kernel/linux.git/drivers/ras/ras.c, branch v6.19.11

APEI/GHES: ARM processor Error: don't go past allocated memory

2026-03-04T12:19:37+00:00

[ Upstream commit 87880af2d24e62a84ed19943dbdd524f097172f2 ] If the BIOS generates a very small ARM Processor Error, or an incomplete one, the current logic will fail to deferrence err->section_length and ctx_info->size Add checks to avoid that. With such changes, such GHESv2 records won't cause OOPSes like this: [ 1.492129] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000005 [#1] SMP [ 1.495449] Modules linked in: [ 1.495820] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9 Comm: kworker/0:0 Not tainted 6.18.0-rc1-00017-gabadcc3553dd-dirty #18 PREEMPT [ 1.496125] Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 02/02/2022 [ 1.496433] Workqueue: kacpi_notify acpi_os_execute_deferred [ 1.496967] pstate: 814000c5 (Nzcv daIF +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 1.497199] pc : log_arm_hw_error+0x5c/0x200 [ 1.497380] lr : ghes_handle_arm_hw_error+0x94/0x220 0xffff8000811c5324 is in log_arm_hw_error (../drivers/ras/ras.c:75). 70 err_info = (struct cper_arm_err_info *)(err + 1); 71 ctx_info = (struct cper_arm_ctx_info *)(err_info + err->err_info_num); 72 ctx_err = (u8 *)ctx_info; 73 74 for (n = 0; n < err->context_info_num; n++) { 75 sz = sizeof(struct cper_arm_ctx_info) + ctx_info->size; 76 ctx_info = (struct cper_arm_ctx_info *)((long)ctx_info + sz); 77 ctx_len += sz; 78 } 79 and similar ones while trying to access section_length on an error dump with too small size. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel Reviewed-by: Hanjun Guo [ rjw: Subject tweaks ] Link: https://patch.msgid.link/7fd9f38413be05ee2d7cfdb0dc31ea2274cf1a54.1767871950.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

RAS: Report all ARM processor CPER information to userspace

2025-11-21T08:42:02+00:00

The ARM processor CPER record was added in UEFI v2.6 and remained unchanged up to v2.10. Yet, the original arm_event trace code added by e9279e83ad1f ("trace, ras: add ARM processor error trace event") is incomplete, as it only traces some fields of UAPI 2.6 table N.16, not exporting any information from tables N.17 to N.29 of the record. This is not enough for the user to be able to figure out what has exactly happened or to take appropriate action. According to the UEFI v2.9 specification chapter N2.4.4, the ARM processor error section includes: - several (ERR_INFO_NUM) ARM processor error information structures (Tables N.17 to N.20); - several (CONTEXT_INFO_NUM) ARM processor context information structures (Tables N.21 to N.29); - several vendor specific error information structures. The size is given by Section Length minus the size of the other fields. In addition, it also exports two fields that are parsed by the GHES driver when firmware reports it, e.g.: - error severity - CPU logical index Report all of these information to userspace via a the ARM tracepoint so that userspace can properly record the error and take decisions related to CPU core isolation according to error severity and other info. The updated ARM trace event now contains the following fields: ====================================== ============================= UEFI field on table N.16 ARM Processor trace fields ====================================== ============================= Validation handled when filling data for affinity MPIDR and running state. ERR_INFO_NUM pei_len CONTEXT_INFO_NUM ctx_len Section Length indirectly reported by pei_len, ctx_len and oem_len Error affinity level affinity MPIDR_EL1 mpidr MIDR_EL1 midr Running State running_state PSCI State psci_state Processor Error Information Structure pei_err - count at pei_len Processor Context ctx_err- count at ctx_len Vendor Specific Error Info oem - count at oem_len ====================================== ============================= It should be noted that decoding of tables N.17 to N.29, if needed, will be handled in userspace. That gives more flexibility, as there won't be any need to flood the kernel with micro-architecture specific error decoding. Also, decoding the other fields require a complex logic, and should be done for each of the several values inside the record field. So, let userspace daemons like rasdaemon decode them, parsing such tables and having vendor-specific micro-architecture-specific decoders. [mchehab: modified description, solved merge conflicts and fixed coding style] Signed-off-by: Jason Tian Co-developed-by: Shengwei Luo Signed-off-by: Shengwei Luo Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Signed-off-by: Daniel Ferguson # rebased Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron Tested-by: Shiju Jose Acked-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) Fixes: e9279e83ad1f ("trace, ras: add ARM processor error trace event") Link: https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/Apx_N_Common_Platform_Error_Record.html#arm-processor-error-section Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel

RAS: Export log_non_standard_event() to drivers

2025-09-15T14:20:29+00:00

The function log_non_standard_event() is responsible for logging platform-specific or vendor-defined RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability) events. Currently, this function is only available within the RAS subsystem, preventing external modules from leveraging its capabilities. Export it to drivers to log non-standard RAS events via EDAC. Signed-off-by: Shubhrajyoti Datta Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250908115649.22903-1-shubhrajyoti.datta@amd.com

RAS: Introduce AMD Address Translation Library

2024-01-24T11:49:35+00:00

AMD Zen-based systems report memory errors through Machine Check banks representing Unified Memory Controllers (UMCs). The address value reported for DRAM ECC errors is a "normalized address" that is relative to the UMC. This normalized address must be converted to a system physical address to be usable by the OS. Support for this address translation was introduced to the MCA subsystem with Zen1 systems. The code was later moved to the AMD64 EDAC module, since this was the only user of the code at the time. However, there are uses for this translation outside of EDAC. The system physical address can be used in MCA for preemptive page offlining as done in some MCA notifier functions. Also, this translation is needed as the basis of similar functionality needed for some CXL configurations on AMD systems. Introduce a common address translation library that can be used for multiple subsystems including MCA, EDAC, and CXL. Include support for UMC normalized to system physical address translation for current CPU systems. The Data Fabric Indirect register access offsets and one of the register fields were changed. Default to the current offsets and register field definition. And fallback to the older values if running on a "legacy" system. Provide built-in code to facilitate the loading and unloading of the library module without affecting other modules or built-in code. Signed-off-by: Yazen Ghannam Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240123041401.79812-2-yazen.ghannam@amd.com

RAS: Use consistent types for UUIDs

2019-01-25T15:40:40+00:00

The commit 297b64c74385 ("ras: acpi / apei: generate trace event for unrecognized CPER section") brought inconsistency in UUID types which are used across the RAS subsystem. Fix this by using guid_t everywhere. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" Cc: "Steven Rostedt (VMware)" Cc: Bjorn Helgaas Cc: Thomas Tai Cc: Tony Luck Cc: Tyler Baicar Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190125143035.81589-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55+00:00

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux

2017-07-06T00:09:27+00:00

Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon: - RAS reporting via GHES/APEI (ACPI) - Indirect ftrace trampolines for modules - Improvements to kernel fault reporting - Page poisoning - Sigframe cleanups and preparation for SVE context - Core dump fixes - Sparse fixes (mainly relating to endianness) - xgene SoC PMU v3 driver - Misc cleanups and non-critical fixes * tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (75 commits) arm64: fix endianness annotation for 'struct jit_ctx' and friends arm64: cpuinfo: constify attribute_group structures. arm64: ptrace: Fix incorrect get_user() use in compat_vfp_set() arm64: ptrace: Remove redundant overrun check from compat_vfp_set() arm64: ptrace: Avoid setting compat FP[SC]R to garbage if get_user fails arm64: fix endianness annotation for __apply_alternatives()/get_alt_insn() arm64: fix endianness annotation in get_kaslr_seed() arm64: add missing conversion to __wsum in ip_fast_csum() arm64: fix endianness annotation in acpi_parking_protocol.c arm64: use readq() instead of readl() to read 64bit entry_point arm64: fix endianness annotation for reloc_insn_movw() & reloc_insn_imm() arm64: fix endianness annotation for aarch64_insn_write() arm64: fix endianness annotation in aarch64_insn_read() arm64: fix endianness annotation in call_undef_hook() arm64: fix endianness annotation for debug-monitors.c ras: mark stub functions as 'inline' arm64: pass endianness info to sparse arm64: ftrace: fix !CONFIG_ARM64_MODULE_PLTS kernels arm64: signal: Allow expansion of the signal frame acpi: apei: check for pending errors when probing GHES entries ...

trace, ras: add ARM processor error trace event

2017-06-22T17:22:05+00:00

Currently there are trace events for the various RAS errors with the exception of ARM processor type errors. Add a new trace event for such errors so that the user will know when they occur. These trace events are consistent with the ARM processor error section type defined in UEFI 2.6 spec section N.2.4.4. Signed-off-by: Tyler Baicar Acked-by: Steven Rostedt Reviewed-by: Xie XiuQi Signed-off-by: Will Deacon

ras: acpi / apei: generate trace event for unrecognized CPER section

2017-06-22T17:22:04+00:00

The UEFI spec includes non-standard section type support in the Common Platform Error Record. This is defined in section N.2.3 of UEFI version 2.5. Currently if the CPER section's type (UUID) does not match any section type that the kernel knows how to parse, a trace event is not generated. Generate a trace event which contains the raw error data for non-standard section type error records. Signed-off-by: Tyler Baicar CC: Jonathan (Zhixiong) Zhang Tested-by: Shiju Jose Signed-off-by: Will Deacon

RAS: Make local function parse_ras_param() static

2017-05-21T19:55:12+00:00

Make parse_ras_param() static as it is used locally only. Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170516161034.2973-1-weiyj.lk@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner