kernel/linux.git/include/linux/sched.h, branch v6.1.175

randomize_kstack: Maintain kstack_offset per task

2026-06-01T15:38:48+00:00

commit 37beb42560165869838e7d91724f3e629db64129 upstream. kstack_offset was previously maintained per-cpu, but this caused a couple of issues. So let's instead make it per-task. Issue 1: add_random_kstack_offset() and choose_random_kstack_offset() expected and required to be called with interrupts and preemption disabled so that it could manipulate per-cpu state. But arm64, loongarch and risc-v are calling them with interrupts and preemption enabled. I don't _think_ this causes any functional issues, but it's certainly unexpected and could lead to manipulating the wrong cpu's state, which could cause a minor performance degradation due to bouncing the cache lines. By maintaining the state per-task those functions can safely be called in preemptible context. Issue 2: add_random_kstack_offset() is called before executing the syscall and expands the stack using a previously chosen random offset. choose_random_kstack_offset() is called after executing the syscall and chooses and stores a new random offset for the next syscall. With per-cpu storage for this offset, an attacker could force cpu migration during the execution of the syscall and prevent the offset from being updated for the original cpu such that it is predictable for the next syscall on that cpu. By maintaining the state per-task, this problem goes away because the per-task random offset is updated after the syscall regardless of which cpu it is executing on. Fixes: 39218ff4c625 ("stack: Optionally randomize kernel stack offset each syscall") Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/dd8c37bc-795f-4c7a-9086-69e584d8ab24@arm.com/ Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Mark Rutland Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260303150840.3789438-2-ryan.roberts@arm.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ptrace: slightly saner 'get_dumpable()' logic

2026-05-15T12:49:41+00:00

commit 31e62c2ebbfdc3fe3dbdf5e02c92a9dc67087a3a upstream. The 'dumpability' of a task is fundamentally about the memory image of the task - the concept comes from whether it can core dump or not - and makes no sense when you don't have an associated mm. And almost all users do in fact use it only for the case where the task has a mm pointer. But we have one odd special case: ptrace_may_access() uses 'dumpable' to check various other things entirely independently of the MM (typically explicitly using flags like PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS). Including for threads that no longer have a VM (and maybe never did, like most kernel threads). It's not what this flag was designed for, but it is what it is. The ptrace code does check that the uid/gid matches, so you do have to be uid-0 to see kernel thread details, but this means that the traditional "drop capabilities" model doesn't make any difference for this all. Make it all make a *bit* more sense by saying that if you don't have a MM pointer, we'll use a cached "last dumpability" flag if the thread ever had a MM (it will be zero for kernel threads since it is never set), and require a proper CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability to override. Reported-by: Qualys Security Advisory Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Kees Cook Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

rseq: Protect event mask against membarrier IPI

2025-10-19T14:23:21+00:00

[ Upstream commit 6eb350a2233100a283f882c023e5ad426d0ed63b ] rseq_need_restart() reads and clears task::rseq_event_mask with preemption disabled to guard against the scheduler. But membarrier() uses an IPI and sets the PREEMPT bit in the event mask from the IPI, which leaves that RMW operation unprotected. Use guard(irq) if CONFIG_MEMBARRIER is enabled to fix that. Fixes: 2a36ab717e8f ("rseq/membarrier: Add MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_RSEQ") Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [ Applied changes to include/linux/sched.h instead of include/linux/rseq.h ] Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

sched/fair: Fix value reported by hot tasks pulled in /proc/schedstat

2025-02-21T12:48:54+00:00

[ Upstream commit a430d99e349026d53e2557b7b22bd2ebd61fe12a ] In /proc/schedstat, lb_hot_gained reports the number hot tasks pulled during load balance. This value is incremented in can_migrate_task() if the task is migratable and hot. After incrementing the value, load balancer can still decide not to migrate this task leading to wrong accounting. Fix this by incrementing stats when hot tasks are detached. This issue only exists in detach_tasks() where we can decide to not migrate hot task even if it is migratable. However, in detach_one_task(), we migrate it unconditionally. [Swapnil: Handled the case where nr_failed_migrations_hot was not accounted properly and wrote commit log] Fixes: d31980846f96 ("sched: Move up affinity check to mitigate useless redoing overhead") Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Reported-by: "Gautham R. Shenoy" Not-yet-signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra Signed-off-by: Swapnil Sapkal Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241220063224.17767-2-swapnil.sapkal@amd.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

sched/psi: Use task->psi_flags to clear in CPU migration

2025-02-21T12:48:54+00:00

[ Upstream commit 52b33d87b9197c51e8ffdc61873739d90dd0a16f ] The commit d583d360a620 ("psi: Fix psi state corruption when schedule() races with cgroup move") fixed a race problem by making cgroup_move_task() use task->psi_flags instead of looking at the scheduler state. We can extend task->psi_flags usage to CPU migration, which should be a minor optimization for performance and code simplicity. Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Acked-by: Johannes Weiner Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220926081931.45420-1-zhouchengming@bytedance.com Stable-dep-of: a430d99e3490 ("sched/fair: Fix value reported by hot tasks pulled in /proc/schedstat") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

freezer, sched: Report frozen tasks as 'D' instead of 'R'

2025-01-02T09:30:54+00:00

[ Upstream commit f718faf3940e95d5d34af9041f279f598396ab7d ] Before commit: f5d39b020809 ("freezer,sched: Rewrite core freezer logic") the frozen task stat was reported as 'D' in cgroup v1. However, after rewriting the core freezer logic, the frozen task stat is reported as 'R'. This is confusing, especially when a task with stat of 'S' is frozen. This bug can be reproduced with these steps: $ cd /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/ $ mkdir test $ sleep 1000 & [1] 739 // task whose stat is 'S' $ echo 739 > test/cgroup.procs $ echo FROZEN > test/freezer.state $ ps -aux | grep 739 root 739 0.1 0.0 8376 1812 pts/0 R 10:56 0:00 sleep 1000 As shown above, a task whose stat is 'S' was changed to 'R' when it was frozen. To solve this regression, simply maintain the same reported state as before the rewrite. [ mingo: Enhanced the changelog and comments ] Fixes: f5d39b020809 ("freezer,sched: Rewrite core freezer logic") Signed-off-by: Chen Ridong Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Acked-by: Tejun Heo Acked-by: Michal Koutný Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241217004818.3200515-1-chenridong@huaweicloud.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

sched/core: Report correct state for TASK_IDLE | TASK_FREEZABLE

2025-01-02T09:30:54+00:00

[ Upstream commit 0d6b35283bcf1a379cf20066544af8e6a6b16b46 ] task_state_index() ignores uninteresting state flags (such as TASK_FREEZABLE) for most states, but for TASK_IDLE and TASK_RTLOCK_WAIT it does not. So if a task is waiting TASK_IDLE|TASK_FREEZABLE it gets incorrectly reported as TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE or "D". (it is planned for nfsd to change to use this state). Fix this by only testing the interesting bits and not the irrelevant bits in __task_state_index() Signed-off-by: NeilBrown Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/169335025927.5133.4781141800413736103@noble.neil.brown.name Stable-dep-of: f718faf3940e ("freezer, sched: Report frozen tasks as 'D' instead of 'R'") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

cgroup/cpuset: Free DL BW in case can_attach() fails

2023-08-30T14:11:11+00:00

commit 2ef269ef1ac006acf974793d975539244d77b28f upstream. cpuset_can_attach() can fail. Postpone DL BW allocation until all tasks have been checked. DL BW is not allocated per-task but as a sum over all DL tasks migrating. If multiple controllers are attached to the cgroup next to the cpuset controller a non-cpuset can_attach() can fail. In this case free DL BW in cpuset_cancel_attach(). Finally, update cpuset DL task count (nr_deadline_tasks) only in cpuset_attach(). Suggested-by: Waiman Long Signed-off-by: Dietmar Eggemann Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli Reviewed-by: Waiman Long Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef (Google) Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

sched/deadline: Create DL BW alloc, free & check overflow interface

2023-08-30T14:11:11+00:00

commit 85989106feb734437e2d598b639991b9185a43a6 upstream. While moving a set of tasks between exclusive cpusets, cpuset_can_attach() -> task_can_attach() calls dl_cpu_busy(..., p) for DL BW overflow checking and per-task DL BW allocation on the destination root_domain for the DL tasks in this set. This approach has the issue of not freeing already allocated DL BW in the following error cases: (1) The set of tasks includes multiple DL tasks and DL BW overflow checking fails for one of the subsequent DL tasks. (2) Another controller next to the cpuset controller which is attached to the same cgroup fails in its can_attach(). To address this problem rework dl_cpu_busy(): (1) Split it into dl_bw_check_overflow() & dl_bw_alloc() and add a dedicated dl_bw_free(). (2) dl_bw_alloc() & dl_bw_free() take a `u64 dl_bw` parameter instead of a `struct task_struct *p` used in dl_cpu_busy(). This allows to allocate DL BW for a set of tasks too rather than only for a single task. Signed-off-by: Dietmar Eggemann Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef (Google) Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2022-10-14T19:28:43+00:00

Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton: - fix a race which causes page refcounting errors in ZONE_DEVICE pages (Alistair Popple) - fix userfaultfd test harness instability (Peter Xu) - various other patches in MM, mainly fixes * tag 'mm-stable-2022-10-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (29 commits) highmem: fix kmap_to_page() for kmap_local_page() addresses mm/page_alloc: fix incorrect PGFREE and PGALLOC for high-order page mm/selftest: uffd: explain the write missing fault check mm/hugetlb: use hugetlb_pte_stable in migration race check mm/hugetlb: fix race condition of uffd missing/minor handling zram: always expose rw_page LoongArch: update local TLB if PTE entry exists mm: use update_mmu_tlb() on the second thread kasan: fix array-bounds warnings in tests hmm-tests: add test for migrate_device_range() nouveau/dmem: evict device private memory during release nouveau/dmem: refactor nouveau_dmem_fault_copy_one() mm/migrate_device.c: add migrate_device_range() mm/migrate_device.c: refactor migrate_vma and migrate_deivce_coherent_page() mm/memremap.c: take a pgmap reference on page allocation mm: free device private pages have zero refcount mm/memory.c: fix race when faulting a device private page mm/damon: use damon_sz_region() in appropriate place mm/damon: move sz_damon_region to damon_sz_region lib/test_meminit: add checks for the allocation functions ...