kernel/linux.git/fs/ext2, branch v6.1.175

ext2: reject inodes with zero i_nlink and valid mode in ext2_iget()

2026-06-01T15:38:46+00:00

commit 25947cc5b2374cd5bf627fe3141496444260d04f upstream. ext2_iget() already rejects inodes with i_nlink == 0 when i_mode is zero or i_dtime is set, treating them as deleted. However, the case of i_nlink == 0 with a non-zero mode and zero dtime slips through. Since ext2 has no orphan list, such a combination can only result from filesystem corruption - a legitimate inode deletion always sets either i_dtime or clears i_mode before freeing the inode. A crafted image can exploit this gap to present such an inode to the VFS, which then triggers WARN_ON inside drop_nlink() (fs/inode.c) via ext2_unlink(), ext2_rename() and ext2_rmdir(): WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 609 at fs/inode.c:336 drop_nlink+0xad/0xd0 fs/inode.c:336 CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 609 Comm: syz-executor Not tainted 6.12.77+ #1 Call Trace: inode_dec_link_count include/linux/fs.h:2518 [inline] ext2_unlink+0x26c/0x300 fs/ext2/namei.c:295 vfs_unlink+0x2fc/0x9b0 fs/namei.c:4477 do_unlinkat+0x53e/0x730 fs/namei.c:4541 __x64_sys_unlink+0xc6/0x110 fs/namei.c:4587 do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x220 arch/x86/entry/common.c:78 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 646 at fs/inode.c:336 drop_nlink+0xad/0xd0 fs/inode.c:336 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 646 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted 6.12.77+ #1 Call Trace: inode_dec_link_count include/linux/fs.h:2518 [inline] ext2_rename+0x35e/0x850 fs/ext2/namei.c:374 vfs_rename+0xf2f/0x2060 fs/namei.c:5021 do_renameat2+0xbe2/0xd50 fs/namei.c:5178 __x64_sys_rename+0x7e/0xa0 fs/namei.c:5223 do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x220 arch/x86/entry/common.c:78 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 634 at fs/inode.c:336 drop_nlink+0xad/0xd0 fs/inode.c:336 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 634 Comm: syz-executor Not tainted 6.12.77+ #1 Call Trace: inode_dec_link_count include/linux/fs.h:2518 [inline] ext2_rmdir+0xca/0x110 fs/ext2/namei.c:311 vfs_rmdir+0x204/0x690 fs/namei.c:4348 do_rmdir+0x372/0x3e0 fs/namei.c:4407 __x64_sys_unlinkat+0xf0/0x130 fs/namei.c:4577 do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x220 arch/x86/entry/common.c:78 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Extend the existing i_nlink == 0 check to also catch this case, reporting the corruption via ext2_error() and returning -EFSCORRUPTED. This rejects the inode at load time and prevents it from reaching any of the namei.c paths. Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller. Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Vasiliy Kovalev Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260404152011.2590197-1-kovalev@altlinux.org Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

minmax: add in_range() macro

2025-10-02T11:40:41+00:00

[ Upstream commit f9bff0e31881d03badf191d3b0005839391f5f2b ] Patch series "New page table range API", v6. This patchset changes the API used by the MM to set up page table entries. The four APIs are: set_ptes(mm, addr, ptep, pte, nr) update_mmu_cache_range(vma, addr, ptep, nr) flush_dcache_folio(folio) flush_icache_pages(vma, page, nr) flush_dcache_folio() isn't technically new, but no architecture implemented it, so I've done that for them. The old APIs remain around but are mostly implemented by calling the new interfaces. The new APIs are based around setting up N page table entries at once. The N entries belong to the same PMD, the same folio and the same VMA, so ptep++ is a legitimate operation, and locking is taken care of for you. Some architectures can do a better job of it than just a loop, but I have hesitated to make too deep a change to architectures I don't understand well. One thing I have changed in every architecture is that PG_arch_1 is now a per-folio bit instead of a per-page bit when used for dcache clean/dirty tracking. This was something that would have to happen eventually, and it makes sense to do it now rather than iterate over every page involved in a cache flush and figure out if it needs to happen. The point of all this is better performance, and Fengwei Yin has measured improvement on x86. I suspect you'll see improvement on your architecture too. Try the new will-it-scale test mentioned here: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20230206140639.538867-5-fengwei.yin@intel.com/ You'll need to run it on an XFS filesystem and have CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE set. This patchset is the basis for much of the anonymous large folio work being done by Ryan, so it's received quite a lot of testing over the last few months. This patch (of 38): Determine if a value lies within a range more efficiently (subtraction + comparison vs two comparisons and an AND). It also has useful (under some circumstances) behaviour if the range exceeds the maximum value of the type. Convert all the conflicting definitions of in_range() within the kernel; some can use the generic definition while others need their own definition. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230802151406.3735276-1-willy@infradead.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230802151406.3735276-2-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Eliav Farber Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ext2: Handle fiemap on empty files to prevent EINVAL

2025-08-28T14:25:51+00:00

[ Upstream commit a099b09a3342a0b28ea330e405501b5b4d0424b4 ] Previously, ext2_fiemap would unconditionally apply "len = min_t(u64, len, i_size_read(inode));", When inode->i_size was 0 (for an empty file), this would reduce the requested len to 0. Passing len = 0 to iomap_fiemap could then result in an -EINVAL error, even for valid queries on empty files. Link: https://github.com/linux-test-project/ltp/issues/1246 Signed-off-by: Wei Gao Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250613152402.3432135-1-wegao@suse.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

ext2: Verify bitmap and itable block numbers before using them

2024-08-03T06:49:32+00:00

commit 322a6aff03937aa1ece33b4e46c298eafaf9ac41 upstream. Verify bitmap block numbers and inode table blocks are sane before using them for checking bits in the block bitmap. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ext2: fix datatype of block number in ext2_xattr_set2()

2023-09-23T09:11:05+00:00

[ Upstream commit e88076348425b7d0491c8c98d8732a7df8de7aa3 ] I run a small server that uses external hard drives for backups. The backup software I use uses ext2 filesystems with 4KiB block size and the server is running SELinux and therefore relies on xattr. I recently upgraded the hard drives from 4TB to 12TB models. I noticed that after transferring some TBs I got a filesystem error "Freeing blocks not in datazone - block = 18446744071529317386, count = 1" and the backup process stopped. Trying to fix the fs with e2fsck resulted in a completely corrupted fs. The error probably came from ext2_free_blocks(), and because of the large number 18e19 this problem immediately looked like some kind of integer overflow. Whereas the 4TB fs was about 1e9 blocks, the new 12TB is about 3e9 blocks. So, searching the ext2 code, I came across the line in fs/ext2/xattr.c:745 where ext2_new_block() is called and the resulting block number is stored in the variable block as an int datatype. If a block with a block number greater than INT32_MAX is returned, this variable overflows and the call to sb_getblk() at line fs/ext2/xattr.c:750 fails, then the call to ext2_free_blocks() produces the error. Signed-off-by: Georg Ottinger Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Message-Id: <20230815100340.22121-1-g.ottinger@gmx.at> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

ext2: Drop fragment support

2023-08-11T10:08:24+00:00

commit 404615d7f1dcd4cca200e9a7a9df3a1dcae1dd62 upstream. Ext2 has fields in superblock reserved for subblock allocation support. However that never landed. Drop the many years dead code. Reported-by: syzbot+af5e10f73dbff48f70af@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ext2/dax: Fix ext2_setsize when len is page aligned

2023-07-23T11:49:34+00:00

commit fcced95b6ba2a507a83b8b3e0358a8ac16b13e35 upstream. PAGE_ALIGN(x) macro gives the next highest value which is multiple of pagesize. But if x is already page aligned then it simply returns x. So, if x passed is 0 in dax_zero_range() function, that means the length gets passed as 0 to ->iomap_begin(). In ext2 it then calls ext2_get_blocks -> max_blocks as 0 and hits bug_on here in ext2_get_blocks(). BUG_ON(maxblocks == 0); Instead we should be calling dax_truncate_page() here which takes care of it. i.e. it only calls dax_zero_range if the offset is not page/block aligned. This can be easily triggered with following on fsdax mounted pmem device. dd if=/dev/zero of=file count=1 bs=512 truncate -s 0 file [79.525838] EXT2-fs (pmem0): DAX enabled. Warning: EXPERIMENTAL, use at your own risk [79.529376] ext2 filesystem being mounted at /mnt1/test supports timestamps until 2038 (0x7fffffff) [93.793207] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [93.795102] kernel BUG at fs/ext2/inode.c:637! [93.796904] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI [93.798659] CPU: 0 PID: 1192 Comm: truncate Not tainted 6.3.0-rc2-xfstests-00056-g131086faa369 #139 [93.806459] RIP: 0010:ext2_get_blocks.constprop.0+0x524/0x610 <...> [93.835298] Call Trace: [93.836253] [93.837103] ? lock_acquire+0xf8/0x110 [93.838479] ? d_lookup+0x69/0xd0 [93.839779] ext2_iomap_begin+0xa7/0x1c0 [93.841154] iomap_iter+0xc7/0x150 [93.842425] dax_zero_range+0x6e/0xa0 [93.843813] ext2_setsize+0x176/0x1b0 [93.845164] ext2_setattr+0x151/0x200 [93.846467] notify_change+0x341/0x4e0 [93.847805] ? lock_acquire+0xf8/0x110 [93.849143] ? do_truncate+0x74/0xe0 [93.850452] ? do_truncate+0x84/0xe0 [93.851739] do_truncate+0x84/0xe0 [93.852974] do_sys_ftruncate+0x2b4/0x2f0 [93.854404] do_syscall_64+0x3f/0x90 [93.855789] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 2aa3048e03d3 ("iomap: switch iomap_zero_range to use iomap_iter") Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Message-Id: <046a58317f29d9603d1068b2bbae47c2332c17ae.1682069716.git.ritesh.list@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

ext2: Check block size validity during mount

2023-05-24T16:32:36+00:00

[ Upstream commit 62aeb94433fcec80241754b70d0d1836d5926b0a ] Check that log of block size stored in the superblock has sensible value. Otherwise the shift computing the block size can overflow leading to undefined behavior. Reported-by: syzbot+4fec412f59eba8c01b77@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

ext2: unbugger ext2_empty_dir()

2023-01-07T10:11:40+00:00

commit 27e714c007e4ad01837bf0fac5c11913a38d7695 upstream. In 27cfa258951a "ext2: fix fs corruption when trying to remove a non-empty directory with IO error" a funny thing has happened: - page = ext2_get_page(inode, i, dir_has_error, &page_addr); + page = ext2_get_page(inode, i, 0, &page_addr); - if (IS_ERR(page)) { - dir_has_error = 1; - continue; - } + if (IS_ERR(page)) + goto not_empty; And at not_empty: we hit ext2_put_page(page, page_addr), which does put_page(page). Which, unless I'm very mistaken, should oops immediately when given ERR_PTR(-E...) as page. OK, shit happens, insufficiently tested patches included. But when commit in question describes the fault-injection test that exercised that particular failure exit... Ow. CC: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 27cfa258951a ("ext2: fix fs corruption when trying to remove a non-empty directory with IO error") Signed-off-by: Al Viro Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

treewide: use prandom_u32_max() when possible, part 2

2022-10-11T23:42:58+00:00

Rather than incurring a division or requesting too many random bytes for the given range, use the prandom_u32_max() function, which only takes the minimum required bytes from the RNG and avoids divisions. This was done by hand, covering things that coccinelle could not do on its own. Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman Reviewed-by: Kees Cook Reviewed-by: Yury Norov Reviewed-by: Jan Kara # for ext2, ext4, and sbitmap Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld