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path: root/fs/nfsd/nfs4proc.c
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2008-04-19[PATCH] r/o bind mounts: elevate write count for xattr_permission() callersDave Hansen1-1/+6
This basically audits the callers of xattr_permission(), which calls permission() and can perform writes to the filesystem. [AV: add missing parts - removexattr() and nfsd posix acls, plug for a leak spotted by Miklos] Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-02-02nfsd: Allow AIX client to read dir containing mountpointsFrank Filz1-1/+1
This patch addresses a compatibility issue with a Linux NFS server and AIX NFS client. I have exported /export as fsid=0 with sec=krb5:krb5i I have mount --bind /home onto /export/home I have exported /export/home with sec=krb5i The AIX client mounts / -o sec=krb5:krb5i onto /mnt If I do an ls /mnt, the AIX client gets a permission error. Looking at the network traceIwe see a READDIR looking for attributes FATTR4_RDATTR_ERROR and FATTR4_MOUNTED_ON_FILEID. The response gives a NFS4ERR_WRONGSEC which the AIX client is not expecting. Since the AIX client is only asking for an attribute that is an attribute of the parent file system (pseudo root in my example), it seems reasonable that there should not be an error. In discussing this issue with Bruce Fields, I initially proposed ignoring the error in nfsd4_encode_dirent_fattr() if all that was being asked for was FATTR4_RDATTR_ERROR and FATTR4_MOUNTED_ON_FILEID, however, Bruce suggested that we avoid calling cross_mnt() if only these attributes are requested. The following patch implements bypassing cross_mnt() if only FATTR4_RDATTR_ERROR and FATTR4_MOUNTED_ON_FILEID are called. Since there is some complexity in the code in nfsd4_encode_fattr(), I didn't want to duplicate code (and introduce a maintenance nightmare), so I added a parameter to nfsd4_encode_fattr() that indicates whether it should ignore cross mounts and simply fill in the attribute using the passed in dentry as opposed to it's parent. Signed-off-by: Frank Filz <ffilzlnx@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
2007-10-10knfsd: demote some printk()s to dprintk()sJ. Bruce Fields1-2/+2
To quote a recent mail from Andrew Morton: Look: if there's a way in which an unprivileged user can trigger a printk we fix it, end of story. OK. I assume that goes double for printk()s that might be triggered by random hosts on the internet. So, disable some printk()s that look like they could be triggered by malfunctioning or malicious clients. For now, just downgrade them to dprintk()s. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
2007-08-01knfsd: set the response bitmask for NFS4_CREATE_EXCLUSIVEJeff Layton1-1/+9
RFC 3530 says: If the server uses an attribute to store the exclusive create verifier, it will signify which attribute by setting the appropriate bit in the attribute mask that is returned in the results. Linux uses the atime and mtime to store the verifier, but sends a zeroed out bitmask back to the client. This patch makes sure that we set the correct bits in the bitmask in this situation. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-17knfsd: nfsd4: implement secinfoAndy Adamson1-0/+28
Implement the secinfo operation. (Thanks to Usha Ketineni wrote an earlier version of this support.) Cc: Usha Ketineni <uketinen@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-17knfsd: nfsd4: simplify exp_pseudoroot argumentsJ. Bruce Fields1-4/+3
We're passing three arguments to exp_pseudoroot, two of which are just fields of the svc_rqst. Soon we'll want to pass in a third field as well. So let's just give up and pass in the whole struct svc_rqst. Also sneak in some minor style cleanups while we're at it. Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: simplify filehandle checkJ.Bruce Fields1-17/+12
Kill another big "if" clause. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: simplify migration op checkJ.Bruce Fields1-11/+13
I'm not too fond of these big if conditions. Replace them by checks of a flag in the operation descriptor. To my eye this makes the code a bit more self-documenting, and makes the complicated part of the code (proc_compound) a little more compact. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: reorganize compound opsJ.Bruce Fields1-125/+129
Define an op descriptor struct, use it to simplify nfsd4_proc_compound(). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: make verify and nverify wrappersJ.Bruce Fields1-6/+22
Make wrappers for verify and nverify, for consistency with other ops. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: don't inline nfsd4 compound op functionsJ.Bruce Fields1-25/+18
The inlining contributes to bloating the stack of nfsd4_compound, and I want to change the compound op functions to function pointers anyway. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: move replay_owner to cstateJ.Bruce Fields1-17/+14
Tuck away the replay_owner in the cstate while we're at it. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: remove spurious replay_owner checkJ.Bruce Fields1-1/+1
OK, this is embarassing--I've even looked back at the history, and cannot for the life of me figure out why I added this check. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: pass saved and current fh together into nfsd4 operationsJ.Bruce Fields1-145/+203
Pass the saved and current filehandles together into all the nfsd4 compound operations. I want a unified interface to these operations so we can just call them by pointer and throw out the huge switch statement. Also I'll eventually want a structure like this--that holds the state used during compound processing--for deferral. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: clarify units of COMPOUND_SLACK_SPACEJ.Bruce Fields1-5/+5
A comment here incorrectly states that "slack_space" is measured in words, not bytes. Remove the comment, and adjust a variable name and a few comments to clarify the situation. This is pure cleanup; there should be no change in functionality. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-11-09[PATCH] nfsd4: fix open-create permissionsJ. Bruce Fields1-2/+4
In the case where an open creates the file, we shouldn't be rechecking permissions to open the file; the open succeeds regardless of what the new file's mode bits say. This patch fixes the problem, but only by introducing yet another parameter to nfsd_create_v3. This is ugly. This will be fixed by later patches. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-11-09[PATCH] nfsd4: reindent do_open_lookup()J. Bruce Fields1-13/+11
Minor rearrangement, cleanup of do_open_lookup(). No change in behavior. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-20[PATCH] nfsd: nfs_replay_meAl Viro1-3/+3
We are using NFS_REPLAY_ME as a special error value that is never leaked to clients. That works fine; the only problem is mixing host- and network- endian values in the same objects. Network-endian equivalent would work just as fine; switch to it. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-20[PATCH] nfsd: nfs4 code returns error values in net-endianAl Viro1-41/+41
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-20[PATCH] xdr annotations: NFSv4 serverAl Viro1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-20[PATCH] fix svc_procfunc declarationAl Viro1-2/+2
svc_procfunc instances return __be32, not int Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-17[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: fix open permission checkingJ. Bruce Fields1-1/+3
We weren't actually checking for SHARE_ACCESS_WRITE, with the result that the owner could open a non-writeable file for write! Continue to allow DENY_WRITE only with write access. Thanks to Jim Rees for reporting the bug. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-17[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: fix owner-override on openJ. Bruce Fields1-7/+5
If a client creates a file using an open which sets the mode to 000, or if a chmod changes permissions after a file is opened, then situations may arise where an NFS client knows that some IO is permitted (because a process holds the file open), but the NFS server does not (because it doesn't know about the open, and only sees that the IO conflicts with the current mode of the file). As a hack to solve this problem, NFS servers normally allow the owner to override permissions on IO. The client can still enforce correct permissions-checking on open by performing an explicit access check. In NFSv4 the client can rely on the explicit on-the-wire open instead of an access check. Therefore we should not be allowing the owner to override permissions on an over-the-wire open! However, we should still allow the owner to override permissions in the case where the client is claiming an open that it already made either before a reboot, or while it was holding a delegation. Thanks to Jim Rees for reporting the bug. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-04[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: actually use all the pieces to implement referralsJ.Bruce Fields1-7/+23
Use all the pieces set up so far to implement referral support, allowing return of NFS4ERR_MOVED and fs_locations attribute. Signed-off-by: Manoj Naik <manoj@almaden.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-04[PATCH] knfsd: Avoid excess stack usage in svc_tcp_recvfromNeilBrown1-1/+1
.. by allocating the array of 'kvec' in 'struct svc_rqst'. As we plan to increase RPCSVC_MAXPAGES from 8 upto 256, we can no longer allocate an array of this size on the stack. So we allocate it in 'struct svc_rqst'. However svc_rqst contains (indirectly) an array of the same type and size (actually several, but they are in a union). So rather than waste space, we move those arrays out of the separately allocated union and into svc_rqst to share with the kvec moved out of svc_tcp_recvfrom (various arrays are used at different times, so there is no conflict). Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-02[PATCH] knfsd: add some missing newlines in printksGreg Banks1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Greg Banks <gnb@melbourne.sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-07-11[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: add per-operation server statsShankar Anand1-0/+8
Add an nfs4 operations count array to nfsd_stats structure. The count is incremented in nfsd4_proc_compound() where all the operations are handled by the nfsv4 server. This count of individual nfsv4 operations is also entered into /proc filesystem. Signed-off-by: Shankar Anand<shanand@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-04-11[PATCH] knfsd: nfsd4: remove nfsd_setuser from putrootfhNeilBrown1-2/+0
Since nfsd_setuser() is already called from any operation that uses the current filehandle (because it's called from fh_verify), there's no reason to call it from putrootfh. Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-04-11[PATCH] knfsd: Correct reserved reply space for read requests.NeilBrown1-1/+1
NFSd makes sure there is enough space to hold the maximum possible reply before accepting a request. The units for this maximum is (4byte) words. However in three places, particularly for read request, the number given is a number of bytes. This means too much space is reserved which is slightly wasteful. This is the sort of patch that could uncover a deeper bug, and it is not critical, so it would be best for it to spend a while in -mm before going in to mainline. (akpm: target 2.6.17-rc2, 2.6.16.3 (approx)) Discovered-by: "Eivind Sarto" <ivan@kasenna.com> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-02-08[PATCH] knfsd: fix nfs4_open lock leakJ. Bruce Fields1-2/+4
I just noticed that my patch "don't create on open that fails due to ERR_GRACE" (recently commited as fb553c0f17444e090db951b96df4d2d71b4f4b6b) had an obvious problem that causes a deadlock on reboot recovery. Sending in this now since it seems like a clear 2.6.16 candidate.--b. We're returning with a lock held in some error cases. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-19[PATCH] nfsd4: clean up settattr codeFred Isaman1-9/+1
Clean up some unnecessary special-casing in the setattr code.. Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-19[PATCH] nfsd4: don't create on open that fails due to ERR_GRACEJ. Bruce Fields1-0/+8
In an earlier patch (commit b648330a1d741d5df8a5076b2a0a2519c69c8f41) I noted that a too-early grace-period check was preventing us from bumping the sequence id on open. Unfortunately in that patch I stupidly moved the grace-period check back too far, so now an open for create can succesfully create the file while still returning ERR_GRACE. The correct place for that check is after we've set the open_owner and handled any replays, but before we actually start mucking with the filesystem. Thanks to Avishay Traeger for reporting the bug. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-19[PATCH] nfsd4: nfs4state.c miscellaneous goto removalsJ. Bruce Fields1-19/+14
Remove some goto's that made the logic here a little more tortuous than necessary. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-19[PATCH] nfsd4: handle replays of failed open reclaimsJ. Bruce Fields1-0/+2
We need to make sure open reclaims are marked confirmed immediately so that we can handle replays even if they fail (e.g. with a seqid-incrementing error). (See 8.1.8.) Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-01-19[PATCH] nfsd4: operation debuggingJ. Bruce Fields1-0/+2
Simple, useful debugging printk: print the number of each op as we process it. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-13[PATCH] nfsd4: move replay_ownerNeil Brown1-14/+10
It seems more natural to move the setting of the replay_owner into the relevant procedure instead of doing it in nfsv4_proc_compound. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-07-08[PATCH] nfsd4: ERR_GRACE should bump seqid on openNeilBrown1-6/+0
The GRACE and NOGRACE errors should bump the sequence id on open. So we delay the handling of these errors until nfsd4_process_open2, at which point we've set the open owner, so the encode routine will be able to bump the sequence id. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-24[PATCH] knfsd: nfs4: hold filp while reading or writingNeilBrown1-3/+12
We're trying to read and write from a struct file that we may not hold a reference to any more (since a close could be processed as soon as we drop the state lock). Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-24[PATCH] nfsd4: block metadata ops during grace periodNeilBrown1-0/+5
We currently return err_grace if a user attempts a non-reclaim open during the grace period. But we also need to prevent renames and removes, at least, to ensure clients have the chance to recover state on files before they are moved or deleted. Of course, local users could also do renames and removes during the lease period, and there's not much we can do about that. This at least will help with remote users. Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-24[PATCH] nfsd4: support CLAIM_DELEGATE_CURNeilBrown1-1/+5
Add OPEN claim type NFS4_OPEN_CLAIM_DELEGATE_CUR to nfsd4_open(). A delegation stateid and a name are provided. OPEN with O_CREAT is not legal with this claim type; otherwise, use the NFS4_OPEN_CLAIM_NULL code path to lookup the filename to be opened. Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-17Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds1-0/+984
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!