kernel/linux.git/arch/arm/vfp, branch v6.1.168

printk: Userspace format indexing support

2021-07-19T09:57:48+00:00

We have a number of systems industry-wide that have a subset of their functionality that works as follows: 1. Receive a message from local kmsg, serial console, or netconsole; 2. Apply a set of rules to classify the message; 3. Do something based on this classification (like scheduling a remediation for the machine), rinse, and repeat. As a couple of examples of places we have this implemented just inside Facebook, although this isn't a Facebook-specific problem, we have this inside our netconsole processing (for alarm classification), and as part of our machine health checking. We use these messages to determine fairly important metrics around production health, and it's important that we get them right. While for some kinds of issues we have counters, tracepoints, or metrics with a stable interface which can reliably indicate the issue, in order to react to production issues quickly we need to work with the interface which most kernel developers naturally use when developing: printk. Most production issues come from unexpected phenomena, and as such usually the code in question doesn't have easily usable tracepoints or other counters available for the specific problem being mitigated. We have a number of lines of monitoring defence against problems in production (host metrics, process metrics, service metrics, etc), and where it's not feasible to reliably monitor at another level, this kind of pragmatic netconsole monitoring is essential. As one would expect, monitoring using printk is rather brittle for a number of reasons -- most notably that the message might disappear entirely in a new version of the kernel, or that the message may change in some way that the regex or other classification methods start to silently fail. One factor that makes this even harder is that, under normal operation, many of these messages are never expected to be hit. For example, there may be a rare hardware bug which one wants to detect if it was to ever happen again, but its recurrence is not likely or anticipated. This precludes using something like checking whether the printk in question was printed somewhere fleetwide recently to determine whether the message in question is still present or not, since we don't anticipate that it should be printed anywhere, but still need to monitor for its future presence in the long-term. This class of issue has happened on a number of occasions, causing unhealthy machines with hardware issues to remain in production for longer than ideal. As a recent example, some monitoring around blk_update_request fell out of date and caused semi-broken machines to remain in production for longer than would be desirable. Searching through the codebase to find the message is also extremely fragile, because many of the messages are further constructed beyond their callsite (eg. btrfs_printk and other module-specific wrappers, each with their own functionality). Even if they aren't, guessing the format and formulation of the underlying message based on the aesthetics of the message emitted is not a recipe for success at scale, and our previous issues with fleetwide machine health checking demonstrate as much. This provides a solution to the issue of silently changed or deleted printks: we record pointers to all printk format strings known at compile time into a new .printk_index section, both in vmlinux and modules. At runtime, this can then be iterated by looking at /printk/index/, which emits the following format, both readable by humans and able to be parsed by machines: $ head -1 vmlinux; shuf -n 5 vmlinux # filename:line function "format" <5> block/blk-settings.c:661 disk_stack_limits "%s: Warning: Device %s is misaligned\n" <4> kernel/trace/trace.c:8296 trace_create_file "Could not create tracefs '%s' entry\n" <6> arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c:144 _hpet_print_config "hpet: %s(%d):\n" <6> init/do_mounts.c:605 prepare_namespace "Waiting for root device %s...\n" <6> drivers/acpi/osl.c:1410 acpi_no_auto_serialize_setup "ACPI: auto-serialization disabled\n" This mitigates the majority of cases where we have a highly-specific printk which we want to match on, as we can now enumerate and check whether the format changed or the printk callsite disappeared entirely in userspace. This allows us to catch changes to printks we monitor earlier and decide what to do about it before it becomes problematic. There is no additional runtime cost for printk callers or printk itself, and the assembly generated is exactly the same. Signed-off-by: Chris Down Cc: Petr Mladek Cc: Jessica Yu Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky Cc: John Ogness Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Kees Cook Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek Tested-by: Petr Mladek Reported-by: kernel test robot Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko Acked-by: Jessica Yu # for module.{c,h} Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e42070983637ac5e384f17fbdbe86d19c7b212a5.1623775748.git.chris@chrisdown.name

ARM: 9044/1: vfp: use undef hook for VFP support detection

2020-12-21T11:19:19+00:00

Commit f77ac2e378be9dd6 ("ARM: 9030/1: entry: omit FP emulation for UND exceptions taken in kernel mode") failed to take into account that there is in fact a case where we relied on this code path: during boot, the VFP detection code issues a read of FPSID, which will trigger an undef exception on cores that lack VFP support. So let's reinstate this logic using an undef hook which is registered only for the duration of the initcall to vpf_init(), and which sets VFP_arch to a non-zero value - as before - if no VFP support is present. Fixes: f77ac2e378be9dd6 ("ARM: 9030/1: entry: omit FP emulation for UND ...") Reported-by: "kernelci.org bot" Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel Signed-off-by: Russell King

ARM: 9030/1: entry: omit FP emulation for UND exceptions taken in kernel mode

2020-12-08T10:15:00+00:00

There are a couple of problems with the exception entry code that deals with FP exceptions (which are reported as UND exceptions) when building the kernel in Thumb2 mode: - the conditional branch to vfp_kmode_exception in vfp_support_entry() may be out of range for its target, depending on how the linker decides to arrange the sections; - when the UND exception is taken in kernel mode, the emulation handling logic is entered via the 'call_fpe' label, which means we end up using the wrong value/mask pairs to match and detect the NEON opcodes. Since UND exceptions in kernel mode are unlikely to occur on a hot path (as opposed to the user mode version which is invoked for VFP support code and lazy restore), we can use the existing undef hook machinery for any kernel mode instruction emulation that is needed, including calling the existing vfp_kmode_exception() routine for unexpected cases. So drop the call to call_fpe, and instead, install an undef hook that will get called for NEON and VFP instructions that trigger an UND exception in kernel mode. While at it, make sure that the PC correction is accurate for the execution mode where the exception was taken, by checking the PSR Thumb bit. Cc: Dmitry Osipenko Cc: Kees Cook Fixes: eff8728fe698 ("vmlinux.lds.h: Add PGO and AutoFDO input sections") Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers Signed-off-by: Russell King

ARM: 8991/1: use VFP assembler mnemonics if available

2020-07-21T15:33:39+00:00

The integrated assembler of Clang 10 and earlier do not allow to access the VFP registers through the coprocessor load/store instructions: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmodule.c:342:2: error: invalid operand for instruction fmxr(FPEXC, fpexc & ~(FPEXC_EX|FPEXC_DEX|FPEXC_FP2V|FPEXC_VV|FPEXC_TRAP_MASK)); ^ arch/arm/vfp/vfpinstr.h:79:6: note: expanded from macro 'fmxr' asm("mcr p10, 7, %0, " vfpreg(_vfp_) ", cr0, 0 @ fmxr " #_vfp_ ", %0" ^ :1:6: note: instantiated into assembly here mcr p10, 7, r0, cr8, cr0, 0 @ fmxr FPEXC, r0 ^ This has been addressed with Clang 11 [0]. However, to support earlier versions of Clang and for better readability use of VFP assembler mnemonics still is preferred. Ideally we would replace this code with the unified assembler language mnemonics vmrs/vmsr on call sites along with .fpu assembler directives. The GNU assembler supports the .fpu directive at least since 2.17 (when documentation has been added). Since Linux requires binutils 2.21 it is safe to use .fpu directive. However, binutils does not allow to use FPINST or FPINST2 as an argument to vmrs/vmsr instructions up to binutils 2.24 (see binutils commit 16d02dc907c5): arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S: Assembler messages: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S:162: Error: operand 0 must be FPSID or FPSCR pr FPEXC -- `vmsr FPINST,r6' arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S:165: Error: operand 0 must be FPSID or FPSCR pr FPEXC -- `vmsr FPINST2,r8' arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S:235: Error: operand 1 must be a VFP extension System Register -- `vmrs r3,FPINST' arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S:238: Error: operand 1 must be a VFP extension System Register -- `vmrs r12,FPINST2' Use as-instr in Kconfig to check if FPINST/FPINST2 can be used. If they can be used make use of .fpu directives and UAL VFP mnemonics for register access. This allows to build vfpmodule.c with Clang and its integrated assembler. [0] https://reviews.llvm.org/D59733 Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/905 Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner Signed-off-by: Russell King

ARM: 8989/1: use .fpu assembler directives instead of assembler arguments

2020-07-21T15:33:37+00:00

Explicit FPU selection has been introduced in commit 1a6be26d5b1a ("[ARM] Enable VFP to be built when non-VFP capable CPUs are selected") to make use of assembler mnemonics for VFP instructions. However, clang currently does not support passing assembler flags like this and errors out with: clang-10: error: the clang compiler does not support '-Wa,-mfpu=softvfp+vfp' Make use of the .fpu assembler directives to select the floating point hardware selectively. Also use the new unified assembler language mnemonics. This allows to build these procedures with Clang. Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/762 Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner Signed-off-by: Russell King

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500

2019-06-19T15:09:55+00:00

Based on 2 normalized pattern(s): this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as published by the free software foundation this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as published by the free software foundation # extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier GPL-2.0-only has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 4122 file(s). Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Allison Randal Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190604081206.933168790@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Makefile/Kconfig

2019-05-21T08:50:46+00:00

Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which: - Have no license information of any form These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX license identifier is: GPL-2.0-only Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Merge branch 'spectre' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

2018-11-14T19:40:22+00:00

Pull ARM fix from Russell King: "It was noticed that one of Julien's patches contained an error, this fixes that up" * 'spectre' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: ARM: 8810/1: vfp: Fix wrong assignement to ufp_exc

ARM: 8810/1: vfp: Fix wrong assignement to ufp_exc

2018-11-12T10:51:01+00:00

In vfp_preserve_user_clear_hwstate, ufp_exc->fpinst2 gets assigned to itself. It should actually be hwstate->fpinst2 that gets assigned to the ufp_exc field. Fixes commit 3aa2df6ec2ca6bc143a65351cca4266d03a8bc41 ("ARM: 8791/1: vfp: use __copy_to_user() when saving VFP state"). Reported-by: David Binderman Signed-off-by: Julien Thierry Signed-off-by: Russell King

Merge branch 'siginfo-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace

2018-10-24T10:22:39+00:00

Pull siginfo updates from Eric Biederman: "I have been slowly sorting out siginfo and this is the culmination of that work. The primary result is in several ways the signal infrastructure has been made less error prone. The code has been updated so that manually specifying SEND_SIG_FORCED is never necessary. The conversion to the new siginfo sending functions is now complete, which makes it difficult to send a signal without filling in the proper siginfo fields. At the tail end of the patchset comes the optimization of decreasing the size of struct siginfo in the kernel from 128 bytes to about 48 bytes on 64bit. The fundamental observation that enables this is by definition none of the known ways to use struct siginfo uses the extra bytes. This comes at the cost of a small user space observable difference. For the rare case of siginfo being injected into the kernel only what can be copied into kernel_siginfo is delivered to the destination, the rest of the bytes are set to 0. For cases where the signal and the si_code are known this is safe, because we know those bytes are not used. For cases where the signal and si_code combination is unknown the bits that won't fit into struct kernel_siginfo are tested to verify they are zero, and the send fails if they are not. I made an extensive search through userspace code and I could not find anything that would break because of the above change. If it turns out I did break something it will take just the revert of a single change to restore kernel_siginfo to the same size as userspace siginfo. Testing did reveal dependencies on preferring the signo passed to sigqueueinfo over si->signo, so bit the bullet and added the complexity necessary to handle that case. Testing also revealed bad things can happen if a negative signal number is passed into the system calls. Something no sane application will do but something a malicious program or a fuzzer might do. So I have fixed the code that performs the bounds checks to ensure negative signal numbers are handled" * 'siginfo-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (80 commits) signal: Guard against negative signal numbers in copy_siginfo_from_user32 signal: Guard against negative signal numbers in copy_siginfo_from_user signal: In sigqueueinfo prefer sig not si_signo signal: Use a smaller struct siginfo in the kernel signal: Distinguish between kernel_siginfo and siginfo signal: Introduce copy_siginfo_from_user and use it's return value signal: Remove the need for __ARCH_SI_PREABLE_SIZE and SI_PAD_SIZE signal: Fail sigqueueinfo if si_signo != sig signal/sparc: Move EMT_TAGOVF into the generic siginfo.h signal/unicore32: Use force_sig_fault where appropriate signal/unicore32: Generate siginfo in ucs32_notify_die signal/unicore32: Use send_sig_fault where appropriate signal/arc: Use force_sig_fault where appropriate signal/arc: Push siginfo generation into unhandled_exception signal/ia64: Use force_sig_fault where appropriate signal/ia64: Use the force_sig(SIGSEGV,...) in ia64_rt_sigreturn signal/ia64: Use the generic force_sigsegv in setup_frame signal/arm/kvm: Use send_sig_mceerr signal/arm: Use send_sig_fault where appropriate signal/arm: Use force_sig_fault where appropriate ...