kernel/linux.git/fs/namespace.c, branch v5.10.257

fs: Add 'initramfs_options' to set initramfs mount options

2025-10-29T13:01:14+00:00

[ Upstream commit 278033a225e13ec21900f0a92b8351658f5377f2 ] When CONFIG_TMPFS is enabled, the initial root filesystem is a tmpfs. By default, a tmpfs mount is limited to using 50% of the available RAM for its content. This can be problematic in memory-constrained environments, particularly during a kdump capture. In a kdump scenario, the capture kernel boots with a limited amount of memory specified by the 'crashkernel' parameter. If the initramfs is large, it may fail to unpack into the tmpfs rootfs due to insufficient space. This is because to get X MB of usable space in tmpfs, 2*X MB of memory must be available for the mount. This leads to an OOM failure during the early boot process, preventing a successful crash dump. This patch introduces a new kernel command-line parameter, initramfs_options, which allows passing specific mount options directly to the rootfs when it is first mounted. This gives users control over the rootfs behavior. For example, a user can now specify initramfs_options=size=75% to allow the tmpfs to use up to 75% of the available memory. This can significantly reduce the memory pressure for kdump. Consider a practical example: To unpack a 48MB initramfs, the tmpfs needs 48MB of usable space. With the default 50% limit, this requires a memory pool of 96MB to be available for the tmpfs mount. The total memory requirement is therefore approximately: 16MB (vmlinuz) + 48MB (loaded initramfs) + 48MB (unpacked kernel) + 96MB (for tmpfs) + 12MB (runtime overhead) ≈ 220MB. By using initramfs_options=size=75%, the memory pool required for the 48MB tmpfs is reduced to 48MB / 0.75 = 64MB. This reduces the total memory requirement by 32MB (96MB - 64MB), allowing the kdump to succeed with a smaller crashkernel size, such as 192MB. An alternative approach of reusing the existing rootflags parameter was considered. However, a new, dedicated initramfs_options parameter was chosen to avoid altering the current behavior of rootflags (which applies to the final root filesystem) and to prevent any potential regressions. Also add documentation for the new kernel parameter "initramfs_options" This approach is inspired by prior discussions and patches on the topic. Ref: https://www.lightofdawn.org/blog/?viewDetailed=00128 Ref: https://landley.net/notes-2015.html#01-01-2015 Ref: https://lkml.org/lkml/2021/6/29/783 Ref: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.html#what-is-rootfs Signed-off-by: Lichen Liu Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250815121459.3391223-1-lichliu@redhat.com Tested-by: Rob Landley Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

use uniform permission checks for all mount propagation changes

2025-08-28T14:22:52+00:00

[ Upstream commit cffd0441872e7f6b1fce5e78fb1c99187a291330 ] do_change_type() and do_set_group() are operating on different aspects of the same thing - propagation graph. The latter asks for mounts involved to be mounted in namespace(s) the caller has CAP_SYS_ADMIN for. The former is a mess - originally it didn't even check that mount *is* mounted. That got fixed, but the resulting check turns out to be too strict for userland - in effect, we check that mount is in our namespace, having already checked that we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN there. What we really need (in both cases) is * only touch mounts that are mounted. That's a must-have constraint - data corruption happens if it get violated. * don't allow to mess with a namespace unless you already have enough permissions to do so (i.e. CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its userns). That's an equivalent of what do_set_group() does; let's extract that into a helper (may_change_propagation()) and use it in both do_set_group() and do_change_type(). Fixes: 12f147ddd6de "do_change_type(): refuse to operate on unmounted/not ours mounts" Acked-by: Andrei Vagin Reviewed-by: Pavel Tikhomirov Tested-by: Pavel Tikhomirov Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

move_mount: allow to add a mount into an existing group

2025-08-28T14:22:52+00:00

[ Upstream commit 9ffb14ef61bab83fa818736bf3e7e6b6e182e8e2 ] Previously a sharing group (shared and master ids pair) can be only inherited when mount is created via bindmount. This patch adds an ability to add an existing private mount into an existing sharing group. With this functionality one can first create the desired mount tree from only private mounts (without the need to care about undesired mount propagation or mount creation order implied by sharing group dependencies), and next then setup any desired mount sharing between those mounts in tree as needed. This allows CRIU to restore any set of mount namespaces, mount trees and sharing group trees for a container. We have many issues with restoring mounts in CRIU related to sharing groups and propagation: - reverse sharing groups vs mount tree order requires complex mounts reordering which mostly implies also using some temporary mounts (please see https://lkml.org/lkml/2021/3/23/569 for more info) - mount() syscall creates tons of mounts due to propagation - mount re-parenting due to propagation - "Mount Trap" due to propagation - "Non Uniform" propagation, meaning that with different tricks with mount order and temporary children-"lock" mounts one can create mount trees which can't be restored without those tricks (see https://www.linuxplumbersconf.org/event/7/contributions/640/) With this new functionality we can resolve all the problems with propagation at once. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210715100714.120228-1-ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com Cc: Eric W. Biederman Cc: Alexander Viro Cc: Christian Brauner Cc: Mattias Nissler Cc: Aleksa Sarai Cc: Andrei Vagin Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org Cc: lkml Co-developed-by: Andrei Vagin Acked-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Pavel Tikhomirov Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner Stable-dep-of: cffd0441872e ("use uniform permission checks for all mount propagation changes") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

attach_recursive_mnt(): do not lock the covering tree when sliding something under it

2025-07-17T16:27:41+00:00

[ Upstream commit ce7df19686530920f2f6b636e71ce5eb1d9303ef ] If we are propagating across the userns boundary, we need to lock the mounts added there. However, in case when something has already been mounted there and we end up sliding a new tree under that, the stuff that had been there before should not get locked. IOW, lock_mnt_tree() should be called before we reparent the preexisting tree on top of what we are adding. Fixes: 3bd045cc9c4b ("separate copying and locking mount tree on cross-userns copies") Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

do_change_type(): refuse to operate on unmounted/not ours mounts

2025-06-27T10:04:07+00:00

[ Upstream commit 12f147ddd6de7382dad54812e65f3f08d05809fc ] Ensure that propagation settings can only be changed for mounts located in the caller's mount namespace. This change aligns permission checking with the rest of mount(2). Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner Fixes: 07b20889e305 ("beginning of the shared-subtree proper") Reported-by: "Orlando, Noah" Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

__legitimize_mnt(): check for MNT_SYNC_UMOUNT should be under mount_lock

2025-06-04T12:37:07+00:00

[ Upstream commit 250cf3693060a5f803c5f1ddc082bb06b16112a9 ] ... or we risk stealing final mntput from sync umount - raising mnt_count after umount(2) has verified that victim is not busy, but before it has set MNT_SYNC_UMOUNT; in that case __legitimize_mnt() doesn't see that it's safe to quietly undo mnt_count increment and leaves dropping the reference to caller, where it'll be a full-blown mntput(). Check under mount_lock is needed; leaving the current one done before taking that makes no sense - it's nowhere near common enough to bother with. Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

do_umount(): add missing barrier before refcount checks in sync case

2025-06-04T12:36:56+00:00

[ Upstream commit 65781e19dcfcb4aed1167d87a3ffcc2a0c071d47 ] do_umount() analogue of the race fixed in 119e1ef80ecf "fix __legitimize_mnt()/mntput() race". Here we want to make sure that if __legitimize_mnt() doesn't notice our lock_mount_hash(), we will notice their refcount increment. Harder to hit than mntput_no_expire() one, fortunately, and consequences are milder (sync umount acting like umount -l on a rare race with RCU pathwalk hitting at just the wrong time instead of use-after-free galore mntput_no_expire() counterpart used to be hit). Still a bug... Fixes: 48a066e72d97 ("RCU'd vfsmounts") Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

umount: Allow superblock owners to force umount

2025-05-02T05:40:47+00:00

[ Upstream commit e1ff7aa34dec7e650159fd7ca8ec6af7cc428d9f ] Loosen the permission check on forced umount to allow users holding CAP_SYS_ADMIN privileges in namespaces that are privileged with respect to the userns that originally mounted the filesystem. Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/12f212d4ef983714d065a6bb372fbb378753bf4c.1742315194.git.trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

mount: handle OOM on mnt_warn_timestamp_expiry

2024-10-17T13:07:39+00:00

[ Upstream commit 4bcda1eaf184e308f07f9c61d3a535f9ce477ce8 ] If no page could be allocated, an error pointer was used as format string in pr_warn. Rearrange the code to return early in case of OOM. Also add a check for the return value of d_path. Fixes: f8b92ba67c5d ("mount: Add mount warning for impending timestamp expiry") Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240730085856.32385-1-olaf@aepfle.de [brauner: rewrite commit and commit message] Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

fs/namespace: fnic: Switch to use %ptTd

2024-10-17T13:07:39+00:00

[ Upstream commit 74e60b8b2f0fe3702710e648a31725ee8224dbdf ] Use %ptTd instead of open-coded variant to print contents of time64_t type in human readable form. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) Stable-dep-of: 4bcda1eaf184 ("mount: handle OOM on mnt_warn_timestamp_expiry") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin