kernel/linux.git/drivers/md/dm-snap.c, branch linux-4.20.y

dm snapshot: Fix excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls

2019-01-26T08:20:48+00:00

[ Upstream commit 721b1d98fb517ae99ab3b757021cf81db41e67be ] kcopyd has no upper limit to the number of jobs one can allocate and issue. Under certain workloads this can lead to excessive memory usage and workqueue stalls. For example, when creating multiple dm-snapshot targets with a 4K chunk size and then writing to the origin through the page cache. Syncing the page cache causes a large number of BIOs to be issued to the dm-snapshot origin target, which itself issues an even larger (because of the BIO splitting taking place) number of kcopyd jobs. Running the following test, from the device mapper test suite [1], dmtest run --suite snapshot -n many_snapshots_of_same_volume_N , with 8 active snapshots, results in the kcopyd job slab cache growing to 10G. Depending on the available system RAM this can lead to the OOM killer killing user processes: [463.492878] kthreadd invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x6040c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_COMP), nodemask=(null), order=1, oom_score_adj=0 [463.492894] kthreadd cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 [463.492948] CPU: 7 PID: 2 Comm: kthreadd Not tainted 4.19.0-rc7 #3 [463.492950] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014 [463.492952] Call Trace: [463.492964] dump_stack+0x7d/0xbb [463.492973] dump_header+0x6b/0x2fc [463.492987] ? lockdep_hardirqs_on+0xee/0x190 [463.493012] oom_kill_process+0x302/0x370 [463.493021] out_of_memory+0x113/0x560 [463.493030] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0xf40/0x1020 [463.493055] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x348/0x3c0 [463.493067] cache_grow_begin+0x81/0x8b0 [463.493072] ? cache_grow_begin+0x874/0x8b0 [463.493078] fallback_alloc+0x1e4/0x280 [463.493092] kmem_cache_alloc_node+0xd6/0x370 [463.493098] ? copy_process.part.31+0x1c5/0x20d0 [463.493105] copy_process.part.31+0x1c5/0x20d0 [463.493115] ? __lock_acquire+0x3cc/0x1550 [463.493121] ? __switch_to_asm+0x34/0x70 [463.493129] ? kthread_create_worker_on_cpu+0x70/0x70 [463.493135] ? finish_task_switch+0x90/0x280 [463.493165] _do_fork+0xe0/0x6d0 [463.493191] ? kthreadd+0x19f/0x220 [463.493233] kernel_thread+0x25/0x30 [463.493235] kthreadd+0x1bf/0x220 [463.493242] ? kthread_create_on_cpu+0x90/0x90 [463.493248] ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x50 [463.493279] Mem-Info: [463.493285] active_anon:20631 inactive_anon:4831 isolated_anon:0 [463.493285] active_file:80216 inactive_file:80107 isolated_file:435 [463.493285] unevictable:0 dirty:51266 writeback:109372 unstable:0 [463.493285] slab_reclaimable:31191 slab_unreclaimable:3483521 [463.493285] mapped:526 shmem:4903 pagetables:1759 bounce:0 [463.493285] free:33623 free_pcp:2392 free_cma:0 ... [463.493489] Unreclaimable slab info: [463.493513] Name Used Total [463.493522] bio-6 1028KB 1028KB [463.493525] bio-5 1028KB 1028KB [463.493528] dm_snap_pending_exception 236783KB 243789KB [463.493531] dm_exception 41KB 42KB [463.493534] bio-4 1216KB 1216KB [463.493537] bio-3 439396KB 439396KB [463.493539] kcopyd_job 6973427KB 6973427KB ... [463.494340] Out of memory: Kill process 1298 (ruby2.3) score 1 or sacrifice child [463.494673] Killed process 1298 (ruby2.3) total-vm:435740kB, anon-rss:20180kB, file-rss:4kB, shmem-rss:0kB [463.506437] oom_reaper: reaped process 1298 (ruby2.3), now anon-rss:0kB, file-rss:0kB, shmem-rss:0kB Moreover, issuing a large number of kcopyd jobs results in kcopyd hogging the CPU, while processing them. As a result, processing of work items, queued for execution on the same CPU as the currently running kcopyd thread, is stalled for long periods of time, hurting performance. Running the aforementioned test we get, in dmesg, messages like the following: [67501.194592] BUG: workqueue lockup - pool cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 stuck for 27s! [67501.195586] Showing busy workqueues and worker pools: [67501.195591] workqueue events: flags=0x0 [67501.195597] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195611] pending: cache_reap [67501.195641] workqueue mm_percpu_wq: flags=0x8 [67501.195645] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195656] pending: vmstat_update [67501.195682] workqueue kblockd: flags=0x18 [67501.195687] pwq 5: cpus=2 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=-20 active=1/256 [67501.195698] pending: blk_timeout_work [67501.195753] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195757] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195768] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195802] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195806] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195817] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195834] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195838] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195848] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195881] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195885] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/256 [67501.195896] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195920] workqueue kcopyd: flags=0x8 [67501.195924] pwq 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=2/256 [67501.195935] in-flight: 67:do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195945] pending: do_work [dm_mod] [67501.195961] pool 8: cpus=4 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 hung=27s workers=3 idle: 129 23765 The root cause for these issues is the way dm-snapshot uses kcopyd. In particular, the lack of an explicit or implicit limit to the maximum number of in-flight COW jobs. The merging path is not affected because it implicitly limits the in-flight kcopyd jobs to one. Fix these issues by using a semaphore to limit the maximum number of in-flight kcopyd jobs. We grab the semaphore before allocating a new kcopyd job in start_copy() and start_full_bio() and release it after the job finishes in copy_callback(). The initial semaphore value is configurable through a module parameter, to allow fine tuning the maximum number of in-flight COW jobs. Setting this parameter to zero initializes the semaphore to INT_MAX. A default value of 2048 maximum in-flight kcopyd jobs was chosen. This value was decided experimentally as a trade-off between memory consumption, stalling the kernel's workqueues and maintaining a high enough throughput. Re-running the aforementioned test: * Workqueue stalls are eliminated * kcopyd's job slab cache uses a maximum of 130MB * The time taken by the test to write to the snapshot-origin target is reduced from 05m20.48s to 03m26.38s [1] https://github.com/jthornber/device-mapper-test-suite Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis Signed-off-by: Ilias Tsitsimpis Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

dm snapshot: remove stale FIXME in snapshot_map()

2018-08-09T00:50:58+00:00

Commit ae1093be ("dm snapshot: use mutex instead of rw_semaphore") eliminated the need to worry about read vs write locking. So remove a FIXME in snapshot_map() that is concerned about selectively taking a write lock. Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer

dm snapshot: improve performance by switching out_of_order_list to rbtree

2018-08-08T14:41:49+00:00

copy_complete()'s processing of out_of_order_list can result in quadratic complexity in the worst case. As such it was the source of consuming too much cpu and the source of significant loss in performance. Fix this by converting out_of_order_list to an rbtree. This improved a dm-snapshot test copy workload from 32 seconds to 4 seconds. Signed-off-by: David Jeffery Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Tested-by: Brett Hull Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer

treewide: kmalloc() -> kmalloc_array()

2018-06-12T23:19:22+00:00

The kmalloc() function has a 2-factor argument form, kmalloc_array(). This patch replaces cases of: kmalloc(a * b, gfp) with: kmalloc_array(a * b, gfp) as well as handling cases of: kmalloc(a * b * c, gfp) with: kmalloc(array3_size(a, b, c), gfp) as it's slightly less ugly than: kmalloc_array(array_size(a, b), c, gfp) This does, however, attempt to ignore constant size factors like: kmalloc(4 * 1024, gfp) though any constants defined via macros get caught up in the conversion. Any factors with a sizeof() of "unsigned char", "char", and "u8" were dropped, since they're redundant. The tools/ directory was manually excluded, since it has its own implementation of kmalloc(). The Coccinelle script used for this was: // Fix redundant parens around sizeof(). @@ type TYPE; expression THING, E; @@ ( kmalloc( - (sizeof(TYPE)) * E + sizeof(TYPE) * E , ...) | kmalloc( - (sizeof(THING)) * E + sizeof(THING) * E , ...) ) // Drop single-byte sizes and redundant parens. @@ expression COUNT; typedef u8; typedef __u8; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) ) // 2-factor product with sizeof(type/expression) and identifier or constant. @@ type TYPE; expression THING; identifier COUNT_ID; constant COUNT_CONST; @@ ( - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) ) // 2-factor product, only identifiers. @@ identifier SIZE, COUNT; @@ - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - SIZE * COUNT + COUNT, SIZE , ...) // 3-factor product with 1 sizeof(type) or sizeof(expression), with // redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING; identifier STRIDE, COUNT; type TYPE; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product with 2 sizeof(variable), with redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING1, THING2; identifier COUNT; type TYPE1, TYPE2; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(TYPE2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product, only identifiers, with redundant parens removed. @@ identifier STRIDE, SIZE, COUNT; @@ ( kmalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) ) // Any remaining multi-factor products, first at least 3-factor products, // when they're not all constants... @@ expression E1, E2, E3; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kmalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * (E3) + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - E1 * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) ) // And then all remaining 2 factors products when they're not all constants, // keeping sizeof() as the second factor argument. @@ expression THING, E1, E2; type TYPE; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kmalloc(sizeof(THING) * C2, ...) | kmalloc(sizeof(TYPE) * C2, ...) | kmalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kmalloc(C1 * C2, ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * E2 + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * E2 + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - (E1) * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - (E1) * (E2) + E1, E2 , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - E1 * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) ) Signed-off-by: Kees Cook

dm: Use kzalloc for all structs with embedded biosets/mempools

2018-06-05T14:47:43+00:00

mempool_init()/bioset_init() require that the mempools/biosets be zeroed first; they probably should not _require_ this, but not allocating those structs with kzalloc is a fairly nonsensical thing to do (calling mempool_exit()/bioset_exit() on an uninitialized mempool/bioset is legal and safe, but only works if said memory was zeroed.) Acked-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

dm: convert to bioset_init()/mempool_init()

2018-05-30T21:33:32+00:00

Convert dm to embedded bio sets. Acked-by: Mike Snitzer Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

dm snapshot: use mutex instead of rw_semaphore

2018-01-17T14:16:14+00:00

The rw_semaphore is acquired for read only in two places, neither is performance-critical. So replace it with a mutex -- which is more efficient. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer

dm: fix various targets to dm_register_target after module __init resources created

2017-12-04T15:23:10+00:00

A NULL pointer is seen if two concurrent "vgchange -ay -K " processes race to load the dm-thin-pool module: PID: 25992 TASK: ffff883cd7d23500 CPU: 4 COMMAND: "vgchange" #0 [ffff883cd743d600] machine_kexec at ffffffff81038fa9 0000001 [ffff883cd743d660] crash_kexec at ffffffff810c5992 0000002 [ffff883cd743d730] oops_end at ffffffff81515c90 0000003 [ffff883cd743d760] no_context at ffffffff81049f1b 0000004 [ffff883cd743d7b0] __bad_area_nosemaphore at ffffffff8104a1a5 0000005 [ffff883cd743d800] bad_area at ffffffff8104a2ce 0000006 [ffff883cd743d830] __do_page_fault at ffffffff8104aa6f 0000007 [ffff883cd743d950] do_page_fault at ffffffff81517bae 0000008 [ffff883cd743d980] page_fault at ffffffff81514f95 [exception RIP: kmem_cache_alloc+108] RIP: ffffffff8116ef3c RSP: ffff883cd743da38 RFLAGS: 00010046 RAX: 0000000000000004 RBX: ffffffff81121b90 RCX: ffff881bf1e78cc0 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000000000d0 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffff883cd743da68 R8: ffff881bf1a4eb00 R9: 0000000080042000 R10: 0000000000002000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000000000d0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00000000000000d0 R15: 0000000000000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff CS: 0010 SS: 0018 0000009 [ffff883cd743da70] mempool_alloc_slab at ffffffff81121ba5 0000010 [ffff883cd743da80] mempool_create_node at ffffffff81122083 0000011 [ffff883cd743dad0] mempool_create at ffffffff811220f4 0000012 [ffff883cd743dae0] pool_ctr at ffffffffa08de049 [dm_thin_pool] 0000013 [ffff883cd743dbd0] dm_table_add_target at ffffffffa0005f2f [dm_mod] 0000014 [ffff883cd743dc30] table_load at ffffffffa0008ba9 [dm_mod] 0000015 [ffff883cd743dc90] ctl_ioctl at ffffffffa0009dc4 [dm_mod] The race results in a NULL pointer because: Process A (vgchange -ay -K): a. send DM_LIST_VERSIONS_CMD ioctl; b. pool_target not registered; c. modprobe dm_thin_pool and wait until end. Process B (vgchange -ay -K): a. send DM_LIST_VERSIONS_CMD ioctl; b. pool_target registered; c. table_load->dm_table_add_target->pool_ctr; d. _new_mapping_cache is NULL and panic. Note: 1. process A and process B are two concurrent processes. 2. pool_target can be detected by process B but _new_mapping_cache initialization has not ended. To fix dm-thin-pool, and other targets (cache, multipath, and snapshot) with the same problem, simply dm_register_target() after all resources created during module init (as labelled with __init) are finished. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: monty Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer

block: replace bi_bdev with a gendisk pointer and partitions index

2017-08-23T18:49:55+00:00

This way we don't need a block_device structure to submit I/O. The block_device has different life time rules from the gendisk and request_queue and is usually only available when the block device node is open. Other callers need to explicitly create one (e.g. the lightnvm passthrough code, or the new nvme multipathing code). For the actual I/O path all that we need is the gendisk, which exists once per block device. But given that the block layer also does partition remapping we additionally need a partition index, which is used for said remapping in generic_make_request. Note that all the block drivers generally want request_queue or sometimes the gendisk, so this removes a layer of indirection all over the stack. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

block: switch bios to blk_status_t

2017-06-09T15:27:32+00:00

Replace bi_error with a new bi_status to allow for a clear conversion. Note that device mapper overloaded bi_error with a private value, which we'll have to keep arround at least for now and thus propagate to a proper blk_status_t value. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe