/* * Generic infrastructure for lifetime debugging of objects. * * Started by Thomas Gleixner * * Copyright (C) 2008, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> * * For licencing details see kernel-base/COPYING */ #include <linux/debugobjects.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <linux/debugfs.h> #include <linux/hash.h> #define ODEBUG_HASH_BITS 14 #define ODEBUG_HASH_SIZE (1 << ODEBUG_HASH_BITS) #define ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE 512 #define ODEBUG_POOL_MIN_LEVEL 256 #define ODEBUG_CHUNK_SHIFT PAGE_SHIFT #define ODEBUG_CHUNK_SIZE (1 << ODEBUG_CHUNK_SHIFT) #define ODEBUG_CHUNK_MASK (~(ODEBUG_CHUNK_SIZE - 1)) struct debug_bucket { struct hlist_head list; spinlock_t lock; }; static struct debug_bucket obj_hash[ODEBUG_HASH_SIZE]; static struct debug_obj obj_static_pool[ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE]; static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pool_lock); static HLIST_HEAD(obj_pool); static int obj_pool_min_free = ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE; static int obj_pool_free = ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE; static int obj_pool_used; static int obj_pool_max_used; static struct kmem_cache *obj_cache; static int debug_objects_maxchain __read_mostly; static int debug_objects_fixups __read_mostly; static int debug_objects_warnings __read_mostly; static int debug_objects_enabled __read_mostly; static struct debug_obj_descr *descr_test __read_mostly; static int __init enable_object_debug(char *str) { debug_objects_enabled = 1; return 0; } early_param("debug_objects", enable_object_debug); static const char *obj_states[ODEBUG_STATE_MAX] = { [ODEBUG_STATE_NONE] = "none", [ODEBUG_STATE_INIT] = "initialized", [ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE] = "inactive", [ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE] = "active", [ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED] = "destroyed", [ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE] = "not available", }; static int fill_pool(void) { gfp_t gfp = GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN; struct debug_obj *new; unsigned long flags; if (likely(obj_pool_free >= ODEBUG_POOL_MIN_LEVEL)) return obj_pool_free; if (unlikely(!obj_cache)) return obj_pool_free; while (obj_pool_free < ODEBUG_POOL_MIN_LEVEL) { new = kmem_cache_zalloc(obj_cache, gfp); if (!new) return obj_pool_free; spin_lock_irqsave(&pool_lock, flags); hlist_add_head(&new->node, &obj_pool); obj_pool_free++; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool_lock, flags); } return obj_pool_free; } /* * Lookup an object in the hash bucket. */ static struct debug_obj *lookup_object(void *addr, struct debug_bucket *b) { struct hlist_node *node; struct debug_obj *obj; int cnt = 0; hlist_for_each_entry(obj, node, &b->list, node) { cnt++; if (obj->object == addr) return obj; } if (cnt > debug_objects_maxchain) debug_objects_maxchain = cnt; return NULL; } /* * Allocate a new object. If the pool is empty, switch off the debugger. * Must be called with interrupts disabled. */ static struct debug_obj * alloc_object(void *addr, struct debug_bucket *b, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { struct debug_obj *obj = NULL; spin_lock(&pool_lock); if (obj_pool.first) { obj = hlist_entry(obj_pool.first, typeof(*obj), node); obj->object = addr; obj->descr = descr; obj->state = ODEBUG_STATE_NONE; hlist_del(&obj->node); hlist_add_head(&obj->node, &b->list); obj_pool_used++; if (obj_pool_used > obj_pool_max_used) obj_pool_max_used = obj_pool_used; obj_pool_free--; if (obj_pool_free < obj_pool_min_free) obj_pool_min_free = obj_pool_free; } spin_unlock(&pool_lock); return obj; } /* * Put the object back into the pool or give it back to kmem_cache: */ static void free_object(struct debug_obj *obj) { unsigned long idx = (unsigned long)(obj - obj_static_pool); unsigned long flags; if (obj_pool_free < ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE || idx < ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE) { spin_lock_irqsave(&pool_lock, flags); hlist_add_head(&obj->node, &obj_pool); obj_pool_free++; obj_pool_used--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool_lock, flags); } else { spin_lock_irqsave(&pool_lock, flags); obj_pool_used--; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool_lock, flags); kmem_cache_free(obj_cache, obj); } } /* * We run out of memory. That means we probably have tons of objects * allocated. */ static void debug_objects_oom(void) { struct debug_bucket *db = obj_hash; struct hlist_node *node, *tmp; HLIST_HEAD(freelist); struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; int i; printk(KERN_WARNING "ODEBUG: Out of memory. ODEBUG disabled\n"); for (i = 0; i < ODEBUG_HASH_SIZE; i++, db++) { spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); hlist_move_list(&db->list, &freelist); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); /* Now free them */ hlist_for_each_entry_safe(obj, node, tmp, &freelist, node) { hlist_del(&obj->node); free_object(obj); } } } /* * We use the pfn of the address for the hash. That way we can check * for freed objects simply by checking the affected bucket. */ static struct debug_bucket *get_bucket(unsigned long addr) { unsigned long hash; hash = hash_long((addr >> ODEBUG_CHUNK_SHIFT), ODEBUG_HASH_BITS); return &obj_hash[hash]; } static void debug_print_object(struct debug_obj *obj, char *msg) { static int limit; if (limit < 5 && obj->descr != descr_test) { limit++; WARN(1, KERN_ERR "ODEBUG: %s %s object type: %s\n", msg, obj_states[obj->state], obj->descr->name); } debug_objects_warnings++; } /* * Try to repair the damage, so we have a better chance to get useful * debug output. */ static void debug_object_fixup(int (*fixup)(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state), void * addr, enum debug_obj_state state) { if (fixup) debug_objects_fixups += fixup(addr, state); } static void debug_object_is_on_stack(void *addr, int onstack) { int is_on_stack; static int limit; if (limit > 4) return; is_on_stack = object_is_on_stack(addr); if (is_on_stack == onstack) return; limit++; if (is_on_stack) printk(KERN_WARNING "ODEBUG: object is on stack, but not annotated\n"); else printk(KERN_WARNING "ODEBUG: object is not on stack, but annotated\n"); WARN_ON(1); } static void __debug_object_init(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr, int onstack) { enum debug_obj_state state; struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; fill_pool(); db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (!obj) { obj = alloc_object(addr, db, descr); if (!obj) { debug_objects_enabled = 0; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_objects_oom(); return; } debug_object_is_on_stack(addr, onstack); } switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_NONE: case ODEBUG_STATE_INIT: case ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE: obj->state = ODEBUG_STATE_INIT; break; case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_print_object(obj, "init"); state = obj->state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_init, addr, state); return; case ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED: debug_print_object(obj, "init"); break; default: break; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); } /** * debug_object_init - debug checks when an object is initialized * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_init(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; __debug_object_init(addr, descr, 0); } /** * debug_object_init_on_stack - debug checks when an object on stack is * initialized * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_init_on_stack(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; __debug_object_init(addr, descr, 1); } /** * debug_object_activate - debug checks when an object is activated * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_activate(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { enum debug_obj_state state; struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (obj) { switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_INIT: case ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE: obj->state = ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE; break; case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_print_object(obj, "activate"); state = obj->state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_activate, addr, state); return; case ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED: debug_print_object(obj, "activate"); break; default: break; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); return; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); /* * This happens when a static object is activated. We * let the type specific code decide whether this is * true or not. */ debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_activate, addr, ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE); } /** * debug_object_deactivate - debug checks when an object is deactivated * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_deactivate(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (obj) { switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_INIT: case ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE: case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: obj->state = ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE; break; case ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED: debug_print_object(obj, "deactivate"); break; default: break; } } else { struct debug_obj o = { .object = addr, .state = ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE, .descr = descr }; debug_print_object(&o, "deactivate"); } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); } /** * debug_object_destroy - debug checks when an object is destroyed * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_destroy(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { enum debug_obj_state state; struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (!obj) goto out_unlock; switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_NONE: case ODEBUG_STATE_INIT: case ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE: obj->state = ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED; break; case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_print_object(obj, "destroy"); state = obj->state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_destroy, addr, state); return; case ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED: debug_print_object(obj, "destroy"); break; default: break; } out_unlock: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); } /** * debug_object_free - debug checks when an object is freed * @addr: address of the object * @descr: pointer to an object specific debug description structure */ void debug_object_free(void *addr, struct debug_obj_descr *descr) { enum debug_obj_state state; struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (!obj) goto out_unlock; switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_print_object(obj, "free"); state = obj->state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_free, addr, state); return; default: hlist_del(&obj->node); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); free_object(obj); return; } out_unlock: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); } #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE static void __debug_check_no_obj_freed(const void *address, unsigned long size) { unsigned long flags, oaddr, saddr, eaddr, paddr, chunks; struct hlist_node *node, *tmp; HLIST_HEAD(freelist); struct debug_obj_descr *descr; enum debug_obj_state state; struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; int cnt; saddr = (unsigned long) address; eaddr = saddr + size; paddr = saddr & ODEBUG_CHUNK_MASK; chunks = ((eaddr - paddr) + (ODEBUG_CHUNK_SIZE - 1)); chunks >>= ODEBUG_CHUNK_SHIFT; for (;chunks > 0; chunks--, paddr += ODEBUG_CHUNK_SIZE) { db = get_bucket(paddr); repeat: cnt = 0; spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); hlist_for_each_entry_safe(obj, node, tmp, &db->list, node) { cnt++; oaddr = (unsigned long) obj->object; if (oaddr < saddr || oaddr >= eaddr) continue; switch (obj->state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_print_object(obj, "free"); descr = obj->descr; state = obj->state; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_free, (void *) oaddr, state); goto repeat; default: hlist_del(&obj->node); hlist_add_head(&obj->node, &freelist); break; } } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); /* Now free them */ hlist_for_each_entry_safe(obj, node, tmp, &freelist, node) { hlist_del(&obj->node); free_object(obj); } if (cnt > debug_objects_maxchain) debug_objects_maxchain = cnt; } } void debug_check_no_obj_freed(const void *address, unsigned long size) { if (debug_objects_enabled) __debug_check_no_obj_freed(address, size); } #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS static int debug_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) { seq_printf(m, "max_chain :%d\n", debug_objects_maxchain); seq_printf(m, "warnings :%d\n", debug_objects_warnings); seq_printf(m, "fixups :%d\n", debug_objects_fixups); seq_printf(m, "pool_free :%d\n", obj_pool_free); seq_printf(m, "pool_min_free :%d\n", obj_pool_min_free); seq_printf(m, "pool_used :%d\n", obj_pool_used); seq_printf(m, "pool_max_used :%d\n", obj_pool_max_used); return 0; } static int debug_stats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { return single_open(filp, debug_stats_show, NULL); } static const struct file_operations debug_stats_fops = { .open = debug_stats_open, .read = seq_read, .llseek = seq_lseek, .release = single_release, }; static int __init debug_objects_init_debugfs(void) { struct dentry *dbgdir, *dbgstats; if (!debug_objects_enabled) return 0; dbgdir = debugfs_create_dir("debug_objects", NULL); if (!dbgdir) return -ENOMEM; dbgstats = debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, dbgdir, NULL, &debug_stats_fops); if (!dbgstats) goto err; return 0; err: debugfs_remove(dbgdir); return -ENOMEM; } __initcall(debug_objects_init_debugfs); #else static inline void debug_objects_init_debugfs(void) { } #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_SELFTEST /* Random data structure for the self test */ struct self_test { unsigned long dummy1[6]; int static_init; unsigned long dummy2[3]; }; static __initdata struct debug_obj_descr descr_type_test; /* * fixup_init is called when: * - an active object is initialized */ static int __init fixup_init(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state) { struct self_test *obj = addr; switch (state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_object_deactivate(obj, &descr_type_test); debug_object_init(obj, &descr_type_test); return 1; default: return 0; } } /* * fixup_activate is called when: * - an active object is activated * - an unknown object is activated (might be a statically initialized object) */ static int __init fixup_activate(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state) { struct self_test *obj = addr; switch (state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE: if (obj->static_init == 1) { debug_object_init(obj, &descr_type_test); debug_object_activate(obj, &descr_type_test); /* * Real code should return 0 here ! This is * not a fixup of some bad behaviour. We * merily call the debug_init function to keep * track of the object. */ return 1; } else { /* Real code needs to emit a warning here */ } return 0; case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_object_deactivate(obj, &descr_type_test); debug_object_activate(obj, &descr_type_test); return 1; default: return 0; } } /* * fixup_destroy is called when: * - an active object is destroyed */ static int __init fixup_destroy(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state) { struct self_test *obj = addr; switch (state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_object_deactivate(obj, &descr_type_test); debug_object_destroy(obj, &descr_type_test); return 1; default: return 0; } } /* * fixup_free is called when: * - an active object is freed */ static int __init fixup_free(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state) { struct self_test *obj = addr; switch (state) { case ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE: debug_object_deactivate(obj, &descr_type_test); debug_object_free(obj, &descr_type_test); return 1; default: return 0; } } static int check_results(void *addr, enum debug_obj_state state, int fixups, int warnings) { struct debug_bucket *db; struct debug_obj *obj; unsigned long flags; int res = -EINVAL; db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr); spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags); obj = lookup_object(addr, db); if (!obj && state != ODEBUG_STATE_NONE) { WARN(1, KERN_ERR "ODEBUG: selftest object not found\n"); goto out; } if (obj && obj->state != state) { WARN(1, KERN_ERR "ODEBUG: selftest wrong state: %d != %d\n", obj->state, state); goto out; } if (fixups != debug_objects_fixups) { WARN(1, KERN_ERR "ODEBUG: selftest fixups failed %d != %d\n", fixups, debug_objects_fixups); goto out; } if (warnings != debug_objects_warnings) { WARN(1, KERN_ERR "ODEBUG: selftest warnings failed %d != %d\n", warnings, debug_objects_warnings); goto out; } res = 0; out: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags); if (res) debug_objects_enabled = 0; return res; } static __initdata struct debug_obj_descr descr_type_test = { .name = "selftest", .fixup_init = fixup_init, .fixup_activate = fixup_activate, .fixup_destroy = fixup_destroy, .fixup_free = fixup_free, }; static __initdata struct self_test obj = { .static_init = 0 }; static void __init debug_objects_selftest(void) { int fixups, oldfixups, warnings, oldwarnings; unsigned long flags; local_irq_save(flags); fixups = oldfixups = debug_objects_fixups; warnings = oldwarnings = debug_objects_warnings; descr_test = &descr_type_test; debug_object_init(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_INIT, fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_activate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE, fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_activate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE, ++fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; debug_object_deactivate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE, fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_destroy(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED, fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_init(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED, fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; debug_object_activate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED, fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; debug_object_deactivate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED, fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; debug_object_free(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_NONE, fixups, warnings)) goto out; obj.static_init = 1; debug_object_activate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE, ++fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_init(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_INIT, ++fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; debug_object_free(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_NONE, fixups, warnings)) goto out; #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE debug_object_init(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_INIT, fixups, warnings)) goto out; debug_object_activate(&obj, &descr_type_test); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE, fixups, warnings)) goto out; __debug_check_no_obj_freed(&obj, sizeof(obj)); if (check_results(&obj, ODEBUG_STATE_NONE, ++fixups, ++warnings)) goto out; #endif printk(KERN_INFO "ODEBUG: selftest passed\n"); out: debug_objects_fixups = oldfixups; debug_objects_warnings = oldwarnings; descr_test = NULL; local_irq_restore(flags); } #else static inline void debug_objects_selftest(void) { } #endif /* * Called during early boot to initialize the hash buckets and link * the static object pool objects into the poll list. After this call * the object tracker is fully operational. */ void __init debug_objects_early_init(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < ODEBUG_HASH_SIZE; i++) spin_lock_init(&obj_hash[i].lock); for (i = 0; i < ODEBUG_POOL_SIZE; i++) hlist_add_head(&obj_static_pool[i].node, &obj_pool); } /* * Called after the kmem_caches are functional to setup a dedicated * cache pool, which has the SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS flag set. This flag * prevents that the debug code is called on kmem_cache_free() for the * debug tracker objects to avoid recursive calls. */ void __init debug_objects_mem_init(void) { if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; obj_cache = kmem_cache_create("debug_objects_cache", sizeof (struct debug_obj), 0, SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS, NULL); if (!obj_cache) debug_objects_enabled = 0; else debug_objects_selftest(); }