kernel/linux.git/mm/mmap.c, branch v6.12.91

mm: prevent droppable mappings from being locked

2026-05-07T04:09:47+00:00

[ Upstream commit d239462787b072c78eb19fc1f155c3d411256282 ] Droppable mappings must not be lockable. There is a check for VMAs with VM_DROPPABLE set in mlock_fixup() along with checks for other types of unlockable VMAs which ensures this when calling mlock()/mlock2(). For mlockall(MCL_FUTURE), the check for unlockable VMAs is different. In apply_mlockall_flags(), if the flags parameter has MCL_FUTURE set, the current task's mm's default VMA flag field mm->def_flags has VM_LOCKED applied to it. VM_LOCKONFAULT is also applied if MCL_ONFAULT is also set. When these flags are set as default in this manner they are cleared in __mmap_complete() for new mappings that do not support mlock. A check for VM_DROPPABLE in __mmap_complete() is missing resulting in droppable mappings created with VM_LOCKED set. To fix this and reduce that chance of similar bugs in the future, introduce and use vma_supports_mlock(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260310155821.17869-1-anthony.yznaga@oracle.com Fixes: 9651fcedf7b9 ("mm: add MAP_DROPPABLE for designating always lazily freeable mappings") Signed-off-by: Anthony Yznaga Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld Cc: Liam Howlett Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Mike Rapoport Cc: Shuah Khan Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton [ adapted change to `mm/mmap.c::__mmap_region()` instead of `mm/vma.c::__mmap_complete()` ] Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: reinstate ability to map write-sealed memfd mappings read-only

2025-01-09T12:33:54+00:00

commit 8ec396d05d1b737c87311fb7311f753b02c2a6b1 upstream. Patch series "mm: reinstate ability to map write-sealed memfd mappings read-only". In commit 158978945f31 ("mm: perform the mapping_map_writable() check after call_mmap()") (and preceding changes in the same series) it became possible to mmap() F_SEAL_WRITE sealed memfd mappings read-only. Commit 5de195060b2e ("mm: resolve faulty mmap_region() error path behaviour") unintentionally undid this logic by moving the mapping_map_writable() check before the shmem_mmap() hook is invoked, thereby regressing this change. This series reworks how we both permit write-sealed mappings being mapped read-only and disallow mprotect() from undoing the write-seal, fixing this regression. We also add a regression test to ensure that we do not accidentally regress this in future. Thanks to Julian Orth for reporting this regression. This patch (of 2): In commit 158978945f31 ("mm: perform the mapping_map_writable() check after call_mmap()") (and preceding changes in the same series) it became possible to mmap() F_SEAL_WRITE sealed memfd mappings read-only. This was previously unnecessarily disallowed, despite the man page documentation indicating that it would be, thereby limiting the usefulness of F_SEAL_WRITE logic. We fixed this by adapting logic that existed for the F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal (one which disallows future writes to the memfd) to also be used for F_SEAL_WRITE. For background - the F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal clears VM_MAYWRITE for a read-only mapping to disallow mprotect() from overriding the seal - an operation performed by seal_check_write(), invoked from shmem_mmap(), the f_op->mmap() hook used by shmem mappings. By extending this to F_SEAL_WRITE and critically - checking mapping_map_writable() to determine if we may map the memfd AFTER we invoke shmem_mmap() - the desired logic becomes possible. This is because mapping_map_writable() explicitly checks for VM_MAYWRITE, which we will have cleared. Commit 5de195060b2e ("mm: resolve faulty mmap_region() error path behaviour") unintentionally undid this logic by moving the mapping_map_writable() check before the shmem_mmap() hook is invoked, thereby regressing this change. We reinstate this functionality by moving the check out of shmem_mmap() and instead performing it in do_mmap() at the point at which VMA flags are being determined, which seems in any case to be a more appropriate place in which to make this determination. In order to achieve this we rework memfd seal logic to allow us access to this information using existing logic and eliminate the clearing of VM_MAYWRITE from seal_check_write() which we are performing in do_mmap() instead. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/99fc35d2c62bd2e05571cf60d9f8b843c56069e0.1732804776.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: 5de195060b2e ("mm: resolve faulty mmap_region() error path behaviour") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reported-by: Julian Orth Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHijbEUMhvJTN9Xw1GmbM266FXXv=U7s4L_Jem5x3AaPZxrYpQ@mail.gmail.com/ Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Liam R. Howlett Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Shuah Khan Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: respect mmap hint address when aligning for THP

2024-12-14T19:03:34+00:00

commit 249608ee47132cab3b1adacd9e463548f57bd316 upstream. Commit efa7df3e3bb5 ("mm: align larger anonymous mappings on THP boundaries") updated __get_unmapped_area() to align the start address for the VMA to a PMD boundary if CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y. It does this by effectively looking up a region that is of size, request_size + PMD_SIZE, and aligning up the start to a PMD boundary. Commit 4ef9ad19e176 ("mm: huge_memory: don't force huge page alignment on 32 bit") opted out of this for 32bit due to regressions in mmap base randomization. Commit d4148aeab412 ("mm, mmap: limit THP alignment of anonymous mappings to PMD-aligned sizes") restricted this to only mmap sizes that are multiples of the PMD_SIZE due to reported regressions in some performance benchmarks -- which seemed mostly due to the reduced spatial locality of related mappings due to the forced PMD-alignment. Another unintended side effect has emerged: When a user specifies an mmap hint address, the THP alignment logic modifies the behavior, potentially ignoring the hint even if a sufficiently large gap exists at the requested hint location. Example Scenario: Consider the following simplified virtual address (VA) space: ... 0x200000-0x400000 --- VMA A 0x400000-0x600000 --- Hole 0x600000-0x800000 --- VMA B ... A call to mmap() with hint=0x400000 and len=0x200000 behaves differently: - Before THP alignment: The requested region (size 0x200000) fits into the gap at 0x400000, so the hint is respected. - After alignment: The logic searches for a region of size 0x400000 (len + PMD_SIZE) starting at 0x400000. This search fails due to the mapping at 0x600000 (VMA B), and the hint is ignored, falling back to arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown](). In general the hint is effectively ignored, if there is any existing mapping in the below range: [mmap_hint + mmap_size, mmap_hint + mmap_size + PMD_SIZE) This changes the semantics of mmap hint; from ""Respect the hint if a sufficiently large gap exists at the requested location" to "Respect the hint only if an additional PMD-sized gap exists beyond the requested size". This has performance implications for allocators that allocate their heap using mmap but try to keep it "as contiguous as possible" by using the end of the exisiting heap as the address hint. With the new behavior it's more likely to get a much less contiguous heap, adding extra fragmentation and performance overhead. To restore the expected behavior; don't use thp_get_unmapped_area_vmflags() when the user provided a hint address, for anonymous mappings. Note: As Yang Shi pointed out: the issue still remains for filesystems which are using thp_get_unmapped_area() for their get_unmapped_area() op. It is unclear what worklaods will regress for if we ignore THP alignment when the hint address is provided for such file backed mappings -- so this fix will be handled separately. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241118214650.3667577-1-kaleshsingh@google.com Fixes: efa7df3e3bb5 ("mm: align larger anonymous mappings on THP boundaries") Signed-off-by: Kalesh Singh Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand Cc: Kefeng Wang Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Yang Shi Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Ryan Roberts Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Hans Boehm Cc: Lokesh Gidra Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/mmap: fix __mmap_region() error handling in rare merge failure case

2024-11-22T14:30:26+00:00

The mmap_region() function tries to install a new vma, which requires a pre-allocation for the maple tree write due to the complex locking scenarios involved. Recent efforts to simplify the error recovery required the relocation of the preallocation of the maple tree nodes (via vma_iter_prealloc() calling mas_preallocate()) higher in the function. The relocation of the preallocation meant that, if there was a file associated with the vma and the driver call (mmap_file()) modified the vma flags, then a new merge of the new vma with existing vmas is attempted. During the attempt to merge the existing vma with the new vma, the vma iterator is used - the same iterator that would be used for the next write attempt to the tree. In the event of needing a further allocation and if the new allocations fails, the vma iterator (and contained maple state) will cleaned up, including freeing all previous allocations and will be reset internally. Upon returning to the __mmap_region() function, the error is available in the vma_merge_struct and can be used to detect the -ENOMEM status. Hitting an -ENOMEM scenario after the driver callback leaves the system in a state that undoing the mapping is worse than continuing by dipping into the reserve. A preallocation should be performed in the case of an -ENOMEM and the allocations were lost during the failure scenario. The __GFP_NOFAIL flag is used in the allocation to ensure the allocation succeeds after implicitly telling the driver that the mapping was happening. The range is already set in the vma_iter_store() call below, so it is not necessary and is dropped. Reported-by: syzbot+bc6bfc25a68b7a020ee1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=17b0ace8580000 Fixes: 5de195060b2e2 ("mm: resolve faulty mmap_region() error path behaviour") Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: resolve faulty mmap_region() error path behaviour

2024-11-06T00:49:55+00:00

The mmap_region() function is somewhat terrifying, with spaghetti-like control flow and numerous means by which issues can arise and incomplete state, memory leaks and other unpleasantness can occur. A large amount of the complexity arises from trying to handle errors late in the process of mapping a VMA, which forms the basis of recently observed issues with resource leaks and observable inconsistent state. Taking advantage of previous patches in this series we move a number of checks earlier in the code, simplifying things by moving the core of the logic into a static internal function __mmap_region(). Doing this allows us to perform a number of checks up front before we do any real work, and allows us to unwind the writable unmap check unconditionally as required and to perform a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE validation unconditionally also. We move a number of things here: 1. We preallocate memory for the iterator before we call the file-backed memory hook, allowing us to exit early and avoid having to perform complicated and error-prone close/free logic. We carefully free iterator state on both success and error paths. 2. The enclosing mmap_region() function handles the mapping_map_writable() logic early. Previously the logic had the mapping_map_writable() at the point of mapping a newly allocated file-backed VMA, and a matching mapping_unmap_writable() on success and error paths. We now do this unconditionally if this is a file-backed, shared writable mapping. If a driver changes the flags to eliminate VM_MAYWRITE, however doing so does not invalidate the seal check we just performed, and we in any case always decrement the counter in the wrapper. We perform a debug assert to ensure a driver does not attempt to do the opposite. 3. We also move arch_validate_flags() up into the mmap_region() function. This is only relevant on arm64 and sparc64, and the check is only meaningful for SPARC with ADI enabled. We explicitly add a warning for this arch if a driver invalidates this check, though the code ought eventually to be fixed to eliminate the need for this. With all of these measures in place, we no longer need to explicitly close the VMA on error paths, as we place all checks which might fail prior to a call to any driver mmap hook. This eliminates an entire class of errors, makes the code easier to reason about and more robust. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/6e0becb36d2f5472053ac5d544c0edfe9b899e25.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: deb0f6562884 ("mm/mmap: undo ->mmap() when arch_validate_flags() fails") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reported-by: Jann Horn Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Tested-by: Mark Brown Cc: Andreas Larsson Cc: Catalin Marinas Cc: David S. Miller Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: refactor arch_calc_vm_flag_bits() and arm64 MTE handling

2024-11-06T00:49:55+00:00

Currently MTE is permitted in two circumstances (desiring to use MTE having been specified by the VM_MTE flag) - where MAP_ANONYMOUS is specified, as checked by arch_calc_vm_flag_bits() and actualised by setting the VM_MTE_ALLOWED flag, or if the file backing the mapping is shmem, in which case we set VM_MTE_ALLOWED in shmem_mmap() when the mmap hook is activated in mmap_region(). The function that checks that, if VM_MTE is set, VM_MTE_ALLOWED is also set is the arm64 implementation of arch_validate_flags(). Unfortunately, we intend to refactor mmap_region() to perform this check earlier, meaning that in the case of a shmem backing we will not have invoked shmem_mmap() yet, causing the mapping to fail spuriously. It is inappropriate to set this architecture-specific flag in general mm code anyway, so a sensible resolution of this issue is to instead move the check somewhere else. We resolve this by setting VM_MTE_ALLOWED much earlier in do_mmap(), via the arch_calc_vm_flag_bits() call. This is an appropriate place to do this as we already check for the MAP_ANONYMOUS case here, and the shmem file case is simply a variant of the same idea - we permit RAM-backed memory. This requires a modification to the arch_calc_vm_flag_bits() signature to pass in a pointer to the struct file associated with the mapping, however this is not too egregious as this is only used by two architectures anyway - arm64 and parisc. So this patch performs this adjustment and removes the unnecessary assignment of VM_MTE_ALLOWED in shmem_mmap(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix whitespace, per Catalin] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ec251b20ba1964fb64cf1607d2ad80c47f3873df.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: deb0f6562884 ("mm/mmap: undo ->mmap() when arch_validate_flags() fails") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Suggested-by: Catalin Marinas Reported-by: Jann Horn Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andreas Larsson Cc: David S. Miller Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Liam R. Howlett Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mark Brown Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: refactor map_deny_write_exec()

2024-11-06T00:49:55+00:00

Refactor the map_deny_write_exec() to not unnecessarily require a VMA parameter but rather to accept VMA flags parameters, which allows us to use this function early in mmap_region() in a subsequent commit. While we're here, we refactor the function to be more readable and add some additional documentation. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/6be8bb59cd7c68006ebb006eb9d8dc27104b1f70.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: deb0f6562884 ("mm/mmap: undo ->mmap() when arch_validate_flags() fails") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reported-by: Jann Horn Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Reviewed-by: Jann Horn Cc: Andreas Larsson Cc: Catalin Marinas Cc: David S. Miller Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mark Brown Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: unconditionally close VMAs on error

2024-11-06T00:49:55+00:00

Incorrect invocation of VMA callbacks when the VMA is no longer in a consistent state is bug prone and risky to perform. With regards to the important vm_ops->close() callback We have gone to great lengths to try to track whether or not we ought to close VMAs. Rather than doing so and risking making a mistake somewhere, instead unconditionally close and reset vma->vm_ops to an empty dummy operations set with a NULL .close operator. We introduce a new function to do so - vma_close() - and simplify existing vms logic which tracked whether we needed to close or not. This simplifies the logic, avoids incorrect double-calling of the .close() callback and allows us to update error paths to simply call vma_close() unconditionally - making VMA closure idempotent. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/28e89dda96f68c505cb6f8e9fc9b57c3e9f74b42.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: deb0f6562884 ("mm/mmap: undo ->mmap() when arch_validate_flags() fails") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reported-by: Jann Horn Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett Reviewed-by: Jann Horn Cc: Andreas Larsson Cc: Catalin Marinas Cc: David S. Miller Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mark Brown Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: avoid unsafe VMA hook invocation when error arises on mmap hook

2024-11-06T00:49:54+00:00

Patch series "fix error handling in mmap_region() and refactor (hotfixes)", v4. mmap_region() is somewhat terrifying, with spaghetti-like control flow and numerous means by which issues can arise and incomplete state, memory leaks and other unpleasantness can occur. A large amount of the complexity arises from trying to handle errors late in the process of mapping a VMA, which forms the basis of recently observed issues with resource leaks and observable inconsistent state. This series goes to great lengths to simplify how mmap_region() works and to avoid unwinding errors late on in the process of setting up the VMA for the new mapping, and equally avoids such operations occurring while the VMA is in an inconsistent state. The patches in this series comprise the minimal changes required to resolve existing issues in mmap_region() error handling, in order that they can be hotfixed and backported. There is additionally a follow up series which goes further, separated out from the v1 series and sent and updated separately. This patch (of 5): After an attempted mmap() fails, we are no longer in a situation where we can safely interact with VMA hooks. This is currently not enforced, meaning that we need complicated handling to ensure we do not incorrectly call these hooks. We can avoid the whole issue by treating the VMA as suspect the moment that the file->f_ops->mmap() function reports an error by replacing whatever VMA operations were installed with a dummy empty set of VMA operations. We do so through a new helper function internal to mm - mmap_file() - which is both more logically named than the existing call_mmap() function and correctly isolates handling of the vm_op reassignment to mm. All the existing invocations of call_mmap() outside of mm are ultimately nested within the call_mmap() from mm, which we now replace. It is therefore safe to leave call_mmap() in place as a convenience function (and to avoid churn). The invokers are: ovl_file_operations -> mmap -> ovl_mmap() -> backing_file_mmap() coda_file_operations -> mmap -> coda_file_mmap() shm_file_operations -> shm_mmap() shm_file_operations_huge -> shm_mmap() dma_buf_fops -> dma_buf_mmap_internal -> i915_dmabuf_ops -> i915_gem_dmabuf_mmap() None of these callers interact with vm_ops or mappings in a problematic way on error, quickly exiting out. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/d41fd763496fd0048a962f3fd9407dc72dd4fd86.1730224667.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Fixes: deb0f6562884 ("mm/mmap: undo ->mmap() when arch_validate_flags() fails") Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reported-by: Jann Horn Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka Reviewed-by: Jann Horn Cc: Andreas Larsson Cc: Catalin Marinas Cc: David S. Miller Cc: Helge Deller Cc: James E.J. Bottomley Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mark Brown Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm, mmap: limit THP alignment of anonymous mappings to PMD-aligned sizes

2024-11-01T03:27:04+00:00

Since commit efa7df3e3bb5 ("mm: align larger anonymous mappings on THP boundaries") a mmap() of anonymous memory without a specific address hint and of at least PMD_SIZE will be aligned to PMD so that it can benefit from a THP backing page. However this change has been shown to regress some workloads significantly. [1] reports regressions in various spec benchmarks, with up to 600% slowdown of the cactusBSSN benchmark on some platforms. The benchmark seems to create many mappings of 4632kB, which would have merged to a large THP-backed area before commit efa7df3e3bb5 and now they are fragmented to multiple areas each aligned to PMD boundary with gaps between. The regression then seems to be caused mainly due to the benchmark's memory access pattern suffering from TLB or cache aliasing due to the aligned boundaries of the individual areas. Another known regression bisected to commit efa7df3e3bb5 is darktable [2] [3] and early testing suggests this patch fixes the regression there as well. To fix the regression but still try to benefit from THP-friendly anonymous mapping alignment, add a condition that the size of the mapping must be a multiple of PMD size instead of at least PMD size. In case of many odd-sized mapping like the cactusBSSN creates, those will stop being aligned and with gaps between, and instead naturally merge again. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241024151228.101841-2-vbabka@suse.cz Fixes: efa7df3e3bb5 ("mm: align larger anonymous mappings on THP boundaries") Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka Reported-by: Michael Matz Debugged-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi Closes: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1229012 [1] Reported-by: Matthias Bodenbinder Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=219366 [2] Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2050f0d4-57b0-481d-bab8-05e8d48fed0c@leemhuis.info/ [3] Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes Reviewed-by: Yang Shi Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Liam R. Howlett Cc: Petr Tesarik Cc: Thorsten Leemhuis Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton