kernel/linux.git/mm/vmscan.c, branch v5.16

mm: vmscan: reduce throttling due to a failure to make progress -fix

2021-12-31T21:12:55+00:00

Hugh Dickins reported the following My tmpfs swapping load (tweaked to use huge pages more heavily than in real life) is far from being a realistic load: but it was notably slowed down by your throttling mods in 5.16-rc, and this patch makes it well again - thanks. But: it very quickly hit NULL pointer until I changed that last line to if (first_pgdat) consider_reclaim_throttle(first_pgdat, sc); The likely issue is that huge pages are a major component of the test workload. When this is the case, first_pgdat may never get set if compaction is ready to continue due to this check if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_COMPACTION) && sc->order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER && compaction_ready(zone, sc)) { sc->compaction_ready = true; continue; } If this was true for every zone in the zonelist, first_pgdat would never get set resulting in a NULL pointer exception. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211209095453.GM3366@techsingularity.net Fixes: 1b4e3f26f9f75 ("mm: vmscan: Reduce throttling due to a failure to make progress") Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Reported-by: Hugh Dickins Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Mike Galbraith Cc: Darrick J. Wong Cc: Shakeel Butt Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: vmscan: Reduce throttling due to a failure to make progress

2021-12-31T19:17:07+00:00

Mike Galbraith, Alexey Avramov and Darrick Wong all reported similar problems due to reclaim throttling for excessive lengths of time. In Alexey's case, a memory hog that should go OOM quickly stalls for several minutes before stalling. In Mike and Darrick's cases, a small memcg environment stalled excessively even though the system had enough memory overall. Commit 69392a403f49 ("mm/vmscan: throttle reclaim when no progress is being made") introduced the problem although commit a19594ca4a8b ("mm/vmscan: increase the timeout if page reclaim is not making progress") made it worse. Systems at or near an OOM state that cannot be recovered must reach OOM quickly and memcg should kill tasks if a memcg is near OOM. To address this, only stall for the first zone in the zonelist, reduce the timeout to 1 tick for VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS and only stall if the scan control nr_reclaimed is 0, kswapd is still active and there were excessive pages pending for writeback. If kswapd has stopped reclaiming due to excessive failures, do not stall at all so that OOM triggers relatively quickly. Similarly, if an LRU is simply congested, only lightly throttle similar to NOPROGRESS. Alexey's original case was the most straight forward for i in {1..3}; do tail /dev/zero; done On vanilla 5.16-rc1, this test stalled heavily, after the patch the test completes in a few seconds similar to 5.15. Alexey's second test case added watching a youtube video while tail runs 10 times. On 5.15, playback only jitters slightly, 5.16-rc1 stalls a lot with lots of frames missing and numerous audio glitches. With this patch applies, the video plays similarly to 5.15. [lkp@intel.com: Fix W=1 build warning] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/99e779783d6c7fce96448a3402061b9dc1b3b602.camel@gmx.de Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211124011954.7cab9bb4@mail.inbox.lv Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-1-mgorman@techsingularity.net Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211202150614.22440-1-mgorman@techsingularity.net Link: https://linux-regtracking.leemhuis.info/regzbot/regression/20211124011954.7cab9bb4@mail.inbox.lv/ Reported-and-tested-by: Alexey Avramov Reported-and-tested-by: Mike Galbraith Reported-and-tested-by: Darrick J. Wong Reported-by: kernel test robot Acked-by: Hugh Dickins Tracked-by: Thorsten Leemhuis Fixes: 69392a403f49 ("mm/vmscan: throttle reclaim when no progress is being made") Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

2021-11-09T18:11:53+00:00

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton: "87 patches. Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (pagecache and hugetlb), procfs, misc, MAINTAINERS, lib, checkpatch, binfmt, kallsyms, ramfs, init, codafs, nilfs2, hfs, crash_dump, signals, seq_file, fork, sysvfs, kcov, gdb, resource, selftests, and ipc" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (87 commits) ipc/ipc_sysctl.c: remove fallback for !CONFIG_PROC_SYSCTL ipc: check checkpoint_restore_ns_capable() to modify C/R proc files selftests/kselftest/runner/run_one(): allow running non-executable files virtio-mem: disallow mapping virtio-mem memory via /dev/mem kernel/resource: disallow access to exclusive system RAM regions kernel/resource: clean up and optimize iomem_is_exclusive() scripts/gdb: handle split debug for vmlinux kcov: replace local_irq_save() with a local_lock_t kcov: avoid enable+disable interrupts if !in_task() kcov: allocate per-CPU memory on the relevant node Documentation/kcov: define `ip' in the example Documentation/kcov: include types.h in the example sysv: use BUILD_BUG_ON instead of runtime check kernel/fork.c: unshare(): use swap() to make code cleaner seq_file: fix passing wrong private data seq_file: move seq_escape() to a header signal: remove duplicate include in signal.h crash_dump: remove duplicate include in crash_dump.h crash_dump: fix boolreturn.cocci warning hfs/hfsplus: use WARN_ON for sanity check ...

vfs: keep inodes with page cache off the inode shrinker LRU

2021-11-09T18:02:48+00:00

Historically (pre-2.5), the inode shrinker used to reclaim only empty inodes and skip over those that still contained page cache. This caused problems on highmem hosts: struct inode could put fill lowmem zones before the cache was getting reclaimed in the highmem zones. To address this, the inode shrinker started to strip page cache to facilitate reclaiming lowmem. However, this comes with its own set of problems: the shrinkers may drop actively used page cache just because the inodes are not currently open or dirty - think working with a large git tree. It further doesn't respect cgroup memory protection settings and can cause priority inversions between containers. Nowadays, the page cache also holds non-resident info for evicted cache pages in order to detect refaults. We've come to rely heavily on this data inside reclaim for protecting the cache workingset and driving swap behavior. We also use it to quantify and report workload health through psi. The latter in turn is used for fleet health monitoring, as well as driving automated memory sizing of workloads and containers, proactive reclaim and memory offloading schemes. The consequences of dropping page cache prematurely is that we're seeing subtle and not-so-subtle failures in all of the above-mentioned scenarios, with the workload generally entering unexpected thrashing states while losing the ability to reliably detect it. To fix this on non-highmem systems at least, going back to rotating inodes on the LRU isn't feasible. We've tried (commit a76cf1a474d7 ("mm: don't reclaim inodes with many attached pages")) and failed (commit 69056ee6a8a3 ("Revert "mm: don't reclaim inodes with many attached pages"")). The issue is mostly that shrinker pools attract pressure based on their size, and when objects get skipped the shrinkers remember this as deferred reclaim work. This accumulates excessive pressure on the remaining inodes, and we can quickly eat into heavily used ones, or dirty ones that require IO to reclaim, when there potentially is plenty of cold, clean cache around still. Instead, this patch keeps populated inodes off the inode LRU in the first place - just like an open file or dirty state would. An otherwise clean and unused inode then gets queued when the last cache entry disappears. This solves the problem without reintroducing the reclaim issues, and generally is a bit more scalable than having to wade through potentially hundreds of thousands of busy inodes. Locking is a bit tricky because the locks protecting the inode state (i_lock) and the inode LRU (lru_list.lock) don't nest inside the irq-safe page cache lock (i_pages.xa_lock). Page cache deletions are serialized through i_lock, taken before the i_pages lock, to make sure depopulated inodes are queued reliably. Additions may race with deletions, but we'll check again in the shrinker. If additions race with the shrinker itself, we're protected by the i_lock: if find_inode() or iput() win, the shrinker will bail on the elevated i_count or I_REFERENCED; if the shrinker wins and goes ahead with the inode, it will set I_FREEING and inhibit further igets(), which will cause the other side to create a new instance of the inode instead. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210614211904.14420-4-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner Cc: Roman Gushchin Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Dave Chinner Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

2021-11-06T21:08:17+00:00

Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton: "257 patches. Subsystems affected by this patch series: scripts, ocfs2, vfs, and mm (slab-generic, slab, slub, kconfig, dax, kasan, debug, pagecache, gup, swap, memcg, pagemap, mprotect, mremap, iomap, tracing, vmalloc, pagealloc, memory-failure, hugetlb, userfaultfd, vmscan, tools, memblock, oom-kill, hugetlbfs, migration, thp, readahead, nommu, ksm, vmstat, madvise, memory-hotplug, rmap, zsmalloc, highmem, zram, cleanups, kfence, and damon)" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton : (257 commits) mm/damon: remove return value from before_terminate callback mm/damon: fix a few spelling mistakes in comments and a pr_debug message mm/damon: simplify stop mechanism Docs/admin-guide/mm/pagemap: wordsmith page flags descriptions Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: simplify the content Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix a wrong link Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/start: fix wrong example commands mm/damon/dbgfs: add adaptive_targets list check before enable monitor_on mm/damon: remove unnecessary variable initialization Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon: add a document for DAMON_RECLAIM mm/damon: introduce DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM) selftests/damon: support watermarks mm/damon/dbgfs: support watermarks mm/damon/schemes: activate schemes based on a watermarks mechanism tools/selftests/damon: update for regions prioritization of schemes mm/damon/dbgfs: support prioritization weights mm/damon/vaddr,paddr: support pageout prioritization mm/damon/schemes: prioritize regions within the quotas mm/damon/selftests: support schemes quotas mm/damon/dbgfs: support quotas of schemes ...

mm/vmscan: delay waking of tasks throttled on NOPROGRESS

2021-11-06T20:30:40+00:00

Tracing indicates that tasks throttled on NOPROGRESS are woken prematurely resulting in occasional massive spikes in direct reclaim activity. This patch wakes tasks throttled on NOPROGRESS if reclaim efficiency is at least 12%. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-9-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: NeilBrown Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/vmscan: increase the timeout if page reclaim is not making progress

2021-11-06T20:30:40+00:00

Tracing of the stutterp workload showed the following delays 1 usect_delayed=124000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=128000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=176000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=536000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=544000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=556000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=624000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=716000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 1 usect_delayed=772000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 2 usect_delayed=512000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 16 usect_delayed=120000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 53 usect_delayed=116000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 116 usect_delayed=112000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 5907 usect_delayed=108000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS 71741 usect_delayed=104000 reason=VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS All the throttling hit the full timeout and then there was wakeup delays meaning that the wakeups are premature as no other reclaimer such as kswapd has made progress. This patch increases the maximum timeout. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-8-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: NeilBrown Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/vmscan: centralise timeout values for reclaim_throttle

2021-11-06T20:30:40+00:00

Neil Brown raised concerns about callers of reclaim_throttle specifying a timeout value. The original timeout values to congestion_wait() were probably pulled out of thin air or copy&pasted from somewhere else. This patch centralises the timeout values and selects a timeout based on the reason for reclaim throttling. These figures are also pulled out of the same thin air but better values may be derived Running a workload that is throttling for inappropriate periods and tracing mm_vmscan_throttled can be used to pick a more appropriate value. Excessive throttling would pick a lower timeout where as excessive CPU usage in reclaim context would select a larger timeout. Ideally a large value would always be used and the wakeups would occur before a timeout but that requires careful testing. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-7-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: NeilBrown Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/vmscan: throttle reclaim when no progress is being made

2021-11-06T20:30:40+00:00

Memcg reclaim throttles on congestion if no reclaim progress is made. This makes little sense, it might be due to writeback or a host of other factors. For !memcg reclaim, it's messy. Direct reclaim primarily is throttled in the page allocator if it is failing to make progress. Kswapd throttles if too many pages are under writeback and marked for immediate reclaim. This patch explicitly throttles if reclaim is failing to make progress. [vbabka@suse.cz: Remove redundant code] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-4-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: NeilBrown Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/vmscan: throttle reclaim and compaction when too may pages are isolated

2021-11-06T20:30:40+00:00

Page reclaim throttles on congestion if too many parallel reclaim instances have isolated too many pages. This makes no sense, excessive parallelisation has nothing to do with writeback or congestion. This patch creates an additional workqueue to sleep on when too many pages are isolated. The throttled tasks are woken when the number of isolated pages is reduced or a timeout occurs. There may be some false positive wakeups for GFP_NOIO/GFP_NOFS callers but the tasks will throttle again if necessary. [shy828301@gmail.com: Wake up from compaction context] [vbabka@suse.cz: Account number of throttled tasks only for writeback] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211022144651.19914-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Dilger Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: NeilBrown Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds