.a.
-	All objects listed with lib-y are combined in a single
-	library for that directory.
-	Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionally listed in
-	lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will
-	be accessible anyway.
-	For consistency, objects listed in lib-m will be included in lib.a.
+Objects listed with obj-* are used for modules, or
+combined in a built-in.a for that specific directory.
+There is also the possibility to list objects that will
+be included in a library, lib.a.
+All objects listed with lib-y are combined in a single
+library for that directory.
+Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionally listed in
+lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will
+be accessible anyway.
+For consistency, objects listed in lib-m will be included in lib.a.
 
-	Note that the same kbuild makefile may list files to be built-in
-	and to be part of a library. Therefore the same directory
-	may contain both a built-in.a and a lib.a file.
+Note that the same kbuild makefile may list files to be built-in
+and to be part of a library. Therefore the same directory
+may contain both a built-in.a and a lib.a file.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/lib/Makefile
-		lib-y    := delay.o
+  #arch/x86/lib/Makefile
+  lib-y    := delay.o
 
-	This will create a library lib.a based on delay.o. For kbuild to
-	actually recognize that there is a lib.a being built, the directory
-	shall be listed in libs-y.
+This will create a library lib.a based on delay.o. For kbuild to
+actually recognize that there is a lib.a being built, the directory
+shall be listed in libs-y.
 
-	See also "7.4 List directories to visit when descending".
+See also `List directories to visit when descending`_.
 
-	Use of lib-y is normally restricted to `lib/` and `arch/*/lib`.
+Use of lib-y is normally restricted to ``lib/`` and ``arch/*/lib``.
 
-3.6 Descending down in directories
-----------------------------------
+Descending down in directories
+------------------------------
 
-	A Makefile is only responsible for building objects in its own
-	directory. Files in subdirectories should be taken care of by
-	Makefiles in these subdirs. The build system will automatically
-	invoke make recursively in subdirectories, provided you let it know of
-	them.
+A Makefile is only responsible for building objects in its own
+directory. Files in subdirectories should be taken care of by
+Makefiles in these subdirs. The build system will automatically
+invoke make recursively in subdirectories, provided you let it know of
+them.
 
-	To do so, obj-y and obj-m are used.
-	ext2 lives in a separate directory, and the Makefile present in fs/
-	tells kbuild to descend down using the following assignment.
+To do so, obj-y and obj-m are used.
+ext2 lives in a separate directory, and the Makefile present in fs/
+tells kbuild to descend down using the following assignment.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#fs/Makefile
-		obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2/
+  #fs/Makefile
+  obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2/
 
-	If CONFIG_EXT2_FS is set to either 'y' (built-in) or 'm' (modular)
-	the corresponding obj- variable will be set, and kbuild will descend
-	down in the ext2 directory.
+If CONFIG_EXT2_FS is set to either "y" (built-in) or "m" (modular)
+the corresponding obj- variable will be set, and kbuild will descend
+down in the ext2 directory.
 
-	Kbuild uses this information not only to decide that it needs to visit
-	the directory, but also to decide whether or not to link objects from
-	the directory into vmlinux.
+Kbuild uses this information not only to decide that it needs to visit
+the directory, but also to decide whether or not to link objects from
+the directory into vmlinux.
 
-	When Kbuild descends into the directory with 'y', all built-in objects
-	from that directory are combined into the built-in.a, which will be
-	eventually linked into vmlinux.
+When Kbuild descends into the directory with "y", all built-in objects
+from that directory are combined into the built-in.a, which will be
+eventually linked into vmlinux.
 
-	When Kbuild descends into the directory with 'm', in contrast, nothing
-	from that directory will be linked into vmlinux. If the Makefile in
-	that directory specifies obj-y, those objects will be left orphan.
-	It is very likely a bug of the Makefile or of dependencies in Kconfig.
+When Kbuild descends into the directory with "m", in contrast, nothing
+from that directory will be linked into vmlinux. If the Makefile in
+that directory specifies obj-y, those objects will be left orphan.
+It is very likely a bug of the Makefile or of dependencies in Kconfig.
 
-	Kbuild also supports dedicated syntax, subdir-y and subdir-m, for
-	descending into subdirectories. It is a good fit when you know they
-	do not contain kernel-space objects at all. A typical usage is to let
-	Kbuild descend into subdirectories to build tools.
+Kbuild also supports dedicated syntax, subdir-y and subdir-m, for
+descending into subdirectories. It is a good fit when you know they
+do not contain kernel-space objects at all. A typical usage is to let
+Kbuild descend into subdirectories to build tools.
 
-	Examples::
+Examples::
 
-		# scripts/Makefile
-		subdir-$(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS) += gcc-plugins
-		subdir-$(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) += genksyms
-		subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX) += selinux
+  # scripts/Makefile
+  subdir-$(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS) += gcc-plugins
+  subdir-$(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) += genksyms
+  subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX) += selinux
 
-	Unlike obj-y/m, subdir-y/m does not need the trailing slash since this
-	syntax is always used for directories.
+Unlike obj-y/m, subdir-y/m does not need the trailing slash since this
+syntax is always used for directories.
 
-	It is good practice to use a `CONFIG_` variable when assigning directory
-	names. This allows kbuild to totally skip the directory if the
-	corresponding `CONFIG_` option is neither 'y' nor 'm'.
+It is good practice to use a ``CONFIG_`` variable when assigning directory
+names. This allows kbuild to totally skip the directory if the
+corresponding ``CONFIG_`` option is neither "y" nor "m".
 
-3.7 Non-builtin vmlinux targets - extra-y
------------------------------------------
+Non-builtin vmlinux targets - extra-y
+-------------------------------------
 
-	extra-y specifies targets which are needed for building vmlinux,
-	but not combined into built-in.a.
+extra-y specifies targets which are needed for building vmlinux,
+but not combined into built-in.a.
 
-	Examples are:
+Examples are:
 
-	1) vmlinux linker script
+1) vmlinux linker script
 
-	    The linker script for vmlinux is located at
-	    arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
+   The linker script for vmlinux is located at
+   arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		# arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
-		extra-y	+= vmlinux.lds
+  # arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+  extra-y	+= vmlinux.lds
 
-	$(extra-y) should only contain targets needed for vmlinux.
+$(extra-y) should only contain targets needed for vmlinux.
 
-	Kbuild skips extra-y when vmlinux is apparently not a final goal.
-	(e.g. 'make modules', or building external modules)
+Kbuild skips extra-y when vmlinux is apparently not a final goal.
+(e.g. ``make modules``, or building external modules)
 
-	If you intend to build targets unconditionally, always-y (explained
-	in the next section) is the correct syntax to use.
+If you intend to build targets unconditionally, always-y (explained
+in the next section) is the correct syntax to use.
 
-3.8 Always built goals - always-y
----------------------------------
+Always built goals - always-y
+-----------------------------
 
-	always-y specifies targets which are literally always built when
-	Kbuild visits the Makefile.
+always-y specifies targets which are literally always built when
+Kbuild visits the Makefile.
 
-	Example::
-	  # ./Kbuild
-	  offsets-file := include/generated/asm-offsets.h
-	  always-y += $(offsets-file)
+Example::
 
-3.9 Compilation flags
----------------------
+  # ./Kbuild
+  offsets-file := include/generated/asm-offsets.h
+  always-y += $(offsets-file)
 
-    ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y
-	These three flags apply only to the kbuild makefile in which they
-	are assigned. They are used for all the normal cc, as and ld
-	invocations happening during a recursive build.
-	Note: Flags with the same behaviour were previously named:
-	EXTRA_CFLAGS, EXTRA_AFLAGS and EXTRA_LDFLAGS.
-	They are still supported but their usage is deprecated.
+Compilation flags
+-----------------
 
-	ccflags-y specifies options for compiling with $(CC).
+ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y
+  These three flags apply only to the kbuild makefile in which they
+  are assigned. They are used for all the normal cc, as and ld
+  invocations happening during a recursive build.
+  Note: Flags with the same behaviour were previously named:
+  EXTRA_CFLAGS, EXTRA_AFLAGS and EXTRA_LDFLAGS.
+  They are still supported but their usage is deprecated.
 
-	Example::
+  ccflags-y specifies options for compiling with $(CC).
 
-		# drivers/acpi/acpica/Makefile
-		ccflags-y			:= -Os -D_LINUX -DBUILDING_ACPICA
-		ccflags-$(CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG)	+= -DACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT
+  Example::
 
-	This variable is necessary because the top Makefile owns the
-	variable $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) and uses it for compilation flags for the
-	entire tree.
+    # drivers/acpi/acpica/Makefile
+    ccflags-y				:= -Os -D_LINUX -DBUILDING_ACPICA
+    ccflags-$(CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG)	+= -DACPI_DEBUG_OUTPUT
 
-	asflags-y specifies assembler options.
+  This variable is necessary because the top Makefile owns the
+  variable $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) and uses it for compilation flags for the
+  entire tree.
 
-	Example::
+  asflags-y specifies assembler options.
 
-		#arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
-		asflags-y := -ansi
+  Example::
 
-	ldflags-y specifies options for linking with $(LD).
+    #arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
+    asflags-y := -ansi
 
-	Example::
+  ldflags-y specifies options for linking with $(LD).
 
-		#arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile
-		ldflags-y += -T $(srctree)/$(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds
+  Example::
 
-    subdir-ccflags-y, subdir-asflags-y
-	The two flags listed above are similar to ccflags-y and asflags-y.
-	The difference is that the subdir- variants have effect for the kbuild
-	file where they are present and all subdirectories.
-	Options specified using subdir-* are added to the commandline before
-	the options specified using the non-subdir variants.
+    #arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile
+    ldflags-y += -T $(srctree)/$(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds
 
-	Example::
+subdir-ccflags-y, subdir-asflags-y
+  The two flags listed above are similar to ccflags-y and asflags-y.
+  The difference is that the subdir- variants have effect for the kbuild
+  file where they are present and all subdirectories.
+  Options specified using subdir-* are added to the commandline before
+  the options specified using the non-subdir variants.
 
-		subdir-ccflags-y := -Werror
+  Example::
 
-    ccflags-remove-y, asflags-remove-y
-	These flags are used to remove particular flags for the compiler,
-	assembler invocations.
+    subdir-ccflags-y := -Werror
 
-	Example::
+ccflags-remove-y, asflags-remove-y
+  These flags are used to remove particular flags for the compiler,
+  assembler invocations.
 
-		ccflags-remove-$(CONFIG_MCOUNT) += -pg
+  Example::
 
-    CFLAGS_$@, AFLAGS_$@
-	CFLAGS_$@ and AFLAGS_$@ only apply to commands in current
-	kbuild makefile.
+    ccflags-remove-$(CONFIG_MCOUNT) += -pg
 
-	$(CFLAGS_$@) specifies per-file options for $(CC).  The $@
-	part has a literal value which specifies the file that it is for.
+CFLAGS_$@, AFLAGS_$@
+  CFLAGS_$@ and AFLAGS_$@ only apply to commands in current
+  kbuild makefile.
 
-	CFLAGS_$@ has the higher priority than ccflags-remove-y; CFLAGS_$@
-	can re-add compiler flags that were removed by ccflags-remove-y.
+  $(CFLAGS_$@) specifies per-file options for $(CC).  The $@
+  part has a literal value which specifies the file that it is for.
 
-	Example::
+  CFLAGS_$@ has the higher priority than ccflags-remove-y; CFLAGS_$@
+  can re-add compiler flags that were removed by ccflags-remove-y.
 
-		# drivers/scsi/Makefile
-		CFLAGS_aha152x.o =   -DAHA152X_STAT -DAUTOCONF
+  Example::
 
-	This line specify compilation flags for aha152x.o.
+    # drivers/scsi/Makefile
+    CFLAGS_aha152x.o =   -DAHA152X_STAT -DAUTOCONF
 
-	$(AFLAGS_$@) is a similar feature for source files in assembly
-	languages.
+  This line specify compilation flags for aha152x.o.
 
-	AFLAGS_$@ has the higher priority than asflags-remove-y; AFLAGS_$@
-	can re-add assembler flags that were removed by asflags-remove-y.
+  $(AFLAGS_$@) is a similar feature for source files in assembly
+  languages.
 
-	Example::
+  AFLAGS_$@ has the higher priority than asflags-remove-y; AFLAGS_$@
+  can re-add assembler flags that were removed by asflags-remove-y.
 
-		# arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
-		AFLAGS_head.o        := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)
-		AFLAGS_crunch-bits.o := -Wa,-mcpu=ep9312
-		AFLAGS_iwmmxt.o      := -Wa,-mcpu=iwmmxt
+  Example::
 
+    # arch/arm/kernel/Makefile
+    AFLAGS_head.o        := -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)
+    AFLAGS_crunch-bits.o := -Wa,-mcpu=ep9312
+    AFLAGS_iwmmxt.o      := -Wa,-mcpu=iwmmxt
 
-3.10 Dependency tracking
-------------------------
+Dependency tracking
+-------------------
 
-	Kbuild tracks dependencies on the following:
+Kbuild tracks dependencies on the following:
 
-	1) All prerequisite files (both `*.c` and `*.h`)
-	2) `CONFIG_` options used in all prerequisite files
-	3) Command-line used to compile target
+1) All prerequisite files (both ``*.c`` and ``*.h``)
+2) ``CONFIG_`` options used in all prerequisite files
+3) Command-line used to compile target
 
-	Thus, if you change an option to $(CC) all affected files will
-	be re-compiled.
+Thus, if you change an option to $(CC) all affected files will
+be re-compiled.
 
-3.11 Custom Rules
------------------
+Custom Rules
+------------
 
-	Custom rules are used when the kbuild infrastructure does
-	not provide the required support. A typical example is
-	header files generated during the build process.
-	Another example are the architecture-specific Makefiles which
-	need custom rules to prepare boot images etc.
+Custom rules are used when the kbuild infrastructure does
+not provide the required support. A typical example is
+header files generated during the build process.
+Another example are the architecture-specific Makefiles which
+need custom rules to prepare boot images etc.
 
-	Custom rules are written as normal Make rules.
-	Kbuild is not executing in the directory where the Makefile is
-	located, so all custom rules shall use a relative
-	path to prerequisite files and target files.
+Custom rules are written as normal Make rules.
+Kbuild is not executing in the directory where the Makefile is
+located, so all custom rules shall use a relative
+path to prerequisite files and target files.
 
-	Two variables are used when defining custom rules:
+Two variables are used when defining custom rules:
 
-	$(src)
-	    $(src) is a relative path which points to the directory
-	    where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
-	    referring to files located in the src tree.
+$(src)
+  $(src) is a relative path which points to the directory
+  where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
+  referring to files located in the src tree.
 
-	$(obj)
-	    $(obj) is a relative path which points to the directory
-	    where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
-	    referring to generated files.
+$(obj)
+  $(obj) is a relative path which points to the directory
+  where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
+  referring to generated files.
 
-	    Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#drivers/scsi/Makefile
-		$(obj)/53c8xx_d.h: $(src)/53c7,8xx.scr $(src)/script_asm.pl
-			$(CPP) -DCHIP=810 - < $< | ... $(src)/script_asm.pl
+    #drivers/scsi/Makefile
+    $(obj)/53c8xx_d.h: $(src)/53c7,8xx.scr $(src)/script_asm.pl
+    $(CPP) -DCHIP=810 - < $< | ... $(src)/script_asm.pl
 
-	    This is a custom rule, following the normal syntax
-	    required by make.
+  This is a custom rule, following the normal syntax
+  required by make.
 
-	    The target file depends on two prerequisite files. References
-	    to the target file are prefixed with $(obj), references
-	    to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
-	    generated files).
+  The target file depends on two prerequisite files. References
+  to the target file are prefixed with $(obj), references
+  to prerequisites are referenced with $(src) (because they are not
+  generated files).
 
-	$(kecho)
-	    echoing information to user in a rule is often a good practice
-	    but when execution "make -s" one does not expect to see any output
-	    except for warnings/errors.
-	    To support this kbuild defines $(kecho) which will echo out the
-	    text following $(kecho) to stdout except if "make -s" is used.
+$(kecho)
+  echoing information to user in a rule is often a good practice
+  but when execution ``make -s`` one does not expect to see any output
+  except for warnings/errors.
+  To support this kbuild defines $(kecho) which will echo out the
+  text following $(kecho) to stdout except if ``make -s`` is used.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		# arch/arm/Makefile
-		$(BOOT_TARGETS): vmlinux
-			$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) MACHINE=$(MACHINE) $(boot)/$@
-			@$(kecho) '  Kernel: $(boot)/$@ is ready'
+    # arch/arm/Makefile
+    $(BOOT_TARGETS): vmlinux
+            $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) MACHINE=$(MACHINE) $(boot)/$@
+            @$(kecho) '  Kernel: $(boot)/$@ is ready'
 
-	When kbuild is executing with KBUILD_VERBOSE=0, then only a shorthand
-	of a command is normally displayed.
-	To enable this behaviour for custom commands kbuild requires
-	two variables to be set::
+  When kbuild is executing with KBUILD_VERBOSE unset, then only a shorthand
+  of a command is normally displayed.
+  To enable this behaviour for custom commands kbuild requires
+  two variables to be set::
 
-		quiet_cmd_<command>	- what shall be echoed
-		      cmd_<command>	- the command to execute
+    quiet_cmd_<command> - what shall be echoed
+          cmd_<command> - the command to execute
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		# lib/Makefile
-		quiet_cmd_crc32 = GEN     $@
-		      cmd_crc32 = $< > $@
+    # lib/Makefile
+    quiet_cmd_crc32 = GEN     $@
+          cmd_crc32 = $< > $@
 
-		$(obj)/crc32table.h: $(obj)/gen_crc32table
-			$(call cmd,crc32)
+    $(obj)/crc32table.h: $(obj)/gen_crc32table
+            $(call cmd,crc32)
 
-	When updating the $(obj)/crc32table.h target, the line:
+  When updating the $(obj)/crc32table.h target, the line::
 
-		  GEN     lib/crc32table.h
+    GEN     lib/crc32table.h
 
-	will be displayed with "make KBUILD_VERBOSE=0".
+  will be displayed with ``make KBUILD_VERBOSE=``.
 
-3.12 Command change detection
------------------------------
+Command change detection
+------------------------
 
-	When the rule is evaluated, timestamps are compared between the target
-	and its prerequisite files. GNU Make updates the target when any of the
-	prerequisites is newer than that.
+When the rule is evaluated, timestamps are compared between the target
+and its prerequisite files. GNU Make updates the target when any of the
+prerequisites is newer than that.
 
-	The target should be rebuilt also when the command line has changed
-	since the last invocation. This is not supported by Make itself, so
-	Kbuild achieves this by a kind of meta-programming.
+The target should be rebuilt also when the command line has changed
+since the last invocation. This is not supported by Make itself, so
+Kbuild achieves this by a kind of meta-programming.
 
-	if_changed is the macro used for this purpose, in the following form::
+if_changed is the macro used for this purpose, in the following form::
 
-		quiet_cmd_<command> = ...
-		      cmd_<command> = ...
+  quiet_cmd_<command> = ...
+        cmd_<command> = ...
 
-		<target>: <source(s)> FORCE
-			$(call if_changed,<command>)
+  <target>: <source(s)> FORCE
+          $(call if_changed,<command>)
 
-	Any target that utilizes if_changed must be listed in $(targets),
-	otherwise the command line check will fail, and the target will
-	always be built.
+Any target that utilizes if_changed must be listed in $(targets),
+otherwise the command line check will fail, and the target will
+always be built.
 
-	If the target is already listed in the recognized syntax such as
-	obj-y/m, lib-y/m, extra-y/m, always-y/m, hostprogs, userprogs, Kbuild
-	automatically adds it to $(targets). Otherwise, the target must be
-	explicitly added to $(targets).
+If the target is already listed in the recognized syntax such as
+obj-y/m, lib-y/m, extra-y/m, always-y/m, hostprogs, userprogs, Kbuild
+automatically adds it to $(targets). Otherwise, the target must be
+explicitly added to $(targets).
 
-	Assignments to $(targets) are without $(obj)/ prefix. if_changed may be
-	used in conjunction with custom rules as defined in "3.11 Custom Rules".
+Assignments to $(targets) are without $(obj)/ prefix. if_changed may be
+used in conjunction with custom rules as defined in `Custom Rules`_.
 
-	Note: It is a typical mistake to forget the FORCE prerequisite.
-	Another common pitfall is that whitespace is sometimes significant; for
-	instance, the below will fail (note the extra space after the comma)::
+Note: It is a typical mistake to forget the FORCE prerequisite.
+Another common pitfall is that whitespace is sometimes significant; for
+instance, the below will fail (note the extra space after the comma)::
 
-		target: source(s) FORCE
+  target: source(s) FORCE
 
-	**WRONG!**	$(call if_changed, objcopy)
+**WRONG!**	$(call if_changed, objcopy)
 
-	Note:
-		if_changed should not be used more than once per target.
-		It stores the executed command in a corresponding .cmd
-		file and multiple calls would result in overwrites and
-		unwanted results when the target is up to date and only the
-		tests on changed commands trigger execution of commands.
+Note:
+  if_changed should not be used more than once per target.
+  It stores the executed command in a corresponding .cmd
+  file and multiple calls would result in overwrites and
+  unwanted results when the target is up to date and only the
+  tests on changed commands trigger execution of commands.
 
-3.13 $(CC) support functions
-----------------------------
+$(CC) support functions
+-----------------------
 
-	The kernel may be built with several different versions of
-	$(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
-	kbuild provides basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
-	$(CC) is usually the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
-	available.
+The kernel may be built with several different versions of
+$(CC), each supporting a unique set of features and options.
+kbuild provides basic support to check for valid options for $(CC).
+$(CC) is usually the gcc compiler, but other alternatives are
+available.
 
-    as-option
-	as-option is used to check if $(CC) -- when used to compile
-	assembler (`*.S`) files -- supports the given option. An optional
-	second option may be specified if the first option is not supported.
+as-option
+  as-option is used to check if $(CC) -- when used to compile
+  assembler (``*.S``) files -- supports the given option. An optional
+  second option may be specified if the first option is not supported.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#arch/sh/Makefile
-		cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y),)
+    #arch/sh/Makefile
+    cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y),)
 
-	In the above example, cflags-y will be assigned the option
-	-Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y) if it is supported by $(CC).
-	The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
-	if first argument is not supported.
+  In the above example, cflags-y will be assigned the option
+  -Wa$(comma)-isa=$(isa-y) if it is supported by $(CC).
+  The second argument is optional, and if supplied will be used
+  if first argument is not supported.
 
-    as-instr
-	as-instr checks if the assembler reports a specific instruction
-	and then outputs either option1 or option2
-	C escapes are supported in the test instruction
-	Note: as-instr-option uses KBUILD_AFLAGS for assembler options
+as-instr
+  as-instr checks if the assembler reports a specific instruction
+  and then outputs either option1 or option2
+  C escapes are supported in the test instruction
+  Note: as-instr-option uses KBUILD_AFLAGS for assembler options
 
-    cc-option
-	cc-option is used to check if $(CC) supports a given option, and if
-	not supported to use an optional second option.
+cc-option
+  cc-option is used to check if $(CC) supports a given option, and if
+  not supported to use an optional second option.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
-		cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
+    #arch/x86/Makefile
+    cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-march=pentium-mmx,-march=i586)
 
-	In the above example, cflags-y will be assigned the option
-	-march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march=i586.
-	The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted,
-	cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
-	Note: cc-option uses KBUILD_CFLAGS for $(CC) options
+  In the above example, cflags-y will be assigned the option
+  -march=pentium-mmx if supported by $(CC), otherwise -march=i586.
+  The second argument to cc-option is optional, and if omitted,
+  cflags-y will be assigned no value if first option is not supported.
+  Note: cc-option uses KBUILD_CFLAGS for $(CC) options
 
-   cc-option-yn
-	cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
-	and return 'y' if supported, otherwise 'n'.
+cc-option-yn
+  cc-option-yn is used to check if gcc supports a given option
+  and return "y" if supported, otherwise "n".
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#arch/ppc/Makefile
-		biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
-		aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
-		cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
+    #arch/ppc/Makefile
+    biarch := $(call cc-option-yn, -m32)
+    aflags-$(biarch) += -a32
+    cflags-$(biarch) += -m32
 
-	In the above example, $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
-	option. When $(biarch) equals 'y', the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
-	and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32,
-	respectively.
-	Note: cc-option-yn uses KBUILD_CFLAGS for $(CC) options
+  In the above example, $(biarch) is set to y if $(CC) supports the -m32
+  option. When $(biarch) equals "y", the expanded variables $(aflags-y)
+  and $(cflags-y) will be assigned the values -a32 and -m32,
+  respectively.
 
-    cc-disable-warning
-	cc-disable-warning checks if gcc supports a given warning and returns
-	the commandline switch to disable it. This special function is needed,
-	because gcc 4.4 and later accept any unknown -Wno-* option and only
-	warn about it if there is another warning in the source file.
+  Note: cc-option-yn uses KBUILD_CFLAGS for $(CC) options
 
-	Example::
+cc-disable-warning
+  cc-disable-warning checks if gcc supports a given warning and returns
+  the commandline switch to disable it. This special function is needed,
+  because gcc 4.4 and later accept any unknown -Wno-* option and only
+  warn about it if there is another warning in the source file.
 
-		KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable)
+  Example::
 
-	In the above example, -Wno-unused-but-set-variable will be added to
-	KBUILD_CFLAGS only if gcc really accepts it.
+    KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-disable-warning, unused-but-set-variable)
 
-    gcc-min-version
-	gcc-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is greater than
-	or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
+  In the above example, -Wno-unused-but-set-variable will be added to
+  KBUILD_CFLAGS only if gcc really accepts it.
 
-	Example::
+gcc-min-version
+  gcc-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is greater than
+  or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
 
-		cflags-$(call gcc-min-version, 70100) := -foo
+  Example::
 
-	In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is gcc and
-	$(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is >= 7.1.
+    cflags-$(call gcc-min-version, 70100) := -foo
 
-    clang-min-version
-	clang-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is greater
-	than or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
+  In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is gcc and
+  $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is >= 7.1.
 
-	Example::
+clang-min-version
+  clang-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is greater
+  than or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
 
-		cflags-$(call clang-min-version, 110000) := -foo
+  Example::
 
-	In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is clang
-	and $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is >= 11.0.0.
+    cflags-$(call clang-min-version, 110000) := -foo
 
-    cc-cross-prefix
-	cc-cross-prefix is used to check if there exists a $(CC) in path with
-	one of the listed prefixes. The first prefix where there exist a
-	prefix$(CC) in the PATH is returned - and if no prefix$(CC) is found
-	then nothing is returned.
-	Additional prefixes are separated by a single space in the
-	call of cc-cross-prefix.
-	This functionality is useful for architecture Makefiles that try
-	to set CROSS_COMPILE to well-known values but may have several
-	values to select between.
-	It is recommended only to try to set CROSS_COMPILE if it is a cross
-	build (host arch is different from target arch). And if CROSS_COMPILE
-	is already set then leave it with the old value.
+  In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is clang
+  and $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is >= 11.0.0.
 
-	Example::
+cc-cross-prefix
+  cc-cross-prefix is used to check if there exists a $(CC) in path with
+  one of the listed prefixes. The first prefix where there exist a
+  prefix$(CC) in the PATH is returned - and if no prefix$(CC) is found
+  then nothing is returned.
 
-		#arch/m68k/Makefile
-		ifneq ($(SUBARCH),$(ARCH))
-		        ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE),)
-		               CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, m68k-linux-gnu-)
-			endif
-		endif
+  Additional prefixes are separated by a single space in the
+  call of cc-cross-prefix.
 
-3.14 $(LD) support functions
-----------------------------
+  This functionality is useful for architecture Makefiles that try
+  to set CROSS_COMPILE to well-known values but may have several
+  values to select between.
 
-    ld-option
-	ld-option is used to check if $(LD) supports the supplied option.
-	ld-option takes two options as arguments.
-	The second argument is an optional option that can be used if the
-	first option is not supported by $(LD).
+  It is recommended only to try to set CROSS_COMPILE if it is a cross
+  build (host arch is different from target arch). And if CROSS_COMPILE
+  is already set then leave it with the old value.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#Makefile
-		LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X)
+    #arch/m68k/Makefile
+    ifneq ($(SUBARCH),$(ARCH))
+            ifeq ($(CROSS_COMPILE),)
+                    CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, m68k-linux-gnu-)
+            endif
+    endif
 
-3.15 Script invocation
-----------------------
+$(LD) support functions
+-----------------------
 
-	Make rules may invoke scripts to build the kernel. The rules shall
-	always provide the appropriate interpreter to execute the script. They
-	shall not rely on the execute bits being set, and shall not invoke the
-	script directly. For the convenience of manual script invocation, such
-	as invoking ./scripts/checkpatch.pl, it is recommended to set execute
-	bits on the scripts nonetheless.
+ld-option
+  ld-option is used to check if $(LD) supports the supplied option.
+  ld-option takes two options as arguments.
 
-	Kbuild provides variables $(CONFIG_SHELL), $(AWK), $(PERL),
-	and $(PYTHON3) to refer to interpreters for the respective
-	scripts.
+  The second argument is an optional option that can be used if the
+  first option is not supported by $(LD).
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#Makefile
-		cmd_depmod = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/depmod.sh $(DEPMOD) \
-			     $(KERNELRELEASE)
+    #Makefile
+    LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X)
 
-4 Host Program support
-======================
+Script invocation
+-----------------
+
+Make rules may invoke scripts to build the kernel. The rules shall
+always provide the appropriate interpreter to execute the script. They
+shall not rely on the execute bits being set, and shall not invoke the
+script directly. For the convenience of manual script invocation, such
+as invoking ./scripts/checkpatch.pl, it is recommended to set execute
+bits on the scripts nonetheless.
+
+Kbuild provides variables $(CONFIG_SHELL), $(AWK), $(PERL),
+and $(PYTHON3) to refer to interpreters for the respective
+scripts.
+
+Example::
+
+  #Makefile
+  cmd_depmod = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/depmod.sh $(DEPMOD) \
+          $(KERNELRELEASE)
+
+Host Program support
+====================
 
 Kbuild supports building executables on the host for use during the
 compilation stage.
+
 Two steps are required in order to use a host executable.
 
 The first step is to tell kbuild that a host program exists. This is
-done utilising the variable "hostprogs".
+done utilising the variable ``hostprogs``.
 
 The second step is to add an explicit dependency to the executable.
 This can be done in two ways. Either add the dependency in a rule,
-or utilise the variable "always-y".
+or utilise the variable ``always-y``.
 Both possibilities are described in the following.
 
-4.1 Simple Host Program
------------------------
+Simple Host Program
+-------------------
 
-	In some cases there is a need to compile and run a program on the
-	computer where the build is running.
-	The following line tells kbuild that the program bin2hex shall be
-	built on the build host.
+In some cases there is a need to compile and run a program on the
+computer where the build is running.
 
-	Example::
+The following line tells kbuild that the program bin2hex shall be
+built on the build host.
 
-		hostprogs := bin2hex
+Example::
 
-	Kbuild assumes in the above example that bin2hex is made from a single
-	c-source file named bin2hex.c located in the same directory as
-	the Makefile.
+  hostprogs := bin2hex
 
-4.2 Composite Host Programs
----------------------------
+Kbuild assumes in the above example that bin2hex is made from a single
+c-source file named bin2hex.c located in the same directory as
+the Makefile.
 
-	Host programs can be made up based on composite objects.
-	The syntax used to define composite objects for host programs is
-	similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
-	$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
-	executable.
+Composite Host Programs
+-----------------------
 
-	Example::
+Host programs can be made up based on composite objects.
+The syntax used to define composite objects for host programs is
+similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
+$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
+executable.
 
-		#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
-		hostprogs     := lxdialog
-		lxdialog-objs := checklist.o lxdialog.o
+Example::
 
-	Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
-	files. In the above example, checklist.c is compiled to checklist.o
-	and lxdialog.c is compiled to lxdialog.o.
+  #scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
+  hostprogs     := lxdialog
+  lxdialog-objs := checklist.o lxdialog.o
 
-	Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, lxdialog.
-	Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for host-programs.
+Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
+files. In the above example, checklist.c is compiled to checklist.o
+and lxdialog.c is compiled to lxdialog.o.
 
-4.3 Using C++ for host programs
--------------------------------
+Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, lxdialog.
+Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for host-programs.
 
-	kbuild offers support for host programs written in C++. This was
-	introduced solely to support kconfig, and is not recommended
-	for general use.
+Using C++ for host programs
+---------------------------
 
-	Example::
+kbuild offers support for host programs written in C++. This was
+introduced solely to support kconfig, and is not recommended
+for general use.
 
-		#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
-		hostprogs     := qconf
-		qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
+Example::
 
-	In the example above the executable is composed of the C++ file
-	qconf.cc - identified by $(qconf-cxxobjs).
+  #scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+  hostprogs     := qconf
+  qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
 
-	If qconf is composed of a mixture of .c and .cc files, then an
-	additional line can be used to identify this.
+In the example above the executable is composed of the C++ file
+qconf.cc - identified by $(qconf-cxxobjs).
 
-	Example::
+If qconf is composed of a mixture of .c and .cc files, then an
+additional line can be used to identify this.
 
-		#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
-		hostprogs     := qconf
-		qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
-		qconf-objs    := check.o
+Example::
 
-4.4 Using Rust for host programs
---------------------------------
+  #scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+  hostprogs     := qconf
+  qconf-cxxobjs := qconf.o
+  qconf-objs    := check.o
 
-	Kbuild offers support for host programs written in Rust. However,
-	since a Rust toolchain is not mandatory for kernel compilation,
-	it may only be used in scenarios where Rust is required to be
-	available (e.g. when  ``CONFIG_RUST`` is enabled).
+Using Rust for host programs
+----------------------------
 
-	Example::
+Kbuild offers support for host programs written in Rust. However,
+since a Rust toolchain is not mandatory for kernel compilation,
+it may only be used in scenarios where Rust is required to be
+available (e.g. when  ``CONFIG_RUST`` is enabled).
 
-		hostprogs     := target
-		target-rust   := y
+Example::
 
-	Kbuild will compile ``target`` using ``target.rs`` as the crate root,
-	located in the same directory as the ``Makefile``. The crate may
-	consist of several source files (see ``samples/rust/hostprogs``).
+  hostprogs     := target
+  target-rust   := y
 
-4.5 Controlling compiler options for host programs
---------------------------------------------------
+Kbuild will compile ``target`` using ``target.rs`` as the crate root,
+located in the same directory as the ``Makefile``. The crate may
+consist of several source files (see ``samples/rust/hostprogs``).
 
-	When compiling host programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
-	The programs will always be compiled utilising $(HOSTCC) passed
-	the options specified in $(KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS).
-	To set flags that will take effect for all host programs created
-	in that Makefile, use the variable HOST_EXTRACFLAGS.
+Controlling compiler options for host programs
+----------------------------------------------
 
-	Example::
+When compiling host programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
+The programs will always be compiled utilising $(HOSTCC) passed
+the options specified in $(KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS).
 
-		#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
-		HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses
+To set flags that will take effect for all host programs created
+in that Makefile, use the variable HOST_EXTRACFLAGS.
 
-	To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
-	is used:
+Example::
 
-	Example::
+  #scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
+  HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses
 
-		#arch/ppc64/boot/Makefile
-		HOSTCFLAGS_piggyback.o := -DKERNELBASE=$(KERNELBASE)
+To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
+is used:
 
-	It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
+Example::
 
-	Example::
+  #arch/ppc64/boot/Makefile
+  HOSTCFLAGS_piggyback.o := -DKERNELBASE=$(KERNELBASE)
 
-		#scripts/kconfig/Makefile
-		HOSTLDLIBS_qconf := -L$(QTDIR)/lib
+It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
 
-	When linking qconf, it will be passed the extra option
-	"-L$(QTDIR)/lib".
+Example::
 
-4.6 When host programs are actually built
------------------------------------------
+  #scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+  HOSTLDLIBS_qconf := -L$(QTDIR)/lib
 
-	Kbuild will only build host-programs when they are referenced
-	as a prerequisite.
-	This is possible in two ways:
+When linking qconf, it will be passed the extra option
+``-L$(QTDIR)/lib``.
 
-	(1) List the prerequisite explicitly in a custom rule.
+When host programs are actually built
+-------------------------------------
 
-	Example::
+Kbuild will only build host-programs when they are referenced
+as a prerequisite.
 
-		#drivers/pci/Makefile
-		hostprogs := gen-devlist
-		$(obj)/devlist.h: $(src)/pci.ids $(obj)/gen-devlist
-			( cd $(obj); ./gen-devlist ) < $<
+This is possible in two ways:
 
-	The target $(obj)/devlist.h will not be built before
-	$(obj)/gen-devlist is updated. Note that references to
-	the host programs in custom rules must be prefixed with $(obj).
+(1) List the prerequisite explicitly in a custom rule.
 
-	(2) Use always-y
+    Example::
 
-	When there is no suitable custom rule, and the host program
-	shall be built when a makefile is entered, the always-y
-	variable shall be used.
+      #drivers/pci/Makefile
+      hostprogs := gen-devlist
+      $(obj)/devlist.h: $(src)/pci.ids $(obj)/gen-devlist
+      ( cd $(obj); ./gen-devlist ) < $<
 
-	Example::
+    The target $(obj)/devlist.h will not be built before
+    $(obj)/gen-devlist is updated. Note that references to
+    the host programs in custom rules must be prefixed with $(obj).
 
-		#scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
-		hostprogs     := lxdialog
-		always-y      := $(hostprogs)
+(2) Use always-y
 
-	Kbuild provides the following shorthand for this:
+    When there is no suitable custom rule, and the host program
+    shall be built when a makefile is entered, the always-y
+    variable shall be used.
 
-		hostprogs-always-y := lxdialog
+    Example::
 
-	This will tell kbuild to build lxdialog even if not referenced in
-	any rule.
+      #scripts/lxdialog/Makefile
+      hostprogs     := lxdialog
+      always-y      := $(hostprogs)
 
-5 Userspace Program support
-===========================
+    Kbuild provides the following shorthand for this::
+
+      hostprogs-always-y := lxdialog
+
+    This will tell kbuild to build lxdialog even if not referenced in
+    any rule.
+
+Userspace Program support
+=========================
 
 Just like host programs, Kbuild also supports building userspace executables
 for the target architecture (i.e. the same architecture as you are building
 the kernel for).
 
-The syntax is quite similar. The difference is to use "userprogs" instead of
-"hostprogs".
+The syntax is quite similar. The difference is to use ``userprogs`` instead of
+``hostprogs``.
 
-5.1 Simple Userspace Program
-----------------------------
+Simple Userspace Program
+------------------------
 
-	The following line tells kbuild that the program bpf-direct shall be
-	built for the target architecture.
+The following line tells kbuild that the program bpf-direct shall be
+built for the target architecture.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		userprogs := bpf-direct
+  userprogs := bpf-direct
 
-	Kbuild assumes in the above example that bpf-direct is made from a
-	single C source file named bpf-direct.c located in the same directory
-	as the Makefile.
+Kbuild assumes in the above example that bpf-direct is made from a
+single C source file named bpf-direct.c located in the same directory
+as the Makefile.
 
-5.2 Composite Userspace Programs
---------------------------------
+Composite Userspace Programs
+----------------------------
 
-	Userspace programs can be made up based on composite objects.
-	The syntax used to define composite objects for userspace programs is
-	similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
-	$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
-	executable.
+Userspace programs can be made up based on composite objects.
+The syntax used to define composite objects for userspace programs is
+similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
+$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
+executable.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#samples/seccomp/Makefile
-		userprogs      := bpf-fancy
-		bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
+  #samples/seccomp/Makefile
+  userprogs      := bpf-fancy
+  bpf-fancy-objs := bpf-fancy.o bpf-helper.o
 
-	Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
-	files. In the above example, bpf-fancy.c is compiled to bpf-fancy.o
-	and bpf-helper.c is compiled to bpf-helper.o.
+Objects with extension .o are compiled from the corresponding .c
+files. In the above example, bpf-fancy.c is compiled to bpf-fancy.o
+and bpf-helper.c is compiled to bpf-helper.o.
 
-	Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, bpf-fancy.
-	Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for userspace programs.
+Finally, the two .o files are linked to the executable, bpf-fancy.
+Note: The syntax <executable>-y is not permitted for userspace programs.
 
-5.3 Controlling compiler options for userspace programs
--------------------------------------------------------
+Controlling compiler options for userspace programs
+---------------------------------------------------
 
-	When compiling userspace programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
-	The programs will always be compiled utilising $(CC) passed
-	the options specified in $(KBUILD_USERCFLAGS).
-	To set flags that will take effect for all userspace programs created
-	in that Makefile, use the variable userccflags.
+When compiling userspace programs, it is possible to set specific flags.
+The programs will always be compiled utilising $(CC) passed
+the options specified in $(KBUILD_USERCFLAGS).
 
-	Example::
+To set flags that will take effect for all userspace programs created
+in that Makefile, use the variable userccflags.
 
-		# samples/seccomp/Makefile
-		userccflags += -I usr/include
+Example::
 
-	To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
-	is used:
+  # samples/seccomp/Makefile
+  userccflags += -I usr/include
 
-	Example::
+To set specific flags for a single file the following construction
+is used:
 
-		bpf-helper-userccflags += -I user/include
+Example::
 
-	It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
+  bpf-helper-userccflags += -I user/include
 
-	Example::
+It is also possible to specify additional options to the linker.
 
-		# net/bpfilter/Makefile
-		bpfilter_umh-userldflags += -static
+Example::
 
-	When linking bpfilter_umh, it will be passed the extra option -static.
+  # net/bpfilter/Makefile
+  bpfilter_umh-userldflags += -static
 
-	From command line, :ref:`USERCFLAGS and USERLDFLAGS <userkbuildflags>` will also be used.
+When linking bpfilter_umh, it will be passed the extra option -static.
 
-5.4 When userspace programs are actually built
-----------------------------------------------
+From command line, :ref:`USERCFLAGS and USERLDFLAGS <userkbuildflags>` will also be used.
+
+When userspace programs are actually built
+------------------------------------------
 
-	Kbuild builds userspace programs only when told to do so.
-	There are two ways to do this.
+Kbuild builds userspace programs only when told to do so.
+There are two ways to do this.
 
-	(1) Add it as the prerequisite of another file
+(1) Add it as the prerequisite of another file
 
-	Example::
+    Example::
 
-		#net/bpfilter/Makefile
-		userprogs := bpfilter_umh
-		$(obj)/bpfilter_umh_blob.o: $(obj)/bpfilter_umh
+      #net/bpfilter/Makefile
+      userprogs := bpfilter_umh
+      $(obj)/bpfilter_umh_blob.o: $(obj)/bpfilter_umh
 
-	$(obj)/bpfilter_umh is built before $(obj)/bpfilter_umh_blob.o
+    $(obj)/bpfilter_umh is built before $(obj)/bpfilter_umh_blob.o
 
-	(2) Use always-y
+(2) Use always-y
 
-	Example::
+    Example::
 
-		userprogs := binderfs_example
-		always-y := $(userprogs)
+      userprogs := binderfs_example
+      always-y := $(userprogs)
 
-	Kbuild provides the following shorthand for this:
+    Kbuild provides the following shorthand for this::
 
-		userprogs-always-y := binderfs_example
+      userprogs-always-y := binderfs_example
 
-	This will tell Kbuild to build binderfs_example when it visits this
-	Makefile.
+    This will tell Kbuild to build binderfs_example when it visits this
+    Makefile.
 
-6 Kbuild clean infrastructure
-=============================
+Kbuild clean infrastructure
+===========================
 
-"make clean" deletes most generated files in the obj tree where the kernel
+``make clean`` deletes most generated files in the obj tree where the kernel
 is compiled. This includes generated files such as host programs.
 Kbuild knows targets listed in $(hostprogs), $(always-y), $(always-m),
 $(always-), $(extra-y), $(extra-) and $(targets). They are all deleted
-during "make clean". Files matching the patterns "*.[oas]", "*.ko", plus
+during ``make clean``. Files matching the patterns ``*.[oas]``, ``*.ko``, plus
 some additional files generated by kbuild are deleted all over the kernel
-source tree when "make clean" is executed.
+source tree when ``make clean`` is executed.
 
 Additional files or directories can be specified in kbuild makefiles by use of
 $(clean-files).
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#lib/Makefile
-		clean-files := crc32table.h
+  #lib/Makefile
+  clean-files := crc32table.h
 
-When executing "make clean", the file "crc32table.h" will be deleted.
+When executing ``make clean``, the file ``crc32table.h`` will be deleted.
 Kbuild will assume files to be in the same relative directory as the
 Makefile.
 
 To exclude certain files or directories from make clean, use the
 $(no-clean-files) variable.
 
-Usually kbuild descends down in subdirectories due to "obj-* := dir/",
+Usually kbuild descends down in subdirectories due to ``obj-* := dir/``,
 but in the architecture makefiles where the kbuild infrastructure
 is not sufficient this sometimes needs to be explicit.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/boot/Makefile
-		subdir- := compressed
+  #arch/x86/boot/Makefile
+  subdir- := compressed
 
 The above assignment instructs kbuild to descend down in the
-directory compressed/ when "make clean" is executed.
+directory compressed/ when ``make clean`` is executed.
 
-Note 1: arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile cannot use "subdir-", because that file is
+Note 1: arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile cannot use ``subdir-``, because that file is
 included in the top level makefile. Instead, arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kbuild can use
-"subdir-".
+``subdir-``.
 
 Note 2: All directories listed in core-y, libs-y, drivers-y and net-y will
-be visited during "make clean".
+be visited during ``make clean``.
 
-7 Architecture Makefiles
-========================
+Architecture Makefiles
+======================
 
 The top level Makefile sets up the environment and does the preparation,
 before starting to descend down in the individual directories.
+
 The top level makefile contains the generic part, whereas
 arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile contains what is required to set up kbuild
 for said architecture.
+
 To do so, arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile sets up a number of variables and defines
 a few targets.
 
 When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 
 1) Configuration of the kernel => produce .config
+
 2) Store kernel version in include/linux/version.h
+
 3) Updating all other prerequisites to the target prepare:
+
    - Additional prerequisites are specified in arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
+
 4) Recursively descend down in all directories listed in
    init-* core* drivers-* net-* libs-* and build all targets.
+
    - The values of the above variables are expanded in arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
+
 5) All object files are then linked and the resulting file vmlinux is
    located at the root of the obj tree.
    The very first objects linked are listed in scripts/head-object-list.txt.
+
 6) Finally, the architecture-specific part does any required post processing
    and builds the final bootimage.
+
    - This includes building boot records
    - Preparing initrd images and the like
 
+Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+KBUILD_LDFLAGS
+  Generic $(LD) options
+
+  Flags used for all invocations of the linker.
+  Often specifying the emulation is sufficient.
+
+  Example::
 
-7.1 Set variables to tweak the build to the architecture
---------------------------------------------------------
+    #arch/s390/Makefile
+    KBUILD_LDFLAGS         := -m elf_s390
 
-    KBUILD_LDFLAGS
-	Generic $(LD) options
+  Note: ldflags-y can be used to further customise
+  the flags used. See `Non-builtin vmlinux targets - extra-y`_.
 
-	Flags used for all invocations of the linker.
-	Often specifying the emulation is sufficient.
+LDFLAGS_vmlinux
+  Options for $(LD) when linking vmlinux
 
-	Example::
+  LDFLAGS_vmlinux is used to specify additional flags to pass to
+  the linker when linking the final vmlinux image.
 
-		#arch/s390/Makefile
-		KBUILD_LDFLAGS         := -m elf_s390
+  LDFLAGS_vmlinux uses the LDFLAGS_$@ support.
 
-	Note: ldflags-y can be used to further customise
-	the flags used. See section 3.7.
+  Example::
 
-    LDFLAGS_vmlinux
-	Options for $(LD) when linking vmlinux
+    #arch/x86/Makefile
+    LDFLAGS_vmlinux := -e stext
 
-	LDFLAGS_vmlinux is used to specify additional flags to pass to
-	the linker when linking the final vmlinux image.
-	LDFLAGS_vmlinux uses the LDFLAGS_$@ support.
+OBJCOPYFLAGS
+  objcopy flags
 
-	Example::
+  When $(call if_changed,objcopy) is used to translate a .o file,
+  the flags specified in OBJCOPYFLAGS will be used.
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
-		LDFLAGS_vmlinux := -e stext
+  $(call if_changed,objcopy) is often used to generate raw binaries on
+  vmlinux.
 
-    OBJCOPYFLAGS
-	objcopy flags
+  Example::
 
-	When $(call if_changed,objcopy) is used to translate a .o file,
-	the flags specified in OBJCOPYFLAGS will be used.
-	$(call if_changed,objcopy) is often used to generate raw binaries on
-	vmlinux.
+    #arch/s390/Makefile
+    OBJCOPYFLAGS := -O binary
 
-	Example::
+    #arch/s390/boot/Makefile
+    $(obj)/image: vmlinux FORCE
+            $(call if_changed,objcopy)
 
-		#arch/s390/Makefile
-		OBJCOPYFLAGS := -O binary
+  In this example, the binary $(obj)/image is a binary version of
+  vmlinux. The usage of $(call if_changed,xxx) will be described later.
 
-		#arch/s390/boot/Makefile
-		$(obj)/image: vmlinux FORCE
-			$(call if_changed,objcopy)
+KBUILD_AFLAGS
+  Assembler flags
 
-	In this example, the binary $(obj)/image is a binary version of
-	vmlinux. The usage of $(call if_changed,xxx) will be described later.
+  Default value - see top level Makefile.
 
-    KBUILD_AFLAGS
-	Assembler flags
+  Append or modify as required per architecture.
 
-	Default value - see top level Makefile
-	Append or modify as required per architecture.
+  Example::
 
-	Example::
+    #arch/sparc64/Makefile
+    KBUILD_AFLAGS += -m64 -mcpu=ultrasparc
 
-		#arch/sparc64/Makefile
-		KBUILD_AFLAGS += -m64 -mcpu=ultrasparc
+KBUILD_CFLAGS
+  $(CC) compiler flags
 
-    KBUILD_CFLAGS
-	$(CC) compiler flags
+  Default value - see top level Makefile.
 
-	Default value - see top level Makefile
-	Append or modify as required per architecture.
+  Append or modify as required per architecture.
 
-	Often, the KBUILD_CFLAGS variable depends on the configuration.
+  Often, the KBUILD_CFLAGS variable depends on the configuration.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
-		cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_32) := -march=i386
-		cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_64) := -mcmodel=small
-		KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
+    #arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
+    cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_32) := -march=i386
+    cflags-$(CONFIG_X86_64) := -mcmodel=small
+    KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
 
-	Many arch Makefiles dynamically run the target C compiler to
-	probe supported options::
+  Many arch Makefiles dynamically run the target C compiler to
+  probe supported options::
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
+    #arch/x86/Makefile
 
-		...
-		cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMII)     += $(call cc-option,\
+    ...
+    cflags-$(CONFIG_MPENTIUMII)     += $(call cc-option,\
 						-march=pentium2,-march=i686)
-		...
-		# Disable unit-at-a-time mode ...
-		KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-unit-at-a-time)
-		...
+    ...
+    # Disable unit-at-a-time mode ...
+    KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-unit-at-a-time)
+    ...
 
 
-	The first example utilises the trick that a config option expands
-	to 'y' when selected.
+  The first example utilises the trick that a config option expands
+  to "y" when selected.
 
-    KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS
-	$(RUSTC) compiler flags
+KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS
+  $(RUSTC) compiler flags
 
-	Default value - see top level Makefile
-	Append or modify as required per architecture.
+  Default value - see top level Makefile.
 
-	Often, the KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS variable depends on the configuration.
+  Append or modify as required per architecture.
 
-	Note that target specification file generation (for ``--target``)
-	is handled in ``scripts/generate_rust_target.rs``.
+  Often, the KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS variable depends on the configuration.
 
-    KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL
-	Assembler options specific for built-in
+  Note that target specification file generation (for ``--target``)
+  is handled in ``scripts/generate_rust_target.rs``.
 
-	$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
-	resident kernel code.
+KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL
+  Assembler options specific for built-in
 
-    KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE
-	Assembler options specific for modules
+  $(KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
+  resident kernel code.
 
-	$(KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
-	are used for assembler.
+KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE
+  Assembler options specific for modules
 
-	From commandline AFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
+  $(KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
+  are used for assembler.
 
-    KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
-	$(CC) options specific for built-in
+  From commandline AFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
 
-	$(KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
-	resident kernel code.
+KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
+  $(CC) options specific for built-in
 
-    KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE
-	Options for $(CC) when building modules
+  $(KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra C compiler flags used to compile
+  resident kernel code.
 
-	$(KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
-	are used for $(CC).
-	From commandline CFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
+KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE
+  Options for $(CC) when building modules
 
-    KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL
-	$(RUSTC) options specific for built-in
+  $(KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
+  are used for $(CC).
 
-	$(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra Rust compiler flags used to
-	compile resident kernel code.
+  From commandline CFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
 
-    KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_MODULE
-	Options for $(RUSTC) when building modules
+KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL
+  $(RUSTC) options specific for built-in
 
-	$(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
-	are used for $(RUSTC).
-	From commandline RUSTFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
+  $(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL) contains extra Rust compiler flags used to
+  compile resident kernel code.
 
-    KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
-	Options for $(LD) when linking modules
+KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_MODULE
+  Options for $(RUSTC) when building modules
 
-	$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options
-	used when linking modules. This is often a linker script.
+  $(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options that
+  are used for $(RUSTC).
 
-	From commandline LDFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
+  From commandline RUSTFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
 
-    KBUILD_LDS
+KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
+  Options for $(LD) when linking modules
 
-	The linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level Makefile.
+  $(KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options
+  used when linking modules. This is often a linker script.
 
-    KBUILD_LDS_MODULE
+  From commandline LDFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.rst).
 
-	The module linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level
-	Makefile and additionally by the arch Makefile.
+KBUILD_LDS
+  The linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level Makefile.
 
-    KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS
+  All object files for vmlinux. They are linked to vmlinux in the same
+  order as listed in KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS.
 
-	All object files for vmlinux. They are linked to vmlinux in the same
-	order as listed in KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS.
+  The objects listed in scripts/head-object-list.txt are exceptions;
+  they are placed before the other objects.
 
-	The objects listed in scripts/head-object-list.txt are exceptions;
-	they are placed before the other objects.
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
+  All .a ``lib`` files for vmlinux. KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS and
+  KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS together specify all the object files used to
+  link vmlinux.
 
-    KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
+Add prerequisites to archheaders
+--------------------------------
 
-	All .a "lib" files for vmlinux. KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS and
-	KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS together specify all the object files used to
-	link vmlinux.
+The archheaders: rule is used to generate header files that
+may be installed into user space by ``make header_install``.
 
-7.2 Add prerequisites to archheaders
-------------------------------------
+It is run before ``make archprepare`` when run on the
+architecture itself.
 
-	The archheaders: rule is used to generate header files that
-	may be installed into user space by "make header_install".
+Add prerequisites to archprepare
+--------------------------------
 
-	It is run before "make archprepare" when run on the
-	architecture itself.
+The archprepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that need to be
+built before starting to descend down in the subdirectories.
 
+This is usually used for header files containing assembler constants.
 
-7.3 Add prerequisites to archprepare
-------------------------------------
+Example::
 
-	The archprepare: rule is used to list prerequisites that need to be
-	built before starting to descend down in the subdirectories.
-	This is usually used for header files containing assembler constants.
+  #arch/arm/Makefile
+  archprepare: maketools
 
-	Example::
+In this example, the file target maketools will be processed
+before descending down in the subdirectories.
 
-		#arch/arm/Makefile
-		archprepare: maketools
+See also chapter XXX-TODO that describes how kbuild supports
+generating offset header files.
 
-	In this example, the file target maketools will be processed
-	before descending down in the subdirectories.
-	See also chapter XXX-TODO that describes how kbuild supports
-	generating offset header files.
+List directories to visit when descending
+-----------------------------------------
 
+An arch Makefile cooperates with the top Makefile to define variables
+which specify how to build the vmlinux file.  Note that there is no
+corresponding arch-specific section for modules; the module-building
+machinery is all architecture-independent.
 
-7.4 List directories to visit when descending
----------------------------------------------
+core-y, libs-y, drivers-y
+  $(libs-y) lists directories where a lib.a archive can be located.
 
-	An arch Makefile cooperates with the top Makefile to define variables
-	which specify how to build the vmlinux file.  Note that there is no
-	corresponding arch-specific section for modules; the module-building
-	machinery is all architecture-independent.
+  The rest list directories where a built-in.a object file can be
+  located.
 
+  Then the rest follows in this order:
 
-	core-y, libs-y, drivers-y
+    $(core-y), $(libs-y), $(drivers-y)
 
-	    $(libs-y) lists directories where a lib.a archive can be located.
+  The top level Makefile defines values for all generic directories,
+  and arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile only adds architecture-specific
+  directories.
 
-	    The rest list directories where a built-in.a object file can be
-	    located.
+  Example::
 
-	    Then the rest follows in this order:
+    # arch/sparc/Makefile
+    core-y                 += arch/sparc/
 
-		$(core-y), $(libs-y), $(drivers-y)
+    libs-y                 += arch/sparc/prom/
+    libs-y                 += arch/sparc/lib/
 
-	    The top level Makefile defines values for all generic directories,
-	    and arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile only adds architecture-specific
-	    directories.
+    drivers-$(CONFIG_PM) += arch/sparc/power/
 
-	    Example::
+Architecture-specific boot images
+---------------------------------
 
-		# arch/sparc/Makefile
-		core-y                 += arch/sparc/
+An arch Makefile specifies goals that take the vmlinux file, compress
+it, wrap it in bootstrapping code, and copy the resulting files
+somewhere. This includes various kinds of installation commands.
+The actual goals are not standardized across architectures.
 
-		libs-y                 += arch/sparc/prom/
-		libs-y                 += arch/sparc/lib/
+It is common to locate any additional processing in a boot/
+directory below arch/$(SRCARCH)/.
 
-		drivers-$(CONFIG_PM) += arch/sparc/power/
+Kbuild does not provide any smart way to support building a
+target specified in boot/. Therefore arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile shall
+call make manually to build a target in boot/.
 
-7.5 Architecture-specific boot images
--------------------------------------
+The recommended approach is to include shortcuts in
+arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile, and use the full path when calling down
+into the arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/Makefile.
 
-	An arch Makefile specifies goals that take the vmlinux file, compress
-	it, wrap it in bootstrapping code, and copy the resulting files
-	somewhere. This includes various kinds of installation commands.
-	The actual goals are not standardized across architectures.
+Example::
 
-	It is common to locate any additional processing in a boot/
-	directory below arch/$(SRCARCH)/.
+  #arch/x86/Makefile
+  boot := arch/x86/boot
+  bzImage: vmlinux
+          $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
 
-	Kbuild does not provide any smart way to support building a
-	target specified in boot/. Therefore arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile shall
-	call make manually to build a target in boot/.
+``$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=<dir>`` is the recommended way to invoke
+make in a subdirectory.
 
-	The recommended approach is to include shortcuts in
-	arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile, and use the full path when calling down
-	into the arch/$(SRCARCH)/boot/Makefile.
+There are no rules for naming architecture-specific targets,
+but executing ``make help`` will list all relevant targets.
+To support this, $(archhelp) must be defined.
 
-	Example::
+Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
-		boot := arch/x86/boot
-		bzImage: vmlinux
-			$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
+  #arch/x86/Makefile
+  define archhelp
+    echo  '* bzImage      - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)'
+  endif
 
-	"$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=<dir>" is the recommended way to invoke
-	make in a subdirectory.
+When make is executed without arguments, the first goal encountered
+will be built. In the top level Makefile the first goal present
+is all:.
 
-	There are no rules for naming architecture-specific targets,
-	but executing "make help" will list all relevant targets.
-	To support this, $(archhelp) must be defined.
+An architecture shall always, per default, build a bootable image.
+In ``make help``, the default goal is highlighted with a ``*``.
 
-	Example::
+Add a new prerequisite to all: to select a default goal different
+from vmlinux.
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
-		define archhelp
-		  echo  '* bzImage      - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)'
-		endif
+Example::
 
-	When make is executed without arguments, the first goal encountered
-	will be built. In the top level Makefile the first goal present
-	is all:.
-	An architecture shall always, per default, build a bootable image.
-	In "make help", the default goal is highlighted with a '*'.
-	Add a new prerequisite to all: to select a default goal different
-	from vmlinux.
+  #arch/x86/Makefile
+  all: bzImage
 
-	Example::
+When ``make`` is executed without arguments, bzImage will be built.
 
-		#arch/x86/Makefile
-		all: bzImage
+Commands useful for building a boot image
+-----------------------------------------
 
-	When "make" is executed without arguments, bzImage will be built.
+Kbuild provides a few macros that are useful when building a
+boot image.
 
-7.7 Commands useful for building a boot image
----------------------------------------------
+ld
+  Link target. Often, LDFLAGS_$@ is used to set specific options to ld.
 
-    Kbuild provides a few macros that are useful when building a
-    boot image.
+  Example::
 
-    ld
-	Link target. Often, LDFLAGS_$@ is used to set specific options to ld.
+    #arch/x86/boot/Makefile
+    LDFLAGS_bootsect := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary
+    LDFLAGS_setup    := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary -e begtext
 
-	Example::
+    targets += setup setup.o bootsect bootsect.o
+    $(obj)/setup $(obj)/bootsect: %: %.o FORCE
+            $(call if_changed,ld)
 
-		#arch/x86/boot/Makefile
-		LDFLAGS_bootsect := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary
-		LDFLAGS_setup    := -Ttext 0x0 -s --oformat binary -e begtext
+  In this example, there are two possible targets, requiring different
+  options to the linker. The linker options are specified using the
+  LDFLAGS_$@ syntax - one for each potential target.
 
-		targets += setup setup.o bootsect bootsect.o
-		$(obj)/setup $(obj)/bootsect: %: %.o FORCE
-			$(call if_changed,ld)
+  $(targets) are assigned all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
+  the targets and will:
 
-	In this example, there are two possible targets, requiring different
-	options to the linker. The linker options are specified using the
-	LDFLAGS_$@ syntax - one for each potential target.
-	$(targets) are assigned all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
-	the targets and will:
+  1) check for commandline changes
+  2) delete target during make clean
 
-		1) check for commandline changes
-		2) delete target during make clean
+  The ``: %: %.o`` part of the prerequisite is a shorthand that
+  frees us from listing the setup.o and bootsect.o files.
 
-	The ": %: %.o" part of the prerequisite is a shorthand that
-	frees us from listing the setup.o and bootsect.o files.
+  Note:
+  It is a common mistake to forget the ``targets :=`` assignment,
+  resulting in the target file being recompiled for no
+  obvious reason.
 
-	Note:
-	      It is a common mistake to forget the "targets :=" assignment,
-	      resulting in the target file being recompiled for no
-	      obvious reason.
+objcopy
+  Copy binary. Uses OBJCOPYFLAGS usually specified in
+  arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
 
-    objcopy
-	Copy binary. Uses OBJCOPYFLAGS usually specified in
-	arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
-	OBJCOPYFLAGS_$@ may be used to set additional options.
+  OBJCOPYFLAGS_$@ may be used to set additional options.
 
-    gzip
-	Compress target. Use maximum compression to compress target.
+gzip
+  Compress target. Use maximum compression to compress target.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		#arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
-		$(obj)/vmlinux.bin.gz: $(vmlinux.bin.all-y) FORCE
-			$(call if_changed,gzip)
+    #arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
+    $(obj)/vmlinux.bin.gz: $(vmlinux.bin.all-y) FORCE
+            $(call if_changed,gzip)
 
-    dtc
-	Create flattened device tree blob object suitable for linking
-	into vmlinux. Device tree blobs linked into vmlinux are placed
-	in an init section in the image. Platform code *must* copy the
-	blob to non-init memory prior to calling unflatten_device_tree().
+dtc
+  Create flattened device tree blob object suitable for linking
+  into vmlinux. Device tree blobs linked into vmlinux are placed
+  in an init section in the image. Platform code *must* copy the
+  blob to non-init memory prior to calling unflatten_device_tree().
 
-	To use this command, simply add `*.dtb` into obj-y or targets, or make
-	some other target depend on `%.dtb`
+  To use this command, simply add ``*.dtb`` into obj-y or targets, or make
+  some other target depend on ``%.dtb``
 
-	A central rule exists to create `$(obj)/%.dtb` from `$(src)/%.dts`;
-	architecture Makefiles do no need to explicitly write out that rule.
+  A central rule exists to create ``$(obj)/%.dtb`` from ``$(src)/%.dts``;
+  architecture Makefiles do no need to explicitly write out that rule.
 
-	Example::
+  Example::
 
-		targets += $(dtb-y)
-		DTC_FLAGS ?= -p 1024
+    targets += $(dtb-y)
+    DTC_FLAGS ?= -p 1024
 
-7.9 Preprocessing linker scripts
---------------------------------
+Preprocessing linker scripts
+----------------------------
 
-	When the vmlinux image is built, the linker script
-	arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds is used.
-	The script is a preprocessed variant of the file vmlinux.lds.S
-	located in the same directory.
-	kbuild knows .lds files and includes a rule `*lds.S` -> `*lds`.
+When the vmlinux image is built, the linker script
+arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds is used.
 
-	Example::
+The script is a preprocessed variant of the file vmlinux.lds.S
+located in the same directory.
 
-		#arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
-		extra-y := vmlinux.lds
+kbuild knows .lds files and includes a rule ``*lds.S`` -> ``*lds``.
 
-	The assignment to extra-y is used to tell kbuild to build the
-	target vmlinux.lds.
-	The assignment to $(CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds) tells kbuild to use the
-	specified options when building the target vmlinux.lds.
+Example::
 
-	When building the `*.lds` target, kbuild uses the variables::
+  #arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+  extra-y := vmlinux.lds
 
-		KBUILD_CPPFLAGS	: Set in top-level Makefile
-		cppflags-y	: May be set in the kbuild makefile
-		CPPFLAGS_$(@F)  : Target-specific flags.
-				Note that the full filename is used in this
-				assignment.
+The assignment to extra-y is used to tell kbuild to build the
+target vmlinux.lds.
 
-	The kbuild infrastructure for `*lds` files is used in several
-	architecture-specific files.
+The assignment to $(CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds) tells kbuild to use the
+specified options when building the target vmlinux.lds.
 
-7.10 Generic header files
--------------------------
+When building the ``*.lds`` target, kbuild uses the variables::
 
-	The directory include/asm-generic contains the header files
-	that may be shared between individual architectures.
-	The recommended approach how to use a generic header file is
-	to list the file in the Kbuild file.
-	See "8.2 generic-y" for further info on syntax etc.
+  KBUILD_CPPFLAGS      : Set in top-level Makefile
+  cppflags-y           : May be set in the kbuild makefile
+  CPPFLAGS_$(@F)       : Target-specific flags.
+                         Note that the full filename is used in this
+                         assignment.
 
-7.11 Post-link pass
--------------------
+The kbuild infrastructure for ``*lds`` files is used in several
+architecture-specific files.
+
+Generic header files
+--------------------
 
-	If the file arch/xxx/Makefile.postlink exists, this makefile
-	will be invoked for post-link objects (vmlinux and modules.ko)
-	for architectures to run post-link passes on. Must also handle
-	the clean target.
+The directory include/asm-generic contains the header files
+that may be shared between individual architectures.
 
-	This pass runs after kallsyms generation. If the architecture
-	needs to modify symbol locations, rather than manipulate the
-	kallsyms, it may be easier to add another postlink target for
-	.tmp_vmlinux? targets to be called from link-vmlinux.sh.
+The recommended approach how to use a generic header file is
+to list the file in the Kbuild file.
 
-	For example, powerpc uses this to check relocation sanity of
-	the linked vmlinux file.
+See `generic-y`_ for further info on syntax etc.
 
-8 Kbuild syntax for exported headers
-------------------------------------
+Post-link pass
+--------------
+
+If the file arch/xxx/Makefile.postlink exists, this makefile
+will be invoked for post-link objects (vmlinux and modules.ko)
+for architectures to run post-link passes on. Must also handle
+the clean target.
+
+This pass runs after kallsyms generation. If the architecture
+needs to modify symbol locations, rather than manipulate the
+kallsyms, it may be easier to add another postlink target for
+.tmp_vmlinux? targets to be called from link-vmlinux.sh.
+
+For example, powerpc uses this to check relocation sanity of
+the linked vmlinux file.
+
+Kbuild syntax for exported headers
+==================================
 
 The kernel includes a set of headers that is exported to userspace.
 Many headers can be exported as-is but other headers require a
 minimal pre-processing before they are ready for user-space.
+
 The pre-processing does:
 
 - drop kernel-specific annotations
 - drop include of compiler.h
-- drop all sections that are kernel internal (guarded by `ifdef __KERNEL__`)
+- drop all sections that are kernel internal (guarded by ``ifdef __KERNEL__``)
 
 All headers under include/uapi/, include/generated/uapi/,
 arch/<arch>/include/uapi/ and arch/<arch>/include/generated/uapi/
@@ -1526,139 +1492,139 @@ are exported.
 
 A Kbuild file may be defined under arch/<arch>/include/uapi/asm/ and
 arch/<arch>/include/asm/ to list asm files coming from asm-generic.
+
 See subsequent chapter for the syntax of the Kbuild file.
 
-8.1 no-export-headers
----------------------
+no-export-headers
+-----------------
 
-	no-export-headers is essentially used by include/uapi/linux/Kbuild to
-	avoid exporting specific headers (e.g. kvm.h) on architectures that do
-	not support it. It should be avoided as much as possible.
+no-export-headers is essentially used by include/uapi/linux/Kbuild to
+avoid exporting specific headers (e.g. kvm.h) on architectures that do
+not support it. It should be avoided as much as possible.
 
-8.2 generic-y
--------------
+generic-y
+---------
 
-	If an architecture uses a verbatim copy of a header from
-	include/asm-generic then this is listed in the file
-	arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/asm/Kbuild like this:
+If an architecture uses a verbatim copy of a header from
+include/asm-generic then this is listed in the file
+arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/asm/Kbuild like this:
 
-		Example::
+Example::
 
-			#arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
-			generic-y += termios.h
-			generic-y += rtc.h
+  #arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
+  generic-y += termios.h
+  generic-y += rtc.h
 
-	During the prepare phase of the build a wrapper include
-	file is generated in the directory::
+During the prepare phase of the build a wrapper include
+file is generated in the directory::
 
-		arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/asm
+  arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/asm
 
-	When a header is exported where the architecture uses
-	the generic header a similar wrapper is generated as part
-	of the set of exported headers in the directory::
+When a header is exported where the architecture uses
+the generic header a similar wrapper is generated as part
+of the set of exported headers in the directory::
 
-		usr/include/asm
+  usr/include/asm
 
-	The generated wrapper will in both cases look like the following:
+The generated wrapper will in both cases look like the following:
 
-		Example: termios.h::
+Example: termios.h::
 
-			#include <asm-generic/termios.h>
+  #include <asm-generic/termios.h>
 
-8.3 generated-y
----------------
+generated-y
+-----------
 
-	If an architecture generates other header files alongside generic-y
-	wrappers, generated-y specifies them.
+If an architecture generates other header files alongside generic-y
+wrappers, generated-y specifies them.
 
-	This prevents them being treated as stale asm-generic wrappers and
-	removed.
+This prevents them being treated as stale asm-generic wrappers and
+removed.
 
-		Example::
+Example::
 
-			#arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
-			generated-y += syscalls_32.h
+  #arch/x86/include/asm/Kbuild
+  generated-y += syscalls_32.h
 
-8.4 mandatory-y
----------------
+mandatory-y
+-----------
 
-	mandatory-y is essentially used by include/(uapi/)asm-generic/Kbuild
-	to define the minimum set of ASM headers that all architectures must have.
+mandatory-y is essentially used by include/(uapi/)asm-generic/Kbuild
+to define the minimum set of ASM headers that all architectures must have.
 
-	This works like optional generic-y. If a mandatory header is missing
-	in arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/(uapi/)/asm, Kbuild will automatically
-	generate a wrapper of the asm-generic one.
+This works like optional generic-y. If a mandatory header is missing
+in arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/(uapi/)/asm, Kbuild will automatically
+generate a wrapper of the asm-generic one.
 
-9 Kbuild Variables
-==================
+Kbuild Variables
+================
 
 The top Makefile exports the following variables:
 
-    VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, EXTRAVERSION
-	These variables define the current kernel version.  A few arch
-	Makefiles actually use these values directly; they should use
-	$(KERNELRELEASE) instead.
-
-	$(VERSION), $(PATCHLEVEL), and $(SUBLEVEL) define the basic
-	three-part version number, such as "2", "4", and "0".  These three
-	values are always numeric.
+VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, EXTRAVERSION
+  These variables define the current kernel version.  A few arch
+  Makefiles actually use these values directly; they should use
+  $(KERNELRELEASE) instead.
 
-	$(EXTRAVERSION) defines an even tinier sublevel for pre-patches
-	or additional patches.	It is usually some non-numeric string
-	such as "-pre4", and is often blank.
+  $(VERSION), $(PATCHLEVEL), and $(SUBLEVEL) define the basic
+  three-part version number, such as "2", "4", and "0".  These three
+  values are always numeric.
 
-    KERNELRELEASE
-	$(KERNELRELEASE) is a single string such as "2.4.0-pre4", suitable
-	for constructing installation directory names or showing in
-	version strings.  Some arch Makefiles use it for this purpose.
+  $(EXTRAVERSION) defines an even tinier sublevel for pre-patches
+  or additional patches.	It is usually some non-numeric string
+  such as "-pre4", and is often blank.
 
-    ARCH
-	This variable defines the target architecture, such as "i386",
-	"arm", or "sparc". Some kbuild Makefiles test $(ARCH) to
-	determine which files to compile.
+KERNELRELEASE
+  $(KERNELRELEASE) is a single string such as "2.4.0-pre4", suitable
+  for constructing installation directory names or showing in
+  version strings.  Some arch Makefiles use it for this purpose.
 
-	By default, the top Makefile sets $(ARCH) to be the same as the
-	host system architecture.  For a cross build, a user may
-	override the value of $(ARCH) on the command line::
+ARCH
+  This variable defines the target architecture, such as "i386",
+  "arm", or "sparc". Some kbuild Makefiles test $(ARCH) to
+  determine which files to compile.
 
-	    make ARCH=m68k ...
+  By default, the top Makefile sets $(ARCH) to be the same as the
+  host system architecture.  For a cross build, a user may
+  override the value of $(ARCH) on the command line::
 
-    SRCARCH
-	This variable specifies the directory in arch/ to build.
+    make ARCH=m68k ...
 
-	ARCH and SRCARCH may not necessarily match. A couple of arch
-	directories are biarch, that is, a single `arch/*/` directory supports
-	both 32-bit and 64-bit.
+SRCARCH
+  This variable specifies the directory in arch/ to build.
 
-	For example, you can pass in ARCH=i386, ARCH=x86_64, or ARCH=x86.
-	For all of them, SRCARCH=x86 because arch/x86/ supports	both i386 and
-	x86_64.
+  ARCH and SRCARCH may not necessarily match. A couple of arch
+  directories are biarch, that is, a single ``arch/*/`` directory supports
+  both 32-bit and 64-bit.
 
-    INSTALL_PATH
-	This variable defines a place for the arch Makefiles to install
-	the resident kernel image and System.map file.
-	Use this for architecture-specific install targets.
+  For example, you can pass in ARCH=i386, ARCH=x86_64, or ARCH=x86.
+  For all of them, SRCARCH=x86 because arch/x86/ supports both i386 and
+  x86_64.
 
-    INSTALL_MOD_PATH, MODLIB
-	$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH) specifies a prefix to $(MODLIB) for module
-	installation.  This variable is not defined in the Makefile but
-	may be passed in by the user if desired.
+INSTALL_PATH
+  This variable defines a place for the arch Makefiles to install
+  the resident kernel image and System.map file.
+  Use this for architecture-specific install targets.
 
-	$(MODLIB) specifies the directory for module installation.
-	The top Makefile defines $(MODLIB) to
-	$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE).  The user may
-	override this value on the command line if desired.
+INSTALL_MOD_PATH, MODLIB
+  $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH) specifies a prefix to $(MODLIB) for module
+  installation.  This variable is not defined in the Makefile but
+  may be passed in by the user if desired.
 
-    INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
-	If this variable is specified, it will cause modules to be stripped
-	after they are installed.  If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then the
-	default option --strip-debug will be used.  Otherwise, the
-	INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the option(s) to the strip
-	command.
+  $(MODLIB) specifies the directory for module installation.
+  The top Makefile defines $(MODLIB) to
+  $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE).  The user may
+  override this value on the command line if desired.
 
+INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
+  If this variable is specified, it will cause modules to be stripped
+  after they are installed.  If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is "1", then the
+  default option --strip-debug will be used.  Otherwise, the
+  INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the option(s) to the strip
+  command.
 
-10 Makefile language
-====================
+Makefile language
+=================
 
 The kernel Makefiles are designed to be run with GNU Make.  The Makefiles
 use only the documented features of GNU Make, but they do use many
@@ -1666,27 +1632,27 @@ GNU extensions.
 
 GNU Make supports elementary list-processing functions.  The kernel
 Makefiles use a novel style of list building and manipulation with few
-"if" statements.
+``if`` statements.
 
-GNU Make has two assignment operators, ":=" and "=".  ":=" performs
+GNU Make has two assignment operators, ``:=`` and ``=``.  ``:=`` performs
 immediate evaluation of the right-hand side and stores an actual string
-into the left-hand side.  "=" is like a formula definition; it stores the
+into the left-hand side.  ``=`` is like a formula definition; it stores the
 right-hand side in an unevaluated form and then evaluates this form each
 time the left-hand side is used.
 
-There are some cases where "=" is appropriate.  Usually, though, ":="
+There are some cases where ``=`` is appropriate.  Usually, though, ``:=``
 is the right choice.
 
-11 Credits
-==========
+Credits
+=======
 
 - Original version made by Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
 - Updates by Kai Germaschewski <kai@tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
 - Updates by Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
 - Language QA by Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
 
-12 TODO
-=======
+TODO
+====
 
 - Describe how kbuild supports shipped files with _shipped.
 - Generating offset header files.
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index a86c34469e10..203c2f141919 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -11085,7 +11085,7 @@ M:	Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
 L:	linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
 S:	Maintained
 Q:	https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-kbuild/list/
-T:	git git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild.git kconfig
+T:	git git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild.git kbuild
 F:	Documentation/kbuild/kconfig*
 F:	scripts/Kconfig.include
 F:	scripts/kconfig/
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 126faecec461..aa26f34a9b52 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -56,26 +56,21 @@ unexport GREP_OPTIONS
 # Beautify output
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
-# Normally, we echo the whole command before executing it. By making
-# that echo $($(quiet)$(cmd)), we now have the possibility to set
-# $(quiet) to choose other forms of output instead, e.g.
+# Most of build commands in Kbuild start with "cmd_". You can optionally define
+# "quiet_cmd_*". If defined, the short log is printed. Otherwise, no log from
+# that command is printed by default.
 #
-#         quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = Compiling $(RELDIR)/$@
-#         cmd_cc_o_c       = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
-#
-# If $(quiet) is empty, the whole command will be printed.
-# If it is set to "quiet_", only the short version will be printed.
-# If it is set to "silent_", nothing will be printed at all, since
-# the variable $(silent_cmd_cc_o_c) doesn't exist.
+# e.g.)
+#    quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD  $(MODLIB)
+#          cmd_depmod = $(srctree)/scripts/depmod.sh $(DEPMOD) $(KERNELRELEASE)
 #
 # A simple variant is to prefix commands with $(Q) - that's useful
 # for commands that shall be hidden in non-verbose mode.
 #
-#	$(Q)ln $@ :<
+#    $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
 #
-# If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 0 then the above command will be hidden.
-# If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 1 then the above command is displayed.
-# If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 2 then give the reason why each target is rebuilt.
+# If KBUILD_VERBOSE contains 1, the whole command is echoed.
+# If KBUILD_VERBOSE contains 2, the reason for rebuilding is printed.
 #
 # To put more focus on warnings, be less verbose as default
 # Use 'make V=1' to see the full commands
@@ -83,16 +78,13 @@ unexport GREP_OPTIONS
 ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line")
   KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V)
 endif
-ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE
-  KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0
-endif
 
-ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
+quiet = quiet_
+Q = @
+
+ifneq ($(findstring 1, $(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),)
   quiet =
   Q =
-else
-  quiet=quiet_
-  Q = @
 endif
 
 # If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of
@@ -100,14 +92,14 @@ endif
 # make-4.0 (and later) keep single letter options in the 1st word of MAKEFLAGS.
 
 ifeq ($(filter 3.%,$(MAKE_VERSION)),)
-silence:=$(findstring s,$(firstword -$(MAKEFLAGS)))
+short-opts := $(firstword -$(MAKEFLAGS))
 else
-silence:=$(findstring s,$(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS)))
+short-opts := $(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS))
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(silence),s)
+ifneq ($(findstring s,$(short-opts)),)
 quiet=silent_
-KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0
+override KBUILD_VERBOSE :=
 endif
 
 export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE
@@ -211,14 +203,6 @@ ifneq ($(words $(subst :, ,$(abs_srctree))), 1)
 $(error source directory cannot contain spaces or colons)
 endif
 
-ifneq ($(abs_srctree),$(abs_objtree))
-# Look for make include files relative to root of kernel src
-#
-# --included-dir is added for backward compatibility, but you should not rely on
-# it. Please add $(srctree)/ prefix to include Makefiles in the source tree.
-MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(abs_srctree)
-endif
-
 ifneq ($(filter 3.%,$(MAKE_VERSION)),)
 # 'MAKEFLAGS += -rR' does not immediately become effective for GNU Make 3.x
 # We need to invoke sub-make to avoid implicit rules in the top Makefile.
@@ -290,7 +274,8 @@ no-dot-config-targets := $(clean-targets) \
 			 cscope gtags TAGS tags help% %docs check% coccicheck \
 			 $(version_h) headers headers_% archheaders archscripts \
 			 %asm-generic kernelversion %src-pkg dt_binding_check \
-			 outputmakefile rustavailable rustfmt rustfmtcheck
+			 outputmakefile rustavailable rustfmt rustfmtcheck \
+			 scripts_package
 # Installation targets should not require compiler. Unfortunately, vdso_install
 # is an exception where build artifacts may be updated. This must be fixed.
 no-compiler-targets := $(no-dot-config-targets) install dtbs_install \
@@ -577,7 +562,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS   := -Wall -Wundef -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
 		   -std=gnu11
 KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__
 KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS := $(rust_common_flags) \
-		    --target=$(objtree)/rust/target.json \
+		    --target=$(objtree)/scripts/target.json \
 		    -Cpanic=abort -Cembed-bitcode=n -Clto=n \
 		    -Cforce-unwind-tables=n -Ccodegen-units=1 \
 		    -Csymbol-mangling-version=v0 \
@@ -878,7 +863,6 @@ KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS-$(CONFIG_WERROR) += -Dwarnings
 KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS += $(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS-y)
 
 ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
-KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -Qunused-arguments
 # The kernel builds with '-std=gnu11' so use of GNU extensions is acceptable.
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-gnu
 else
@@ -921,7 +905,9 @@ ifdef CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero
 ifdef CONFIG_CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER
 # https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/44842
-KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang
+CC_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER := -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang
+export CC_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER
+KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(CC_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER)
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -1267,8 +1253,11 @@ vmlinux: vmlinux.o $(KBUILD_LDS) modpost
 # make sure no implicit rule kicks in
 $(sort $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)): . ;
 
-filechk_kernel.release = \
-	echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
+ifeq ($(origin KERNELRELEASE),file)
+filechk_kernel.release = $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree)
+else
+filechk_kernel.release = echo $(KERNELRELEASE)
+endif
 
 # Store (new) KERNELRELEASE string in include/config/kernel.release
 include/config/kernel.release: FORCE
@@ -1545,7 +1534,7 @@ endif
 # Build modules
 #
 
-# *.ko are usually independent of vmlinux, but CONFIG_DEBUG_INFOBTF_MODULES
+# *.ko are usually independent of vmlinux, but CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
 # is an exception.
 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
 KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1
@@ -1617,7 +1606,7 @@ MRPROPER_FILES += include/config include/generated          \
 		  certs/x509.genkey \
 		  vmlinux-gdb.py \
 		  *.spec \
-		  rust/target.json rust/libmacros.so
+		  rust/libmacros.so
 
 # clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules
 #
@@ -1667,6 +1656,10 @@ distclean: mrproper
 %pkg: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.package $@
 
+PHONY += scripts_package
+scripts_package: scripts_basic
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts scripts/list-gitignored
+
 # Brief documentation of the typical targets used
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1782,8 +1775,9 @@ help:
 		printf "  %-16s - Show all of the above\\n" help-boards; \
 		echo '')
 
-	@echo  '  make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build'
-	@echo  '  make V=2   [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target'
+	@echo  '  make V=n   [targets] 1: verbose build'
+	@echo  '                       2: give reason for rebuild of target'
+	@echo  '                       V=1 and V=2 can be combined with V=12'
 	@echo  '  make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config'
 	@echo  '  make C=1   [targets] Check re-compiled c source with $$CHECK'
 	@echo  '                       (sparse by default)'
@@ -1875,6 +1869,12 @@ rust-analyzer:
 # Misc
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+PHONY += misc-check
+misc-check:
+	$(Q)$(srctree)/scripts/misc-check
+
+all: misc-check
+
 PHONY += scripts_gdb
 scripts_gdb: prepare0
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/gdb
@@ -2046,11 +2046,12 @@ clean: $(clean-dirs)
 		-o -name '*.lex.c' -o -name '*.tab.[ch]' \
 		-o -name '*.asn1.[ch]' \
 		-o -name '*.symtypes' -o -name 'modules.order' \
-		-o -name '.tmp_*' \
 		-o -name '*.c.[012]*.*' \
 		-o -name '*.ll' \
 		-o -name '*.gcno' \
-		-o -name '*.*.symversions' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f
+		-o -name '*.*.symversions' \) -type f -print \
+		-o -name '.tmp_*' -print \
+		| xargs rm -rf
 
 # Generate tags for editors
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2132,7 +2133,7 @@ checkstack:
 	$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(CHECKSTACK_ARCH)
 
 kernelrelease:
-	@echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
+	@$(filechk_kernel.release)
 
 kernelversion:
 	@echo $(KERNELVERSION)
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile b/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
index 988c49672715..713827bef831 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2009 Simtec Electronics
 
-include $(src)/Makefile.s3c64xx
+include $(srctree)/$(src)/Makefile.s3c64xx
 
 # Objects we always build independent of SoC choice
 
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
index ae9ff07de4ab..d7e1cabee2ec 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ELF_CORE)		+= elfcore.o
 CFLAGS_traps.o  += -mfixed-range=f2-f5,f16-f31
 
 # The gate DSO image is built using a special linker script.
-include $(src)/Makefile.gate
+include $(srctree)/$(src)/Makefile.gate
diff --git a/arch/mips/Kbuild b/arch/mips/Kbuild
index 9e8071f0e58f..af2967bffb73 100644
--- a/arch/mips/Kbuild
+++ b/arch/mips/Kbuild
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ subdir-ccflags-y := -Werror
 endif
 
 # platform specific definitions
-include arch/mips/Kbuild.platforms
+include $(srctree)/arch/mips/Kbuild.platforms
 obj-y := $(platform-y)
 
 # make clean traverses $(obj-) without having included .config, so
diff --git a/arch/mips/Makefile b/arch/mips/Makefile
index 490dea07d4e0..04e46ec24319 100644
--- a/arch/mips/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/Makefile
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ all-$(CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORTS_ZBOOT)+= vmlinuz
 # crossformat linking we rely on the elf2ecoff tool for format conversion.
 #
 cflags-y			+= -G 0 -mno-abicalls -fno-pic -pipe
-cflags-y			+= -msoft-float
+cflags-y			+= -msoft-float -Wa,-msoft-float
 LDFLAGS_vmlinux			+= -G 0 -static -n -nostdlib
 KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE		+= -mlong-calls
 KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE		+= -mlong-calls
@@ -104,15 +104,6 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE),y)
 LDFLAGS_vmlinux			+= --emit-relocs
 endif
 
-#
-# pass -msoft-float to GAS if it supports it.  However on newer binutils
-# (specifically newer than 2.24.51.20140728) we then also need to explicitly
-# set ".set hardfloat" in all files which manipulate floating point registers.
-#
-ifneq ($(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-msoft-float,),)
-	cflags-y		+= -DGAS_HAS_SET_HARDFLOAT -Wa,-msoft-float
-endif
-
 cflags-y += -ffreestanding
 
 cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN)		+= -EB
@@ -152,7 +143,7 @@ cflags-y += -fno-stack-check
 #
 # Avoid this by explicitly disabling that assembler behaviour.
 #
-cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-mno-fix-loongson3-llsc,)
+cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-Wa$(comma)-mno-fix-loongson3-llsc,)
 
 #
 # CPU-dependent compiler/assembler options for optimization.
diff --git a/arch/mips/Makefile.postlink b/arch/mips/Makefile.postlink
index 4b1d3ba3a8a2..34e3bd71f3b0 100644
--- a/arch/mips/Makefile.postlink
+++ b/arch/mips/Makefile.postlink
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ PHONY := __archpost
 __archpost:
 
 -include include/config/auto.conf
-include scripts/Kbuild.include
+include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 
 CMD_LS3_LLSC = arch/mips/tools/loongson3-llsc-check
 quiet_cmd_ls3_llsc = LLSCCHK $@
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro-32.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro-32.h
index 1c08c1f7903c..83a4940b7c89 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro-32.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro-32.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 	.macro	fpu_save_single thread tmp=t0
 	.set push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set hardfloat
 	cfc1	\tmp,  fcr31
 	s.d	$f0,  THREAD_FPR0(\thread)
 	s.d	$f2,  THREAD_FPR2(\thread)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
 	.macro	fpu_restore_single thread tmp=t0
 	.set push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set hardfloat
 	lw	\tmp, THREAD_FCR31(\thread)
 	l.d	$f0,  THREAD_FPR0(\thread)
 	l.d	$f2,  THREAD_FPR2(\thread)
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro.h
index ca83ada7015f..1c4438f3f2ab 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/asmmacro.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 
 	.macro	fpu_save_16even thread tmp=t0
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	cfc1	\tmp, fcr31
 	sdc1	$f0,  THREAD_FPR0(\thread)
 	sdc1	$f2,  THREAD_FPR2(\thread)
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 	.set	push
 	.set	mips64r2
 	.set	fp=64
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	sdc1	$f1,  THREAD_FPR1(\thread)
 	sdc1	$f3,  THREAD_FPR3(\thread)
 	sdc1	$f5,  THREAD_FPR5(\thread)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 
 	.macro	fpu_restore_16even thread tmp=t0
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	lw	\tmp, THREAD_FCR31(\thread)
 	ldc1	$f0,  THREAD_FPR0(\thread)
 	ldc1	$f2,  THREAD_FPR2(\thread)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 	.set	push
 	.set	mips64r2
 	.set	fp=64
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	ldc1	$f1,  THREAD_FPR1(\thread)
 	ldc1	$f3,  THREAD_FPR3(\thread)
 	ldc1	$f5,  THREAD_FPR5(\thread)
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
 	.macro	_cfcmsa	rd, cs
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	insn_if_mips 0x787e0059 | (\cs << 11)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x587e0056 | (\cs << 11)
 	move	\rd, $1
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
 	.macro	_ctcmsa	cd, rs
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	move	$1, \rs
 	insn_if_mips 0x783e0819 | (\cd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x583e0816 | (\cd << 6)
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
 	.macro	ld_b	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000820 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58000807 | (\wd << 6)
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
 	.macro	ld_h	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000821 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58000817 | (\wd << 6)
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
 	.macro	ld_w	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000822 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58000827 | (\wd << 6)
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
 	.macro	ld_d	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000823 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58000837 | (\wd << 6)
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
 	.macro	st_b	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000824 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x5800080f | (\wd << 6)
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@
 	.macro	st_h	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000825 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x5800081f | (\wd << 6)
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
 	.macro	st_w	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000826 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x5800082f | (\wd << 6)
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
 	.macro	st_d	wd, off, base
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	PTR_ADDU $1, \base, \off
 	insn_if_mips 0x78000827 | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x5800083f | (\wd << 6)
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
 	.macro	copy_s_w	ws, n
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	insn_if_mips 0x78b00059 | (\n << 16) | (\ws << 11)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58b00056 | (\n << 16) | (\ws << 11)
 	.set	pop
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
 	.macro	copy_s_d	ws, n
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	insn_if_mips 0x78b80059 | (\n << 16) | (\ws << 11)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x58b80056 | (\n << 16) | (\ws << 11)
 	.set	pop
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@
 	.macro	insert_w	wd, n
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	insn_if_mips 0x79300819 | (\n << 16) | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x59300816 | (\n << 16) | (\wd << 6)
 	.set	pop
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
 	.macro	insert_d	wd, n
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	insn_if_mips 0x79380819 | (\n << 16) | (\wd << 6)
 	insn32_if_mm 0x59380816 | (\n << 16) | (\wd << 6)
 	.set	pop
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
 	st_d	29, THREAD_FPR29 - FPR_BASE_OFFS, FPR_BASE
 	st_d	30, THREAD_FPR30 - FPR_BASE_OFFS, FPR_BASE
 	st_d	31, THREAD_FPR31 - FPR_BASE_OFFS, FPR_BASE
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	_cfcmsa	$1, MSA_CSR
 	sw	$1, THREAD_MSA_CSR(\thread)
 	.set	pop
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
 	.macro	msa_restore_all	thread
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	lw	$1, THREAD_MSA_CSR(\thread)
 	_ctcmsa	MSA_CSR, $1
 #ifdef TOOLCHAIN_SUPPORTS_MSA
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
 	.macro	msa_init_all_upper
 	.set	push
 	.set	noat
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	not	$1, zero
 	msa_init_upper	0
 	msa_init_upper	1
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/fpregdef.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/fpregdef.h
index f184ba088532..429481f9028d 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/fpregdef.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/fpregdef.h
@@ -14,20 +14,6 @@
 
 #include <asm/sgidefs.h>
 
-/*
- * starting with binutils 2.24.51.20140729, MIPS binutils warn about mixing
- * hardfloat and softfloat object files.  The kernel build uses soft-float by
- * default, so we also need to pass -msoft-float along to GAS if it supports it.
- * But this in turn causes assembler errors in files which access hardfloat
- * registers.  We detect if GAS supports "-msoft-float" in the Makefile and
- * explicitly put ".set hardfloat" where floating point registers are touched.
- */
-#ifdef GAS_HAS_SET_HARDFLOAT
-#define SET_HARDFLOAT .set hardfloat
-#else
-#define SET_HARDFLOAT
-#endif
-
 #if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/mipsregs.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/mipsregs.h
index 99eeafe6dcab..2d53704d9f24 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/mipsregs.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/mipsregs.h
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ do {									\
 /*
  * Macros to access the floating point coprocessor control registers
  */
-#define _read_32bit_cp1_register(source, gas_hardfloat)			\
+#define read_32bit_cp1_register(source)					\
 ({									\
 	unsigned int __res;						\
 									\
@@ -2377,36 +2377,24 @@ do {									\
 	"	# gas fails to assemble cfc1 for some archs,	\n"	\
 	"	# like Octeon.					\n"	\
 	"	.set	mips1					\n"	\
-	"	"STR(gas_hardfloat)"				\n"	\
+	"	.set hardfloat					\n"	\
 	"	cfc1	%0,"STR(source)"			\n"	\
 	"	.set	pop					\n"	\
 	: "=r" (__res));						\
 	__res;								\
 })
 
-#define _write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val, gas_hardfloat)		\
+#define write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val)				\
 do {									\
 	__asm__ __volatile__(						\
 	"	.set	push					\n"	\
 	"	.set	reorder					\n"	\
-	"	"STR(gas_hardfloat)"				\n"	\
+	"	.set hardfloat					\n"	\
 	"	ctc1	%0,"STR(dest)"				\n"	\
 	"	.set	pop					\n"	\
 	: : "r" (val));							\
 } while (0)
 
-#ifdef GAS_HAS_SET_HARDFLOAT
-#define read_32bit_cp1_register(source)					\
-	_read_32bit_cp1_register(source, .set hardfloat)
-#define write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val)				\
-	_write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val, .set hardfloat)
-#else
-#define read_32bit_cp1_register(source)					\
-	_read_32bit_cp1_register(source, )
-#define write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val)				\
-	_write_32bit_cp1_register(dest, val, )
-#endif
-
 #ifdef TOOLCHAIN_SUPPORTS_DSP
 #define rddsp(mask)							\
 ({									\
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/genex.S b/arch/mips/kernel/genex.S
index 3425df6019c0..b6de8e88c1bd 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/genex.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/genex.S
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ NESTED(nmi_handler, PT_SIZE, sp)
 	.set	push
 	/* gas fails to assemble cfc1 for some archs (octeon).*/ \
 	.set	mips1
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	cfc1	a1, fcr31
 	.set	pop
 	.endm
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/r2300_fpu.S b/arch/mips/kernel/r2300_fpu.S
index 2748c55820c2..6c745aa9e825 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/r2300_fpu.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/r2300_fpu.S
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ LEAF(_restore_fp)
  */
 LEAF(_save_fp_context)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	li	v0, 0					# assume success
 	cfc1	t1, fcr31
 	EX2(s.d $f0, 0(a0))
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ LEAF(_save_fp_context)
  */
 LEAF(_restore_fp_context)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	li	v0, 0					# assume success
 	EX(lw t0, (a1))
 	EX2(l.d $f0, 0(a0))
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/r4k_fpu.S b/arch/mips/kernel/r4k_fpu.S
index 2e687c60bc4f..4e8c98517d9d 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/r4k_fpu.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/r4k_fpu.S
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 	.macro	EX insn, reg, src
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	.set	nomacro
 .ex\@:	\insn	\reg, \src
 	.set	pop
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ LEAF(_init_msa_upper)
  */
 LEAF(_save_fp_context)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	cfc1	t1, fcr31
 	.set	pop
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR2) || \
     defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR5) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR6)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 #if defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR2) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR5)
 	.set	mips32r2
 	.set	fp=64
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ LEAF(_save_fp_context)
 #endif
 
 	.set push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	/* Store the 16 even double precision registers */
 	EX	sdc1 $f0, 0(a0)
 	EX	sdc1 $f2, 16(a0)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ LEAF(_restore_fp_context)
 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR2) || \
     defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR5) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR6)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 #if defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR2) || defined(CONFIG_CPU_MIPSR5)
 	.set	mips32r2
 	.set	fp=64
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ LEAF(_restore_fp_context)
 1:	.set pop
 #endif
 	.set push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set hardfloat
 	EX	ldc1 $f0, 0(a0)
 	EX	ldc1 $f2, 16(a0)
 	EX	ldc1 $f4, 32(a0)
diff --git a/arch/mips/kvm/fpu.S b/arch/mips/kvm/fpu.S
index 16f17c6390dd..eb2e8cc3532f 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kvm/fpu.S
+++ b/arch/mips/kvm/fpu.S
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 LEAF(__kvm_save_fpu)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	.set	fp=64
 	mfc0	t0, CP0_STATUS
 	sll     t0, t0, 5			# is Status.FR set?
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ LEAF(__kvm_save_fpu)
 
 LEAF(__kvm_restore_fpu)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	.set	fp=64
 	mfc0	t0, CP0_STATUS
 	sll     t0, t0, 5			# is Status.FR set?
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ LEAF(__kvm_restore_fpu)
 
 LEAF(__kvm_restore_fcsr)
 	.set	push
-	SET_HARDFLOAT
+	.set	hardfloat
 	lw	t0, VCPU_FCR31(a0)
 	/*
 	 * The ctc1 must stay at this offset in __kvm_restore_fcsr.
diff --git a/arch/mips/loongson2ef/Platform b/arch/mips/loongson2ef/Platform
index eebabf9df6ac..c6f7a4b95997 100644
--- a/arch/mips/loongson2ef/Platform
+++ b/arch/mips/loongson2ef/Platform
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F) += -march=loongson2f
 # binutils does not merge support for the flag then we can revisit & remove
 # this later - for now it ensures vendor toolchains don't cause problems.
 #
-cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2EF)	+= $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-mno-fix-loongson3-llsc,)
+cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2EF)	+= $(call cc-option,-Wa$(comma)-mno-fix-loongson3-llsc,)
 
 # Enable the workarounds for Loongson2f
 ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F_WORKAROUNDS
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/Makefile
index 87d6ac27eebd..e91d7e91347d 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/Makefile
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ aflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LITTLE_ENDIAN)	+= -mlittle-endian
 
 ifeq ($(HAS_BIARCH),y)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -m$(BITS)
-KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= -m$(BITS) -Wl,-a$(BITS)
+KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= -m$(BITS)
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= -m elf$(BITS)$(LDEMULATION)
 endif
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Makefile.postlink b/arch/powerpc/Makefile.postlink
index a6c77f4d32b2..1f860b3c9bec 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/Makefile.postlink
+++ b/arch/powerpc/Makefile.postlink
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ PHONY := __archpost
 __archpost:
 
 -include include/config/auto.conf
-include scripts/Kbuild.include
+include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 
 quiet_cmd_head_check = CHKHEAD $@
       cmd_head_check = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/arch/powerpc/tools/head_check.sh "$(NM)" "$@"
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init_check.sh b/arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init_check.sh
index 311890d71c4c..5a319863f289 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init_check.sh
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init_check.sh
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ do
 	# a leading . on the name, so strip it off here.
 	UNDEF="${UNDEF#.}"
 
-	if [ $KBUILD_VERBOSE ]; then
-		if [ $KBUILD_VERBOSE -ne 0 ]; then
-			echo "Checking prom_init.o symbol '$UNDEF'"
-		fi
-	fi
+	case "$KBUILD_VERBOSE" in
+	*1*)
+		echo "Checking prom_init.o symbol '$UNDEF'" ;;
+	esac
 
 	OK=0
 	for WHITE in $WHITELIST
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
index 3a2f32929fcf..66f723f53be2 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ ifneq ($(c-gettimeofday-y),)
   CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-32.o += -ffreestanding -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
   CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgettimeofday-32.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
   CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgettimeofday-32.o += -mcmodel=medium -mabi=elfv1 -mabi=elfv2 -mcall-aixdesc
+  # This flag is supported by clang for 64-bit but not 32-bit so it will cause
+  # an unused command line flag warning for this file.
+  ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
+  CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgettimeofday-32.o += -fno-stack-clash-protection
+  endif
   CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-64.o += -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
   CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-64.o += $(DISABLE_LATENT_ENTROPY_PLUGIN)
   CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-64.o += $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector)
@@ -48,14 +53,18 @@ UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
 KASAN_SANITIZE := n
 KCSAN_SANITIZE := n
 
-ccflags-y := -shared -fno-common -fno-builtin -nostdlib -Wl,--hash-style=both
-ccflags-$(CONFIG_LD_IS_LLD) += $(call cc-option,--ld-path=$(LD),-fuse-ld=lld)
+ccflags-y := -fno-common -fno-builtin
+ldflags-y := -Wl,--hash-style=both -nostdlib -shared -z noexecstack
+ldflags-$(CONFIG_LD_IS_LLD) += $(call cc-option,--ld-path=$(LD),-fuse-ld=lld)
+# Filter flags that clang will warn are unused for linking
+ldflags-y += $(filter-out $(CC_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER) $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) -Wa$(comma)%, $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
 
-CC32FLAGS := -Wl,-soname=linux-vdso32.so.1 -m32
-AS32FLAGS := -D__VDSO32__ -s
+CC32FLAGS := -m32
+LD32FLAGS := -Wl,-soname=linux-vdso32.so.1
+AS32FLAGS := -D__VDSO32__
 
-CC64FLAGS := -Wl,-soname=linux-vdso64.so.1
-AS64FLAGS := -D__VDSO64__ -s
+LD64FLAGS := -Wl,-soname=linux-vdso64.so.1
+AS64FLAGS := -D__VDSO64__
 
 targets += vdso32.lds
 CPPFLAGS_vdso32.lds += -P -C -Upowerpc
@@ -93,15 +102,15 @@ include/generated/vdso64-offsets.h: $(obj)/vdso64.so.dbg FORCE
 
 # actual build commands
 quiet_cmd_vdso32ld_and_check = VDSO32L $@
-      cmd_vdso32ld_and_check = $(VDSOCC) $(c_flags) $(CC32FLAGS) -o $@ -Wl,-T$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) -z noexecstack ; $(cmd_vdso_check)
+      cmd_vdso32ld_and_check = $(VDSOCC) $(ldflags-y) $(CC32FLAGS) $(LD32FLAGS) -o $@ -Wl,-T$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^); $(cmd_vdso_check)
 quiet_cmd_vdso32as = VDSO32A $@
       cmd_vdso32as = $(VDSOCC) $(a_flags) $(CC32FLAGS) $(AS32FLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
 quiet_cmd_vdso32cc = VDSO32C $@
       cmd_vdso32cc = $(VDSOCC) $(c_flags) $(CC32FLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
 
 quiet_cmd_vdso64ld_and_check = VDSO64L $@
-      cmd_vdso64ld_and_check = $(VDSOCC) $(c_flags) $(CC64FLAGS) -o $@ -Wl,-T$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) -z noexecstack ; $(cmd_vdso_check)
+      cmd_vdso64ld_and_check = $(VDSOCC) $(ldflags-y) $(LD64FLAGS) -o $@ -Wl,-T$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^); $(cmd_vdso_check)
 quiet_cmd_vdso64as = VDSO64A $@
-      cmd_vdso64as = $(VDSOCC) $(a_flags) $(CC64FLAGS) $(AS64FLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+      cmd_vdso64as = $(VDSOCC) $(a_flags) $(AS64FLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
 
 OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD := y
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
index 9e2b95a222a9..34f9542636e9 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ KBUILD_AFLAGS += -DBUILD_VDSO
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DBUILD_VDSO -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
 
 KBUILD_AFLAGS_64 := $(filter-out -m64,$(KBUILD_AFLAGS))
-KBUILD_AFLAGS_64 += -m64 -s
+KBUILD_AFLAGS_64 += -m64
 
 KBUILD_CFLAGS_64 := $(filter-out -m64,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
-KBUILD_CFLAGS_64 += -m64 -fPIC -shared -fno-common -fno-builtin
+KBUILD_CFLAGS_64 += -m64 -fPIC -fno-common -fno-builtin
 ldflags-y := -fPIC -shared -soname=linux-vdso64.so.1 \
 	     --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 -T
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/purgatory/Makefile b/arch/s390/purgatory/Makefile
index d237bc6841cb..32573b4f9bd2 100644
--- a/arch/s390/purgatory/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/purgatory/Makefile
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ KCSAN_SANITIZE := n
 KBUILD_CFLAGS := -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-pointer-sign -Wno-sign-compare
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss -fno-builtin -ffreestanding
-KBUILD_CFLAGS += -c -MD -Os -m64 -msoft-float -fno-common
+KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Os -m64 -msoft-float -fno-common
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-stack-protector
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(CLANG_FLAGS)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-PIE)
diff --git a/arch/sh/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/sh/boot/compressed/Makefile
index 591125c42d49..b5e29f99c02c 100644
--- a/arch/sh/boot/compressed/Makefile
+++ b/arch/sh/boot/compressed/Makefile
@@ -8,13 +8,6 @@
 OBJECTS := head_32.o misc.o cache.o piggy.o \
            ashiftrt.o ashldi3.o ashrsi3.o ashlsi3.o lshrsi3.o
 
-# These were previously generated files. When you are building the kernel
-# with O=, make sure to remove the stale files in the output tree. Otherwise,
-# the build system wrongly compiles the stale ones.
-ifdef building_out_of_srctree
-$(shell rm -f $(addprefix $(obj)/, ashiftrt.S ashldi3.c ashrsi3.S ashlsi3.S lshrsi3.S))
-endif
-
 targets := vmlinux vmlinux.bin vmlinux.bin.gz vmlinux.bin.bz2 \
            vmlinux.bin.lzma vmlinux.bin.xz vmlinux.bin.lzo $(OBJECTS)
 
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/Makefile b/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
index e1dc4292bd22..dee6f66353b3 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/Makefile
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ CFLAGS_null.o = -DDEV_NULL=$(DEV_NULL_PATH)
 
 CFLAGS_xterm.o += '-DCONFIG_XTERM_CHAN_DEFAULT_EMULATOR="$(CONFIG_XTERM_CHAN_DEFAULT_EMULATOR)"'
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/Makefile b/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
index 1c2d4b29a3d4..811188be954c 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_PCI_IOMAP) += ioport.o
 
 USER_OBJS := config.o
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
 
 targets := config.c config.tmp capflags.c
 
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/skas/Makefile b/arch/um/kernel/skas/Makefile
index f3d494a4fd9b..f93972a25765 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/skas/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/skas/Makefile
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ UNPROFILE_OBJS := clone.o
 
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/um/os-Linux/Makefile b/arch/um/os-Linux/Makefile
index 77ac50baa3f8..544e0b344c75 100644
--- a/arch/um/os-Linux/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/os-Linux/Makefile
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ USER_OBJS := $(user-objs-y) elf_aux.o execvp.o file.o helper.o irq.o \
 	main.o mem.o process.o registers.o sigio.o signal.o start_up.o time.o \
 	tty.o umid.o util.o
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/um/os-Linux/drivers/Makefile b/arch/um/os-Linux/drivers/Makefile
index d79e75f1b69a..cf2d75bb1884 100644
--- a/arch/um/os-Linux/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/os-Linux/drivers/Makefile
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ obj-y =
 obj-$(CONFIG_UML_NET_ETHERTAP) += ethertap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_UML_NET_TUNTAP) += tuntap.o
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/Makefile b/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/Makefile
index c4566e788815..75f11989d2e9 100644
--- a/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/os-Linux/skas/Makefile
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ obj-y := mem.o process.o
 
 USER_OBJS := $(obj-y)
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile.um b/arch/x86/Makefile.um
index b3c1ae084180..b89e2e0024c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Makefile.um
+++ b/arch/x86/Makefile.um
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ LDS_EXTRA		:= -Ui386
 export LDS_EXTRA
 
 # First of all, tune CFLAGS for the specific CPU. This actually sets cflags-y.
-include arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu
+include $(srctree)/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu
 
 # prevent gcc from keeping the stack 16 byte aligned. Taken from i386.
 cflags-y += $(call cc-option,-mpreferred-stack-boundary=2)
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
index 1acff356d97a..6b6cfe607bdb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fmacro-prefix-map=$(srctree)/=)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -D__DISABLE_EXPORTS
 # Disable relocation relaxation in case the link is not PIE.
-KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-mrelax-relocations=no)
+KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wa$(comma)-mrelax-relocations=no)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -include $(srctree)/include/linux/hidden.h
 
 # sev.c indirectly inludes inat-table.h which is generated during
diff --git a/arch/x86/tools/Makefile b/arch/x86/tools/Makefile
index bddfc9a46645..90e820ac9771 100644
--- a/arch/x86/tools/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/tools/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 PHONY += posttest
 
-ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
+ifneq ($(findstring 1, $(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),)
   posttest_verbose = -v
 else
   posttest_verbose =
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
index 3d5cd2e57820..ee89f6bb9242 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/Makefile
@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ include/generated/user_constants.h: $(obj)/user-offsets.s FORCE
 UNPROFILE_OBJS := stub_segv.o
 CFLAGS_stub_segv.o := $(CFLAGS_NO_HARDENING)
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/Makefile
index 253bfb8cb702..ae169125d03f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/os-Linux/Makefile
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_64BIT) += prctl.o
 
 USER_OBJS := $(obj-y)
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/certs/extract-cert.c b/certs/extract-cert.c
index 8c1fb9a70d66..70e9ec89d87d 100644
--- a/certs/extract-cert.c
+++ b/certs/extract-cert.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static void drain_openssl_errors(void)
 static const char *key_pass;
 static BIO *wb;
 static char *cert_dst;
-static int kbuild_verbose;
+static bool verbose;
 
 static void write_cert(X509 *x509)
 {
@@ -90,19 +90,22 @@ static void write_cert(X509 *x509)
 	}
 	X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(x509), buf, sizeof(buf));
 	ERR(!i2d_X509_bio(wb, x509), "%s", cert_dst);
-	if (kbuild_verbose)
+	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Extracted cert: %s\n", buf);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *cert_src;
+	char *verbose_env;
 
 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
 	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
 	ERR_clear_error();
 
-	kbuild_verbose = atoi(getenv("KBUILD_VERBOSE")?:"0");
+	verbose_env = getenv("KBUILD_VERBOSE");
+	if (verbose_env && strchr(verbose_env, '1'))
+		verbose = true;
 
         key_pass = getenv("KBUILD_SIGN_PIN");
 
diff --git a/drivers/Makefile b/drivers/Makefile
index 7d01fa2b2b7e..20b118dca999 100644
--- a/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/Makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@
 # Rewritten to use lists instead of if-statements.
 #
 
+# Some driver Makefiles miss $(srctree)/ for include directive.
+ifdef building_out_of_srctree
+MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(srctree)
+endif
+
 obj-y				+= irqchip/
 obj-y				+= bus/
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml/Makefile
index 0ecea87cf48f..9d0f79dff2e3 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml/Makefile
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 # subcomponents.
 
 ifdef CONFIG_X86
-dml_ccflags := -mhard-float -msse
+dml_ccflags-$(CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC) := -mhard-float
+dml_ccflags := $(dml_ccflags-y) -msse
 endif
 
 ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
diff --git a/fs/hostfs/Makefile b/fs/hostfs/Makefile
index d5beaffad43b..587bcd6e50a3 100644
--- a/fs/hostfs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/hostfs/Makefile
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ hostfs-objs := hostfs_kern.o hostfs_user.o
 obj-y :=
 obj-$(CONFIG_HOSTFS) += hostfs.o
 
-include arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
+include $(srctree)/arch/um/scripts/Makefile.rules
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 8a27575895ec..1fb5f313d18f 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -682,10 +682,6 @@ config CPU_ISOLATION
 
 source "kernel/rcu/Kconfig"
 
-config BUILD_BIN2C
-	bool
-	default n
-
 config IKCONFIG
 	tristate "Kernel .config support"
 	help
diff --git a/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh b/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
index 81b97f0f6556..1ef9a87511f5 100755
--- a/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
+++ b/kernel/gen_kheaders.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ set -e
 sfile="$(readlink -f "$0")"
 outdir="$(pwd)"
 tarfile=$1
-cpio_dir=$outdir/$tarfile.tmp
+cpio_dir=$outdir/${tarfile%/*}/.tmp_cpio_dir
 
 dir_list="
 include/
diff --git a/rust/.gitignore b/rust/.gitignore
index 9bd1af8e05a1..168cb26a31b9 100644
--- a/rust/.gitignore
+++ b/rust/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-target.json
 bindings_generated.rs
 bindings_helpers_generated.rs
 exports_*_generated.h
diff --git a/rust/Makefile b/rust/Makefile
index 8a521f2b6422..f88d108fbef0 100644
--- a/rust/Makefile
+++ b/rust/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-always-$(CONFIG_RUST) += target.json
-no-clean-files += target.json
-
 obj-$(CONFIG_RUST) += core.o compiler_builtins.o
 always-$(CONFIG_RUST) += exports_core_generated.h
 
@@ -232,11 +229,6 @@ rusttest-kernel: $(src)/kernel/lib.rs rusttest-prepare \
 	$(call if_changed,rustc_test)
 	$(call if_changed,rustc_test_library)
 
-filechk_rust_target = $(objtree)/scripts/generate_rust_target < $<
-
-$(obj)/target.json: $(objtree)/include/config/auto.conf FORCE
-	$(call filechk,rust_target)
-
 ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
 bindgen_c_flags = $(c_flags)
 else
@@ -332,11 +324,9 @@ $(obj)/exports_kernel_generated.h: $(obj)/kernel.o FORCE
 quiet_cmd_rustc_procmacro = $(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET) P $@
       cmd_rustc_procmacro = \
 	$(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY) $(rust_common_flags) \
-		--emit=dep-info,link --extern proc_macro \
-		--crate-type proc-macro --out-dir $(objtree)/$(obj) \
-		--crate-name $(patsubst lib%.so,%,$(notdir $@)) $<; \
-	mv $(objtree)/$(obj)/$(patsubst lib%.so,%,$(notdir $@)).d $(depfile); \
-	sed -i '/^\#/d' $(depfile)
+		--emit=dep-info=$(depfile) --emit=link=$@ --extern proc_macro \
+		--crate-type proc-macro \
+		--crate-name $(patsubst lib%.so,%,$(notdir $@)) $<
 
 # Procedural macros can only be used with the `rustc` that compiled it.
 # Therefore, to get `libmacros.so` automatically recompiled when the compiler
@@ -349,11 +339,10 @@ quiet_cmd_rustc_library = $(if $(skip_clippy),RUSTC,$(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET)) L
 	OBJTREE=$(abspath $(objtree)) \
 	$(if $(skip_clippy),$(RUSTC),$(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY)) \
 		$(filter-out $(skip_flags),$(rust_flags) $(rustc_target_flags)) \
-		--emit=dep-info,obj,metadata --crate-type rlib \
-		--out-dir $(objtree)/$(obj) -L$(objtree)/$(obj) \
-		--crate-name $(patsubst %.o,%,$(notdir $@)) $<; \
-	mv $(objtree)/$(obj)/$(patsubst %.o,%,$(notdir $@)).d $(depfile); \
-	sed -i '/^\#/d' $(depfile) \
+		--emit=dep-info=$(depfile) --emit=obj=$@ \
+		--emit=metadata=$(dir $@)$(patsubst %.o,lib%.rmeta,$(notdir $@)) \
+		--crate-type rlib -L$(objtree)/$(obj) \
+		--crate-name $(patsubst %.o,%,$(notdir $@)) $< \
 	$(if $(rustc_objcopy),;$(OBJCOPY) $(rustc_objcopy) $@)
 
 rust-analyzer:
@@ -377,7 +366,7 @@ $(obj)/core.o: private skip_clippy = 1
 $(obj)/core.o: private skip_flags = -Dunreachable_pub
 $(obj)/core.o: private rustc_objcopy = $(foreach sym,$(redirect-intrinsics),--redefine-sym $(sym)=__rust$(sym))
 $(obj)/core.o: private rustc_target_flags = $(core-cfgs)
-$(obj)/core.o: $(RUST_LIB_SRC)/core/src/lib.rs $(obj)/target.json FORCE
+$(obj)/core.o: $(RUST_LIB_SRC)/core/src/lib.rs scripts/target.json FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_library)
 
 $(obj)/compiler_builtins.o: private rustc_objcopy = -w -W '__*'
diff --git a/scripts/.gitignore b/scripts/.gitignore
index b7aec8eb1bd4..feb43045d1b1 100644
--- a/scripts/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/.gitignore
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /asn1_compiler
-/bin2c
 /generate_rust_target
 /insert-sys-cert
 /kallsyms
+/list-gitignored
 /module.lds
 /recordmcount
 /sign-file
 /sorttable
+/target.json
 /unifdef
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index 2f7356b2990b..7778cc97a4e0 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ define filechk
 	$(check-FORCE)
 	$(Q)set -e;						\
 	mkdir -p $(dir $@);					\
-	trap "rm -f $(dot-target).tmp" EXIT;			\
-	{ $(filechk_$(1)); } > $(dot-target).tmp;		\
-	if [ ! -r $@ ] || ! cmp -s $@ $(dot-target).tmp; then	\
+	trap "rm -f $(tmp-target)" EXIT;			\
+	{ $(filechk_$(1)); } > $(tmp-target);			\
+	if [ ! -r $@ ] || ! cmp -s $@ $(tmp-target); then	\
 		$(kecho) '  UPD     $@';			\
-		mv -f $(dot-target).tmp $@;			\
+		mv -f $(tmp-target) $@;				\
 	fi
 endef
 
@@ -125,15 +125,15 @@ dtbinst := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.dtbinst obj
 # $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=dir
 clean := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.clean obj
 
-# echo command.
-# Short version is used, if $(quiet) equals `quiet_', otherwise full one.
-echo-cmd = $(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),\
-	echo '  $(call escsq,$($(quiet)cmd_$(1)))$(echo-why)';)
-
-# sink stdout for 'make -s'
-       redirect :=
- quiet_redirect :=
-silent_redirect := exec >/dev/null;
+# pring log
+#
+# If quiet is "silent_", print nothing and sink stdout
+# If quiet is "quiet_", print short log
+# If quiet is empty, print short log and whole command
+silent_log_print = exec >/dev/null;
+ quiet_log_print = $(if $(quiet_cmd_$1), echo '  $(call escsq,$(quiet_cmd_$1)$(why))';)
+       log_print = echo '$(pound) $(call escsq,$(or $(quiet_cmd_$1),cmd_$1 $@)$(why))'; \
+                   echo '  $(call escsq,$(cmd_$1))';
 
 # Delete the target on interruption
 #
@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ delete-on-interrupt = \
 		$(foreach sig, HUP INT QUIT TERM PIPE, \
 			trap 'rm -f $@; trap - $(sig); kill -s $(sig) $$$$' $(sig);))
 
-# printing commands
-cmd = @set -e; $(echo-cmd) $($(quiet)redirect) $(delete-on-interrupt) $(cmd_$(1))
+# print and execute commands
+cmd = @$(if $(cmd_$(1)),set -e; $($(quiet)log_print) $(delete-on-interrupt) $(cmd_$(1)),:)
 
 ###
 # if_changed      - execute command if any prerequisite is newer than
@@ -170,10 +170,14 @@ cmd = @set -e; $(echo-cmd) $($(quiet)redirect) $(delete-on-interrupt) $(cmd_$(1)
 ifneq ($(KBUILD_NOCMDDEP),1)
 # Check if both commands are the same including their order. Result is empty
 # string if equal. User may override this check using make KBUILD_NOCMDDEP=1
-cmd-check = $(filter-out $(subst $(space),$(space_escape),$(strip $(cmd_$@))), \
+# If the target does not exist, the *.cmd file should not be included so
+# $(savedcmd_$@) gets empty. Then, target will be built even if $(newer-prereqs)
+# happens to become empty.
+cmd-check = $(filter-out $(subst $(space),$(space_escape),$(strip $(savedcmd_$@))), \
                          $(subst $(space),$(space_escape),$(strip $(cmd_$1))))
 else
-cmd-check = $(if $(strip $(cmd_$@)),,1)
+# We still need to detect missing targets.
+cmd-check = $(if $(strip $(savedcmd_$@)),,1)
 endif
 
 # Replace >$< with >$$< to preserve $ when reloading the .cmd file
@@ -186,6 +190,8 @@ make-cmd = $(call escsq,$(subst $(pound),$$(pound),$(subst $$,$$$$,$(cmd_$(1))))
 
 # Find any prerequisites that are newer than target or that do not exist.
 # PHONY targets skipped in both cases.
+# If there is no prerequisite other than phony targets, $(newer-prereqs) becomes
+# empty even if the target does not exist. cmd-check saves this corner case.
 newer-prereqs = $(filter-out $(PHONY),$?)
 
 # It is a typical mistake to forget the FORCE prerequisite. Check it here so
@@ -199,7 +205,7 @@ if_changed = $(if $(if-changed-cond),$(cmd_and_savecmd),@:)
 
 cmd_and_savecmd =                                                            \
 	$(cmd);                                                              \
-	printf '%s\n' 'cmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd
+	printf '%s\n' 'savedcmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd
 
 # Execute the command and also postprocess generated .d dependencies file.
 if_changed_dep = $(if $(if-changed-cond),$(cmd_and_fixdep),@:)
@@ -233,13 +239,13 @@ if_changed_rule = $(if $(if-changed-cond),$(rule_$(1)),@:)
 # (5) No dir/.target.cmd file (used to store command line)
 # (6) No dir/.target.cmd file and target not listed in $(targets)
 #     This is a good hint that there is a bug in the kbuild file
-ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),2)
-why =                                                                        \
+ifneq ($(findstring 2, $(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),)
+_why =                                                                        \
     $(if $(filter $@, $(PHONY)),- due to target is PHONY,                    \
         $(if $(wildcard $@),                                                 \
             $(if $(newer-prereqs),- due to: $(newer-prereqs),                \
                 $(if $(cmd-check),                                           \
-                    $(if $(cmd_$@),- due to command line change,             \
+                    $(if $(savedcmd_$@),- due to command line change,        \
                         $(if $(filter $@, $(targets)),                       \
                             - due to missing .cmd file,                      \
                             - due to $(notdir $@) not in $$(targets)         \
@@ -251,7 +257,7 @@ why =                                                                        \
          )                                                                   \
      )
 
-echo-why = $(call escsq, $(strip $(why)))
+why = $(space)$(strip $(_why))
 endif
 
 ###############################################################################
diff --git a/scripts/Kconfig.include b/scripts/Kconfig.include
index 274125307ebd..5a84b6443875 100644
--- a/scripts/Kconfig.include
+++ b/scripts/Kconfig.include
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ld-option = $(success,$(LD) -v $(1))
 
 # $(as-instr,<instr>)
 # Return y if the assembler supports <instr>, n otherwise
-as-instr = $(success,printf "%b\n" "$(1)" | $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) -c -x assembler -o /dev/null -)
+as-instr = $(success,printf "%b\n" "$(1)" | $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) -c -x assembler-with-cpp -o /dev/null -)
 
 # check if $(CC) and $(LD) exist
 $(error-if,$(failure,command -v $(CC)),C compiler '$(CC)' not found)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
index 1575af84d557..e8917975905c 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/Makefile
@@ -3,15 +3,20 @@
 # scripts contains sources for various helper programs used throughout
 # the kernel for the build process.
 
-hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_BUILD_BIN2C)			+= bin2c
 hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS)			+= kallsyms
 hostprogs-always-$(BUILD_C_RECORDMCOUNT)		+= recordmcount
 hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT)		+= sorttable
 hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_ASN1)				+= asn1_compiler
 hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORMAT)		+= sign-file
 hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE)	+= insert-sys-cert
-hostprogs-always-$(CONFIG_RUST)				+= generate_rust_target
+always-$(CONFIG_RUST)					+= target.json
 
+filechk_rust_target = $< < include/config/auto.conf
+
+$(obj)/target.json: scripts/generate_rust_target include/config/auto.conf FORCE
+	$(call filechk,rust_target)
+
+hostprogs += generate_rust_target
 generate_rust_target-rust := y
 
 HOSTCFLAGS_sorttable.o = -I$(srctree)/tools/include
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ HOSTCFLAGS_sorttable.o += -DMCOUNT_SORT_ENABLED
 endif
 
 # The following programs are only built on demand
-hostprogs += unifdef
+hostprogs += list-gitignored unifdef
 
 # The module linker script is preprocessed on demand
 targets += module.lds
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
index a0d5c6cca76d..76323201232a 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.build
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
@@ -285,12 +285,9 @@ rust_common_cmd = \
 	-Zcrate-attr=no_std \
 	-Zcrate-attr='feature($(rust_allowed_features))' \
 	--extern alloc --extern kernel \
-	--crate-type rlib --out-dir $(obj) -L $(objtree)/rust/ \
-	--crate-name $(basename $(notdir $@))
-
-rust_handle_depfile = \
-	mv $(obj)/$(basename $(notdir $@)).d $(depfile); \
-	sed -i '/^\#/d' $(depfile)
+	--crate-type rlib -L $(objtree)/rust/ \
+	--crate-name $(basename $(notdir $@)) \
+	--emit=dep-info=$(depfile)
 
 # `--emit=obj`, `--emit=asm` and `--emit=llvm-ir` imply a single codegen unit
 # will be used. We explicitly request `-Ccodegen-units=1` in any case, and
@@ -301,34 +298,27 @@ rust_handle_depfile = \
 # would not match each other.
 
 quiet_cmd_rustc_o_rs = $(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET) $(quiet_modtag) $@
-      cmd_rustc_o_rs = \
-	$(rust_common_cmd) --emit=dep-info,obj $<; \
-	$(rust_handle_depfile)
+      cmd_rustc_o_rs = $(rust_common_cmd) --emit=obj=$@ $<
 
 $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.rs FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_o_rs)
 
 quiet_cmd_rustc_rsi_rs = $(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET) $(quiet_modtag) $@
       cmd_rustc_rsi_rs = \
-	$(rust_common_cmd) --emit=dep-info -Zunpretty=expanded $< >$@; \
-	command -v $(RUSTFMT) >/dev/null && $(RUSTFMT) $@; \
-	$(rust_handle_depfile)
+	$(rust_common_cmd) -Zunpretty=expanded $< >$@; \
+	command -v $(RUSTFMT) >/dev/null && $(RUSTFMT) $@
 
 $(obj)/%.rsi: $(src)/%.rs FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_rsi_rs)
 
 quiet_cmd_rustc_s_rs = $(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET) $(quiet_modtag) $@
-      cmd_rustc_s_rs = \
-	$(rust_common_cmd) --emit=dep-info,asm $<; \
-	$(rust_handle_depfile)
+      cmd_rustc_s_rs = $(rust_common_cmd) --emit=asm=$@ $<
 
 $(obj)/%.s: $(src)/%.rs FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_s_rs)
 
 quiet_cmd_rustc_ll_rs = $(RUSTC_OR_CLIPPY_QUIET) $(quiet_modtag) $@
-      cmd_rustc_ll_rs = \
-	$(rust_common_cmd) --emit=dep-info,llvm-ir $<; \
-	$(rust_handle_depfile)
+      cmd_rustc_ll_rs = $(rust_common_cmd) --emit=llvm-ir=$@ $<
 
 $(obj)/%.ll: $(src)/%.rs FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,rustc_ll_rs)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.clang b/scripts/Makefile.clang
index 87285b76adb2..70b354fa1cb4 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.clang
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.clang
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ endif
 # so they can be implemented or wrapped in cc-option.
 CLANG_FLAGS	+= -Werror=unknown-warning-option
 CLANG_FLAGS	+= -Werror=ignored-optimization-argument
+CLANG_FLAGS	+= -Werror=option-ignored
+CLANG_FLAGS	+= -Werror=unused-command-line-argument
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(CLANG_FLAGS)
 KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= $(CLANG_FLAGS)
 export CLANG_FLAGS
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.compiler b/scripts/Makefile.compiler
index 3d8adfd34af1..7aa1fbc4aafe 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.compiler
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.compiler
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ try-run = $(shell set -e;		\
 	fi)
 
 # as-option
-# Usage: cflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=foo,)
+# Usage: aflags-y += $(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-isa=foo,)
 
 as-option = $(call try-run,\
-	$(CC) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) $(1) -c -x assembler /dev/null -o "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
+	$(CC) -Werror $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) $(1) -c -x assembler-with-cpp /dev/null -o "$$TMP",$(1),$(2))
 
 # as-instr
-# Usage: cflags-y += $(call as-instr,instr,option1,option2)
+# Usage: aflags-y += $(call as-instr,instr,option1,option2)
 
 as-instr = $(call try-run,\
-	printf "%b\n" "$(1)" | $(CC) $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) -c -x assembler -o "$$TMP" -,$(2),$(3))
+	printf "%b\n" "$(1)" | $(CC) -Werror $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) -c -x assembler-with-cpp -o "$$TMP" -,$(2),$(3))
 
 # __cc-option
 # Usage: MY_CFLAGS += $(call __cc-option,$(CC),$(MY_CFLAGS),-march=winchip-c6,-march=i586)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.host b/scripts/Makefile.host
index da133780b751..7aea9005e497 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.host
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.host
@@ -80,25 +80,24 @@ host-rust	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(host-rust))
 #####
 # Handle options to gcc. Support building with separate output directory
 
-_hostc_flags   = $(KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS)   $(HOST_EXTRACFLAGS)   \
+hostc_flags    = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) \
+                 $(KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS) $(HOST_EXTRACFLAGS) \
                  $(HOSTCFLAGS_$(target-stem).o)
-_hostcxx_flags = $(KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS) $(HOST_EXTRACXXFLAGS) \
+hostcxx_flags  = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) \
+                 $(KBUILD_HOSTCXXFLAGS) $(HOST_EXTRACXXFLAGS) \
                  $(HOSTCXXFLAGS_$(target-stem).o)
-_hostrust_flags = $(KBUILD_HOSTRUSTFLAGS) $(HOST_EXTRARUSTFLAGS) \
-                  $(HOSTRUSTFLAGS_$(target-stem))
+hostrust_flags = --emit=dep-info=$(depfile) \
+                 $(KBUILD_HOSTRUSTFLAGS) $(HOST_EXTRARUSTFLAGS) \
+                 $(HOSTRUSTFLAGS_$(target-stem))
 
 # $(objtree)/$(obj) for including generated headers from checkin source files
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 ifdef building_out_of_srctree
-_hostc_flags   += -I $(objtree)/$(obj)
-_hostcxx_flags += -I $(objtree)/$(obj)
+hostc_flags   += -I $(objtree)/$(obj)
+hostcxx_flags += -I $(objtree)/$(obj)
 endif
 endif
 
-hostc_flags    = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(_hostc_flags)
-hostcxx_flags  = -Wp,-MMD,$(depfile) $(_hostcxx_flags)
-hostrust_flags = $(_hostrust_flags)
-
 #####
 # Compile programs on the host
 
@@ -149,10 +148,7 @@ $(host-cxxobjs): $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.cc FORCE
 # host-rust -> Executable
 quiet_cmd_host-rust	= HOSTRUSTC $@
       cmd_host-rust	= \
-	$(HOSTRUSTC) $(hostrust_flags) --emit=dep-info,link \
-		--out-dir=$(obj)/ $<; \
-	mv $(obj)/$(target-stem).d $(depfile); \
-	sed -i '/^\#/d' $(depfile)
+	$(HOSTRUSTC) $(hostrust_flags) --emit=link=$@ $<
 $(host-rust): $(obj)/%: $(src)/%.rs FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,host-rust)
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
index 4a4a5f67c1a6..100a386fcd71 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
@@ -368,40 +368,25 @@ DTC_FLAGS += $(DTC_FLAGS_$(basetarget))
 DTC_FLAGS += $(if $(filter $(patsubst $(obj)/%,%,$@), $(base-dtb-y)), -@)
 
 # Generate an assembly file to wrap the output of the device tree compiler
-quiet_cmd_dt_S_dtb= DTBS    $@
-cmd_dt_S_dtb=						\
-{							\
-	echo '\#include <asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h>'; 	\
-	echo '.section .dtb.init.rodata,"a"';		\
-	echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT';		\
-	echo '.global __dtb_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_begin';	\
-	echo '__dtb_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_begin:';		\
-	echo '.incbin "$<" ';				\
-	echo '__dtb_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_end:';		\
-	echo '.global __dtb_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_end';	\
-	echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT'; 		\
-} > $@
+quiet_cmd_wrap_S_dtb = WRAP    $@
+      cmd_wrap_S_dtb = {								\
+		symbase=__$(patsubst .%,%,$(suffix $<))_$(subst -,_,$(notdir $*));	\
+		echo '\#include <asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h>';				\
+		echo '.section .dtb.init.rodata,"a"';					\
+		echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT';					\
+		echo ".global $${symbase}_begin";					\
+		echo "$${symbase}_begin:";						\
+		echo '.incbin "$<" ';							\
+		echo ".global $${symbase}_end";						\
+		echo "$${symbase}_end:";						\
+		echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT';					\
+	} > $@
 
 $(obj)/%.dtb.S: $(obj)/%.dtb FORCE
-	$(call if_changed,dt_S_dtb)
-
-# Generate an assembly file to wrap the output of the device tree compiler
-quiet_cmd_dt_S_dtbo= DTBOS   $@
-cmd_dt_S_dtbo=						\
-{							\
-	echo '\#include <asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h>';	\
-	echo '.section .dtb.init.rodata,"a"';		\
-	echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT';		\
-	echo '.global __dtbo_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_begin';	\
-	echo '__dtbo_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_begin:';	\
-	echo '.incbin "$<" ';				\
-	echo '__dtbo_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_end:';		\
-	echo '.global __dtbo_$(subst -,_,$(*F))_end';	\
-	echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT';		\
-} > $@
+	$(call if_changed,wrap_S_dtb)
 
 $(obj)/%.dtbo.S: $(obj)/%.dtbo FORCE
-	$(call if_changed,dt_S_dtbo)
+	$(call if_changed,wrap_S_dtb)
 
 quiet_cmd_dtc = DTC     $@
 cmd_dtc = $(HOSTCC) -E $(dtc_cpp_flags) -x assembler-with-cpp -o $(dtc-tmp) $< ; \
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
index a30d5b08eee9..4703f652c009 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ newer_prereqs_except = $(filter-out $(PHONY) $(1),$?)
 # Same as if_changed, but allows to exclude specified extra dependencies
 if_changed_except = $(if $(call newer_prereqs_except,$(2))$(cmd-check),      \
 	$(cmd);                                                              \
-	printf '%s\n' 'cmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd, @:)
+	printf '%s\n' 'savedcmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd, @:)
 
 # Re-generate module BTFs if either module's .ko or vmlinux changed
 %.ko: %.o %.mod.o scripts/module.lds $(and $(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES),$(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) FORCE
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
index 43343e13c542..0980c58d8afc 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
@@ -121,16 +121,14 @@ modpost-args += -e $(addprefix -i , $(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS))
 
 endif # ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 
-ifneq ($(missing-input),)
-modpost-args += -w
-endif
-
 quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $@
       cmd_modpost = \
 	$(if $(missing-input), \
 		echo >&2 "WARNING: $(missing-input) is missing."; \
 		echo >&2 "         Modules may not have dependencies or modversions."; \
-		echo >&2 "         You may get many unresolved symbol warnings.";) \
+		echo >&2 "         You may get many unresolved symbol errors."; \
+		echo >&2 "         You can set KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN=1 to turn errors into warning"; \
+		echo >&2 "         if you want to proceed at your own risk.";) \
 	$(MODPOST) $(modpost-args)
 
 targets += $(output-symdump)
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.package b/scripts/Makefile.package
index 525a2820976f..b941e6341b36 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.package
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.package
@@ -3,36 +3,13 @@
 
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 
-# RPM target
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# The rpm target generates two rpm files:
-# /usr/src/packages/SRPMS/kernel-2.6.7rc2-1.src.rpm
-# /usr/src/packages/RPMS/i386/kernel-2.6.7rc2-1.<arch>.rpm
-# The src.rpm files includes all source for the kernel being built
-# The <arch>.rpm includes kernel configuration, modules etc.
-#
-# Process to create the rpm files
-# a) clean the kernel
-# b) Generate .spec file
-# c) Build a tar ball, using symlink to make kernel version
-#    first entry in the path
-# d) and pack the result to a tar.gz file
-# e) generate the rpm files, based on kernel.spec
-# - Use /. to avoid tar packing just the symlink
-
-# Note that the rpm-pkg target cannot be used with KBUILD_OUTPUT,
-# but the binrpm-pkg target can; for some reason O= gets ignored.
-
-# Remove hyphens since they have special meaning in RPM filenames
 KERNELPATH := kernel-$(subst -,_,$(KERNELRELEASE))
-KDEB_SOURCENAME ?= linux-upstream
 KBUILD_PKG_ROOTCMD ?="fakeroot -u"
-export KDEB_SOURCENAME
 # Include only those top-level files that are needed by make, plus the GPL copy
 TAR_CONTENT := Documentation LICENSES arch block certs crypto drivers fs \
                include init io_uring ipc kernel lib mm net rust \
                samples scripts security sound tools usr virt \
-               .config .scmversion Makefile \
+               .config Makefile \
                Kbuild Kconfig COPYING $(wildcard localversion*)
 MKSPEC     := $(srctree)/scripts/package/mkspec
 
@@ -42,35 +19,77 @@ if test "$(objtree)" != "$(srctree)"; then \
 	echo >&2; \
 	echo >&2 "  ERROR:"; \
 	echo >&2 "  Building source tarball is not possible outside the"; \
-	echo >&2 "  kernel source tree. Don't set KBUILD_OUTPUT, or use the"; \
-	echo >&2 "  binrpm-pkg or bindeb-pkg target instead."; \
+	echo >&2 "  kernel source tree. Don't set KBUILD_OUTPUT"; \
 	echo >&2; \
 	false; \
 fi ; \
-$(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion --save-scmversion; \
 tar -I $(KGZIP) -c $(RCS_TAR_IGNORE) -f $(2).tar.gz \
-	--transform 's:^:$(2)/:S' $(TAR_CONTENT) $(3); \
-rm -f $(objtree)/.scmversion
+	--transform 's:^:$(2)/:S' $(TAR_CONTENT) $(3)
+
+# .tmp_filelist .tmp_filelist_exclude
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+scripts/list-gitignored: FORCE
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile scripts_package
+
+# 1f5d3a6b6532e25a5cdf1f311956b2b03d343a48 removed '*.rej' from .gitignore,
+# but it is definitely a generated file.
+filechk_filelist = \
+	$< --exclude='*.rej' --output=$@_exclude --prefix=./ --rootdir=$(srctree) --stat=-
+
+.tmp_filelist: scripts/list-gitignored FORCE
+	$(call filechk,filelist)
+
+# tarball
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+quiet_cmd_tar = TAR     $@
+      cmd_tar = tar -c -f $@ $(tar-compress-opt) $(tar-exclude-opt) \
+                --owner=0 --group=0 --sort=name \
+                --transform 's:^\.:$*:S' -C $(tar-rootdir) .
+
+tar-rootdir := $(srctree)
+
+%.tar:
+	$(call cmd,tar)
+
+%.tar.gz: private tar-compress-opt := -I $(KGZIP)
+%.tar.gz:
+	$(call cmd,tar)
+
+%.tar.bz2: private tar-compress-opt := -I $(KBZIP2)
+%.tar.bz2:
+	$(call cmd,tar)
+
+%.tar.xz: private tar-compress-opt := -I $(XZ)
+%.tar.xz:
+	$(call cmd,tar)
+
+%.tar.zst: private tar-compress-opt := -I $(ZSTD)
+%.tar.zst:
+	$(call cmd,tar)
+
+# Linux source tarball
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+linux.tar.gz: tar-exclude-opt = --exclude=./$@ --exclude-from=$<_exclude
+linux.tar.gz: .tmp_filelist
 
 # rpm-pkg
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PHONY += rpm-pkg
-rpm-pkg:
-	$(MAKE) clean
-	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(MKSPEC) >$(objtree)/kernel.spec
-	$(call cmd,src_tar,$(KERNELPATH),kernel.spec)
-	+rpmbuild $(RPMOPTS) --target $(UTS_MACHINE)-linux -ta $(KERNELPATH).tar.gz \
+rpm-pkg: srpm = $(shell rpmspec --srpm --query --queryformat='%{name}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.src.rpm' kernel.spec)
+rpm-pkg: srcrpm-pkg
+	+rpmbuild $(RPMOPTS) --target $(UTS_MACHINE)-linux -rb $(srpm) \
 	--define='_smp_mflags %{nil}'
 
 # srcrpm-pkg
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PHONY += srcrpm-pkg
-srcrpm-pkg:
-	$(MAKE) clean
+srcrpm-pkg: linux.tar.gz
 	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(MKSPEC) >$(objtree)/kernel.spec
-	$(call cmd,src_tar,$(KERNELPATH),kernel.spec)
-	+rpmbuild $(RPMOPTS) --target $(UTS_MACHINE)-linux -ts $(KERNELPATH).tar.gz \
-	--define='_smp_mflags %{nil}' --define='_srcrpmdir $(srctree)'
+	+rpmbuild $(RPMOPTS) --target $(UTS_MACHINE)-linux -bs kernel.spec \
+	--define='_smp_mflags %{nil}' --define='_sourcedir .' --define='_srcrpmdir .'
 
 # binrpm-pkg
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -81,18 +100,30 @@ binrpm-pkg:
 	+rpmbuild $(RPMOPTS) --define "_builddir $(objtree)" --target \
 		$(UTS_MACHINE)-linux -bb $(objtree)/binkernel.spec
 
+quiet_cmd_debianize = GEN     $@
+      cmd_debianize = $(srctree)/scripts/package/mkdebian
+
+debian: FORCE
+	$(call cmd,debianize)
+
+PHONY += debian-orig
+debian-orig: private source = $(shell dpkg-parsechangelog -S Source)
+debian-orig: private version = $(shell dpkg-parsechangelog -S Version | sed 's/-[^-]*$$//')
+debian-orig: private orig-name = $(source)_$(version).orig.tar.gz
+debian-orig: linux.tar.gz debian
+	$(Q)if [ "$(df  --output=target .. 2>/dev/null)" = "$(df --output=target $< 2>/dev/null)" ]; then \
+		ln -f $< ../$(orig-name); \
+	else \
+		cp $< ../$(orig-name); \
+	fi
+
 PHONY += deb-pkg
-deb-pkg:
-	$(MAKE) clean
-	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/package/mkdebian
-	$(call cmd,src_tar,$(KDEB_SOURCENAME))
-	origversion=$$(dpkg-parsechangelog -SVersion |sed 's/-[^-]*$$//');\
-		mv $(KDEB_SOURCENAME).tar.gz ../$(KDEB_SOURCENAME)_$${origversion}.orig.tar.gz
-	+dpkg-buildpackage -r$(KBUILD_PKG_ROOTCMD) -a$$(cat debian/arch) $(DPKG_FLAGS) -i.git -us -uc
+deb-pkg: debian-orig
+	+dpkg-buildpackage -r$(KBUILD_PKG_ROOTCMD) -a$$(cat debian/arch) $(DPKG_FLAGS) \
+		--build=source,binary -nc -us -uc
 
 PHONY += bindeb-pkg
-bindeb-pkg:
-	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/package/mkdebian
+bindeb-pkg: debian
 	+dpkg-buildpackage -r$(KBUILD_PKG_ROOTCMD) -a$$(cat debian/arch) $(DPKG_FLAGS) -b -nc -uc
 
 PHONY += intdeb-pkg
@@ -114,44 +145,77 @@ snap-pkg:
 	cd $(objtree)/snap && \
 	snapcraft --target-arch=$(UTS_MACHINE)
 
-# tarball targets
+# dir-pkg tar*-pkg - tarball targets
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-tar-pkgs := dir-pkg tar-pkg targz-pkg tarbz2-pkg tarxz-pkg tarzst-pkg
-PHONY += $(tar-pkgs)
-$(tar-pkgs):
-	$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile
-	+$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/package/buildtar $@
 
-# perf-pkg - generate a source tarball with perf source
+tar-pkg-tarball = linux-$(KERNELRELEASE)-$(ARCH).$(1)
+tar-pkg-phony = $(subst .,,$(1))-pkg
+
+tar-install: FORCE
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile
+	+$(Q)$(srctree)/scripts/package/buildtar $@
+
+PHONY += dir-pkg
+dir-pkg: tar-install
+	@echo "Kernel tree successfully created in $<"
+
+define tar-pkg-rule
+PHONY += $(tar-pkg-phony)
+$(tar-pkg-phony): $(tar-pkg-tarball)
+	@:
+
+$(tar-pkg-tarball): private tar-rootdir := tar-install
+$(tar-pkg-tarball): tar-install
+endef
+
+$(foreach x, tar tar.gz tar.bz2 tar.xz tar.zst, $(eval $(call tar-pkg-rule,$(x))))
+
+# perf-tar*-src-pkg - generate a source tarball with perf source
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-perf-tar=perf-$(KERNELVERSION)
-
-quiet_cmd_perf_tar = TAR
-      cmd_perf_tar = \
-git --git-dir=$(srctree)/.git archive --prefix=$(perf-tar)/         \
-	HEAD^{tree} $$(cd $(srctree);                               \
-		       echo $$(cat tools/perf/MANIFEST)) \
-	-o $(perf-tar).tar;                                         \
-mkdir -p $(perf-tar);                                               \
-git --git-dir=$(srctree)/.git rev-parse HEAD > $(perf-tar)/HEAD;    \
-(cd $(srctree)/tools/perf;                                          \
-util/PERF-VERSION-GEN $(CURDIR)/$(perf-tar)/);              \
-tar rf $(perf-tar).tar $(perf-tar)/HEAD $(perf-tar)/PERF-VERSION-FILE; \
-rm -r $(perf-tar);                                                  \
-$(if $(findstring tar-src,$@),,                                     \
-$(if $(findstring bz2,$@),$(KBZIP2),                                 \
-$(if $(findstring gz,$@),$(KGZIP),                                  \
-$(if $(findstring xz,$@),$(XZ),                                     \
-$(if $(findstring zst,$@),$(ZSTD),                                  \
-$(error unknown target $@)))))                                      \
-	-f -9 $(perf-tar).tar)
-
-perf-tar-pkgs := perf-tar-src-pkg perf-targz-src-pkg perf-tarbz2-src-pkg \
-		 perf-tarxz-src-pkg perf-tarzst-src-pkg
-PHONY += $(perf-tar-pkgs)
-$(perf-tar-pkgs):
-	$(call cmd,perf_tar)
+perf-tar-src-pkg-tarball = perf-$(KERNELVERSION).$(1)
+perf-tar-src-pkg-phony   = perf-$(subst .,,$(1))-src-pkg
+
+quiet_cmd_stage_perf_src = STAGE   $@
+      cmd_stage_perf_src = \
+	rm -rf $@; \
+	mkdir -p $@; \
+	tar -c -f - --exclude-from=$<_exclude -C $(srctree) --files-from=$(srctree)/tools/perf/MANIFEST | \
+	tar -x -f - -C $@
+
+.tmp_perf: .tmp_filelist
+	$(call cmd,stage_perf_src)
+
+filechk_perf_head = \
+	if test -z "$(git -C $(srctree) rev-parse --show-cdup 2>/dev/null)" && \
+	       head=$$(git -C $(srctree) rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null); then \
+		echo $$head; \
+	else \
+		echo "not a git tree"; \
+	fi
+
+.tmp_perf/HEAD: .tmp_perf FORCE
+	$(call filechk,perf_head)
+
+quiet_cmd_perf_version_file = GEN     $@
+      cmd_perf_version_file = cd $(srctree)/tools/perf; util/PERF-VERSION-GEN $(dir $(abspath $@))
+
+# PERF-VERSION-FILE and HEAD are independent, but this avoids updating the
+# timestamp of PERF-VERSION-FILE.
+# The best is to fix tools/perf/util/PERF-VERSION-GEN.
+.tmp_perf/PERF-VERSION-FILE: .tmp_perf/HEAD $(srctree)/tools/perf/util/PERF-VERSION-GEN
+	$(call cmd,perf_version_file)
+
+define perf-tar-src-pkg-rule
+PHONY += $(perf-tar-src-pkg-phony)
+$(perf-tar-src-pkg-phony): $(perf-tar-src-pkg-tarball)
+	@:
+
+$(perf-tar-src-pkg-tarball): private tar-rootdir := .tmp_perf
+$(perf-tar-src-pkg-tarball): .tmp_filelist .tmp_perf/HEAD .tmp_perf/PERF-VERSION-FILE
+endef
+
+$(foreach x, tar tar.gz tar.bz2 tar.xz tar.zst, $(eval $(call perf-tar-src-pkg-rule,$(x))))
 
 # Help text displayed when executing 'make help'
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -170,10 +234,13 @@ help:
 	@echo '  tarbz2-pkg          - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball'
 	@echo '  tarxz-pkg           - Build the kernel as a xz compressed tarball'
 	@echo '  tarzst-pkg          - Build the kernel as a zstd compressed tarball'
-	@echo '  perf-tar-src-pkg    - Build $(perf-tar).tar source tarball'
-	@echo '  perf-targz-src-pkg  - Build $(perf-tar).tar.gz source tarball'
-	@echo '  perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build $(perf-tar).tar.bz2 source tarball'
-	@echo '  perf-tarxz-src-pkg  - Build $(perf-tar).tar.xz source tarball'
-	@echo '  perf-tarzst-src-pkg - Build $(perf-tar).tar.zst source tarball'
+	@echo '  perf-tar-src-pkg    - Build the perf source tarball with no compression'
+	@echo '  perf-targz-src-pkg  - Build the perf source tarball with gzip compression'
+	@echo '  perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build the perf source tarball with bz2 compression'
+	@echo '  perf-tarxz-src-pkg  - Build the perf source tarball with xz compression'
+	@echo '  perf-tarzst-src-pkg - Build the perf source tarball with zst compression'
+
+PHONY += FORCE
+FORCE:
 
 .PHONY: $(PHONY)
diff --git a/scripts/as-version.sh b/scripts/as-version.sh
index 1a21495e9ff0..af717476152d 100755
--- a/scripts/as-version.sh
+++ b/scripts/as-version.sh
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ orig_args="$@"
 # Get the first line of the --version output.
 IFS='
 '
-set -- $(LC_ALL=C "$@" -Wa,--version -c -x assembler /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null)
+set -- $(LC_ALL=C "$@" -Wa,--version -c -x assembler-with-cpp /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null)
 
 # Split the line on spaces.
 IFS=' '
diff --git a/scripts/asn1_compiler.c b/scripts/asn1_compiler.c
index 71d4a7c87900..7b6756a8c15d 100644
--- a/scripts/asn1_compiler.c
+++ b/scripts/asn1_compiler.c
@@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int fd;
 
 	kbuild_verbose = getenv("KBUILD_VERBOSE");
-	if (kbuild_verbose)
-		verbose_opt = atoi(kbuild_verbose);
+	if (kbuild_verbose && strchr(kbuild_verbose, '1'))
+		verbose_opt = true;
 
 	while (argc > 4) {
 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "-v") == 0)
diff --git a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
index f932aeaba71a..fa562806c2be 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
+++ b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
  *
  * It first generates a line
  *
- *   cmd_<target> = <cmdline>
+ *   savedcmd_<target> = <cmdline>
  *
  * and then basically copies the .<target>.d file to stdout, in the
  * process filtering out the dependency on autoconf.h and adding
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ struct item {
 };
 
 #define HASHSZ 256
-static struct item *hashtab[HASHSZ];
+static struct item *config_hashtab[HASHSZ], *file_hashtab[HASHSZ];
 
 static unsigned int strhash(const char *str, unsigned int sz)
 {
@@ -125,24 +126,10 @@ static unsigned int strhash(const char *str, unsigned int sz)
 }
 
 /*
- * Lookup a value in the configuration string.
- */
-static int is_defined_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
-{
-	struct item *aux;
-
-	for (aux = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ]; aux; aux = aux->next) {
-		if (aux->hash == hash && aux->len == len &&
-		    memcmp(aux->name, name, len) == 0)
-			return 1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
  * Add a new value to the configuration string.
  */
-static void define_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
+static void add_to_hashtable(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash,
+			     struct item *hashtab[])
 {
 	struct item *aux = malloc(sizeof(*aux) + len);
 
@@ -158,16 +145,33 @@ static void define_config(const char *name, int len, unsigned int hash)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Lookup a string in the hash table. If found, just return true.
+ * If not, add it to the hashtable and return false.
+ */
+static bool in_hashtable(const char *name, int len, struct item *hashtab[])
+{
+	struct item *aux;
+	unsigned int hash = strhash(name, len);
+
+	for (aux = hashtab[hash % HASHSZ]; aux; aux = aux->next) {
+		if (aux->hash == hash && aux->len == len &&
+		    memcmp(aux->name, name, len) == 0)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	add_to_hashtable(name, len, hash, hashtab);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
  * Record the use of a CONFIG_* word.
  */
 static void use_config(const char *m, int slen)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = strhash(m, slen);
-
-	if (is_defined_config(m, slen, hash))
-	    return;
+	if (in_hashtable(m, slen, config_hashtab))
+		return;
 
-	define_config(m, slen, hash);
 	/* Print out a dependency path from a symbol name. */
 	printf("    $(wildcard include/config/%.*s) \\\n", slen, m);
 }
@@ -246,80 +250,158 @@ static int is_ignored_file(const char *s, int len)
 	       str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoksyms.h");
 }
 
+/* Do not parse these files */
+static int is_no_parse_file(const char *s, int len)
+{
+	/* rustc may list binary files in dep-info */
+	return str_ends_with(s, len, ".rlib") ||
+	       str_ends_with(s, len, ".rmeta") ||
+	       str_ends_with(s, len, ".so");
+}
+
 /*
  * Important: The below generated source_foo.o and deps_foo.o variable
  * assignments are parsed not only by make, but also by the rather simple
  * parser in scripts/mod/sumversion.c.
  */
-static void parse_dep_file(char *m, const char *target)
+static void parse_dep_file(char *p, const char *target)
 {
-	char *p;
-	int is_last, is_target;
-	int saw_any_target = 0;
-	int is_first_dep = 0;
-	void *buf;
-
-	while (1) {
-		/* Skip any "white space" */
-		while (*m == ' ' || *m == '\\' || *m == '\n')
-			m++;
-
-		if (!*m)
+	bool saw_any_target = false;
+	bool is_target = true;
+	bool is_source = false;
+	bool need_parse;
+	char *q, saved_c;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		/* handle some special characters first. */
+		switch (*p) {
+		case '#':
+			/*
+			 * skip comments.
+			 * rustc may emit comments to dep-info.
+			 */
+			p++;
+			while (*p != '\0' && *p != '\n') {
+				/*
+				 * escaped newlines continue the comment across
+				 * multiple lines.
+				 */
+				if (*p == '\\')
+					p++;
+				p++;
+			}
+			continue;
+		case ' ':
+		case '\t':
+			/* skip whitespaces */
+			p++;
+			continue;
+		case '\\':
+			/*
+			 * backslash/newline combinations continue the
+			 * statement. Skip it just like a whitespace.
+			 */
+			if (*(p + 1) == '\n') {
+				p += 2;
+				continue;
+			}
 			break;
-
-		/* Find next "white space" */
-		p = m;
-		while (*p && *p != ' ' && *p != '\\' && *p != '\n')
+		case '\n':
+			/*
+			 * Makefiles use a line-based syntax, where the newline
+			 * is the end of a statement. After seeing a newline,
+			 * we expect the next token is a target.
+			 */
 			p++;
-		is_last = (*p == '\0');
-		/* Is the token we found a target name? */
-		is_target = (*(p-1) == ':');
-		/* Don't write any target names into the dependency file */
-		if (is_target) {
-			/* The /next/ file is the first dependency */
-			is_first_dep = 1;
-		} else if (!is_ignored_file(m, p - m)) {
-			*p = '\0';
-
+			is_target = true;
+			continue;
+		case ':':
 			/*
-			 * Do not list the source file as dependency, so that
-			 * kbuild is not confused if a .c file is rewritten
-			 * into .S or vice versa. Storing it in source_* is
-			 * needed for modpost to compute srcversions.
+			 * assume the first dependency after a colon as the
+			 * source file.
 			 */
-			if (is_first_dep) {
+			p++;
+			is_target = false;
+			is_source = true;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* find the end of the token */
+		q = p;
+		while (*q != ' ' && *q != '\t' && *q != '\n' && *q != '#' && *q != ':') {
+			if (*q == '\\') {
 				/*
-				 * If processing the concatenation of multiple
-				 * dependency files, only process the first
-				 * target name, which will be the original
-				 * source name, and ignore any other target
-				 * names, which will be intermediate temporary
-				 * files.
+				 * backslash/newline combinations work like as
+				 * a whitespace, so this is the end of token.
 				 */
-				if (!saw_any_target) {
-					saw_any_target = 1;
-					printf("source_%s := %s\n\n",
-					       target, m);
-					printf("deps_%s := \\\n", target);
+				if (*(q + 1) == '\n')
+					break;
+
+				/* escaped special characters */
+				if (*(q + 1) == '#' || *(q + 1) == ':') {
+					memmove(p + 1, p, q - p);
+					p++;
 				}
-				is_first_dep = 0;
-			} else {
-				printf("  %s \\\n", m);
+
+				q++;
 			}
 
-			buf = read_file(m);
-			parse_config_file(buf);
-			free(buf);
+			if (*q == '\0')
+				break;
+			q++;
 		}
 
-		if (is_last)
-			break;
+		/* Just discard the target */
+		if (is_target) {
+			p = q;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		saved_c = *q;
+		*q = '\0';
+		need_parse = false;
 
 		/*
-		 * Start searching for next token immediately after the first
-		 * "whitespace" character that follows this token.
+		 * Do not list the source file as dependency, so that kbuild is
+		 * not confused if a .c file is rewritten into .S or vice versa.
+		 * Storing it in source_* is needed for modpost to compute
+		 * srcversions.
 		 */
-		m = p + 1;
+		if (is_source) {
+			/*
+			 * The DT build rule concatenates multiple dep files.
+			 * When processing them, only process the first source
+			 * name, which will be the original one, and ignore any
+			 * other source names, which will be intermediate
+			 * temporary files.
+			 *
+			 * rustc emits the same dependency list for each
+			 * emission type. It is enough to list the source name
+			 * just once.
+			 */
+			if (!saw_any_target) {
+				saw_any_target = true;
+				printf("source_%s := %s\n\n", target, p);
+				printf("deps_%s := \\\n", target);
+				need_parse = true;
+			}
+		} else if (!is_ignored_file(p, q - p) &&
+			   !in_hashtable(p, q - p, file_hashtab)) {
+			printf("  %s \\\n", p);
+			need_parse = true;
+		}
+
+		if (need_parse && !is_no_parse_file(p, q - p)) {
+			void *buf;
+
+			buf = read_file(p);
+			parse_config_file(buf);
+			free(buf);
+		}
+
+		is_source = false;
+		*q = saved_c;
+		p = q;
 	}
 
 	if (!saw_any_target) {
@@ -343,7 +425,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	target = argv[2];
 	cmdline = argv[3];
 
-	printf("cmd_%s := %s\n\n", target, cmdline);
+	printf("savedcmd_%s := %s\n\n", target, cmdline);
 
 	buf = read_file(depfile);
 	parse_dep_file(buf, target);
diff --git a/scripts/bin2c.c b/scripts/bin2c.c
deleted file mode 100644
index c3d7eef3ad06..000000000000
--- a/scripts/bin2c.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Unloved program to convert a binary on stdin to a C include on stdout
- *
- * Jan 1999 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
- *
- * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	int ch, total = 0;
-
-	if (argc > 1)
-		printf("const char %s[] %s=\n",
-			argv[1], argc > 2 ? argv[2] : "");
-
-	do {
-		printf("\t\"");
-		while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {
-			total++;
-			printf("\\x%02x", ch);
-			if (total % 16 == 0)
-				break;
-		}
-		printf("\"\n");
-	} while (ch != EOF);
-
-	if (argc > 1)
-		printf("\t;\n\n#include <linux/types.h>\n\nconst size_t %s_size = %d;\n",
-		       argv[1], total);
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/scripts/checkkconfigsymbols.py b/scripts/checkkconfigsymbols.py
index 217d21abc86e..36c920e71313 100755
--- a/scripts/checkkconfigsymbols.py
+++ b/scripts/checkkconfigsymbols.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def parse_options():
     return args
 
 
-def main():
+def print_undefined_symbols():
     """Main function of this module."""
     args = parse_options()
 
@@ -467,5 +467,16 @@ def parse_kconfig_file(kfile):
     return defined, references
 
 
+def main():
+    try:
+        print_undefined_symbols()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # Python flushes standard streams on exit; redirect remaining output
+        # to devnull to avoid another BrokenPipeError at shutdown
+        devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)
+        os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())
+        sys.exit(1)  # Python exits with error code 1 on EPIPE
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py b/scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py
index 0227522959a4..15ba56527acd 100755
--- a/scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py
+++ b/scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ _DEFAULT_OUTPUT = 'compile_commands.json'
 _DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'
 
 _FILENAME_PATTERN = r'^\..*\.cmd$'
-_LINE_PATTERN = r'^cmd_[^ ]*\.o := (.* )([^ ]*\.c) *(;|$)'
+_LINE_PATTERN = r'^savedcmd_[^ ]*\.o := (.* )([^ ]*\.c) *(;|$)'
 _VALID_LOG_LEVELS = ['DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL']
 # The tools/ directory adopts a different build system, and produces .cmd
 # files in a different format. Do not support it.
diff --git a/scripts/clang-tools/run-clang-tools.py b/scripts/clang-tools/run-clang-tools.py
index 56f2ec8f0f40..3266708a8658 100755
--- a/scripts/clang-tools/run-clang-tools.py
+++ b/scripts/clang-tools/run-clang-tools.py
@@ -61,14 +61,21 @@ def run_analysis(entry):
 
 
 def main():
-    args = parse_arguments()
+    try:
+        args = parse_arguments()
 
-    lock = multiprocessing.Lock()
-    pool = multiprocessing.Pool(initializer=init, initargs=(lock, args))
-    # Read JSON data into the datastore variable
-    with open(args.path, "r") as f:
-        datastore = json.load(f)
-        pool.map(run_analysis, datastore)
+        lock = multiprocessing.Lock()
+        pool = multiprocessing.Pool(initializer=init, initargs=(lock, args))
+        # Read JSON data into the datastore variable
+        with open(args.path, "r") as f:
+            datastore = json.load(f)
+            pool.map(run_analysis, datastore)
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # Python flushes standard streams on exit; redirect remaining output
+        # to devnull to avoid another BrokenPipeError at shutdown
+        devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)
+        os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())
+        sys.exit(1)  # Python exits with error code 1 on EPIPE
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/scripts/diffconfig b/scripts/diffconfig
index d5da5fa05d1d..43f0f3d273ae 100755
--- a/scripts/diffconfig
+++ b/scripts/diffconfig
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def print_config(op, config, value, new_value):
         else:
             print(" %s %s -> %s" % (config, value, new_value))
 
-def main():
+def show_diff():
     global merge_style
 
     # parse command line args
@@ -129,4 +129,16 @@ def main():
     for config in new:
         print_config("+", config, None, b[config])
 
-main()
+def main():
+    try:
+        show_diff()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # Python flushes standard streams on exit; redirect remaining output
+        # to devnull to avoid another BrokenPipeError at shutdown
+        devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)
+        os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())
+        sys.exit(1)  # Python exits with error code 1 on EPIPE
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/scripts/kernel-doc b/scripts/kernel-doc
index 5cf38abdaf9d..2486689ffc7b 100755
--- a/scripts/kernel-doc
+++ b/scripts/kernel-doc
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ my $declaration_start_line;
 my ($type, $declaration_name, $return_type);
 my ($newsection, $newcontents, $prototype, $brcount, %source_map);
 
-if (defined($ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'})) {
-	$verbose = "$ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'}";
+if (defined($ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'}) && $ENV{'KBUILD_VERBOSE'} =~ '1') {
+	$verbose = 1;
 }
 
 if (defined($ENV{'KCFLAGS'})) {
diff --git a/scripts/list-gitignored.c b/scripts/list-gitignored.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f9941f8dcd2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/list-gitignored.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1057 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+//
+// Traverse the source tree, parsing all .gitignore files, and print file paths
+// that are ignored by git.
+// The output is suitable to the --exclude-from option of tar.
+// This is useful until the --exclude-vcs-ignores option gets working correctly.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2023 Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
+//                      (a lot of code imported from GIT)
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+// Imported from commit 23c56f7bd5f1667f8b793d796bf30e39545920f6 in GIT
+//
+//---------------------------(IMPORT FROM GIT BEGIN)---------------------------
+
+// Copied from environment.c
+
+static bool ignore_case;
+
+// Copied from git-compat-util.h
+
+/* Sane ctype - no locale, and works with signed chars */
+#undef isascii
+#undef isspace
+#undef isdigit
+#undef isalpha
+#undef isalnum
+#undef isprint
+#undef islower
+#undef isupper
+#undef tolower
+#undef toupper
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+static const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#define GIT_SPACE 0x01
+#define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
+#define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
+#define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
+#define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
+#define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
+#define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
+#define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
+#define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
+#define isdigit(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isalpha(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA)
+#define isalnum(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA | GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isprint(x) ((x) >= 0x20 && (x) <= 0x7e)
+#define islower(x) sane_iscase(x, 1)
+#define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
+#define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[(unsigned char)(x)] != -1)
+#define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
+#define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
+
+static inline int sane_case(int x, int high)
+{
+	if (sane_istest(x, GIT_ALPHA))
+		x = (x & ~0x20) | high;
+	return x;
+}
+
+static inline int sane_iscase(int x, int is_lower)
+{
+	if (!sane_istest(x, GIT_ALPHA))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_lower)
+		return (x & 0x20) != 0;
+	else
+		return (x & 0x20) == 0;
+}
+
+// Copied from ctype.c
+
+enum {
+	S = GIT_SPACE,
+	A = GIT_ALPHA,
+	D = GIT_DIGIT,
+	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
+	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
+};
+
+static const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
+	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
+	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
+	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
+	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
+};
+
+// Copied from hex.c
+
+static const signed char hexval_table[256] = {
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 00-07 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 08-0f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 10-17 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 18-1f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 20-27 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 28-2f */
+	  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,		/* 30-37 */
+	  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 38-3f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 40-47 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 48-4f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 50-57 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 58-5f */
+	 -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,		/* 60-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 68-67 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 70-77 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 78-7f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 80-87 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 88-8f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 90-97 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* 98-9f */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a0-a7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* a8-af */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b0-b7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* b8-bf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c0-c7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* c8-cf */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d0-d7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* d8-df */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e0-e7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* e8-ef */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f0-f7 */
+	 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,		/* f8-ff */
+};
+
+// Copied from wildmatch.h
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+// Copied from wildmatch.c
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+// local modification: remove NEGATE_CLASS(2)
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+// local modification: simpilify macros
+#define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#define ISGRAPH(c) (isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#define ISPRINT(c) isprint(c)
+#define ISDIGIT(c) isdigit(c)
+#define ISALNUM(c) isalnum(c)
+#define ISALPHA(c) isalpha(c)
+#define ISCNTRL(c) iscntrl(c)
+#define ISLOWER(c) islower(c)
+#define ISPUNCT(c) ispunct(c)
+#define ISSPACE(c) isspace(c)
+#define ISUPPER(c) isupper(c)
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) isxdigit(c)
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else /* WM_PATHNAME is set */
+					match_slash = 0;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char *)text, '/'))
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			if (p_ch == '^')
+				p_ch = '!';
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == '!' ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+static int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	// local modification: move WM_CASEFOLD here
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
+
+// Copied from dir.h
+
+#define PATTERN_FLAG_NODIR 1
+#define PATTERN_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
+#define PATTERN_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+#define PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
+
+// Copied from dir.c
+
+static int fspathncmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
+}
+
+static int simple_length(const char *match)
+{
+	int len = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *match++;
+		len++;
+		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
+			return len;
+	}
+}
+
+static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+{
+	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
+}
+
+static void parse_path_pattern(const char **pattern,
+			       int *patternlen,
+			       unsigned *flags,
+			       int *nowildcardlen)
+{
+	const char *p = *pattern;
+	size_t i, len;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+	if (*p == '!') {
+		*flags |= PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE;
+		p++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(p);
+	if (len && p[len - 1] == '/') {
+		len--;
+		*flags |= PATTERN_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (p[i] == '/')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == len)
+		*flags |= PATTERN_FLAG_NODIR;
+	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
+	/*
+	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
+	 * but that's one more allocation. Instead just make sure
+	 * nowildcardlen does not exceed real patternlen
+	 */
+	if (*nowildcardlen > len)
+		*nowildcardlen = len;
+	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
+		*flags |= PATTERN_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	*pattern = p;
+	*patternlen = len;
+}
+
+static void trim_trailing_spaces(char *buf)
+{
+	char *p, *last_space = NULL;
+
+	for (p = buf; *p; p++)
+		switch (*p) {
+		case ' ':
+			if (!last_space)
+				last_space = p;
+			break;
+		case '\\':
+			p++;
+			if (!*p)
+				return;
+			/* fallthrough */
+		default:
+			last_space = NULL;
+		}
+
+	if (last_space)
+		*last_space = '\0';
+}
+
+static int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
+			  const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+			  unsigned flags)
+{
+	if (prefix == patternlen) {
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !fspathncmp(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
+			return 1;
+	} else if (flags & PATTERN_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
+		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
+		    !fspathncmp(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
+			return 1;
+	} else {
+		// local modification: call wildmatch() directly
+		if (!wildmatch(pattern, basename, flags))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+			  const char *base, int baselen,
+			  const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen)
+{
+	// local modification: remove local variables
+
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/') {
+		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
+		prefix--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * baselen does not count the trailing slash. base[] may or
+	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
+	 */
+	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    fspathncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+
+	// local modification: simplified because always baselen > 0
+	pathname += baselen + 1;
+	pathlen -= baselen + 1;
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
+		 * remaining pathname, surely it cannot match.
+		 */
+		if (prefix > pathlen)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (fspathncmp(pattern, pathname, prefix))
+			return 0;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
+		pathname += prefix;
+		pathlen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !pathlen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	// local modification: call wildmatch() directly
+	return !wildmatch(pattern, pathname, WM_PATHNAME);
+}
+
+// Copied from git/utf8.c
+
+static const char utf8_bom[] = "\357\273\277";
+
+//----------------------------(IMPORT FROM GIT END)----------------------------
+
+struct pattern {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	int patternlen;
+	int dirlen;
+	char pattern[];
+};
+
+static struct pattern **pattern_list;
+static int nr_patterns, alloced_patterns;
+
+// Remember the number of patterns at each directory level
+static int *nr_patterns_at;
+// Track the current/max directory level;
+static int depth, max_depth;
+static bool debug_on;
+static FILE *out_fp, *stat_fp;
+static char *prefix = "";
+static char *progname;
+
+static void __attribute__((noreturn)) perror_exit(const char *s)
+{
+	perror(s);
+
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void __attribute__((noreturn)) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: ", progname);
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void debug(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!debug_on)
+		return;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "[DEBUG] ");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < depth * 2; i++)
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+
+static void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	ptr = realloc(ptr, size);
+	if (!ptr)
+		perror_exit(progname);
+
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	return xrealloc(NULL, size);
+}
+
+// similar to last_matching_pattern_from_list() in GIT
+static bool is_ignored(const char *path, int pathlen, int dirlen, bool is_dir)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	// Search in the reverse order because the last matching pattern wins.
+	for (i = nr_patterns - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		struct pattern *p = pattern_list[i];
+		unsigned int flags = p->flags;
+		const char *gitignore_dir = p->pattern + p->patternlen + 1;
+		bool ignored;
+
+		if ((flags & PATTERN_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !is_dir)
+			continue;
+
+		if (flags & PATTERN_FLAG_NODIR) {
+			if (!match_basename(path + dirlen + 1,
+					    pathlen - dirlen - 1,
+					    p->pattern,
+					    p->nowildcardlen,
+					    p->patternlen,
+					    p->flags))
+				continue;
+		} else {
+			if (!match_pathname(path, pathlen,
+					    gitignore_dir, p->dirlen,
+					    p->pattern,
+					    p->nowildcardlen,
+					    p->patternlen))
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		debug("%s: matches %s%s%s (%s/.gitignore)\n", path,
+		      flags & PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? "!" : "", p->pattern,
+		      flags & PATTERN_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR ? "/" : "",
+		      gitignore_dir);
+
+		ignored = (flags & PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE) == 0;
+		if (ignored)
+			debug("Ignore: %s\n", path);
+
+		return ignored;
+	}
+
+	debug("%s: no match\n", path);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void add_pattern(const char *string, const char *dir, int dirlen)
+{
+	struct pattern *p;
+	int patternlen, nowildcardlen;
+	unsigned int flags;
+
+	parse_path_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+
+	if (patternlen == 0)
+		return;
+
+	p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p) + patternlen + dirlen + 2);
+
+	memcpy(p->pattern, string, patternlen);
+	p->pattern[patternlen] = 0;
+	memcpy(p->pattern + patternlen + 1, dir, dirlen);
+	p->pattern[patternlen + 1 + dirlen] = 0;
+
+	p->patternlen = patternlen;
+	p->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
+	p->dirlen = dirlen;
+	p->flags = flags;
+
+	debug("Add pattern: %s%s%s\n",
+	      flags & PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? "!" : "", p->pattern,
+	      flags & PATTERN_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR ? "/" : "");
+
+	if (nr_patterns >= alloced_patterns) {
+		alloced_patterns += 128;
+		pattern_list = xrealloc(pattern_list,
+					sizeof(*pattern_list) * alloced_patterns);
+	}
+
+	pattern_list[nr_patterns++] = p;
+}
+
+// similar to add_patterns_from_buffer() in GIT
+static void add_patterns_from_gitignore(const char *dir, int dirlen)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	char path[PATH_MAX], *buf, *entry;
+	size_t size;
+	int fd, pathlen, i;
+
+	pathlen = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/.gitignore", dir);
+	if (pathlen >= sizeof(path))
+		error_exit("%s: too long path was truncated\n", path);
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			return perror_exit(path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+		perror_exit(path);
+
+	size = st.st_size;
+
+	buf = xmalloc(size + 1);
+	if (read(fd, buf, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
+		perror_exit(path);
+
+	buf[st.st_size] = '\n';
+	if (close(fd))
+		perror_exit(path);
+
+	debug("Parse %s\n", path);
+
+	entry = buf;
+
+	// skip utf8 bom
+	if (!strncmp(entry, utf8_bom, strlen(utf8_bom)))
+		entry += strlen(utf8_bom);
+
+	for (i = entry - buf; i < size; i++) {
+		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
+			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
+				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
+				trim_trailing_spaces(entry);
+				add_pattern(entry, dir, dirlen);
+			}
+			entry = buf + i + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+// Save the current number of patterns and increment the depth
+static void increment_depth(void)
+{
+	if (depth >= max_depth) {
+		max_depth += 1;
+		nr_patterns_at = xrealloc(nr_patterns_at,
+					  sizeof(*nr_patterns_at) * max_depth);
+	}
+
+	nr_patterns_at[depth] = nr_patterns;
+	depth++;
+}
+
+// Decrement the depth, and free up the patterns of this directory level.
+static void decrement_depth(void)
+{
+	depth--;
+	assert(depth >= 0);
+
+	while (nr_patterns > nr_patterns_at[depth])
+		free(pattern_list[--nr_patterns]);
+}
+
+static void print_path(const char *path)
+{
+	// The path always starts with "./"
+	assert(strlen(path) >= 2);
+
+	// Replace the root directory with a preferred prefix.
+	// This is useful for the tar command.
+	fprintf(out_fp, "%s%s\n", prefix, path + 2);
+}
+
+static void print_stat(const char *path, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (!stat_fp)
+		return;
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st->st_mode))
+		return;
+
+	assert(strlen(path) >= 2);
+
+	fprintf(stat_fp, "%c %9ld %10ld %s\n",
+		S_ISLNK(st->st_mode) ? 'l' : '-',
+		st->st_size, st->st_mtim.tv_sec, path + 2);
+}
+
+// Traverse the entire directory tree, parsing .gitignore files.
+// Print file paths that are not tracked by git.
+//
+// Return true if all files under the directory are ignored, false otherwise.
+static bool traverse_directory(const char *dir, int dirlen)
+{
+	bool all_ignored = true;
+	DIR *dirp;
+
+	debug("Enter[%d]: %s\n", depth, dir);
+	increment_depth();
+
+	add_patterns_from_gitignore(dir, dirlen);
+
+	dirp = opendir(dir);
+	if (!dirp)
+		perror_exit(dir);
+
+	while (1) {
+		struct dirent *d;
+		struct stat st;
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+		int pathlen;
+		bool ignored;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		d = readdir(dirp);
+		if (!d) {
+			if (errno)
+				perror_exit(dir);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(d->d_name, "..") || !strcmp(d->d_name, "."))
+			continue;
+
+		pathlen = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, d->d_name);
+		if (pathlen >= sizeof(path))
+			error_exit("%s: too long path was truncated\n", path);
+
+		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+			perror_exit(path);
+
+		if ((!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) ||
+		    is_ignored(path, pathlen, dirlen, S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))) {
+			ignored = true;
+		} else {
+			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+				// If all the files in a directory are ignored,
+				// let's ignore that directory as well. This
+				// will avoid empty directories in the tarball.
+				ignored = traverse_directory(path, pathlen);
+			else
+				ignored = false;
+		}
+
+		if (ignored) {
+			print_path(path);
+		} else {
+			print_stat(path, &st);
+			all_ignored = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (closedir(dirp))
+		perror_exit(dir);
+
+	decrement_depth();
+	debug("Leave[%d]: %s\n", depth, dir);
+
+	return all_ignored;
+}
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		"usage: %s [options]\n"
+		"\n"
+		"Show files that are ignored by git\n"
+		"\n"
+		"options:\n"
+		"  -d, --debug                  print debug messages to stderr\n"
+		"  -e, --exclude PATTERN        add the given exclude pattern\n"
+		"  -h, --help                   show this help message and exit\n"
+		"  -i, --ignore-case            Ignore case differences between the patterns and the files\n"
+		"  -o, --output FILE            output the ignored files to a file (default: '-', i.e. stdout)\n"
+		"  -p, --prefix PREFIX          prefix added to each path (default: empty string)\n"
+		"  -r, --rootdir DIR            root of the source tree (default: current working directory)\n"
+		"  -s, --stat FILE              output the file stat of non-ignored files to a file\n",
+		progname);
+}
+
+static void open_output(const char *pathname, FILE **fp)
+{
+	if (strcmp(pathname, "-")) {
+		*fp = fopen(pathname, "w");
+		if (!*fp)
+			perror_exit(pathname);
+	} else {
+		*fp = stdout;
+	}
+}
+
+static void close_output(const char *pathname, FILE *fp)
+{
+	fflush(fp);
+
+	if (ferror(fp))
+		error_exit("not all data was written to the output\n");
+
+	if (fclose(fp))
+		perror_exit(pathname);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	const char *output = "-";
+	const char *rootdir = ".";
+	const char *stat = NULL;
+
+	progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/');
+	if (progname)
+		progname++;
+	else
+		progname = argv[0];
+
+	while (1) {
+		static struct option long_options[] = {
+			{"debug",       no_argument,       NULL, 'd'},
+			{"help",        no_argument,       NULL, 'h'},
+			{"ignore-case", no_argument,       NULL, 'i'},
+			{"output",      required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
+			{"prefix",      required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
+			{"rootdir",     required_argument, NULL, 'r'},
+			{"stat",        required_argument, NULL, 's'},
+			{"exclude",     required_argument, NULL, 'x'},
+			{},
+		};
+
+		int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dhino:p:r:s:x:", long_options, NULL);
+
+		if (c == -1)
+			break;
+
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'd':
+			debug_on = true;
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			usage();
+			exit(0);
+		case 'i':
+			ignore_case = true;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			output = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			prefix = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			rootdir = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			stat = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			add_pattern(optarg, ".", strlen("."));
+			break;
+		case '?':
+			usage();
+			/* fallthrough */
+		default:
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+	}
+
+	open_output(output, &out_fp);
+	if (stat && stat[0])
+		open_output(stat, &stat_fp);
+
+	if (chdir(rootdir))
+		perror_exit(rootdir);
+
+	add_pattern(".git/", ".", strlen("."));
+
+	if (traverse_directory(".", strlen(".")))
+		print_path("./");
+
+	assert(depth == 0);
+
+	while (nr_patterns > 0)
+		free(pattern_list[--nr_patterns]);
+	free(pattern_list);
+	free(nr_patterns_at);
+
+	close_output(output, out_fp);
+	if (stat_fp)
+		close_output(stat, stat_fp);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/scripts/misc-check b/scripts/misc-check
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..d40d5484e0c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/misc-check
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+set -e
+
+# Detect files that are tracked but ignored by git. This is checked only when
+# ${KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN} contains 1, git is installed, and the source tree is
+# tracked by git.
+check_tracked_ignored_files () {
+	case "${KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN}" in
+	*1*) ;;
+	*) return;;
+	esac
+
+	git -C ${srctree:-.} ls-files -i -c --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore 2>/dev/null |
+		sed 's/$/: warning: ignored by one of the .gitignore files/' >&2
+}
+
+check_tracked_ignored_files
diff --git a/scripts/package/builddeb b/scripts/package/builddeb
index 67cd420dcf89..ff5e7d8e380b 100755
--- a/scripts/package/builddeb
+++ b/scripts/package/builddeb
@@ -42,11 +42,9 @@ create_package() {
 	else
 		chown -R root:root "$pdir"
 	fi
-	chmod -R go-w "$pdir"
-	# in case we are in a restrictive umask environment like 0077
-	chmod -R a+rX "$pdir"
-	# in case we build in a setuid/setgid directory
-	chmod -R ug-s "$pdir"
+	# a+rX in case we are in a restrictive umask environment like 0077
+	# ug-s in case we build in a setuid/setgid directory
+	chmod -R go-w,a+rX,ug-s "$pdir"
 
 	# Create the package
 	dpkg-gencontrol -p$pname -P"$pdir"
diff --git a/scripts/package/buildtar b/scripts/package/buildtar
index 4d6f0b128efd..65b4ea502962 100755
--- a/scripts/package/buildtar
+++ b/scripts/package/buildtar
@@ -16,39 +16,7 @@ set -e
 #
 # Some variables and settings used throughout the script
 #
-tmpdir="${objtree}/tar-install"
-tarball="${objtree}/linux-${KERNELRELEASE}-${ARCH}.tar"
-
-
-#
-# Figure out how to compress, if requested at all
-#
-case "${1}" in
-	dir-pkg|tar-pkg)
-		opts=
-		;;
-	targz-pkg)
-		opts="-I ${KGZIP}"
-		tarball=${tarball}.gz
-		;;
-	tarbz2-pkg)
-		opts="-I ${KBZIP2}"
-		tarball=${tarball}.bz2
-		;;
-	tarxz-pkg)
-		opts="-I ${XZ}"
-		tarball=${tarball}.xz
-		;;
-	tarzst-pkg)
-		opts="-I ${ZSTD}"
-		tarball=${tarball}.zst
-		;;
-	*)
-		echo "Unknown tarball target \"${1}\" requested, please add it to ${0}." >&2
-		exit 1
-		;;
-esac
-
+tmpdir=$1
 
 #
 # Clean-up and re-create the temporary directory
@@ -148,21 +116,3 @@ case "${ARCH}" in
 		sleep 5
 		;;
 esac
-
-if [ "${1}" = dir-pkg ]; then
-	echo "Kernel tree successfully created in $tmpdir"
-	exit 0
-fi
-
-#
-# Create the tarball
-#
-if tar --owner=root --group=root --help >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	opts="$opts --owner=root --group=root"
-fi
-
-tar cf $tarball -C $tmpdir $opts $dirs
-
-echo "Tarball successfully created in $tarball"
-
-exit 0
diff --git a/scripts/package/deb-build-option b/scripts/package/deb-build-option
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..b079b0d121d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/package/deb-build-option
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+# Set up CROSS_COMPILE if we are cross-compiling, but not called from the
+# kernel toplevel Makefile
+if [ -z "${CROSS_COMPILE}${cross_compiling}" -a "${DEB_HOST_ARCH}" != "${DEB_BUILD_ARCH}" ]; then
+	echo CROSS_COMPILE=${DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE}-
+fi
+
+version=$(dpkg-parsechangelog -S Version)
+version_upstream="${version%-*}"
+debian_revision="${version#${version_upstream}}"
+debian_revision="${debian_revision#*-}"
+
+echo KERNELRELEASE=${version_upstream}
+echo KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=${debian_revision}
diff --git a/scripts/package/mkdebian b/scripts/package/mkdebian
index 6cf383225b8b..f74380036bb5 100755
--- a/scripts/package/mkdebian
+++ b/scripts/package/mkdebian
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ set_debarch() {
 	fi
 }
 
+rm -rf debian
+
 # Some variables and settings used throughout the script
 version=$KERNELRELEASE
 if [ -n "$KDEB_PKGVERSION" ]; then
 	packageversion=$KDEB_PKGVERSION
-	revision=${packageversion##*-}
 else
-	revision=$($srctree/init/build-version)
-	packageversion=$version-$revision
+	packageversion=$version-$($srctree/init/build-version)
 fi
-sourcename=$KDEB_SOURCENAME
+sourcename=${KDEB_SOURCENAME:-linux-upstream}
 
 if [ "$ARCH" = "um" ] ; then
 	packagename=user-mode-linux
@@ -133,7 +133,24 @@ else
 fi
 
 mkdir -p debian/source/
-echo "1.0" > debian/source/format
+echo "3.0 (quilt)" > debian/source/format
+
+{
+	echo "diff-ignore"
+	echo "extend-diff-ignore = .*"
+} > debian/source/local-options
+
+# Add .config as a patch
+mkdir -p debian/patches
+{
+	echo "Subject: Add .config"
+	echo "Author: ${maintainer}"
+	echo
+	echo "--- /dev/null"
+	echo "+++ linux/.config"
+	diff -u /dev/null "${KCONFIG_CONFIG}" | tail -n +3
+} > debian/patches/config
+echo config > debian/patches/series
 
 echo $debarch > debian/arch
 extra_build_depends=", $(if_enabled_echo CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC libelf-dev:native)"
@@ -225,19 +242,18 @@ srctree ?= .
 
 build-indep:
 build-arch:
-	\$(MAKE) KERNELRELEASE=${version} ARCH=${ARCH} \
-	KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=${revision} -f \$(srctree)/Makefile
+	\$(MAKE) -f \$(srctree)/Makefile ARCH=${ARCH} \
+	\$(shell \$(srctree)/scripts/package/deb-build-option) \
+	olddefconfig all
 
 build: build-arch
 
 binary-indep:
 binary-arch: build-arch
-	\$(MAKE) KERNELRELEASE=${version} ARCH=${ARCH} \
-	KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=${revision} -f \$(srctree)/Makefile intdeb-pkg
-
+	\$(MAKE) -f \$(srctree)/Makefile ARCH=${ARCH} intdeb-pkg
 clean:
-	rm -rf debian/*tmp debian/files
-	\$(MAKE) clean
+	rm -rf debian/files debian/linux-*
+	\$(MAKE) -f \$(srctree)/Makefile ARCH=${ARCH} clean
 
 binary: binary-arch
 EOF
diff --git a/scripts/package/mkspec b/scripts/package/mkspec
index 094e52c979a8..3c550960dd39 100755
--- a/scripts/package/mkspec
+++ b/scripts/package/mkspec
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ EXCLUDES="$RCS_TAR_IGNORE --exclude=*vmlinux* --exclude=*.mod \
 --exclude=*.o --exclude=*.ko --exclude=*.cmd --exclude=Documentation \
 --exclude=.config.old --exclude=.missing-syscalls.d --exclude=*.s"
 
-test -n "$LOCALVERSION" && MAKE="$MAKE LOCALVERSION=$LOCALVERSION"
-
 # We can label the here-doc lines for conditional output to the spec file
 #
 # Labels:
@@ -49,7 +47,8 @@ sed -e '/^DEL/d' -e 's/^\t*//' <<EOF
 	Group: System Environment/Kernel
 	Vendor: The Linux Community
 	URL: https://www.kernel.org
-$S	Source: kernel-$__KERNELRELEASE.tar.gz
+$S	Source0: linux.tar.gz
+$S	Source1: .config
 	Provides: $PROVIDES
 $S	BuildRequires: bc binutils bison dwarves
 $S	BuildRequires: (elfutils-libelf-devel or libelf-devel) flex
@@ -85,12 +84,11 @@ $S$M	This package provides kernel headers and makefiles sufficient to build modu
 $S$M	against the $__KERNELRELEASE kernel package.
 $S$M
 $S	%prep
-$S	%setup -q
-$S	rm -f scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/kconfig/conf
-$S	rm -f tools/objtool/{fixdep,objtool}
+$S	%setup -q -n linux
+$S	cp %{SOURCE1} .
 $S
 $S	%build
-$S	$MAKE %{?_smp_mflags} KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=%{release}
+$S	$MAKE %{?_smp_mflags} KERNELRELEASE=$KERNELRELEASE KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION=%{release}
 $S
 	%install
 	mkdir -p %{buildroot}/boot
diff --git a/scripts/remove-stale-files b/scripts/remove-stale-files
index 64b14aa5aebf..7f432900671a 100755
--- a/scripts/remove-stale-files
+++ b/scripts/remove-stale-files
@@ -21,31 +21,15 @@ set -e
 # then will be really dead and removed from the code base entirely.
 
 rm -f arch/powerpc/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
-
-# These were previously generated source files. When you are building the kernel
-# with O=, make sure to remove the stale files in the output tree. Otherwise,
-# the build system wrongly compiles the stale ones.
-if [ -n "${building_out_of_srctree}" ]; then
-	for f in fdt_rw.c fdt_ro.c fdt_wip.c fdt.c ashldi3.S bswapsdi2.S font.c lib1funcs.S hyp-stub.S
-	do
-		rm -f arch/arm/boot/compressed/${f}
-	done
-
-	for f in uart-ath79.c ashldi3.c bswapdi.c bswapsi.c
-	do
-		rm -f arch/mips/boot/compressed/${f}
-	done
-
-	for f in firmware.c real2.S
-	do
-		rm -f arch/parisc/boot/compressed/${f}
-	done
-fi
-
 rm -f arch/riscv/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
+rm -f arch/x86/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
 
 rm -f scripts/extract-cert
 
-rm -f arch/x86/purgatory/kexec-purgatory.c
-
 rm -f scripts/kconfig/[gmnq]conf-cfg
+
+rm -f rust/target.json
+
+rm -f scripts/bin2c
+
+rm -f .scmversion
diff --git a/scripts/setlocalversion b/scripts/setlocalversion
index af4754a35e66..e54839a42d4b 100755
--- a/scripts/setlocalversion
+++ b/scripts/setlocalversion
@@ -11,16 +11,11 @@
 #
 
 usage() {
-	echo "Usage: $0 [--save-scmversion] [srctree]" >&2
+	echo "Usage: $0 [srctree]" >&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
-scm_only=false
 srctree=.
-if test "$1" = "--save-scmversion"; then
-	scm_only=true
-	shift
-fi
 if test $# -gt 0; then
 	srctree=$1
 	shift
@@ -32,57 +27,69 @@ fi
 scm_version()
 {
 	local short
+	local tag
 	short=false
 
 	cd "$srctree"
-	if test -e .scmversion; then
-		cat .scmversion
-		return
-	fi
 	if test "$1" = "--short"; then
 		short=true
 	fi
 
-	# Check for git and a git repo.
-	if test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	   head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null); then
-
-		# If we are at a tagged commit (like "v2.6.30-rc6"), we ignore
-		# it, because this version is defined in the top level Makefile.
-		if [ -z "$(git describe --exact-match 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-
-			# If only the short version is requested, don't bother
-			# running further git commands
-			if $short; then
-				echo "+"
-				return
-			fi
-			# If we are past a tagged commit (like
-			# "v2.6.30-rc5-302-g72357d5"), we pretty print it.
-			if atag="$(git describe 2>/dev/null)"; then
-				echo "$atag" | awk -F- '{printf("-%05d", $(NF-1))}'
-			fi
-
-			# Add -g and exactly 12 hex chars.
-			printf '%s%s' -g "$(echo $head | cut -c1-12)"
-		fi
+	if test -n "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup 2>/dev/null)"; then
+		return
+	fi
+
+	if ! head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD 2>/dev/null); then
+		return
+	fi
+
+	# If a localversion*' file and the corresponding annotated tag exist,
+	# use it. This is the case in linux-next.
+	tag=${file_localversion#-}
+	tag=$(git describe --exact-match --match=$tag $tag 2>/dev/null)
+
+	# Otherwise, default to the annotated tag derived from KERNELVERSION.
+	#   mainline kernel:  6.2.0-rc5  ->  v6.2-rc5
+	#   stable kernel:    6.1.7      ->  v6.1.7
+	if [ -z "${tag}" ]; then
+		tag=v$(echo "${KERNELVERSION}" | sed -E 's/^([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)\.0(.*)$/\1\2/')
+	fi
+
+	# If we are at the tagged commit, we ignore it because the version is
+	# well-defined.
+	if [ -z "$(git describe --exact-match --match=$tag 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
 
-		# Check for uncommitted changes.
-		# This script must avoid any write attempt to the source tree,
-		# which might be read-only.
-		# You cannot use 'git describe --dirty' because it tries to
-		# create .git/index.lock .
-		# First, with git-status, but --no-optional-locks is only
-		# supported in git >= 2.14, so fall back to git-diff-index if
-		# it fails. Note that git-diff-index does not refresh the
-		# index, so it may give misleading results. See
-		# git-update-index(1), git-diff-index(1), and git-status(1).
-		if {
-			git --no-optional-locks status -uno --porcelain 2>/dev/null ||
-			git diff-index --name-only HEAD
-		} | read dummy; then
-			printf '%s' -dirty
+		# If only the short version is requested, don't bother
+		# running further git commands
+		if $short; then
+			echo "+"
+			return
+		fi
+		# If we are past the tagged commit, we pretty print it.
+		# (like 6.1.0-14595-g292a089d78d3)
+		if atag="$(git describe --match=$tag 2>/dev/null)"; then
+			echo "$atag" | awk -F- '{printf("-%05d", $(NF-1))}'
 		fi
+
+		# Add -g and exactly 12 hex chars.
+		printf '%s%s' -g "$(echo $head | cut -c1-12)"
+	fi
+
+	# Check for uncommitted changes.
+	# This script must avoid any write attempt to the source tree, which
+	# might be read-only.
+	# You cannot use 'git describe --dirty' because it tries to create
+	# .git/index.lock .
+	# First, with git-status, but --no-optional-locks is only supported in
+	# git >= 2.14, so fall back to git-diff-index if it fails. Note that
+	# git-diff-index does not refresh the index, so it may give misleading
+	# results.
+	# See git-update-index(1), git-diff-index(1), and git-status(1).
+	if {
+		git --no-optional-locks status -uno --porcelain 2>/dev/null ||
+		git diff-index --name-only HEAD
+	} | read dummy; then
+		printf '%s' -dirty
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -103,33 +110,29 @@ collect_files()
 	echo "$res"
 }
 
-if $scm_only; then
-	if test ! -e .scmversion; then
-		res=$(scm_version)
-		echo "$res" >.scmversion
-	fi
-	exit
-fi
-
 if ! test -e include/config/auto.conf; then
 	echo "Error: kernelrelease not valid - run 'make prepare' to update it" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
+if [ -z "${KERNELVERSION}" ]; then
+	echo "KERNELVERSION is not set" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
 # localversion* files in the build and source directory
-res="$(collect_files localversion*)"
+file_localversion="$(collect_files localversion*)"
 if test ! "$srctree" -ef .; then
-	res="$res$(collect_files "$srctree"/localversion*)"
+	file_localversion="${file_localversion}$(collect_files "$srctree"/localversion*)"
 fi
 
-# CONFIG_LOCALVERSION and LOCALVERSION (if set)
+# version string from CONFIG_LOCALVERSION
 config_localversion=$(sed -n 's/^CONFIG_LOCALVERSION=\(.*\)$/\1/p' include/config/auto.conf)
-res="${res}${config_localversion}${LOCALVERSION}"
 
-# scm version string if not at a tagged commit
+# scm version string if not at the kernel version tag or at the file_localversion
 if grep -q "^CONFIG_LOCALVERSION_AUTO=y$" include/config/auto.conf; then
 	# full scm version string
-	res="$res$(scm_version)"
+	scm_version="$(scm_version)"
 elif [ "${LOCALVERSION+set}" != "set" ]; then
 	# If the variable LOCALVERSION is not set, append a plus
 	# sign if the repository is not in a clean annotated or
@@ -138,8 +141,7 @@ elif [ "${LOCALVERSION+set}" != "set" ]; then
 	#
 	# If the variable LOCALVERSION is set (including being set
 	# to an empty string), we don't want to append a plus sign.
-	scm=$(scm_version --short)
-	res="$res${scm:++}"
+	scm_version="$(scm_version --short)"
 fi
 
-echo "$res"
+echo "${KERNELVERSION}${file_localversion}${config_localversion}${LOCALVERSION}${scm_version}"
diff --git a/scripts/tags.sh b/scripts/tags.sh
index faf214bcf233..ea31640b2671 100755
--- a/scripts/tags.sh
+++ b/scripts/tags.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # Uses the following environment variables:
 # SUBARCH, SRCARCH, srctree
 
-if [ "$KBUILD_VERBOSE" = "1" ]; then
+if [[ "$KBUILD_VERBOSE" =~ 1 ]]; then
 	set -x
 fi