kernel/linux.git/arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_asm.h, branch linux-7.0.y

powerpc: Replace ASSEMBLY with ASSEMBLER in non-uapi headers

2025-09-01T07:53:29+00:00

While the GCC and Clang compilers already define __ASSEMBLER__ automatically when compiling assembler code, __ASSEMBLY__ is a macro that only gets defined by the Makefiles in the kernel. This is bad since macros starting with two underscores are names that are reserved by the C language. It can also be very confusing for the developers when switching between userspace and kernelspace coding, or when dealing with uapi headers that rather should use __ASSEMBLER__ instead. So let's standardize now on the __ASSEMBLER__ macro that is provided by the compilers. This is almost a completely mechanical patch (done with a simple "sed -i" statement), apart from tweaking two comments manually in arch/powerpc/include/asm/bug.h and arch/powerpc/include/asm/kasan.h (which did not have proper underscores at the end) and fixing a checkpatch error about spaces in arch/powerpc/include/asm/spu_csa.h. Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250801082007.32904-3-thuth@redhat.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV Nested: Avoid extra mftb() in nested entry

2021-11-24T10:09:02+00:00

mftb() is expensive and one can be avoided on nested guest dispatch. If the time checking code distinguishes between the L0 timer and the nested HV timer, then both can be tested in the same place with the same mftb() value. This also nicely illustrates the relationship between the L0 and nested HV timers. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211123095231.1036501-45-npiggin@gmail.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV P9: implement hash host / hash guest support

2021-06-10T12:12:15+00:00

Implement support for hash guests under hash host. This has to save and restore the host SLB, and ensure that the MMU is off while switching into the guest SLB. POWER9 and later CPUs now always go via the P9 path. The "fast" guest mode is now renamed to the P9 mode, which is consistent with its functionality and the rest of the naming. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210528090752.3542186-32-npiggin@gmail.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV P9: implement hash guest support

2021-06-10T12:12:15+00:00

Implement hash guest support. Guest entry/exit has to restore and save/clear the SLB, plus several other bits to accommodate hash guests in the P9 path. Radix host, hash guest support is removed from the P7/8 path. The HPT hcalls and faults are not handled in real mode, which is a performance regression. A worst-case fork/exit microbenchmark takes 3x longer after this patch. kbuild benchmark performance is in the noise, but the slowdown is likely to be noticed somewhere. For now, accept this penalty for the benefit of simplifying the P7/8 paths and unifying P9 hash with the new code, because hash is a less important configuration than radix on processors that support it. Hash will benefit from future optimisations to this path, including possibly a faster path to handle such hcalls and interrupts without doing a full exit. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210528090752.3542186-31-npiggin@gmail.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Remove support for dependent threads mode on P9

2021-06-10T12:12:14+00:00

Dependent-threads mode is the normal KVM mode for pre-POWER9 SMT processors, where all threads in a core (or subcore) would run the same partition at the same time, or they would run the host. This design was mandated by MMU state that is shared between threads in a processor, so the synchronisation point is in hypervisor real-mode that has essentially no shared state, so it's safe for multiple threads to gather and switch to the correct mode. It is implemented by having the host unplug all secondary threads and always run in SMT1 mode, and host QEMU threads essentially represent virtual cores that wake these secondary threads out of unplug when the ioctl is called to run the guest. This happens via a side-path that is mostly invisible to the rest of the Linux host and the secondary threads still appear to be unplugged. POWER9 / ISA v3.0 has a more flexible MMU design that is independent per-thread and allows a much simpler KVM implementation. Before the new "P9 fast path" was added that began to take advantage of this, POWER9 support was implemented in the existing path which has support to run in the dependent threads mode. So it was not much work to add support to run POWER9 in this dependent threads mode. The mode is not required by the POWER9 MMU (although "mixed-mode" hash / radix MMU limitations of early processors were worked around using this mode). But it is one way to run SMT guests without running different guests or guest and host on different threads of the same core, so it could avoid or reduce some SMT attack surfaces without turning off SMT entirely. This security feature has some real, if indeterminate, value. However the old path is lagging in features (nested HV), and with this series the new P9 path adds remaining missing features (radix prefetch bug and hash support, in later patches), so POWER9 dependent threads mode support would be the only remaining reason to keep that code in and keep supporting POWER9/POWER10 in the old path. So here we make the call to drop this feature. Remove dependent threads mode support for POWER9 and above processors. Systems can still achieve this security by disabling SMT entirely, but that would generally come at a larger performance cost for guests. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210528090752.3542186-23-npiggin@gmail.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV P9: Implement the rest of the P9 path in C

2021-06-10T12:12:13+00:00

Almost all logic is moved to C, by introducing a new in_guest mode for the P9 path that branches very early in the KVM interrupt handler to P9 exit code. The main P9 entry and exit assembly is now only about 160 lines of low level stack setup and register save/restore, plus a bad-interrupt handler. There are two motivations for this, the first is just make the code more maintainable being in C. The second is to reduce the amount of code running in a special KVM mode, "realmode". In quotes because with radix it is no longer necessarily real-mode in the MMU, but it still has to be treated specially because it may be in real-mode, and has various important registers like PID, DEC, TB, etc set to guest. This is hostile to the rest of Linux and can't use arbitrary kernel functionality or be instrumented well. This initial patch is a reasonably faithful conversion of the asm code, but it does lack any loop to return quickly back into the guest without switching out of realmode in the case of unimportant or easily handled interrupts. As explained in previous changes, handling HV interrupts very quickly in this low level realmode is not so important for P9 performance, and are important to avoid for security, observability, debugability reasons. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin Reviewed-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210528090752.3542186-15-npiggin@gmail.com

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Treat TM-related invalid form instructions on P9 like the valid ones

2020-03-19T05:39:52+00:00

On P9 DD2.2 due to a CPU defect some TM instructions need to be emulated by KVM. This is handled at first by the hardware raising a softpatch interrupt when certain TM instructions that need KVM assistance are executed in the guest. Althought some TM instructions per Power ISA are invalid forms they can raise a softpatch interrupt too. For instance, 'tresume.' instruction as defined in the ISA must have bit 31 set (1), but an instruction that matches 'tresume.' PO and XO opcode fields but has bit 31 not set (0), like 0x7cfe9ddc, also raises a softpatch interrupt. Similarly for 'treclaim.' and 'trechkpt.' instructions with bit 31 = 0, i.e. 0x7c00075c and 0x7c0007dc, respectively. Hence, if a code like the following is executed in the guest it will raise a softpatch interrupt just like a 'tresume.' when the TM facility is enabled ('tabort. 0' in the example is used only to enable the TM facility): int main() { asm("tabort. 0; .long 0x7cfe9ddc;"); } Currently in such a case KVM throws a complete trace like: [345523.705984] WARNING: CPU: 24 PID: 64413 at arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_hv_tm.c:211 kvmhv_p9_tm_emulation+0x68/0x620 [kvm_hv] [345523.705985] Modules linked in: kvm_hv(E) xt_conntrack ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_tcpudp ip6table_mangle ip6table_nat iptable_mangle iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 ebtable_filter ebtables ip6table_filter ip6_tables iptable_filter bridge stp llc sch_fq_codel ipmi_powernv at24 vmx_crypto ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler ibmpowernv uio_pdrv_genirq kvm opal_prd uio leds_powernv ib_iser rdma_cm iw_cm ib_cm ib_core iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi ip_tables x_tables autofs4 btrfs blake2b_generic zstd_compress raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_memcpy async_pq async_xor async_tx libcrc32c xor raid6_pq raid1 raid0 multipath linear tg3 crct10dif_vpmsum crc32c_vpmsum ipr [last unloaded: kvm_hv] [345523.706030] CPU: 24 PID: 64413 Comm: CPU 0/KVM Tainted: G W E 5.5.0+ #1 [345523.706031] NIP: c0080000072cb9c0 LR: c0080000072b5e80 CTR: c0080000085c7850 [345523.706034] REGS: c000000399467680 TRAP: 0700 Tainted: G W E (5.5.0+) [345523.706034] MSR: 900000010282b033 CR: 24022428 XER: 00000000 [345523.706042] CFAR: c0080000072b5e7c IRQMASK: 0 GPR00: c0080000072b5e80 c000000399467910 c0080000072db500 c000000375ccc720 GPR04: c000000375ccc720 00000003fbec0000 0000a10395dda5a6 0000000000000000 GPR08: 000000007cfe9ddc 7cfe9ddc000005dc 7cfe9ddc7c0005dc c0080000072cd530 GPR12: c0080000085c7850 c0000003fffeb800 0000000000000001 00007dfb737f0000 GPR16: c0002001edcca558 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 GPR20: c000000001b21258 c0002001edcca558 0000000000000018 0000000000000000 GPR24: 0000000001000000 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000001 0000000000001500 GPR28: c0002001edcc4278 c00000037dd80000 800000050280f033 c000000375ccc720 [345523.706062] NIP [c0080000072cb9c0] kvmhv_p9_tm_emulation+0x68/0x620 [kvm_hv] [345523.706065] LR [c0080000072b5e80] kvmppc_handle_exit_hv.isra.53+0x3e8/0x798 [kvm_hv] [345523.706066] Call Trace: [345523.706069] [c000000399467910] [c000000399467940] 0xc000000399467940 (unreliable) [345523.706071] [c000000399467950] [c000000399467980] 0xc000000399467980 [345523.706075] [c0000003994679f0] [c0080000072bd1c4] kvmhv_run_single_vcpu+0xa1c/0xb80 [kvm_hv] [345523.706079] [c000000399467ac0] [c0080000072bd8e0] kvmppc_vcpu_run_hv+0x5b8/0xb00 [kvm_hv] [345523.706087] [c000000399467b90] [c0080000085c93cc] kvmppc_vcpu_run+0x34/0x48 [kvm] [345523.706095] [c000000399467bb0] [c0080000085c582c] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x244/0x420 [kvm] [345523.706101] [c000000399467c40] [c0080000085b7498] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x3d0/0x7b0 [kvm] [345523.706105] [c000000399467db0] [c0000000004adf9c] ksys_ioctl+0x13c/0x170 [345523.706107] [c000000399467e00] [c0000000004adff8] sys_ioctl+0x28/0x80 [345523.706111] [c000000399467e20] [c00000000000b278] system_call+0x5c/0x68 [345523.706112] Instruction dump: [345523.706114] 419e0390 7f8a4840 409d0048 6d497c00 2f89075d 419e021c 6d497c00 2f8907dd [345523.706119] 419e01c0 6d497c00 2f8905dd 419e00a4 <0fe00000> 38210040 38600000 ebc1fff0 and then treats the executed instruction as a 'nop'. However the POWER9 User's Manual, in section "4.6.10 Book II Invalid Forms", informs that for TM instructions bit 31 is in fact ignored, thus for the TM-related invalid forms ignoring bit 31 and handling them like the valid forms is an acceptable way to handle them. POWER8 behaves the same way too. This commit changes the handling of the cases here described by treating the TM-related invalid forms that can generate a softpatch interrupt just like their valid forms (w/ bit 31 = 1) instead of as a 'nop' and by gently reporting any other unrecognized case to the host and treating it as illegal instruction instead of throwing a trace and treating it as a 'nop'. Signed-off-by: Gustavo Romero Reviewed-by: Segher Boessenkool Acked-By: Michael Neuling Reviewed-by: Leonardo Bras Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 266

2019-06-05T15:30:28+00:00

Based on 1 normalized pattern(s): this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as published by the free software foundation this program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along with this program if not write to the free software foundation 51 franklin street fifth floor boston ma 02110 1301 usa extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier GPL-2.0-only has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 67 file(s). Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Reviewed-by: Allison Randal Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana Reviewed-by: Alexios Zavras Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190529141333.953658117@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

KVM: PPC: Book3S: Simplify external interrupt handling

2018-10-09T05:04:27+00:00

Currently we use two bits in the vcpu pending_exceptions bitmap to indicate that an external interrupt is pending for the guest, one for "one-shot" interrupts that are cleared when delivered, and one for interrupts that persist until cleared by an explicit action of the OS (e.g. an acknowledge to an interrupt controller). The BOOK3S_IRQPRIO_EXTERNAL bit is used for one-shot interrupt requests and BOOK3S_IRQPRIO_EXTERNAL_LEVEL is used for persisting interrupts. In practice BOOK3S_IRQPRIO_EXTERNAL never gets used, because our Book3S platforms generally, and pseries in particular, expect external interrupt requests to persist until they are acknowledged at the interrupt controller. That combined with the confusion introduced by having two bits for what is essentially the same thing makes it attractive to simplify things by only using one bit. This patch does that. With this patch there is only BOOK3S_IRQPRIO_EXTERNAL, and by default it has the semantics of a persisting interrupt. In order to avoid breaking the ABI, we introduce a new "external_oneshot" flag which preserves the behaviour of the KVM_INTERRUPT ioctl with the KVM_INTERRUPT_SET argument. Reviewed-by: David Gibson Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Work around transactional memory bugs in POWER9

2018-03-23T13:39:13+00:00

POWER9 has hardware bugs relating to transactional memory and thread reconfiguration (changes to hardware SMT mode). Specifically, the core does not have enough storage to store a complete checkpoint of all the architected state for all four threads. The DD2.2 version of POWER9 includes hardware modifications designed to allow hypervisor software to implement workarounds for these problems. This patch implements those workarounds in KVM code so that KVM guests see a full, working transactional memory implementation. The problems center around the use of TM suspended state, where the CPU has a checkpointed state but execution is not transactional. The workaround is to implement a "fake suspend" state, which looks to the guest like suspended state but the CPU does not store a checkpoint. In this state, any instruction that would cause a transition to transactional state (rfid, rfebb, mtmsrd, tresume) or would use the checkpointed state (treclaim) causes a "soft patch" interrupt (vector 0x1500) to the hypervisor so that it can be emulated. The trechkpt instruction also causes a soft patch interrupt. On POWER9 DD2.2, we avoid returning to the guest in any state which would require a checkpoint to be present. The trechkpt in the guest entry path which would normally create that checkpoint is replaced by either a transition to fake suspend state, if the guest is in suspend state, or a rollback to the pre-transactional state if the guest is in transactional state. Fake suspend state is indicated by a flag in the PACA plus a new bit in the PSSCR. The new PSSCR bit is write-only and reads back as 0. On exit from the guest, if the guest is in fake suspend state, we still do the treclaim instruction as we would in real suspend state, in order to get into non-transactional state, but we do not save the resulting register state since there was no checkpoint. Emulation of the instructions that cause a softpatch interrupt is handled in two paths. If the guest is in real suspend mode, we call kvmhv_p9_tm_emulation_early() to handle the cases where the guest is transitioning to transactional state. This is called before we do the treclaim in the guest exit path; because we haven't done treclaim, we can get back to the guest with the transaction still active. If the instruction is a case that kvmhv_p9_tm_emulation_early() doesn't handle, or if the guest is in fake suspend state, then we proceed to do the complete guest exit path and subsequently call kvmhv_p9_tm_emulation() in host context with the MMU on. This handles all the cases including the cases that generate program interrupts (illegal instruction or TM Bad Thing) and facility unavailable interrupts. The emulation is reasonably straightforward and is mostly concerned with checking for exception conditions and updating the state of registers such as MSR and CR0. The treclaim emulation takes care to ensure that the TEXASR register gets updated as if it were the guest treclaim instruction that had done failure recording, not the treclaim done in hypervisor state in the guest exit path. With this, the KVM_CAP_PPC_HTM capability returns true (1) even if transactional memory is not available to host userspace. Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman