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non-root cgroups
Creation of a kthread goes through a couple interlocked stages between
the kthread itself and its creator. Once the new kthread starts
running, it initializes itself and wakes up the creator. The creator
then can further configure the kthread and then let it start doing its
job by waking it up.
In this configuration-by-creator stage, the creator is the only one
that can wake it up but the kthread is visible to userland. When
altering the kthread's attributes from userland is allowed, this is
fine; however, for cases where CPU affinity is critical,
kthread_bind() is used to first disable affinity changes from userland
and then set the affinity. This also prevents the kthread from being
migrated into non-root cgroups as that can affect the CPU affinity and
many other things.
Unfortunately, the cgroup side of protection is racy. While the
PF_NO_SETAFFINITY flag prevents further migrations, userland can win
the race before the creator sets the flag with kthread_bind() and put
the kthread in a non-root cgroup, which can lead to all sorts of
problems including incorrect CPU affinity and starvation.
This bug got triggered by userland which periodically tries to migrate
all processes in the root cpuset cgroup to a non-root one. Per-cpu
workqueue workers got caught while being created and ended up with
incorrected CPU affinity breaking concurrency management and sometimes
stalling workqueue execution.
This patch adds task->no_cgroup_migration which disallows the task to
be migrated by userland. kthreadd starts with the flag set making
every child kthread start in the root cgroup with migration
disallowed. The flag is cleared after the kthread finishes
initialization by which time PF_NO_SETAFFINITY is set if the kthread
should stay in the root cgroup.
It'd be better to wait for the initialization instead of failing but I
couldn't think of a way of implementing that without adding either a
new PF flag, or sleeping and retrying from waiting side. Even if
userland depends on changing cgroup membership of a kthread, it either
has to be synchronized with kthread_create() or periodically repeat,
so it's unlikely that this would break anything.
v2: Switch to a simpler implementation using a new task_struct bit
field suggested by Oleg.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reported-and-debugged-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.3+ (we can't close the race on < v4.3)
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Fix a comment typo in cgroup.h.
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
- tracepoints for basic cgroup management operations added
- kernfs and cgroup path formatting functions updated to behave in the
style of strlcpy()
- non-critical bug fixes
* 'for-4.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
blkcg: Unlock blkcg_pol_mutex only once when cpd == NULL
cgroup: fix error handling regressions in proc_cgroup_show() and cgroup_release_agent()
cpuset: fix error handling regression in proc_cpuset_show()
cgroup: add tracepoints for basic operations
cgroup: make cgroup_path() and friends behave in the style of strlcpy()
kernfs: remove kernfs_path_len()
kernfs: make kernfs_path*() behave in the style of strlcpy()
kernfs: add dummy implementation of kernfs_path_from_node()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace
Pull namespace updates from Eric Biederman:
"This set of changes is a number of smaller things that have been
overlooked in other development cycles focused on more fundamental
change. The devpts changes are small things that were a distraction
until we managed to kill off DEVPTS_MULTPLE_INSTANCES. There is an
trivial regression fix to autofs for the unprivileged mount changes
that went in last cycle. A pair of ioctls has been added by Andrey
Vagin making it is possible to discover the relationships between
namespaces when referring to them through file descriptors.
The big user visible change is starting to add simple resource limits
to catch programs that misbehave. With namespaces in general and user
namespaces in particular allowing users to use more kinds of
resources, it has become important to have something to limit errant
programs. Because the purpose of these limits is to catch errant
programs the code needs to be inexpensive to use as it always on, and
the default limits need to be high enough that well behaved programs
on well behaved systems don't encounter them.
To this end, after some review I have implemented per user per user
namespace limits, and use them to limit the number of namespaces. The
limits being per user mean that one user can not exhause the limits of
another user. The limits being per user namespace allow contexts where
the limit is 0 and security conscious folks can remove from their
threat anlysis the code used to manage namespaces (as they have
historically done as it root only). At the same time the limits being
per user namespace allow other parts of the system to use namespaces.
Namespaces are increasingly being used in application sand boxing
scenarios so an all or nothing disable for the entire system for the
security conscious folks makes increasing use of these sandboxes
impossible.
There is also added a limit on the maximum number of mounts present in
a single mount namespace. It is nontrivial to guess what a reasonable
system wide limit on the number of mount structure in the kernel would
be, especially as it various based on how a system is using
containers. A limit on the number of mounts in a mount namespace
however is much easier to understand and set. In most cases in
practice only about 1000 mounts are used. Given that some autofs
scenarious have the potential to be 30,000 to 50,000 mounts I have set
the default limit for the number of mounts at 100,000 which is well
above every known set of users but low enough that the mount hash
tables don't degrade unreaonsably.
These limits are a start. I expect this estabilishes a pattern that
other limits for resources that namespaces use will follow. There has
been interest in making inotify event limits per user per user
namespace as well as interest expressed in making details about what
is going on in the kernel more visible"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (28 commits)
autofs: Fix automounts by using current_real_cred()->uid
mnt: Add a per mount namespace limit on the number of mounts
netns: move {inc,dec}_net_namespaces into #ifdef
nsfs: Simplify __ns_get_path
tools/testing: add a test to check nsfs ioctl-s
nsfs: add ioctl to get a parent namespace
nsfs: add ioctl to get an owning user namespace for ns file descriptor
kernel: add a helper to get an owning user namespace for a namespace
devpts: Change the owner of /dev/pts/ptmx to the mounter of /dev/pts
devpts: Remove sync_filesystems
devpts: Make devpts_kill_sb safe if fsi is NULL
devpts: Simplify devpts_mount by using mount_nodev
devpts: Move the creation of /dev/pts/ptmx into fill_super
devpts: Move parse_mount_options into fill_super
userns: When the per user per user namespace limit is reached return ENOSPC
userns; Document per user per user namespace limits.
mntns: Add a limit on the number of mount namespaces.
netns: Add a limit on the number of net namespaces
cgroupns: Add a limit on the number of cgroup namespaces
ipcns: Add a limit on the number of ipc namespaces
...
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This commit adds an inline function to cgroup.h to check whether a given
task is under a given cgroup hierarchy. This is to avoid having to put
ifdefs in .c files to gate access to cgroups. When cgroups are disabled
this always returns true.
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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cgroup_path() and friends used to format the path from the end and
thus the resulting path usually didn't start at the start of the
passed in buffer. Also, when the buffer was too small, the partial
result was truncated from the head rather than tail and there was no
way to tell how long the full path would be. These make the functions
less robust and more awkward to use.
With recent updates to kernfs_path(), cgroup_path() and friends can be
made to behave in strlcpy() style.
* cgroup_path(), cgroup_path_ns[_locked]() and task_cgroup_path() now
always return the length of the full path. If buffer is too small,
it contains nul terminated truncated output.
* All users updated accordingly.
v2: cgroup_path() usage in kernel/sched/debug.c converted.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
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kernfs_path*() functions always return the length of the full path but
the path content is undefined if the length is larger than the
provided buffer. This makes its behavior different from strlcpy() and
requires error handling in all its users even when they don't care
about truncation. In addition, the implementation can actully be
simplified by making it behave properly in strlcpy() style.
* Update kernfs_path_from_node_locked() to always fill up the buffer
with path. If the buffer is not large enough, the output is
truncated and terminated.
* kernfs_path() no longer needs error handling. Make it a simple
inline wrapper around kernfs_path_from_node().
* sysfs_warn_dup()'s use of kernfs_path() doesn't need error handling.
Updated accordingly.
* cgroup_path()'s use of kernfs_path() updated to retain the old
behavior.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
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Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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Add a helper function to get a cgroup2 from a fd. It will be
stored in a bpf array (BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY) which will
be introduced in the later patch.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Introduce the ability to create new cgroup namespace. The newly created
cgroup namespace remembers the cgroup of the process at the point
of creation of the cgroup namespace (referred as cgroupns-root).
The main purpose of cgroup namespace is to virtualize the contents
of /proc/self/cgroup file. Processes inside a cgroup namespace
are only able to see paths relative to their namespace root
(unless they are moved outside of their cgroupns-root, at which point
they will see a relative path from their cgroupns-root).
For a correctly setup container this enables container-tools
(like libcontainer, lxc, lmctfy, etc.) to create completely virtualized
containers without leaking system level cgroup hierarchy to the task.
This patch only implements the 'unshare' part of the cgroupns.
Signed-off-by: Aditya Kali <adityakali@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
- cgroup v2 interface is now official. It's no longer hidden behind a
devel flag and can be mounted using the new cgroup2 fs type.
Unfortunately, cpu v2 interface hasn't made it yet due to the
discussion around in-process hierarchical resource distribution and
only memory and io controllers can be used on the v2 interface at the
moment.
- The existing documentation which has always been a bit of mess is
relocated under Documentation/cgroup-v1/. Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
is added as the authoritative documentation for the v2 interface.
- Some features are added through for-4.5-ancestor-test branch to
enable netfilter xt_cgroup match to use cgroup v2 paths. The actual
netfilter changes will be merged through the net tree which pulled in
the said branch.
- Various cleanups
* 'for-4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup: rename cgroup documentations
cgroup: fix a typo.
cgroup: Remove resource_counter.txt in Documentation/cgroup-legacy/00-INDEX.
cgroup: demote subsystem init messages to KERN_DEBUG
cgroup: Fix uninitialized variable warning
cgroup: put controller Kconfig options in meaningful order
cgroup: clean up the kernel configuration menu nomenclature
cgroup_pids: fix a typo.
Subject: cgroup: Fix incomplete dd command in blkio documentation
cgroup: kill cgrp_ss_priv[CGROUP_CANFORK_COUNT] and friends
cpuset: Replace all instances of time_t with time64_t
cgroup: replace unified-hierarchy.txt with a proper cgroup v2 documentation
cgroup: rename Documentation/cgroups/ to Documentation/cgroup-legacy/
cgroup: replace __DEVEL__sane_behavior with cgroup2 fs type
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Conflicts:
drivers/net/geneve.c
Here we had an overlapping change, where in 'net' the extraneous stats
bump was being removed whilst in 'net-next' the final argument to
udp_tunnel6_xmit_skb() was being changed.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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In cgroup v1, dealing with cgroup membership was difficult because the
number of membership associations was unbound. As a result, cgroup v1
grew several controllers whose primary purpose is either tagging
membership or pull in configuration knobs from other subsystems so
that cgroup membership test can be avoided.
net_cls and net_prio controllers are examples of the latter. They
allow configuring network-specific attributes from cgroup side so that
network subsystem can avoid testing cgroup membership; unfortunately,
these are not only cumbersome but also problematic.
Both net_cls and net_prio aren't properly hierarchical. Both inherit
configuration from the parent on creation but there's no interaction
afterwards. An ancestor doesn't restrict the behavior in its subtree
in anyway and configuration changes aren't propagated downwards.
Especially when combined with cgroup delegation, this is problematic
because delegatees can mess up whatever network configuration
implemented at the system level. net_prio would allow the delegatees
to set whatever priority value regardless of CAP_NET_ADMIN and net_cls
the same for classid.
While it is possible to solve these issues from controller side by
implementing hierarchical allowable ranges in both controllers, it
would involve quite a bit of complexity in the controllers and further
obfuscate network configuration as it becomes even more difficult to
tell what's actually being configured looking from the network side.
While not much can be done for v1 at this point, as membership
handling is sane on cgroup v2, it'd be better to make cgroup matching
behave like other network matches and classifiers than introducing
further complications.
In preparation, this patch updates sock->sk_cgrp_data handling so that
it points to the v2 cgroup that sock was created in until either
net_prio or net_cls is used. Once either of the two is used,
sock->sk_cgrp_data reverts to its previous role of carrying prioidx
and classid. This is to avoid adding yet another cgroup related field
to struct sock.
As the mode switching can happen at most once per boot, the switching
mechanism is aimed at lowering hot path overhead. It may leak a
finite, likely small, number of cgroup refs and report spurious
prioidx or classid on switching; however, dynamic updates of prioidx
and classid have always been racy and lossy - socks between creation
and fd installation are never updated, config changes don't update
existing sockets at all, and prioidx may index with dead and recycled
cgroup IDs. Non-critical inaccuracies from small race windows won't
make any noticeable difference.
This patch doesn't make use of the pointer yet. The following patch
will implement netfilter match for cgroup2 membership.
v2: Use sock_cgroup_data to avoid inflating struct sock w/ another
cgroup specific field.
v3: Add comments explaining why sock_data_prioidx() and
sock_data_classid() use different fallback values.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de>
CC: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup into for-4.5
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Now that nobody use the "priv" arg passed to can_fork/cancel_fork/fork we can
kill CGROUP_CANFORK_COUNT/SUBSYS_TAG/etc and cgrp_ss_priv[] in copy_process().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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enabling
Consider the following v2 hierarchy.
P0 (+memory) --- P1 (-memory) --- A
\- B
P0 has memory enabled in its subtree_control while P1 doesn't. If
both A and B contain processes, they would belong to the memory css of
P1. Now if memory is enabled on P1's subtree_control, memory csses
should be created on both A and B and A's processes should be moved to
the former and B's processes the latter. IOW, enabling controllers
can cause atomic migrations into different csses.
The core cgroup migration logic has been updated accordingly but the
controller migration methods haven't and still assume that all tasks
migrate to a single target css; furthermore, the methods were fed the
css in which subtree_control was updated which is the parent of the
target csses. pids controller depends on the migration methods to
move charges and this made the controller attribute charges to the
wrong csses often triggering the following warning by driving a
counter negative.
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1 at kernel/cgroup_pids.c:97 pids_cancel.constprop.6+0x31/0x40()
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Not tainted 4.4.0-rc1+ #29
...
ffffffff81f65382 ffff88007c043b90 ffffffff81551ffc 0000000000000000
ffff88007c043bc8 ffffffff810de202 ffff88007a752000 ffff88007a29ab00
ffff88007c043c80 ffff88007a1d8400 0000000000000001 ffff88007c043bd8
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81551ffc>] dump_stack+0x4e/0x82
[<ffffffff810de202>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[<ffffffff810de2fa>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20
[<ffffffff8118e031>] pids_cancel.constprop.6+0x31/0x40
[<ffffffff8118e0fd>] pids_can_attach+0x6d/0xf0
[<ffffffff81188a4c>] cgroup_taskset_migrate+0x6c/0x330
[<ffffffff81188e05>] cgroup_migrate+0xf5/0x190
[<ffffffff81189016>] cgroup_attach_task+0x176/0x200
[<ffffffff8118949d>] __cgroup_procs_write+0x2ad/0x460
[<ffffffff81189684>] cgroup_procs_write+0x14/0x20
[<ffffffff811854e5>] cgroup_file_write+0x35/0x1c0
[<ffffffff812e26f1>] kernfs_fop_write+0x141/0x190
[<ffffffff81265f88>] __vfs_write+0x28/0xe0
[<ffffffff812666fc>] vfs_write+0xac/0x1a0
[<ffffffff81267019>] SyS_write+0x49/0xb0
[<ffffffff81bcef32>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76
This patch fixes the bug by removing @css parameter from the three
migration methods, ->can_attach, ->cancel_attach() and ->attach() and
updating cgroup_taskset iteration helpers also return the destination
css in addition to the task being migrated. All controllers are
updated accordingly.
* Controllers which don't care whether there are one or multiple
target csses can be converted trivially. cpu, io, freezer, perf,
netclassid and netprio fall in this category.
* cpuset's current implementation assumes that there's single source
and destination and thus doesn't support v2 hierarchy already. The
only change made by this patchset is how that single destination css
is obtained.
* memory migration path already doesn't do anything on v2. How the
single destination css is obtained is updated and the prep stage of
mem_cgroup_can_attach() is reordered to accomodate the change.
* pids is the only controller which was affected by this bug. It now
correctly handles multi-destination migrations and no longer causes
counter underflow from incorrect accounting.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
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Implement cgroup_get_from_path() using kernfs_walk_and_get() which
obtains a default hierarchy cgroup from its path. This will be used
to allow cgroup path based matching from outside cgroup proper -
e.g. networking and perf.
v2: Add EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_get_from_path).
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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cgroup_is_descendant() currently walks up the hierarchy and compares
each ancestor to the cgroup in question. While enough for cgroup core
usages, this can't be used in hot paths to test cgroup membership.
This patch adds cgroup->ancestor_ids[] which records the IDs of all
ancestors including self and cgroup->level for the nesting level.
This allows testing whether a given cgroup is a descendant of another
in three finite steps - testing whether the two belong to the same
hierarchy, whether the descendant candidate is at the same or a higher
level than the ancestor and comparing the recorded ancestor_id at the
matching level. cgroup_is_descendant() is accordingly reimplmented
and made inline.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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6f60eade2433 ("cgroup: generalize obtaining the handles of and
notifying cgroup files") introduced cftype->file_offset so that the
handles for per-css file instances can be recorded. These handles
then can be used, for example, to generate file modified
notifications.
Unfortunately, it made the wrong assumption that files are created
once for a given css and removed on its destruction. Due to the
dependencies among subsystems, a css may be hidden from userland and
then later shown again. This is implemented by removing and
re-creating the affected files, so the associated kernfs_node for a
given cgroup file may change over time. This incorrect assumption led
to the corruption of css->files lists.
Reimplement cftype->file_offset handling so that cgroup_file->kn is
protected by a lock and updated as files are created and destroyed.
This also makes keeping them on per-cgroup list unnecessary.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: James Sedgwick <jsedgwick@fb.com>
Fixes: 6f60eade2433 ("cgroup: generalize obtaining the handles of and notifying cgroup files")
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
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cgroup_exit() is called when a task exits and disassociates the
exiting task from its cgroups and half-attach it to the root cgroup.
This is unnecessary and undesirable.
No controller actually needs an exiting task to be disassociated with
non-root cgroups. Both cpu and perf_event controllers update the
association to the root cgroup from their exit callbacks just to keep
consistent with the cgroup core behavior.
Also, this disassociation makes it difficult to track resources held
by zombies or determine where the zombies came from. Currently, pids
controller is completely broken as it uncharges on exit and zombies
always escape the resource restriction. With cgroup association being
reset on exit, fixing it is pretty painful.
There's no reason to reset cgroup membership on exit. The zombie can
be removed from its css_set so that it doesn't show up on
"cgroup.procs" and thus can't be migrated or interfere with cgroup
removal. It can still pin and point to the css_set so that its cgroup
membership is maintained. This patch makes cgroup core keep zombies
associated with their cgroups at the time of exit.
* Previous patches decoupled populated_cnt tracking from css_set
lifetime, so a dying task can be simply unlinked from its css_set
while pinning and pointing to the css_set. This keeps css_set
association from task side alive while hiding it from "cgroup.procs"
and populated_cnt tracking. The css_set reference is dropped when
the task_struct is freed.
* ->exit() callback no longer needs the css arguments as the
associated css never changes once PF_EXITING is set. Removed.
* cpu and perf_events controllers no longer need ->exit() callbacks.
There's no reason to explicitly switch away on exit. The final
schedule out is enough. The callbacks are removed.
* On traditional hierarchies, nothing changes. "/proc/PID/cgroup"
still reports "/" for all zombies. On the default hierarchy,
"/proc/PID/cgroup" keeps reporting the cgroup that the task belonged
to at the time of exit. If the cgroup gets removed before the task
is reaped, " (deleted)" is appended.
v2: Build brekage due to missing dummy cgroup_free() when
!CONFIG_CGROUP fixed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
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css_set_rwsem is the inner lock protecting css_sets and is accessed
from hot paths such as fork and exit. Internally, it has no reason to
be a rwsem or even mutex. There are no internal blocking operations
while holding it. This was rwsem because css task iteration used to
expose it to external iterator users. As the previous patch updated
css task iteration such that the locking is not leaked to its users,
there's no reason to keep it a rwsem.
This patch converts css_set_rwsem to a spinlock and rename it to
css_set_lock. It uses bh-safe operations as a planned usage needs to
access it from RCU callback context.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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css_sets are synchronized through css_set_rwsem but the locking scheme
is kinda bizarre. The hot paths - fork and exit - have to write lock
the rwsem making the rw part pointless; furthermore, many readers
already hold cgroup_mutex.
One of the readers is css task iteration. It read locks the rwsem
over the entire duration of iteration. This leads to silly locking
behavior. When cpuset tries to migrate processes of a cgroup to a
different NUMA node, css_set_rwsem is held across the entire migration
attempt which can take a long time locking out forking, exiting and
other cgroup operations.
This patch updates css task iteration so that it locks css_set_rwsem
only while the iterator is being advanced. css task iteration
involves two levels - css_set and task iteration. As css_sets in use
are practically immutable, simply pinning the current one is enough
for resuming iteration afterwards. Task iteration is tricky as tasks
may leave their css_set while iteration is in progress. This is
solved by keeping track of active iterators and advancing them if
their next task leaves its css_set.
v2: put_task_struct() in css_task_iter_next() moved outside
css_set_rwsem. A later patch will add cgroup operations to
task_struct free path which may grab the same lock and this avoids
deadlock possibilities.
css_set_move_task() updated to use list_for_each_entry_safe() when
walking task_iters and advancing them. This is necessary as
advancing an iter may remove it from the list.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Currently, cgroup_has_tasks() tests whether the target cgroup has any
css_set linked to it. This works because a css_set's refcnt converges
with the number of tasks linked to it and thus there's no css_set
linked to a cgroup if it doesn't have any live tasks.
To help tracking resource usage of zombie tasks, putting the ref of
css_set will be separated from disassociating the task from the
css_set which means that a cgroup may have css_sets linked to it even
when it doesn't have any live tasks.
This patch replaces cgroup_has_tasks() with cgroup_is_populated()
which tests cgroup->nr_populated instead which locally counts the
number of populated css_sets. Unlike cgroup_has_tasks(),
cgroup_is_populated() is recursive - if any of the descendants is
populated, the cgroup is populated too. While this changes the
meaning of the test, all the existing users are okay with the change.
While at it, replace the open-coded ->populated_cnt test in
cgroup_events_show() with cgroup_is_populated().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
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It wasn't explicitly documented but, when a process is being migrated,
cpuset and memcg depend on cgroup_taskset_first() returning the
threadgroup leader; however, this approach is somewhat ghetto and
would no longer work for the planned multi-process migration.
This patch introduces explicit cgroup_taskset_for_each_leader() which
iterates over only the threadgroup leaders and replaces
cgroup_taskset_first() usages for accessing the leader with it.
This prepares both memcg and cpuset for multi-process migration. This
patch also updates the documentation for cgroup_taskset_for_each() to
clarify the iteration rules and removes comments mentioning task
ordering in tasksets.
v2: A previous patch which added threadgroup leader test was dropped.
Patch updated accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
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cgroup core handles creations and removals of cgroup interface files
as described by cftypes. There are cases where the handle for a given
file instance is necessary, for example, to generate a file modified
event. Currently, this is handled by explicitly matching the callback
method pointer and storing the file handle manually in
cgroup_add_file(). While this simple approach works for cgroup core
files, it can't for controller interface files.
This patch generalizes cgroup interface file handle handling. struct
cgroup_file is defined and each cftype can optionally tell cgroup core
to store the file handle by setting ->file_offset. A file handle
remains accessible as long as the containing css is accessible.
Both "cgroup.procs" and "cgroup.events" are converted to use the new
generic mechanism instead of hooking directly into cgroup_add_file().
Also, cgroup_file_notify() which takes a struct cgroup_file and
generates a file modified event on it is added and replaces explicit
kernfs_notify() invocations.
This generalizes cgroup file handle handling and allows controllers to
generate file modified notifications.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
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cgroup_on_dfl() tests whether the cgroup's root is the default
hierarchy; however, an individual controller is only interested in
whether the controller is attached to the default hierarchy and never
tests a cgroup which doesn't belong to the hierarchy that the
controller is attached to.
This patch replaces cgroup_on_dfl() tests in controllers with faster
static_key based cgroup_subsys_on_dfl(). This leaves cgroup core as
the only user of cgroup_on_dfl() and the function is moved from the
header file to cgroup.c.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
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cgroup_subsys_on_dfl()
Whether a subsys is enabled and attached to the default hierarchy
seldom changes and may be tested in the hot paths. This patch
implements static_key based cgroup_subsys_enabled() and
cgroup_subsys_on_dfl() tests.
The following patches will update the users and remove duplicate
mechanisms.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
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Traditionally, each cgroup controller implemented whatever interface
it wanted leading to interfaces which are widely inconsistent.
Examining the requirements of the controllers readily yield that there
are only a few control schemes shared among all.
Two major controllers already had to implement new interface for the
unified hierarchy due to significant structural changes. Let's take
the chance to establish common conventions throughout all controllers.
This patch defines CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN/DFL/MAX to be used on all weight
based control knobs and documents the conventions that controllers
should follow on the unified hierarchy. Except for io.weight knob,
all existing unified hierarchy knobs are already compliant. A
follow-up patch will update io.weight.
v2: Added descriptions of min, low and high knobs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
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Add a new cgroup subsystem callback can_fork that conditionally
states whether or not the fork is accepted or rejected by a cgroup
policy. In addition, add a cancel_fork callback so that if an error
occurs later in the forking process, any state modified by can_fork can
be reverted.
Allow for a private opaque pointer to be passed from cgroup_can_fork to
cgroup_post_fork, allowing for the fork state to be stored by each
subsystem separately.
Also add a tagging system for cgroup_subsys.h to allow for CGROUP_<TAG>
enumerations to be be defined and used. In addition, explicitly add a
CGROUP_CANFORK_COUNT macro to make arrays easier to define.
This is in preparation for implementing the pids cgroup subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
- threadgroup_lock got reorganized so that its users can pick the
actual locking mechanism to use. Its only user - cgroups - is
updated to use a percpu_rwsem instead of per-process rwsem.
This makes things a bit lighter on hot paths and allows cgroups to
perform and fail multi-task (a process) migrations atomically.
Multi-task migrations are used in several places including the
unified hierarchy.
- Delegation rule and documentation added to unified hierarchy. This
will likely be the last interface update from the cgroup core side
for unified hierarchy before lifting the devel mask.
- Some groundwork for the pids controller which is scheduled to be
merged in the coming devel cycle.
* 'for-4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup: add delegation section to unified hierarchy documentation
cgroup: require write perm on common ancestor when moving processes on the default hierarchy
cgroup: separate out cgroup_procs_write_permission() from __cgroup_procs_write()
kernfs: make kernfs_get_inode() public
MAINTAINERS: add a cgroup core co-maintainer
cgroup: fix uninitialised iterator in for_each_subsys_which
cgroup: replace explicit ss_mask checking with for_each_subsys_which
cgroup: use bitmask to filter for_each_subsys
cgroup: add seq_file forward declaration for struct cftype
cgroup: simplify threadgroup locking
sched, cgroup: replace signal_struct->group_rwsem with a global percpu_rwsem
sched, cgroup: reorganize threadgroup locking
cgroup: switch to unsigned long for bitmasks
cgroup: reorganize include/linux/cgroup.h
cgroup: separate out include/linux/cgroup-defs.h
cgroup: fix some comment typos
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bio_associate_current() currently open codes task_css() and
css_tryget_online() to find and pin $current's blkcg css. Abstract it
into task_get_css() which is implemented from cgroup side. As a task
is always associated with an online css for every subsystem except
while the css_set update is propagating, task_get_css() retries till
css_tryget_online() succeeds.
This is a cleanup and shouldn't lead to noticeable behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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From c4d440938b5e2015c70594fe6666a099c844f929 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Date: Wed, 13 May 2015 16:21:40 -0400
Over time, cgroup.h grew organically and doesn't have much logical
structure at this point. Separation of cgroup-defs.h in the previous
patch gives us a good chance for reorganizing cgroup.h as changes to
the header are likely to cause conflicts anyway.
This patch reorganizes cgroup.h so that it has consistent logical
grouping.
This is pure reorganization.
v2: Relocating #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS caused build failure when cgroup
is disabled. Dropped.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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From 2d728f74bfc071df06773e2fd7577dd5dab6425d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Date: Wed, 13 May 2015 15:37:01 -0400
This patch separates out cgroup-defs.h from cgroup.h which has grown a
lot of dependencies. cgroup-defs.h currently only contains constant
and type definitions and can be used to break circular include
dependency. While moving, definitions are reordered so that
cgroup-defs.h has consistent logical structure.
This patch is pure reorganization.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This will later be depended upon by the scheduled cgroup writeback
support.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup update from Tejun Heo:
"cpuset got simplified a bit. cgroup core got a fix on unified
hierarchy and grew some effective css related interfaces which will be
used for blkio support for writeback IO traffic which is currently
being worked on"
* 'for-3.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
cgroup: implement cgroup_get_e_css()
cgroup: add cgroup_subsys->css_e_css_changed()
cgroup: add cgroup_subsys->css_released()
cgroup: fix the async css offline wait logic in cgroup_subtree_control_write()
cgroup: restructure child_subsys_mask handling in cgroup_subtree_control_write()
cgroup: separate out cgroup_calc_child_subsys_mask() from cgroup_refresh_child_subsys_mask()
cpuset: lock vs unlock typo
cpuset: simplify cpuset_node_allowed API
cpuset: convert callback_mutex to a spinlock
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Merge first patchbomb from Andrew Morton:
- a few minor cifs fixes
- dma-debug upadtes
- ocfs2
- slab
- about half of MM
- procfs
- kernel/exit.c
- panic.c tweaks
- printk upates
- lib/ updates
- checkpatch updates
- fs/binfmt updates
- the drivers/rtc tree
- nilfs
- kmod fixes
- more kernel/exit.c
- various other misc tweaks and fixes
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (190 commits)
exit: pidns: fix/update the comments in zap_pid_ns_processes()
exit: pidns: alloc_pid() leaks pid_namespace if child_reaper is exiting
exit: exit_notify: re-use "dead" list to autoreap current
exit: reparent: call forget_original_parent() under tasklist_lock
exit: reparent: avoid find_new_reaper() if no children
exit: reparent: introduce find_alive_thread()
exit: reparent: introduce find_child_reaper()
exit: reparent: document the ->has_child_subreaper checks
exit: reparent: s/while_each_thread/for_each_thread/ in find_new_reaper()
exit: reparent: fix the cross-namespace PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER reparenting
exit: reparent: fix the dead-parent PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER reparenting
exit: proc: don't try to flush /proc/tgid/task/tgid
exit: release_task: fix the comment about group leader accounting
exit: wait: drop tasklist_lock before psig->c* accounting
exit: wait: don't use zombie->real_parent
exit: wait: cleanup the ptrace_reparented() checks
usermodehelper: kill the kmod_thread_locker logic
usermodehelper: don't use CLONE_VFORK for ____call_usermodehelper()
fs/hfs/catalog.c: fix comparison bug in hfs_cat_keycmp
nilfs2: fix the nilfs_iget() vs. nilfs_new_inode() races
...
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Charges currently pin the css indirectly by playing tricks during
css_offline(): user pages stall the offlining process until all of them
have been reparented, whereas kmemcg acquires a keep-alive reference if
outstanding kernel pages are detected at that point.
In preparation for removing all this complexity, make the pinning explicit
and acquire a css references for every charged page.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Implement cgroup_get_e_css() which finds and gets the effective css
for the specified cgroup and subsystem combination. This function
always returns a valid pinned css. This will be used by cgroup
writeback support.
While at it, add comment to cgroup_e_css() to explain why that
function is different from cgroup_get_e_css() and has to test
cgrp->child_subsys_mask instead of cgroup_css(cgrp, ss).
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
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Add a new cgroup_subsys operatoin ->css_e_css_changed(). This is
invoked if any of the effective csses seen from the css's cgroup may
have changed. This will be used to implement cgroup writeback
support.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
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Add a new cgroup subsys callback css_released(). This is called when
the reference count of the css (cgroup_subsys_state) reaches zero
before RCU scheduling free.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
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We call put_css_set() after setting CGRP_RELEASABLE flag in
cgroup_task_migrate(), but in other places we call it without setting
the flag. I don't see the necessity of this flag.
Moreover once the flag is set, it will never be cleared, unless writing
to the notify_on_release control file, so it can be quite confusing
if we look at the output of debug.releasable.
# mount -t cgroup -o debug xxx /cgroup
# mkdir /cgroup/child
# cat /cgroup/child/debug.releasable
0 <-- shows 0 though the cgroup is empty
# echo $$ > /cgroup/child/tasks
# cat /cgroup/child/debug.releasable
0
# echo $$ > /cgroup/tasks && echo $$ > /cgroup/child/tasks
# cat /proc/child/debug.releasable
1 <-- shows 1 though the cgroup is not empty
This patch removes the flag, and now debug.releasable shows if the
cgroup is empty or not.
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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After we implemented default unified hierarchy, cgrp->kn can never
be NULL.
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Use the ONE macro instead of REG, and we can simplify proc_cgroup_show().
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Instead of using a global work to schedule release agent on removable
cgroups, we change to use a per-cgroup work to do this, which makes
the code much simpler.
v2: use a dedicated work instead of reusing css->destroy_work. (Tejun)
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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cgroup now distinguishes cftypes for the default and legacy
hierarchies more explicitly by using separate arrays and
CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL and CFTYPE_INSANE should be and are used only
inside cgroup core proper. Let's make it clear that the flags are
internal by prefixing them with double underscores.
CFTYPE_INSANE is renamed to __CFTYPE_NOT_ON_DFL for consistency. The
two flags are also collected and assigned bits >= 16 so that they
aren't mixed with the published flags.
v2: Convert the extra ones in cgroup_exit_cftypes() which are added by
revision to the previous patch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
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Until now, cftype arrays carried files for both the default and legacy
hierarchies and the files which needed to be used on only one of them
were flagged with either CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL or CFTYPE_INSANE. This
gets confusing very quickly and we may end up exposing interface files
to the default hierarchy without thinking it through.
This patch makes cgroup core provide separate sets of interfaces for
cftype handling so that the cftypes for the default and legacy
hierarchies are clearly distinguished. The previous two patches
renamed the existing ones so that they clearly indicate that they're
for the legacy hierarchies. This patch adds the interface for the
default hierarchy and apply them selectively depending on the
hierarchy type.
* cftypes added through cgroup_subsys->dfl_cftypes and
cgroup_add_dfl_cftypes() only show up on the default hierarchy.
* cftypes added through cgroup_subsys->legacy_cftypes and
cgroup_add_legacy_cftypes() only show up on the legacy hierarchies.
* cgroup_subsys->dfl_cftypes and ->legacy_cftypes can point to the
same array for the cases where the interface files are identical on
both types of hierarchies.
* This makes all the existing subsystem interface files legacy-only by
default and all subsystems will have no interface file created when
enabled on the default hierarchy. Each subsystem should explicitly
review and compose the interface for the default hierarchy.
* A boot param "cgroup__DEVEL__legacy_files_on_dfl" is added which
makes subsystems which haven't decided the interface files for the
default hierarchy to present the legacy files on the default
hierarchy so that its behavior on the default hierarchy can be
tested. As the awkward name suggests, this is for development only.
* memcg's CFTYPE_INSANE on "use_hierarchy" is noop now as the whole
array isn't used on the default hierarchy. The flag is removed.
v2: Updated documentation for cgroup__DEVEL__legacy_files_on_dfl.
v3: Clear CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL and CFTYPE_INSANE when cfts are removed
as suggested by Li.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Currently, cftypes added by cgroup_add_cftypes() are used for both the
unified default hierarchy and legacy ones and subsystems can mark each
file with either CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL or CFTYPE_INSANE if it has to
appear only on one of them. This is quite hairy and error-prone.
Also, we may end up exposing interface files to the default hierarchy
without thinking it through.
cgroup_subsys will grow two separate cftype addition functions and
apply each only on the hierarchies of the matching type. This will
allow organizing cftypes in a lot clearer way and encourage subsystems
to scrutinize the interface which is being exposed in the new default
hierarchy.
In preparation, this patch adds cgroup_add_legacy_cftypes() which
currently is a simple wrapper around cgroup_add_cftypes() and replaces
all cgroup_add_cftypes() usages with it.
While at it, this patch drops a completely spurious return from
__hugetlb_cgroup_file_init().
This patch doesn't introduce any functional differences.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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