kernel/linux.git/mm/huge_memory.c, branch v5.15.208

mm/huge_memory: fix dereferencing invalid pmd migration entry

2025-06-27T10:05:37+00:00

commit be6e843fc51a584672dfd9c4a6a24c8cb81d5fb7 upstream. When migrating a THP, concurrent access to the PMD migration entry during a deferred split scan can lead to an invalid address access, as illustrated below. To prevent this invalid access, it is necessary to check the PMD migration entry and return early. In this context, there is no need to use pmd_to_swp_entry and pfn_swap_entry_to_page to verify the equality of the target folio. Since the PMD migration entry is locked, it cannot be served as the target. Mailing list discussion and explanation from Hugh Dickins: "An anon_vma lookup points to a location which may contain the folio of interest, but might instead contain another folio: and weeding out those other folios is precisely what the "folio != pmd_folio((*pmd)" check (and the "risk of replacing the wrong folio" comment a few lines above it) is for." BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffea60001db008 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 2199114 Comm: tee Not tainted 6.14.0+ #4 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:split_huge_pmd_locked+0x3b5/0x2b60 Call Trace: try_to_migrate_one+0x28c/0x3730 rmap_walk_anon+0x4f6/0x770 unmap_folio+0x196/0x1f0 split_huge_page_to_list_to_order+0x9f6/0x1560 deferred_split_scan+0xac5/0x12a0 shrinker_debugfs_scan_write+0x376/0x470 full_proxy_write+0x15c/0x220 vfs_write+0x2fc/0xcb0 ksys_write+0x146/0x250 do_syscall_64+0x6a/0x120 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e The bug is found by syzkaller on an internal kernel, then confirmed on upstream. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250421113536.3682201-1-gavinguo@igalia.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250414072737.1698513-1-gavinguo@igalia.com/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250418085802.2973519-1-gavinguo@igalia.com/ Fixes: 84c3fc4e9c56 ("mm: thp: check pmd migration entry in common path") Signed-off-by: Gavin Guo Acked-by: David Hildenbrand Acked-by: Hugh Dickins Acked-by: Zi Yan Reviewed-by: Gavin Shan Cc: Florent Revest Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) Cc: Miaohe Lin Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton [gavin: backport the migration checking logic to __split_huge_pmd] Signed-off-by: Gavin Guo Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/numa: no task_numa_fault() call if PMD is changed

2024-09-04T11:23:36+00:00

commit fd8c35a92910f4829b7c99841f39b1b952c259d5 upstream. When handling a numa page fault, task_numa_fault() should be called by a process that restores the page table of the faulted folio to avoid duplicated stats counting. Commit c5b5a3dd2c1f ("mm: thp: refactor NUMA fault handling") restructured do_huge_pmd_numa_page() and did not avoid task_numa_fault() call in the second page table check after a numa migration failure. Fix it by making all !pmd_same() return immediately. This issue can cause task_numa_fault() being called more than necessary and lead to unexpected numa balancing results (It is hard to tell whether the issue will cause positive or negative performance impact due to duplicated numa fault counting). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240809145906.1513458-3-ziy@nvidia.com Fixes: c5b5a3dd2c1f ("mm: thp: refactor NUMA fault handling") Reported-by: "Huang, Ying" Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/87zfqfw0yw.fsf@yhuang6-desk2.ccr.corp.intel.com/ Signed-off-by: Zi Yan Acked-by: David Hildenbrand Cc: Baolin Wang Cc: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Kefeng Wang Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Yang Shi Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/userfaultfd: propagate uffd-wp bit when PTE-mapping the huge zeropage

2023-03-22T12:31:35+00:00

commit 42b2af2c9b7eede8ef21d0943f84d135e21a32a3 upstream. Currently, we'd lose the userfaultfd-wp marker when PTE-mapping a huge zeropage, resulting in the next write faults in the PMD range not triggering uffd-wp events. Various actions (partial MADV_DONTNEED, partial mremap, partial munmap, partial mprotect) could trigger this. However, most importantly, un-protecting a single sub-page from the userfaultfd-wp handler when processing a uffd-wp event will PTE-map the shared huge zeropage and lose the uffd-wp bit for the remainder of the PMD. Let's properly propagate the uffd-wp bit to the PMDs. #define _GNU_SOURCE #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static size_t pagesize; static int uffd; static volatile bool uffd_triggered; #define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory") static void uffd_wp_range(char *start, size_t size, bool wp) { struct uffdio_writeprotect uffd_writeprotect; uffd_writeprotect.range.start = (unsigned long) start; uffd_writeprotect.range.len = size; if (wp) { uffd_writeprotect.mode = UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP; } else { uffd_writeprotect.mode = 0; } if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT, &uffd_writeprotect)) { fprintf(stderr, "UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT failed: %d\n", errno); exit(1); } } static void *uffd_thread_fn(void *arg) { static struct uffd_msg msg; ssize_t nread; while (1) { struct pollfd pollfd; int nready; pollfd.fd = uffd; pollfd.events = POLLIN; nready = poll(&pollfd, 1, -1); if (nready == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "poll() failed: %d\n", errno); exit(1); } nread = read(uffd, &msg, sizeof(msg)); if (nread <= 0) continue; if (msg.event != UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT || !(msg.arg.pagefault.flags & UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP)) { printf("FAIL: wrong uffd-wp event fired\n"); exit(1); } /* un-protect the single page. */ uffd_triggered = true; uffd_wp_range((char *)(uintptr_t)msg.arg.pagefault.address, pagesize, false); } return arg; } static int setup_uffd(char *map, size_t size) { struct uffdio_api uffdio_api; struct uffdio_register uffdio_register; pthread_t thread; uffd = syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK | UFFD_USER_MODE_ONLY); if (uffd < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "syscall() failed: %d\n", errno); return -errno; } uffdio_api.api = UFFD_API; uffdio_api.features = UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP; if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_API, &uffdio_api) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "UFFDIO_API failed: %d\n", errno); return -errno; } if (!(uffdio_api.features & UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP)) { fprintf(stderr, "UFFD_FEATURE_WRITEPROTECT missing\n"); return -ENOSYS; } uffdio_register.range.start = (unsigned long) map; uffdio_register.range.len = size; uffdio_register.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP; if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &uffdio_register) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "UFFDIO_REGISTER failed: %d\n", errno); return -errno; } pthread_create(&thread, NULL, uffd_thread_fn, NULL); return 0; } int main(void) { const size_t size = 4 * 1024 * 1024ull; char *map, *cur; pagesize = getpagesize(); map = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); if (map == MAP_FAILED) { fprintf(stderr, "mmap() failed\n"); return -errno; } if (madvise(map, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE)) { fprintf(stderr, "MADV_HUGEPAGE failed\n"); return -errno; } if (setup_uffd(map, size)) return 1; /* Read the whole range, populating zeropages. */ madvise(map, size, MADV_POPULATE_READ); /* Write-protect the whole range. */ uffd_wp_range(map, size, true); /* Make sure uffd-wp triggers on each page. */ for (cur = map; cur < map + size; cur += pagesize) { uffd_triggered = false; barrier(); /* Trigger a write fault. */ *cur = 1; barrier(); if (!uffd_triggered) { printf("FAIL: uffd-wp did not trigger\n"); return 1; } } printf("PASS: uffd-wp triggered\n"); return 0; } Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230302175423.589164-1-david@redhat.com Fixes: e06f1e1dd499 ("userfaultfd: wp: enabled write protection in userfaultfd API") Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand Acked-by: Peter Xu Cc: Mike Rapoport Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Jerome Glisse Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/thp: check and bail out if page in deferred queue already

2023-03-10T08:40:09+00:00

commit 81e506bec9be1eceaf5a2c654e28ba5176ef48d8 upstream. Kernel build regression with LLVM was reported here: https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y1GCYXGtEVZbcv%2F5@dev-arch.thelio-3990X/ with commit f35b5d7d676e ("mm: align larger anonymous mappings on THP boundaries"). And the commit f35b5d7d676e was reverted. It turned out the regression is related with madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) was used by ld.lld. But with none PMD_SIZE aligned parameter len. trace-bpfcc captured: 531607 531732 ld.lld do_madvise.part.0 start: 0x7feca9000000, len: 0x7fb000, behavior: 0x4 531607 531793 ld.lld do_madvise.part.0 start: 0x7fec86a00000, len: 0x7fb000, behavior: 0x4 If the underneath physical page is THP, the madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) can trigger split_queue_lock contention raised significantly. perf showed following data: 14.85% 0.00% ld.lld [kernel.kallsyms] [k] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe 11.52% entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe do_syscall_64 __x64_sys_madvise do_madvise.part.0 zap_page_range unmap_single_vma unmap_page_range page_remove_rmap deferred_split_huge_page __lock_text_start native_queued_spin_lock_slowpath If THP can't be removed from rmap as whole THP, partial THP will be removed from rmap by removing sub-pages from rmap. Even the THP head page is added to deferred queue already, the split_queue_lock will be acquired and check whether the THP head page is in the queue already. Thus, the contention of split_queue_lock is raised. Before acquire split_queue_lock, check and bail out early if the THP head page is in the queue already. The checking without holding split_queue_lock could race with deferred_split_scan, but it doesn't impact the correctness here. Test result of building kernel with ld.lld: commit 7b5a0b664ebe (parent commit of f35b5d7d676e): time -f "\t%E real,\t%U user,\t%S sys" make LD=ld.lld -skj96 allmodconfig all 6:07.99 real, 26367.77 user, 5063.35 sys commit f35b5d7d676e: time -f "\t%E real,\t%U user,\t%S sys" make LD=ld.lld -skj96 allmodconfig all 7:22.15 real, 26235.03 user, 12504.55 sys commit f35b5d7d676e with the fixing patch: time -f "\t%E real,\t%U user,\t%S sys" make LD=ld.lld -skj96 allmodconfig all 6:08.49 real, 26520.15 user, 5047.91 sys Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221223135207.2275317-1-fengwei.yin@intel.com Signed-off-by: Yin Fengwei Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor Acked-by: David Rientjes Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Feng Tang Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Xing Zhengjun Cc: Yang Shi Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm/huge_memory: use pfn_to_online_page() in split_huge_pages_all()

2022-10-12T07:53:28+00:00

[ Upstream commit 2b7aa91ba0e86b8643f5d3c83874c80599c731d7 ] NULL pointer dereference is triggered when calling thp split via debugfs on the system with offlined memory blocks. With debug option enabled, the following kernel messages are printed out: page:00000000467f4890 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x121c000 flags: 0x17fffc00000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1ffff) raw: 0017fffc00000000 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: unmovable page page:000000007d7ab72e is uninitialized and poisoned page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PagePoisoned(p)) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at include/linux/mm.h:1248! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI CPU: 16 PID: 20964 Comm: bash Tainted: G I 6.0.0-rc3-foll-numa+ #41 ... RIP: 0010:split_huge_pages_write+0xcf4/0xe30 This shows that page_to_nid() in page_zone() is unexpectedly called for an offlined memmap. Use pfn_to_online_page() to get struct page in PFN walker. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220908041150.3430269-1-naoya.horiguchi@linux.dev Fixes: f1dd2cd13c4b ("mm, memory_hotplug: do not associate hotadded memory to zones until online") [visible after d0dc12e86b319] Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi Co-developed-by: David Hildenbrand Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand Reviewed-by: Yang Shi Acked-by: Michal Hocko Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Muchun Song Cc: [5.10+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mm/huge_memory: minor cleanup for split_huge_pages_all

2022-10-12T07:53:28+00:00

[ Upstream commit a17206dac7b262e7abed5a05e34a6bd6bd0a9b06 ] There is nothing to do if a zone doesn't have any pages managed by the buddy allocator. So we should check managed_zone instead. Also if a thp is found, there's no need to traverse the subpages again. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220704132201.14611-13-linmiaohe@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Muchun Song Cc: Yang Shi Cc: Zach O'Keefe Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Stable-dep-of: 2b7aa91ba0e8 ("mm/huge_memory: use pfn_to_online_page() in split_huge_pages_all()") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mm/huge_memory: do not overkill when splitting huge_zero_page

2022-05-18T08:26:55+00:00

commit 478d134e9506c7e9bfe2830ed03dd85e97966313 upstream. Kernel panic when injecting memory_failure for the global huge_zero_page, when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM is enabled, as follows. Injecting memory failure for pfn 0x109ff9 at process virtual address 0x20ff9000 page:00000000fb053fc3 refcount:2 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x109e00 head:00000000fb053fc3 order:9 compound_mapcount:0 compound_pincount:0 flags: 0x17fffc000010001(locked|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1ffff) raw: 017fffc000010001 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000002ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(is_huge_zero_page(head)) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:2499! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI CPU: 6 PID: 553 Comm: split_bug Not tainted 5.18.0-rc1+ #11 Hardware name: Alibaba Cloud Alibaba Cloud ECS, BIOS 3288b3c 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:split_huge_page_to_list+0x66a/0x880 Code: 84 9b fb ff ff 48 8b 7c 24 08 31 f6 e8 9f 5d 2a 00 b8 b8 02 00 00 e9 e8 fb ff ff 48 c7 c6 e8 47 3c 82 4c b RSP: 0018:ffffc90000dcbdf8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 000000000000003c RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff823e4c4f RDI: 00000000ffffffff RBP: ffff88843fffdb40 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00000000fffeffff R10: ffffc90000dcbc48 R11: ffffffff82d68448 R12: ffffea0004278000 R13: ffffffff823c6203 R14: 0000000000109ff9 R15: ffffea000427fe40 FS: 00007fc375a26740(0000) GS:ffff88842fd80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007fc3757c9290 CR3: 0000000102174006 CR4: 00000000003706e0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: try_to_split_thp_page+0x3a/0x130 memory_failure+0x128/0x800 madvise_inject_error.cold+0x8b/0xa1 __x64_sys_madvise+0x54/0x60 do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae RIP: 0033:0x7fc3754f8bf9 Code: 01 00 48 81 c4 80 00 00 00 e9 f1 fe ff ff 0f 1f 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 8 RSP: 002b:00007ffeda93a1d8 EFLAGS: 00000217 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000001c RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007fc3754f8bf9 RDX: 0000000000000064 RSI: 0000000000003000 RDI: 0000000020ff9000 RBP: 00007ffeda93a200 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 00000000ffffffff R11: 0000000000000217 R12: 0000000000400490 R13: 00007ffeda93a2e0 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 We think that raising BUG is overkilling for splitting huge_zero_page, the huge_zero_page can't be met from normal paths other than memory failure, but memory failure is a valid caller. So we tend to replace the BUG to WARN + returning -EBUSY, and thus the panic above won't happen again. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f35f8b97377d5d3ede1bc5ac3114da888c57cbce.1651052574.git.xuyu@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: d173d5417fb6 ("mm/memory-failure.c: skip huge_zero_page in memory_failure()") Fixes: 6a46079cf57a ("HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7") Signed-off-by: Xu Yu Suggested-by: Yang Shi Reported-by: kernel test robot Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi Reviewed-by: Yang Shi Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: filemap: check if THP has hwpoisoned subpage for PMD page fault

2021-10-29T00:18:55+00:00

When handling shmem page fault the THP with corrupted subpage could be PMD mapped if certain conditions are satisfied. But kernel is supposed to send SIGBUS when trying to map hwpoisoned page. There are two paths which may do PMD map: fault around and regular fault. Before commit f9ce0be71d1f ("mm: Cleanup faultaround and finish_fault() codepaths") the thing was even worse in fault around path. The THP could be PMD mapped as long as the VMA fits regardless what subpage is accessed and corrupted. After this commit as long as head page is not corrupted the THP could be PMD mapped. In the regular fault path the THP could be PMD mapped as long as the corrupted page is not accessed and the VMA fits. This loophole could be fixed by iterating every subpage to check if any of them is hwpoisoned or not, but it is somewhat costly in page fault path. So introduce a new page flag called HasHWPoisoned on the first tail page. It indicates the THP has hwpoisoned subpage(s). It is set if any subpage of THP is found hwpoisoned by memory failure and after the refcount is bumped successfully, then cleared when the THP is freed or split. The soft offline path doesn't need this since soft offline handler just marks a subpage hwpoisoned when the subpage is migrated successfully. But shmem THP didn't get split then migrated at all. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211020210755.23964-3-shy828301@gmail.com Fixes: 800d8c63b2e9 ("shmem: add huge pages support") Signed-off-by: Yang Shi Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Oscar Salvador Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/thp: decrease nr_thps in file's mapping on THP split

2021-10-19T06:22:03+00:00

Decrease nr_thps counter in file's mapping to ensure that the page cache won't be dropped excessively on file write access if page has been already split. I've tried a test scenario running a big binary, kernel remaps it with THPs, then force a THP split with /sys/kernel/debug/split_huge_pages. During any further open of that binary with O_RDWR or O_WRITEONLY kernel drops page cache for it, because of non-zero thps counter. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211012120237.2600-1-m.szyprowski@samsung.com Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski Fixes: 09d91cda0e82 ("mm,thp: avoid writes to file with THP in pagecache") Fixes: 06d3eff62d9d ("mm/thp: fix node page state in split_huge_page_to_list()") Acked-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) Reviewed-by: Yang Shi Cc: Cc: Song Liu Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Hillf Danton Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: William Kucharski Cc: Oleg Nesterov Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm,do_huge_pmd_numa_page: remove unnecessary TLB flushing code

2021-09-03T16:58:13+00:00

Before commit c5b5a3dd2c1f ("mm: thp: refactor NUMA fault handling"), the TLB flushing is done in do_huge_pmd_numa_page() itself via flush_tlb_range(). But after commit c5b5a3dd2c1f ("mm: thp: refactor NUMA fault handling"), the TLB flushing is done in migrate_pages() as in the following code path anyway. do_huge_pmd_numa_page migrate_misplaced_page migrate_pages So now, the TLB flushing code in do_huge_pmd_numa_page() becomes unnecessary. So the code is deleted in this patch to simplify the code. This is only code cleanup, there's no visible performance difference. The mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() in do_huge_pmd_numa_page() is deleted too. Because migrate_pages() takes care of that too when CPU TLB is flushed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210720065529.716031-1-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Reviewed-by: Zi Yan Reviewed-by: Yang Shi Cc: Dan Carpenter Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Christian Borntraeger Cc: Gerald Schaefer Cc: Heiko Carstens Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Vasily Gorbik Cc: Paolo Bonzini Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds